WO2023123712A1 - 叶片的腹板及叶片 - Google Patents

叶片的腹板及叶片 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023123712A1
WO2023123712A1 PCT/CN2022/083301 CN2022083301W WO2023123712A1 WO 2023123712 A1 WO2023123712 A1 WO 2023123712A1 CN 2022083301 W CN2022083301 W CN 2022083301W WO 2023123712 A1 WO2023123712 A1 WO 2023123712A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber layer
blade
web
fiber
carbon fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/083301
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李正浛
袁渊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiangsu Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202123382051.XU external-priority patent/CN217327544U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111639510.XA external-priority patent/CN116412060B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202111640390.5A external-priority patent/CN114347576B/zh
Application filed by Jiangsu Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Jiangsu Goldwind Science and Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2023123712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023123712A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of wind power generating sets, and more specifically, the present disclosure relates to a blade web and a blade.
  • Wind turbines are used to convert wind energy into electrical energy. At present, as the single-unit capacity of wind turbines increases, longer blades are required to capture wind energy and convert it into electrical energy.
  • the blade consists of a suction side shell and a pressure side shell glued together, as well as a main beam and a web as a load-bearing part. As the blade becomes longer and longer, the length of the main girder and web is also longer and longer.
  • the material of the main girder and web has an impact on the weight, strength, stiffness and cost of the blade, so the above factors are considered comprehensively in the design Main girders and webs are very necessary.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a web and a blade capable of avoiding excessive tip deflection of the blade from interfering with the tower and reducing the risk of the blade sweeping the tower.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a light-weight, high-strength and high-rigidity web and blade.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a web and a blade that can effectively avoid resonance between the natural frequency of the blade and the frequency of the tower.
  • a web of a blade the web includes a core material and reinforcements respectively disposed on both sides of the core, wherein at least one of the reinforcements includes a third fiber layer and A fourth fiber layer, the third fiber layer and the fourth fiber layer are sequentially arranged from the root of the web towards the tip of the web, the third fiber layer includes glass fibers, the fourth The fiber layers comprise carbon fibers, the specific stiffness of the fourth fiber layer is greater than the specific stiffness of the third fiber layer, wherein the third fiber layer is arranged from the root of the web to 1% of the length of the web /2-2/3.
  • the web of the present disclosure excessive deflection of the blade tip and interference with the tower can be avoided, the risk of blade sweeping the tower can be reduced, the web of the blade tip section can meet the requirements of strength and stiffness, and the weight of the web can be reduced at the same time.
  • a blade comprising a web as described above.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an installation state of a main beam and a web in a blade according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a girder and web according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of fiber layers in the main girder according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of fiber layers in a main girder according to another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a spar for a segmented blade according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 6 is a chord-wise cross-sectional view of a web according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a spanwise cross-sectional view of a web according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 8-10 are schematic diagrams of blade root preforms according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic illustration of a blade according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 10 is the main beam
  • 10a is the first main beam section
  • 10b is the second main beam section
  • 10c is the bonding layer
  • 10d is the reinforcing layer
  • 11 is the first fiber layer
  • 12 is the second fiber layer 20 is the web
  • 21 is the core material
  • 22 is the reinforcement
  • 22a is the third fiber layer
  • 22b is the fourth fiber layer
  • 30 is the blade root prefabricated part
  • 31 is the bolt sleeve
  • 32 is the inner fiber layer
  • 33 34 is a barrier piece
  • 35 is a beveled transition piece
  • 100 is a blade
  • 101 is a pressure side shell
  • 102 is a suction side shell.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an installation state of a main beam and a web in a blade according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a part of a blade with the suction side (SS) and pressure side (PS) shells open.
  • SS suction side
  • PS pressure side
  • the blade 100 may include a pressure side shell 101 and a suction side shell 102 .
  • the pressure side shell 101 and the suction side shell 102 may be joined to each other by, for example, gluing to form a complete shell, providing a geometric airfoil through which the airflow passes.
  • the blade 100 may further include a spar 10 .
  • the main beam 10 can be arranged in the pressure side shell 101 and the suction side shell 102 as a load bearing component.
  • the blade 100 may comprise two main spars 10 arranged in a pressure side shell 101 and a suction side shell 102 respectively.
  • the blade 100 may also include a web 20 .
  • the web 20 may be supported between the pressure side shell 101 and the suction side shell 102 for carrying shear forces and bending moments.
  • the blade 100 may comprise two webs 20 which are separated from each other.
  • the number of webs 20 is not particularly limited.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a girder and web according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2 , two main beams 10 face each other in the thickness direction of the blade 100 , and two webs 20 face each other in the chord direction of the blade 100 and support the two main beams 10 .
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of fiber layers in the main beam according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of fiber layers in the main beam according to another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 5 is Schematic illustration of a spar for a segmented blade according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • At least one of the two main beams 10 includes a first fiber layer 11 and a second fiber layer 12 .
  • the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 are from the root of the main beam 10 (the end of the main beam 10 close to the root of the blade 100) towards the tip of the main beam 10 (the end of the main beam near the blade tip of the blade 100)
  • the first fiber layer 11 includes glass fibers
  • the second fiber layer 12 includes carbon fibers
  • the specific stiffness of the second fiber layer 12 is greater than that of the first fiber layer 11 .
