WO2023110320A1 - Bougie d'allumage dotée d'un élément d'orientation de courant sur un côté d'extrémité de boîtier côté chambre de combustion - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage dotée d'un élément d'orientation de courant sur un côté d'extrémité de boîtier côté chambre de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023110320A1
WO2023110320A1 PCT/EP2022/082763 EP2022082763W WO2023110320A1 WO 2023110320 A1 WO2023110320 A1 WO 2023110320A1 EP 2022082763 W EP2022082763 W EP 2022082763W WO 2023110320 A1 WO2023110320 A1 WO 2023110320A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
spark plug
section
housing
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2022/082763
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Stockmeier
Sergej Subkow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2023110320A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023110320A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/12—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/16—Means for dissipating heat

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug according to claim 1.
  • the spark plug according to the invention is suitable for use in engines that are subjected to high thermal loads, for example an engine operated with hydrogen.
  • the invention also relates to an internal combustion engine according to claim 12 with a spark plug according to the invention.
  • Spark plugs are subject to specific thermal loads during engine operation. Traditionally, the spark gap formed by the ground electrode and center electrode is located outside of the spark plug boot. There are many different ground electrode concepts for these spark plugs, in which, for example, the ground electrode is designed as a roof electrode or side electrode. However, due to the necessary length of the ground electrode, these spark plugs are subject to a high thermal load, which sets the limits for the use of such spark plugs in engines subject to high thermal loads.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a spark plug that meets cold spark plug component temperatures and thus the requirements for a spark plug for use in thermally highly stressed engines, for example a hydrogen-powered engine, and at the same time has good ignitability.
  • the ignition gap is within the housing and that the end face on the combustion chamber side has a first section whose end on the combustion chamber side lies in a first plane that extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X, and that the front face on the combustion chamber side has a second section, the end of which on the combustion chamber side lies in a second plane that extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X, with a contour of the front face on the combustion chamber side extending through the first section and the second section as well as transitions between the first section and the second section of the housing, through which a flow-directing element is formed on the combustion chamber-side end face of the housing.
  • the spark plug according to the invention with a longitudinal axis X has a housing with a bore along the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug and an end face on the combustion chamber side, an insulator arranged inside the housing, a center electrode arranged inside the insulator, and a ground electrode which is arranged on the housing, the Ground electrode and the center electrode are arranged so that an ignition gap is formed within the housing.
  • the combustion chamber end has a first section, the combustion chamber end of which lies in a first plane that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X, and the combustion chamber end has a second section, the combustion chamber end of which lies in a second plane, which extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X.
  • the first section and the second section and transitions between the first section and the second section result in a contour of the combustion chamber end face of the housing, through which a flow-directing element is formed on the combustion chamber end face of the housing.
  • This has the advantage that the fuel-air mixture is directed in a targeted manner into the breathing space of the housing by the flow-directing element on the combustion chamber-side end face of the housing.
  • the ignition gap is formed within the housing and within the breathing space.
  • the ability of the spark plug to ignite is improved by the targeted steering of the fuel/air mixture flow into the breathing chamber of the housing and into the ignition gap.
  • the formation of the ignition gap within the housing ie within the breathing space of the housing, results in the advantage that the ground electrode and the ignition gap do not protrude into the combustion chamber.
  • the ground electrode and the center electrode can be made shorter, which means that they do not protrude as far or as far into the combustion chamber and, on the one hand, absorb less heat from the combustion chamber and, on the other hand, the shorter electrodes allow heat dissipation from the electrodes via the housing into a cylinder head which the spark plug according to the invention is mounted is more effective.
  • the shorter electrodes allow heat dissipation from the electrodes via the housing into a cylinder head which the spark plug according to the invention is mounted is more effective.
  • an ignition gap arranged within the housing cannot be flown to as easily by the fuel-air mixture, since the housing somewhat shields the ignition gap.
  • the distance H for the first and second planes also describes the difference in height between the first section and the second section of the end face of the housing on the combustion chamber side.
  • H 0.1mm or greater a lower limit for the distance. This ensures that the flow-directing element is sufficiently high to have a sufficient directing effect on the flow of the fuel-air mixture.
  • the first plane is closer to the end of the spark plug on the combustion chamber side than the second plane, and that the spark plug is designed in such a way that when the spark plug is installed in a cylinder head, the second section of the end face on the combustion chamber side is flush a combustion chamber roof of the cylinder head and the first plane and the first section as well as the flow directing element protrude into the combustion chamber.
  • threads formed on the outside of the housing only extend to the second level, i.e. no threads are formed on the outside of the flow directing element.
  • the distance H is therefore also a measure of how far the flow-directing element protrudes into the combustion chamber.
  • the end face on the combustion chamber side has at least a third section, the end of which on the combustion chamber side lies in a third plane, which extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X and is at a greater distance from the end of the spark plug on the combustion chamber side than the second plane.
  • the at least third section is formed in the area of the second section and is in particular a recess.
  • the ground electrode can be arranged at the level of the third plane and in particular the ground electrode can be arranged in the third section.
  • the ground electrode can be arranged in a third section, which is designed as a recess.
  • the second section and the third section have a height difference of distance T.
  • the distance T in also approximately corresponds to the distance between the ignition gap formed by the ground electrode and the center electrode and the second section of the front side of the housing on the combustion chamber side.
  • the distance T results in the electrodes and the ignition gap being formed within the housing, so that the electrodes absorb less heat from the combustion chamber.
  • the spark plug has a negative spark position.
  • the first section of the combustion chamber end face has a length along the circumference of the combustion chamber end face that is less than 40% of the total circumferential length of the combustion chamber end face. This means that the total length of the transitions and the second section and one or more third sections, if there is this third section, is greater than 50% of the total length of the circumference of the combustion chamber-side end face of the housing.
  • the contour of the end face on the combustion chamber side is a wave contour, in which an apex of a wave crest lies in the first plane and this wave crest is the flow-guiding element.
  • the transition or transitions from the first to the second section of the front side of the housing on the combustion chamber side is a step, a bevel, arc-shaped or curved.
  • the width of the ignition gap is not greater than 0.5 mm, in particular not greater than 0.2 mm, and is at least 0.05 mm, in particular not smaller than 0.1 mm.
  • the width of the ignition gap is at least 0.05 mm, in particular not less than 0.1 mm. This means that the ignition gap is not too small.
  • a very small spark gap poses particular challenges to accuracy in spark plug production. A deviation from the alignment of the electrode ignition surfaces that is as parallel as possible has a greater effect with a small ignition gap, such as uneven wear of the ignition surface, than with a larger ignition gap.
  • the lower limit for the width of the ignition gap is therefore a good compromise for, on the one hand, a small ignition gap to reduce the ignition voltage requirement and wear and, on the other hand, a reasonable effort for a consistently good quality of alignment of the ignition surfaces to each other during spark plug production.
  • the spark plug according to the invention and its further development are hydrogen spark plugs that are designed to be used in a hydrogen-powered engine and to ignite the ignitable hydrogen-containing fuel-air mixture.
  • the fuel can contain up to 100% hydrogen, i.e. the fuel can be hydrogen or a hydrogen-gas mixture.
  • spark plug according to the invention is not limited to operation with hydrogen.
  • the spark plug according to the invention can also be used for natural gas or gasoline internal combustion engines.
  • the spark plug according to the invention is optimized for operation with hydrogen.
  • the invention also relates to an internal combustion engine with a cylinder and a spark plug according to the invention.
  • the cylinder has a cylinder head and a combustion chamber, with the spark plug being mounted in the cylinder head.
  • the spark plug is mounted in such a way that the flow-directing element protrudes into the combustion chamber on the front side of the housing on the combustion chamber side.
  • the ignition gap of the spark plug is arranged outside of the combustion chamber.
  • the spark plug is mounted in the cylinder head in such a way that the ignition gap formed within the housing is arranged in the cylinder head.