  • the first fiber layer 11 corresponding to the root section of the blade 100 includes glass fibers
  • the tip section of the blade 100 from the middle of the blade 100 part to the tip of the blade 100
  • the second fiber layer 12 corresponding to the carbon fiber and the specific stiffness of the second fiber layer 12 corresponding to the tip section of the blade 100 is greater than the first fiber layer 12 corresponding to the root section of the blade 100
  • the second fiber layer 12 includes carbon fibers, and the specific stiffness of the second fiber layer 12 is greater than that of the first fiber layer 11, the rigidity of the tip section of the blade 100 can be improved, thereby avoiding excessive tip deflection Interfere with the tower to reduce the risk of blade sweeping the tower.
  • the relative thickness of the airfoil (the maximum height/chord length of the airfoil) from the middle of the blade to the tip of the blade generally does not exceed 30%, that is, the thickness of the blade from the middle of the blade to the tip of the blade generally does not exceed 30%.
  • the cavity space in a region is small, and the main beam needs to meet the requirements of strength and rigidity in a small space, so by making the second fiber layer 12 corresponding to the tip section of the blade 100 include carbon fibers, the main body of the tip section can be made The beam meets the requirements of strength and rigidity, and at the same time can reduce the weight of the main beam, especially the weight of the main beam of the blade tip section.
  • the main girder may be entirely made of carbon fiber.
  • the manufacturing cost of the main girder will increase significantly.
  • the The application of glass fiber in the corresponding main girder 10 can reduce the manufacturing cost of the main girder.
  • the natural frequency of the blade 100 can be increased through the high frequency characteristic of the carbon fiber itself, and the resonance between the blade 100 and the tower can be avoided.
  • "at least one of the two main beams 10 includes the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12” may include the following situation: both main beams 10 include the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 The second fiber layer 12; one of the two main beams 10 includes the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12, and the other main beam 10 of the two main beams 10 includes other forms of fiber layers.
  • the first fiber layer 11 includes glass fibers.
  • the main components of glass fiber are silica, alumina, calcium oxide, boron oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, etc.
  • the amount of alkali in the glass it can be divided into non-alkali glass fiber (referred to as E glass fiber, sodium oxide 0% ⁇ 2%, belongs to aluminoborosilicate glass), medium alkali glass fiber (sodium oxide 8% ⁇ 12%) , boron-containing or boron-free soda-lime silicate glass) and high-alkali glass fiber (more than 13% sodium oxide, which belongs to soda-lime silicate glass).
  • the second fiber layer 12 includes carbon fibers.
  • Carbon fiber is a special fiber that includes carbon elements. Carbon fiber has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, friction resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. High strength and modulus. The density of carbon fiber is small, so the specific strength and specific modulus are high.
  • the specific stiffness of the first fiber layer 11 and the specific stiffness of the second fiber layer 12 refer to the average specific stiffness of the first fiber layer 11 and the average specific stiffness of the second fiber layer 12 . That is to say, when the first fiber layer 11 has a plurality of fiber layers, and the second fiber layer 12 has a plurality of fiber layers, the specific stiffness of the first fiber layer 11 refers to the stiffness of a plurality of fiber layers of the first fiber layer 11 The average value of the specific stiffness of the second fiber layer 12 refers to the average value of the stiffness of multiple fiber layers of the second fiber layer 12 .
  • the first fiber layer 11 may include only glass fibers, and the second fiber layer 12 may include only carbon fibers.
  • the first fiber layer 11 may include only glass fibers
  • the second fiber layer 12 may include both glass fibers and carbon fibers.
  • the first fiber layer 11 includes both glass fibers and carbon fibers
  • the second fiber layer 12 includes both glass fibers and carbon fibers
  • the weight of carbon fibers per unit volume of the second fiber layer 12 is greater than that of the first fiber layer 12.
  • the glass fibers and carbon fibers are arranged in any one of the following ways: the glass fibers and carbon fibers are arranged in the thickness direction of the main beam of the blade Arranged in staggered layers, the glass fiber is arranged above the carbon fiber, and the glass fiber is arranged below the carbon fiber.
  • “above” and “below” are determined based on Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, and “above” in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 may refer to an area near the outside of the blade, and “below” may refer to an area near the inner cavity of the blade.
  • the glass fibers and carbon fibers are arranged in any of the following ways: The direction is staggered, the glass fiber is arranged above the carbon fiber, and the glass fiber is arranged below the carbon fiber. "Above” and “below” are to be understood in a similar manner to the above description.
  • each of the two main beams 10 may include the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 in the manner described above.
  • the first fiber layer 11 includes only glass fibers
  • the second fiber layer 12 includes only carbon fibers.
  • one main beam 10 of the two main beams 10 when the blade 100 includes two main beams 10, one main beam 10 of the two main beams 10 includes a first fiber layer 11 and a second fiber layer 12, and the first fiber layer 11 Only glass fibers are included, the second fiber layer 12 only includes carbon fibers, and the other main beam 10 of the two main beams 10 also includes fiber layers, but its fiber layer only includes glass fibers and does not include carbon fibers.
  • the manufacturing cost of the main beam 10 can be further reduced while increasing the rigidity of the blade tip section of the main beam 10 .
  • the second fiber layer 12 including carbon fiber can be provided from the tip of the main beam 10 to more than 1/3 of the length of the main beam 10 .
  • the first fiber layer 11 can be arranged from the root of the main beam 10 to a region overlapping with the second fiber layer 12 .
  • the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 are staggered and overlapped together to form an overlapping area, thereby connecting the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 as a whole .
  • the overlapping length of the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 (referring to the length of the first fiber layer 11
  • the overlapping length formed by the single layer of the single layer and the single layer in the second fiber layer 12) is between 10cm-50cm. If the overlapping length is less than 10 cm, the strength of the main girder 10 at the overlapping point is insufficient, and if the overlapping length is greater than 50 cm, the weight of the main girder 10 will increase.
  • the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 may be overlapped in a stepped manner.
  • the main girder 10 can be avoided from being too thick in the overlapping area of the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 .
  • the thickness of the girder in the overlapping area can also be reduced by reducing the fiber density of the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 in the overlapping area.
  • the thickness of the fiber layer is related to the density of the fiber layer, and as the density of the fiber layer increases, the thickness of the fiber layer also increases. Therefore, by reducing the overlap between the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12
  • the fiber density in the joint area is used to reduce the thickness of the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 in the overlapping area, thereby avoiding the thickness of the main beam 10 in the overlapping area of the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 too thick.
  • the fiber density of the first fiber layer 11 in the overlapping area can be lower than that of the first fiber layer 11 in other areas, and the fiber density of the second fiber layer 12 in the overlapping area can be lower.
  • first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 shown in FIGS. The specific number of layers of the second fiber layer 12 and the second fiber layer 12 are not specifically limited, and can be designed according to the overall structural design of the blade 100 .
  • the main girder 10 may further include a resin covering and infiltrating the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 to form the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 . Therefore, in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , cured resin is disposed between adjacent fiber layers of the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 .
  • the main girder 10 in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be manufactured in any of the following ways: the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 can be laid first in the main beam mold, and then the first The fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 are filled with resin and cured; or the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 can be manufactured into fiber prepregs, and then laid and cured in the main beam mold; or the second fiber layer can be manufactured A pultruded sheet of a fiber layer 11 and a second fiber layer 12 is then laid and formed.
  • the spar 10 according to embodiments of the present disclosure may also be suitable for segmented blades.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a main spar 10 for a segmented blade according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the main beam 10 may include a first main beam section 10 a and a second main beam section 10 b.
  • the first main beam section 10a and the second main beam section 10b may be connected to each other by an adhesive layer 10c and a reinforcing layer 10d.
  • the joining surface of the first main beam section 10a and the second main beam section 10b may be an inclined surface to increase The bonding area between the first main beam section 10a and the second main beam section 10b improves the bonding force.
  • the adhesive layer 10c may be formed using adhesive materials, and optionally, the adhesive layer 10c may include structural adhesive.
  • reinforcing layers 10d may also be provided on both sides of the bonding area of the main beam 10 .
  • the reinforcement layer 10d may be resin impregnated fibers.
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and when the bonding strength of the bonding layer 10c is sufficient, the first main beam section 10a and the second main beam section 10b may be connected only through the bonding layer 10c.
  • first main beam section 10a and the second main beam section 10b may also be connected to each other by mechanical connectors (eg, bolts).
  • the first main beam section 10a may include a first fiber layer 11
  • the second main beam section 10b may include a second fiber layer 12
  • the specific materials of the first fiber layer 11 and the second fiber layer 12 may be The materials are the same as those described above with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , and are not repeated here to avoid redundancy.
  • the second main beam section 10b may be provided up to the tip of the main beam 10 to exceed 1/3 of the length of the main beam 10 .
  • the girder 10 in FIG. 5 can be manufactured in the following manner: a first girder section 10a can be made from a first fiber layer 11, a second girder section 10b can be made from a second fiber layer 12, and then The first main beam section 10a and the second main beam section 10b may be connected to each other.
  • the first fiber layer 11 can be laid and then filled with resin and cured to shape, or the first fiber layer 11 can be made into a fiber prepreg, and then cured to shape, or the first fiber layer can be manufactured 11 of the pultruded sheet, and then lay it into shape.
  • a similar manner can be used to manufacture the second main beam section 10b.
  • main beam of the embodiment of the present disclosure four technical effects can be achieved at the same time: 1. It can avoid excessive blade tip deflection from interfering with the tower, and reduce the risk of blade sweeping the tower; 2. Make the main beam of the blade tip section meet the strength and The requirement of rigidity can reduce the weight of the main girder, especially the weight of the main girder in the tip area; third, the manufacturing cost of the main girder can be reduced; fourth, the resonance between the blade and the tower can be avoided.
  • Figure 6 is a chordwise cross-sectional view of a web according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 7 is a spanwise cross-sectional view of a web according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the web 20 may include a core material 21 and reinforcing parts 22 respectively disposed on both sides of the core material 21 .
  • the reinforcing parts 22 arranged on both sides of the core material 21 are joined together at both ends of the core material 21 and bent in one direction, so that the web 20 as a whole forms a box-like structure similar to a C shape, To provide the strength and rigidity of the blade.
  • At least one of the two reinforcing parts 22 disposed on both sides of the core material 21 may include a third fiber layer 22a and a fourth fiber layer 22b.