  • the spark plug is mounted in the cylinder head in such a way that the second section of the front face of the housing on the combustion chamber side is flush with a combustion chamber roof of the cylinder head.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first example of the contour of the combustion chamber end of a spark plug according to the invention from three perspectives
  • FIG. 2 shows a second example of the contour of the combustion chamber end of the spark plug according to the invention from two perspectives
  • FIG. 3 shows a third and a fourth example of the contour of the end of the spark plug according to the invention on the combustion chamber side
  • FIG. 4 shows further examples of different contours of the end of the spark plug according to the invention on the combustion chamber side.
  • FIG. 1 shows the combustion chamber end of the spark plug according to the invention with a first possible contour from three perspectives: a) simplified 3D view, b) 2D side view, c) 2D top view.
  • the spark plug has a housing 2 , a ground electrode 5 and a center electrode 4 .
  • the housing 2 has an end face 20 on the combustion chamber side, which has a first section 21, a second section 22 and an optional third section 23 as well as transitions 212 between the sections.
  • the end of the first section 21 on the combustion chamber side lies in a first plane 21E, which extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug.
  • the end of the second section 22 on the combustion chamber side lies in a second plane 22 E, which extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug.
  • the combustion chamber end of the optional third section 23 lies in a third plane 23E, which extends perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug.
  • the third Section 23 arranged in the region of the second section 22 and divides the second section 22 into sections.
  • the first level 21E and the second level 22E and the optional third level 23E are spaced from each other.
  • the first level 21 E and the second level 22 E have the distance H from each other.
  • the second level 22 E and the third level 23 E have the distance T from each other.
  • the first plane 21E is closer to the combustion chamber than the second plane 22E.
  • the second plane 22E is closer to the combustion chamber than the third plane 23E.
  • the first section 21, the second section 22 and the optional third section 23 of the combustion chamber-side end face 20 of the housing 2 are spaced apart in height according to the distances between the planes 21E, 22E, 23E.
  • the axial distance between the first section 21 and the second section 22 is the distance H as in the first plane 21 E and the second plane 22 E.
  • the distance H corresponds to the difference in height between the combustion chamber end of the first section 21 and the combustion chamber end of the second Section 22.
  • the combustion chamber-side end face 20 Due to the first section 21 and the second section 22 of the combustion chamber-side end face 20 of the housing 2, the combustion chamber-side end face 20 has a contour that deviates from the normal annular contour lying in one plane.
  • the height difference between the first section 21 and the second section 22 creates a flow-directing element 25 on the combustion chamber-side end face 20 of the housing 2.
  • This flow-directing element 25 directs the fuel-air mixture into the breathing chamber of the housing 2 and into the breathing chamber and Housing 2 directed spark gap arranged, so that despite the negative spark position, the spark plug has a good ignitability.
  • first section 21 and the second section 22 of the combustion chamber end face 20 of the housing 2 have a stepped transition 212.
  • the transition 212 or the transitions are the surfaces of the combustion chamber end face 20 of the housing 2 between the first section 21 and the second Section 22, which are not in a plane with the first section 21 or the second section 22.
  • a recess 28 or two recesses is shown on the combustion chamber-side end face 20 of the housing 2 .
  • the recesses 28 are third portions 23 of the combustion chamber side end face 20 of the housing 2, in a third Level 23E are arranged.
  • the recesses 28 have a depth T which corresponds to the distance from the second plane 22E to the third plane 23E.
  • the ground electrode 5 can be arranged in a recess 28, for example pressed in or welded on. As a result, the ignition gap that the ground electrode 5 forms together with the center electrode 4 is formed inside the housing 2, thereby reducing the thermal load on the spark plug.
  • the recess 28 extends from the combustion chamber-side end face 20 of the housing 2 in the direction of the housing end facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • the recess has a depth T, which is measured parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug, starting from the housing end face 20 on the combustion chamber side to the deepest point of the recess 28, the third section 23.
  • the ground electrode 5 rests on the deepest point of the recess 28 .
  • the depth T of the recess 28 also influences how far the ignition gap is within the housing 2 .
  • the ground electrode can also be arranged in a bore, the bore being formed in the housing wall.
  • the bore is then preferably also at a distance T from the second section 22 of the front side 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side and from the second plane 22 E.