  • the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b are from the root of the web 20 (the end of the web 20 near the root of the blade 100) towards the tip of the web 20 (the end of the web 20 near the tip of the blade 100 ). ) are arranged in sequence, the third fiber layer 22a includes glass fibers, the fourth fiber layer 22b includes carbon fibers, and the specific stiffness of the fourth fiber layer 22b is greater than the specific stiffness of the third fiber layer 22a.
  • the third fiber layer 22a corresponding to the blade root section of the blade 100 (the area from the root of the blade 100 to the middle part of the blade 100 along the blade span direction) comprises glass fibers
  • the blade tip section of the blade 100 (Area along the spanwise direction of the blade, from the middle part of the blade 100 to the tip of the blade 100)
  • the corresponding fourth fiber layer 22b includes carbon fibers
  • the specific stiffness of the fourth fiber layer 22b is greater than the specific stiffness of the third fiber layer 22a .
  • the fourth fiber layer 22b includes carbon fibers, and the specific stiffness of the fourth fiber layer 22b is greater than that of the third fiber layer 22a, the rigidity of the tip section of the blade 100 can be improved, thereby avoiding excessive tip deflection Interfere with the tower to reduce the risk of blade sweeping the tower.
  • the web mainly bears the shear force of the blade, especially from the 1/3 length from the blade tip to the blade tip.
  • the blade is relatively thin and soft, and the web needs to be The strength and stiffness requirements are met in a small space, so by making the fourth fiber layer 22b corresponding to the tip section of the blade 100 include carbon fibers, the web of the tip section can meet the requirements of strength and stiffness, and at the same time reduce the weight of the web. Weight, especially the weight of the tip section web.
  • the shell of the root section of the blade is relatively thick, the stiffness and frequency will not have a great impact on the web at the root section of the blade. Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, by The application of glass fiber in the web 20 of the blade tip can reduce the manufacturing cost of the web, and the application of carbon fiber in the web 20 of the corresponding blade tip section can meet the rigidity and strength requirements of the blade tip section.
  • the natural frequency of the blade 100 can be increased through the high frequency characteristic of the carbon fiber itself, and the resonance between the blade 100 and the tower can be avoided.
  • each of the reinforcing parts 22 may include a third fiber layer 22a and a fourth fiber layer 22b.
  • the specific stiffness of the third fiber layer 22a and the specific stiffness of the fourth fiber layer 22b refer to the average specific stiffness of the third fiber layer 22a and the average specific stiffness of the fourth fiber layer 22b. That is to say, when the third fiber layer 22a has a plurality of fiber layers, and the fourth fiber layer 22b has a plurality of fiber layers, the specific stiffness of the third fiber layer 22a refers to the stiffness of the plurality of fiber layers of the third fiber layer 22a The average value of the specific stiffness of the fourth fiber layer 22b refers to the average value of the stiffness of multiple fiber layers of the fourth fiber layer 22b.
  • the third fiber layer 22a may include only glass fibers, and the fourth fiber layer 22b may include only carbon fibers.
  • the third fiber layer 22a may include only glass fibers, and the fourth fiber layer 22b may include both glass fibers and carbon fibers.
  • the third fiber layer 22a includes both glass fibers and carbon fibers
  • the fourth fiber layer 22b includes both glass fibers and carbon fibers
  • the weight of carbon fibers per unit volume of the fourth fiber layer 22b is greater than that of the third fiber layer 22a.
  • the weight of the carbon fiber per unit volume of the fiber layer 22a is to say, in the case that both the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b include glass fibers and carbon fibers, the arrangement density of the carbon fibers in the fourth fiber layer 22b is higher than the arrangement density of the carbon fibers in the third fiber layer 22a , so that the specific stiffness of the second fiber layer is higher than that of the first fiber layer.
  • the glass fibers and carbon fibers are arranged in any one of the following ways: the glass fibers and carbon fibers are arranged in the thickness direction of the blade web Arranged in staggered layers, the glass fiber is arranged above the carbon fiber, and the glass fiber is arranged below the carbon fiber.
  • “above” and “below” are determined based on FIG. 7 , and “above” may refer to a direction away from the core material 21 , and “below” may refer to a direction close to the core material 21 .
  • the glass fibers and carbon fibers are arranged in any one of the following ways: The direction is staggered, the glass fiber is arranged above the carbon fiber, and the glass fiber is arranged below the carbon fiber. "Above” and “below” are to be understood in a similar manner to the above description.
  • each of the two webs 20 may have the structure shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 .
  • Figure 6 only schematically shows the structure of the web, and the web can also be a structure similar to Z-shaped, similar to the "I"-shaped structure, etc., that is, as long as the web structure meets the force of the blade.
  • the blade 100 can also be a single web structure, that is, only one web 20 is arranged in the blade shell; or, the web can also be a structure integrally formed with the blade shell or the main beam.
  • the third fiber layer 22a may be arranged from the root of the web 20 to 1/2-2/3 of the length of the web 20 .
  • the fourth fiber layer 22b can be arranged from the tip of the web 20 to the area overlapped with the third fiber layer 22a, so as to meet the strength and rigidity requirements in a small space. Because the web mainly bears the shear force, the third fiber layer 22a is set from the root of the web 20 to the range of 1/2-2/3 of the length of the web 20, which can satisfy the load of the web. Force requirements, and at the same time can minimize the material cost of web manufacturing.
  • the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b are staggered and overlapped together to form an overlapping area, thereby connecting the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b as a whole.
  • the lap length of the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b (referring to the third fiber layer 22a in the The length of overlap between a single layer and a single layer in the fourth fiber layer 22b) is between 5 cm and 30 cm. If the overlapping length is less than 5 cm, the strength of the web 20 at the overlapping point is insufficient, and if the overlapping length is greater than 30 cm, the weight of the web 20 will increase.
  • the third fiber layer 22 a and the fourth fiber layer 22 b can be overlapped in a stepped manner. By setting in this way, it is possible to avoid excessive thickness of the web 20 in the overlapping region of the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b.
  • the thickness of the web in the overlapping area can also be reduced by reducing the fiber density of the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b in the overlapping area.
  • the thickness of the fiber layer is related to the density of the fiber layer, and as the density of the fiber layer increases, the thickness of the fiber layer also increases. Therefore, by reducing the overlap between the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b reduce the thickness of the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b in the overlapping area, thereby avoiding the thickness of the web 20 in the overlapping area of the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b too thick.
  • the fiber density of the third fiber layer 22a in the overlapping area can be lower than that of the third fiber layer 22a in other areas, and the fiber density of the fourth fiber layer 22b in the overlapping area can be lower.
  • the reinforcing part 22 may further include a resin covering and infiltrating the third fiber layer 22 a and the fourth fiber layer 22 b to shape the third fiber layer 22 a and the fourth fiber layer 22 b. Therefore, in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, cured resin is disposed between adjacent fiber layers of the third fiber layer 22a and the fourth fiber layer 22b.
  • the web 20 in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be manufactured in any of the following ways: laying a third fiber layer 22a and a fourth fiber layer 22b of reinforcement 22 in a web mould; laying The core material 21 ; laying the third fiber layer 22 a and the fourth fiber layer 22 b of another reinforcing part 22 on the core material 21 ; pouring resin to form the web 20 .
  • the web of the embodiment of the present disclosure four technical effects can be achieved at the same time: 1. It can avoid excessive blade tip deflection from interfering with the tower, and reduce the risk of blade sweeping tower; 2. Make the blade tip section web meet the strength and The demand for rigidity can reduce the weight of the web at the same time; third, the manufacturing cost of the web can be reduced; fourth, the resonance between the blade and the tower can be avoided.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 a blade root preform according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10 .
  • FIGS 8-10 are schematic diagrams of blade root preforms according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a blade root preform 30 includes bolt sleeves 31 arranged in a circumferential direction and a fiber layer covering the bolt sleeves 31 , the fiber layer including glass fibers and carbon fibers.
  • the blade root of the blade bears a large load, it is necessary to increase the strength of the blade root prefabricated part 30 .
  • the manufacturing cost is high, and on the other hand, the layering thickness of the blade root preform 30 is insufficient, which increases the risk of fracture.
  • the fiber layer include both glass fibers and carbon fibers, the following technical effects can be simultaneously achieved: meeting the strength requirements of the blade root preform 30 , reducing the fracture risk, manufacturing cost and weight of the blade root preform 30 .
  • the fiber layers may include an inner fiber layer 32 disposed radially inward of the bolt housing 31 and an outer fiber layer 33 disposed radially outward of the bolt housing 31 .
  • the specific number of layers of the inner fiber layer 32 and the outer fiber layer 33 is not specifically limited, and can be determined according to the structural design.
  • the inner fiber layer 32 is glass fiber
  • the outer fiber layer 33 is carbon fiber.
  • each layer of the inner fiber layer 32 is glass fiber
  • each layer of the outer fiber layer 33 is carbon fiber.
  • the inner fiber layer 32 is carbon fiber
  • the outer fiber layer 33 is glass fiber.
  • each layer of the inner fiber layer 32 is carbon fiber
  • each layer of the outer fiber layer 33 is glass fiber.
  • both the inner fiber layer 32 and the outer fiber layer 33 include glass fibers and carbon fibers (as shown in FIG. 10 ).
  • glass fibers and carbon fibers may be arranged in staggered layers. "Staggered arrangement" not only refers to the situation where glass fibers and carbon fibers are alternately arranged one by one, but also refers to the situation where two (three or more) glass fibers and carbon fibers are alternately arranged two (three or more).
  • the blade root preform 30 may further include a stopper 34 and a beveled transition piece 35 .
  • the blocking member 34 may be disposed at one end of the bolt sleeve 31 to prevent resin from pouring into the bolt sleeve 31 when the resin is poured.
  • the thickness (radial dimension) of the blocking member 34 may be equal to the radial dimension (dendrite of a single bolt pocket 31 ) of the bolt pocket 31 .
  • the beveled transition piece 35 can be disposed outside the blocking piece 34 , one end of the beveled transition piece 35 is in contact with the blocking piece 34 , and the other end of the beveled transition piece 35 extends away from the bolt sleeve 31 . From one end of the bevel transition piece 35 to the other end of the bevel transition piece 35, the thickness of the bevel transition piece 35 gradually decreases. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, by setting the oblique transition piece 35 , the thickness of the blade root preform 30 can be smoothly transitioned.