  • an axis of symmetry of the flow-directing element 25 and the ground electrode 5 arranged laterally on the housing 2 are arranged at an angle greater than 45° to one another along the circumference of the front side 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side .
  • the flow directing element 25 can direct the fuel-air mixture into the ignition gap unhindered.
  • the angle is, for example, 45° to 135°, in particular approximately 90°.
  • the angle is 90°-180°, for example.
  • a thread 27 is formed on the outside of the housing, with which the spark plug can be screwed into a cylinder head.
  • the thread 27 is preferably formed only up to the second level 22 E on the outside of the housing 2 and not on the part of the outside of the housing 2 which protrudes beyond the second level 22 E to the first level 21 E and forms the flow-guiding element 25 .
  • the thread 27 can also be formed only up to the optional third level 23E.
  • the thread 27 is advantageously formed on the outside of the housing 2 in such a way that the spark plug mounted in the cylinder head can only be connected to the flow-guiding element 25 into the combustion chamber.
  • the spark plug is mounted in such a way that the second section 22 of the front face 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side is flush with the combustion chamber roof.
  • the first portion 21 has a length along the circumference of about 25-35% of the total length of the circumference.
  • the length of the second section 22, the optional third section 23 and the transitions 212 between the sections is significantly greater than 50% of the total length of the circumference.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the end of the spark plug according to the invention on the combustion chamber side with a second possible contour from two perspectives: a) simplified 3D view, b) 2D side view.
  • the spark plug has an end face 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side, which has a corrugated contour. There is one wave crest that is higher than the other wave crest. The higher wave crest has the function of the flow-directing element 25.
  • the arrows symbolize the flow of the fuel-air mixture, which is directed through the flow-directing element 25 into the breathing space of the housing 2.
  • the transition 212 from the first section 21 to the third section 23 or to the second section 22 has a curved contour due to the corrugated contour.
  • the ground electrode 5 is arranged in a trough 28, for example.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the end of the spark plug according to the invention on the combustion chamber side with a) a third possible contour and b) a fourth possible contour, each as a 2D side view.
  • the first section of the front face 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side is designed to be narrower in the radial direction.
  • the transition 212 from the first section 21 to the second section 22 has the contour of a straight slope.
  • the optional third Section 23 is formed in the area of the second section 22 and divides the second section 22 into sections.
  • the first section 21 of the front face 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side is narrower in the radial direction.
  • the transition 212 from the first section 21 to the second section 22 has the contour of a curved slope.
  • the optional third section 23 is formed in the area of the second section 22 and divides the second section 22 into partial sections.
  • FIG. 4 shows various possible contours for the front side 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side. All contours for the front side 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side, including those from the above exemplary embodiments, in which a flow-guiding element is formed according to the invention, fit into a frame that is defined by the distance H between the first plane 21 E and the second plane 22 E and the distance T of the second plane 22E to the optional third plane 23E and the outer diameter D of the housing.
  • the outer diameter D results from the common plug types, such as M8, MIO, M12, M14, M16, M18.
  • the distance H is not less than 0.1 mm and not more than 10 mm.
  • the distance T is not less than 0.1 mm and not more than 15 mm.
  • a first further possible contour is shown with a bold line and has a first section 21 and a second section 22 of the combustion chamber-side end face 20 of the housing 2, which are shown here with a narrow radial width.
  • the transition 212 from the first section 21 to the second section 22 extends almost over half the circumferential length of the housing 2 and is a slope.
  • the optional third section 23 of the front side 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side is formed in the region of this long transition 212 .
  • the ground electrode 5 is arranged in the recess 28 created by the third section 23 .
  • the recess 28 has a greater depth than the distance T between the second plane 22 E and the third plane 23 E.
  • a second further possible contour is shown with a dotted line and has a first section 21 and a second section 22 of the combustion chamber-side end face 20 of the housing 2, which are shown here with a narrow radial width.
  • a first transition from the first level 21 E to the intermediate level 232 E is designed as a slope.
  • a second transition from the intermediate level 232 E to the second level 22 E is also designed as a slope.