  • the blade root preform 30 can be manufactured by laying the outer fiber layer 33, laying the bolt sleeves 31, stoppers 34 and beveled transition pieces 35, then laying the inner fiber layer 32, and finally pouring resin to make the blade root The preform 30 is formed.
  • the embedded bolt sleeve type blade root prefabricated part 30 may also be a perforated blade root prefabricated part.
  • the perforated blade root prefabricated part does not require pre-embedded bolt sleeves, but after the fiber layer is laid and the resin is poured, it is carried out on one side of the blade root prefabricated part. Holes are drilled to form bolt holes arranged in a ring.
  • the blade root strength of the blade can be improved, and the fracture risk, manufacturing cost and weight of the blade root preform can be reduced.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic illustration of a blade according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 11 and 1 a blade according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 1 .
  • a blade 100 may include at least one of the spar 10 , the web 20 and the root preform 30 as described above.
  • a blade 100 may include all three of the spar 10 , the web 20 and the blade root preform 30 as described above.
  • the main beam 10 in the white area in FIG. 11 indicates that the fiber layer of the main beam 10 is glass fiber, and the main beam 10 in the gray area indicates that the fiber layer of the main beam 10 is carbon fiber.
  • the blade 100 may further include a main spar underlayment (not shown) disposed on the inner side (the side near the blade exterior) of each of the two main spars 10 and disposed on both main spars 10 .
  • Each of the main spar underlayment and the main spar upper layup includes carbon fibers and glass fibers sequentially arranged from the root of the blade 100 along the span direction of the blade 100 .
  • the load in each of the main spar underlayment and the main spar upper layup, by providing carbon fibers at the root section of the blade 100 and glass fibers at the tip section of the blade 100, the load can be increased.
  • the structural strength of the concentrated blade root section can be reduced, and the overall weight and manufacturing cost of the blade 100 can be reduced.
  • carbon fibers are arranged from the blade root of the blade 100 to 1/4-1/3 of the length of the blade 100, and the glass fibers and The carbon fibers overlap and are disposed spanwise of the blade 100 to the tip.
  • the blade 100 may be manufactured by the method described below.
  • the two half shells of the pressure side shell 101 and the suction side shell 102 need to be glued together by structural glue to form a blade.
  • the web 20 is bonded to the region corresponding to the main beam 10 of any one of the pressure side shell 101 and the suction side shell 102 (for example, the pressure side shell 101 in FIG.
  • the other mold of the pressure side shell 101 and the suction side shell 102 is turned over, and the two half shells are bonded together with structural adhesive.
  • the blades are bonded together, they need to undergo a curing process to form a blade with a firm structure.
  • blades of the embodiments of the present disclosure four technical effects can be achieved at the same time: 1. It can avoid the excessive deflection of the blade tip from interfering with the tower, and reduce the risk of blade sweeping the tower; 2. Make the blade tip section meet the requirements of strength and rigidity , while reducing the weight of the blade, especially the weight of the blade tip; third, reducing the manufacturing cost of the blade; and fourth, avoiding resonance between the blade and the tower.

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Abstract

一种叶片（100）的腹板（20）及叶片（100），腹板包括芯材（21）以及分别设置在芯材（21）两侧的增强部（22），其中，增强部（22）中的至少一个包括第三纤维层（22a）和第四纤维层（22b），第三纤维层（22a）和第四纤维层（22b）从腹板（20）的根部朝向腹板（20）的尖部依次设置，第三纤维层（22a）包括玻璃纤维，第四纤维层（22b）包括碳纤维，第四纤维层（22b）的比刚度大于第三纤维层（22a）的比刚度，其中，第三纤维层（22a）自腹板（20）的根部设置到腹板（20）的长度的1/2-2/3。腹板（20）可避免叶尖挠度过大与塔架干涉，降低叶片扫塔风险，使叶尖段腹板满足强度和刚度的需求，同时可减轻腹板的重量，可降低腹板的制造成本并避免叶片（100）与塔架产生共振。

Description

叶片的腹板及叶片 技术领域
本公开涉及风力发电机组技术领域，更具体地讲，本公开涉及一种叶片的腹板及叶片。
背景技术
风力发电机组用于将风能转换成电能。目前，随着风力发电机组单机容量越来越大，需要更长的叶片来捕捉风能转化为电能。
叶片包括胶接在一起的吸力面壳体和压力面壳体以及作为承力部件的主梁和腹板。随着叶片越来越长，主梁和腹板的长度也越来越长，主梁和腹板的材料对叶片的重量、强度、刚度和成本等都有影响，因此综合考虑以上因素来设计主梁和腹板是非常必要的。
发明内容
本公开的目的在于提供一种能够避免叶片的叶尖挠度过大与塔架干涉，降低叶片扫塔风险的腹板及叶片。
本公开的另一目的在于提供一种轻量、高强度和高刚度的腹板及叶片。
本公开的另一目的在于提供一种可有效地避免叶片自然频率与塔架频率间产生共振的腹板及叶片。
根据本公开的一方面，提供一种叶片的腹板，所述腹板包括芯材以及分别设置在芯材两侧的增强部，其中，所述增强部中的至少一个包括第三纤维层和第四纤维层，所述第三纤维层和所述第四纤维层从所述腹板的根部朝向所述腹板的尖部依次设置，所述第三纤维层包括玻璃纤维，所述第四纤维层包括碳纤维，所述第四纤维层的比刚度大于所述第三纤维层的比刚度，其中，所述第三纤维层自所述腹板的根部设置到所述腹板的长度的1/2-2/3。根据本公开的腹板，可避免叶尖挠度过大与塔架干涉，降低叶片扫塔风险，使叶尖段腹板满足强度和刚度的需求，同时可减轻腹板的重量，可降低腹板的制造成本并避免叶片与塔架产生共振。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种叶片，所述叶片包括如上所述的腹板。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图进行的详细描述，本公开的上述和其它目的、特点和优点将会变得更加清楚，其中：
图1是根据本公开的实施例的主梁和腹板在叶片中的安装状态的示意图；
图2是根据本公开的实施例的主梁和腹板的示意图；
图3是根据本公开的一个实施例的主梁中的纤维层的布置方式的示意图；
图4是根据本公开的另一实施例的主梁中的纤维层的布置方式的示意图；
图5是根据本公开的实施例的用于分段叶片的主梁的示意图；
图6是根据本公开的实施例的腹板的弦向截面图；
图7是根据本公开的实施例的腹板的展向截面图；
图8至图10是根据本公开的实施例的叶根预制件的示意图；
图11是根据本公开的一个实施例的叶片的示意图。
附图标记说明：10为主梁，10a为第一主梁段，10b为第二主梁段，10c为粘结层，10d为补强层，11为第一纤维层，12为第二纤维层，20为腹板，21为芯材，22为增强部，22a为第三纤维层，22b为第四纤维层，30为叶根预制件，31为螺栓套，32为内侧纤维层，33为外侧纤维层，34为阻挡件，35为斜角过渡件，100为叶片，101为压力面壳体，102为吸力面壳体。
具体实施方式
图1是根据本公开的实施例的主梁和腹板在叶片中的安装状态的示意图。图1示出了叶片的一部分在吸力面(SS)壳体和压力面(PS)壳体打开状态下的示意图。
如图1所示，叶片100可包括压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102。在安装好的叶片100中，压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102可通过例如胶结彼此结合以形成完整的壳体，提供气流通过的几何翼型。
根据本公开的实施例，叶片100还可包括主梁10。主梁10可设置在压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102中以作为承力部件。叶片100可包括分别设置在压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102中的两个主梁10。
叶片100还可包括腹板20。腹板20可支撑在压力面壳体101和吸力面 壳体102之间，用于承受剪力和弯曲力矩。可选地，叶片100可包括两个腹板20，两个腹板20彼此分开。然而，腹板20的数量不受具体限制。
图2是根据本公开的实施例的主梁和腹板的示意图。如图2所示，两个主梁10在叶片100的厚度方向上彼此相对，两个腹板20在叶片100的弦向上彼此相对并支撑两个主梁10。
根据本公开的实施例的主梁
以下，将首先参照图3至图5描述根据本公开的实施例的叶片100的主梁10。
图3是根据本公开的一个实施例的主梁中的纤维层的布置方式的示意图，图4是根据本公开的另一实施例的主梁中的纤维层的布置方式的示意图，图5是根据本公开的实施例的用于分段叶片的主梁的示意图。
如图3和图4所示，根据本公开的实施例，两个主梁10中的至少一个主梁10包括第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12。第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12从主梁10的根部(主梁10的靠近叶片100的根部的一端)朝向主梁10的尖部(主梁的靠近叶片100的叶尖的一端)依次设置，第一纤维层11包括玻璃纤维，第二纤维层12包括碳纤维，第二纤维层12的比刚度大于第一纤维层11的比刚度。