  • a third further possible contour is shown with a dashed line and has a first section 21 and a second section 22 of the front side 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side, which are shown here with a narrow radial width.
  • a fourth further possible contour is shown with a dash-dot line and has a first section 21 and a second section 22 of the front face 20 of the housing 2 on the combustion chamber side, which are shown here with a narrow radial width. There is a transition from the first section 21 to the third section 23 and a transition from the third section 23 to the second section 22. Both transitions have a curved contour, resulting in a trough contour between the first section 21 and the second section 22 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une bougie d'allumage (1) ayant un axe longitudinal, comprenant : un boîtier (2) doté d'un trou le long de l'axe longitudinal de bougie d'allumage et un côté d'extrémité côté chambre de combustion (20) ; un isolateur (3) disposé à l'intérieur du boîtier (2) ; une électrode centrale (4) disposée à l'intérieur de l'isolateur (3) ; et une électrode de masse (5) disposée sur le boîtier ; l'électrode de masse (5) et l'électrode centrale (4) étant agencées de telle sorte qu'un espace d'allumage est formé à l'intérieur du boîtier (2), le côté d'extrémité côté chambre de combustion (20) ayant une première section (21), l'extrémité côté chambre de combustion de celui-ci se trouvant dans un premier plan (21E) s'étendant perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal, et le côté d'extrémité côté chambre de combustion (20) ayant une seconde section (22), l'extrémité côté chambre de combustion de celui-ci se trouvant dans un second plan (22E) s'étendant perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal, un contour du côté d'extrémité côté chambre de combustion (20) du boîtier (2) étant formé par la première section (21) et la seconde section (22) et des transitions (212) entre les première et seconde sections (21, 22), par l'intermédiaire desquelles un élément d'orientation de courant (25) est formé sur le côté d'extrémité côté chambre de combustion (20) du boîtier (2).
PCT/EP2022/082763 2021-12-17 2022-11-22 Bougie d'allumage dotée d'un élément d'orientation de courant sur un côté d'extrémité de boîtier côté chambre de combustion Ceased WO2023110320A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021214629.5A DE102021214629A1 (de) 2021-12-17 2021-12-17 Zündkerze mit Element zur Strömungslenkung an brennraumseitiger Gehäusestirnseite
DE102021214629.5 2021-12-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023110320A1 true WO2023110320A1 (fr) 2023-06-22

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ID=84439854

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2022/082763 Ceased WO2023110320A1 (fr) 2021-12-17 2022-11-22 Bougie d'allumage dotée d'un élément d'orientation de courant sur un côté d'extrémité de boîtier côté chambre de combustion

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102021214629A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2023110320A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3821688A1 (de) * 1988-06-28 1990-01-04 Kuhnert Dieter Dr Ing Zuendelektroden in einer vorkammerzuendkerze
US20120299459A1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2012-11-29 Yasushi Sakakura Spark plug and method of manufacturing spark plug
WO2014149947A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Woodward, Inc. Flux de noyau de flamme allumé par une étincelle contrôlée
EP3370314A1 (fr) * 2015-10-29 2018-09-05 In Tae Jung Bougie d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne
DE102019122976A1 (de) * 2018-08-27 2020-02-27 Ngk Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Zündkerze

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19627524A1 (de) 1996-07-09 1998-01-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zündkerze
DE19855791A1 (de) 1998-12-03 2000-06-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Brennkammer für ein Kraftfahrzeug
WO2008117606A1 (fr) 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Bougie d'allumage

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3821688A1 (de) * 1988-06-28 1990-01-04 Kuhnert Dieter Dr Ing Zuendelektroden in einer vorkammerzuendkerze
US20120299459A1 (en) * 2010-01-15 2012-11-29 Yasushi Sakakura Spark plug and method of manufacturing spark plug
WO2014149947A1 (fr) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Woodward, Inc. Flux de noyau de flamme allumé par une étincelle contrôlée
EP3370314A1 (fr) * 2015-10-29 2018-09-05 In Tae Jung Bougie d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne
DE102019122976A1 (de) * 2018-08-27 2020-02-27 Ngk Spark Plug Co. Ltd. Zündkerze

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