也就是说，与叶片100的叶根段(从叶片100的根部到叶片100的中间部分的区域)对应的第一纤维层11包括玻璃纤维，与叶片100的叶尖段(从叶片100的中间部分到叶片100的叶尖的区域)对应的第二纤维层12包括碳纤维，并且与叶片100的叶尖段对应的第二纤维层12的比刚度大于与叶片100的叶根段对应的第一纤维层11的比刚度。根据本公开的实施例，通过以上结构，可实现以下四方面的技术效果。
首先，由于第二纤维层12包括碳纤维，并且第二纤维层12的比刚度大于第一纤维层11的比刚度，因此可提高叶片100的叶尖段的刚性，从而可避免叶尖挠度过大与塔架干涉，降低叶片扫塔风险。
第二，对于风力发电机组的叶片来讲，从叶中到叶尖翼型的相对厚度(翼型的最大高度/弦长)一般不会超过30％，即，叶片从叶中到叶尖这一区域的腔体空间较小，而主梁需要在较小空间内满足强度和刚度的要求，所以通过使与叶片100的叶尖段对应的第二纤维层12包括碳纤维可使叶尖段主梁满足强度和刚度的需求，同时可减轻主梁的重量，尤其是叶尖段主梁的重量。
第三，现有技术中，主梁可能全部使用碳纤维制成，然而，在这种情况下，主梁的制造成本大幅度增加，根据本公开的实施例，通过在与叶片100的叶根段对应的主梁10中应用玻璃纤维，可降低主梁的制造成本。
第四，通过在与叶片100的叶尖段对应的主梁10中应用碳纤维，可通过碳纤维自身的高频率特征提高叶片100的固有频率，避免叶片100与塔架产生共振。
根据本公开的实施例，“两个主梁10中的至少一个主梁包括第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12”可包括以下情况：两个主梁10都包括第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12；两个主梁10中的一个主梁10包括第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12，两个主梁10中的另一个主梁10包括其它形式的纤维层。
根据本公开的实施例，第一纤维层11包括玻璃纤维。其中，玻璃纤维的主要成分为二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化硼、氧化镁、氧化钠等。根据玻璃中碱含量的多少，可分为无碱玻璃纤维(简称E玻纤，氧化钠0％～2％，属铝硼硅酸盐玻璃)、中碱玻璃纤维(氧化钠8％～12％，属含硼或不含硼的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃)和高碱玻璃纤维(氧化钠13％以上，属钠钙硅酸盐玻璃)。
根据本公开的实施例，第二纤维层12包括碳纤维。碳纤维为包括碳元素的一种特种纤维。碳纤维具有耐高温、抗摩擦、导电、导热及耐腐蚀等特性，外形呈纤维状、柔软、可加工成各种织物，由于其石墨微晶结构沿纤维轴择优取向，因此沿纤维轴方向有很高的强度和模量。碳纤维的密度小，故比强度和比模量高。
另外，应理解的是，第一纤维层11的比刚度和第二纤维层12的比刚度是指第一纤维层11的平均比刚度和第二纤维层12的平均比刚度。也就是说，当第一纤维层11具有多个纤维层，第二纤维层12具有多个纤维层时，第一纤维层11的比刚度是指第一纤维层11的多个纤维层的刚度的平均值，第二纤维层12的比刚度是指第二纤维层12的多个纤维层的刚度的平均值。
根据本公开的实施例，第一纤维层11可仅包括玻璃纤维，第二纤维层12可仅包括碳纤维。通过这样设置，可进一步提高叶尖区域主梁10的刚度，因此使降低叶片扫塔风险的效果最优化。
或者，根据本公开的实施例，第一纤维层11可仅包括玻璃纤维，第二纤维层12可包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者。通过这样设置，可在防止叶片扫塔的同时降低主梁的制造成本。
或者，根据本公开的实施例，第一纤维层11包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者，第二纤维层12包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者，第二纤维层12的单位体积的碳纤维的重量大于第一纤维层11的单位体积的碳纤维的重量。也就是说，在第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12都包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维的情况下，第二纤维层12中的碳纤维的设置密度高于第一纤维层11中的碳纤维的设置密度，以使第二纤维层的比刚度高于第一纤维层的比刚度。通过这样设置，与主梁10的叶根段相比，可进一步提高主梁10的叶尖段的刚度，从而避免出现扫塔事故。
根据本公开的实施例，当第一纤维层11包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者时，玻璃纤维和碳纤维按照以下方式中的任意一种方式排布：玻璃纤维和碳纤维在叶片主梁的厚度方向上错层排布，玻璃纤维设置在碳纤维上方，玻璃纤维设置在碳纤维下方。其中，基于图3和图4来确定“上方”和“下方”，并且图3和图4中的“上方”可指靠近叶片外部的区域，“下方”可指靠近叶片内腔的区域。
另外，根据本公开的实施例，当第二纤维层12包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者时，玻璃纤维和碳纤维按照以下方式中的任意一种方式排布：玻璃纤维和碳纤维在叶片主梁的厚度方向上错层排布，玻璃纤维设置在碳纤维上方，玻璃纤维设置在碳纤维下方。“上方”和“下方”按照与以上描述类似的方式来理解。
根据本公开的实施例，当叶片100包括两个主梁10时，两个主梁10中的每个主梁10可按照以上描述的方式包括第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12。并且第一纤维层11仅包括玻璃纤维，第二纤维层12仅包括碳纤维。通过这样设置，可进一步提高叶尖段主梁的刚度。
根据本公开的另一实施例，当叶片100包括两个主梁10时，两个主梁10中的一个主梁10包括第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12，并且第一纤维层11仅包括玻璃纤维，第二纤维层12仅包括碳纤维，两个主梁10中的另一个主梁10也包括纤维层，但其纤维层仅包括玻璃纤维，而不包括碳纤维。通过这样设置，可在提高主梁10的叶尖段的刚度的同时进一步降低主梁10的制造成本。
根据本公开的实施例，由于主梁需要承受叶片的拉力和弯矩，因此包括碳纤维的第二纤维层12可自主梁10的尖部一直设置到超过主梁10的长度的 1/3。第一纤维层11可自主梁10的根部设置到与第二纤维层12搭接到一起的区域。
如图3和图4所示，第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12错层设置并且搭接在一起形成搭接区域，从而将第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12连接为一个整体。
根据本公开的实施例，由于主梁需要承受叶片的拉力和弯矩，为了保证搭接质量，第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12的搭接长度(指的是第一纤维层11中的单个层与第二纤维层12中的单个层形成的搭接长度)在10cm-50cm之间。如果搭接长度小于10cm，则在搭接处主梁10的强度不足，如果搭接长度大于50cm，则会导致主梁10的重量增大。
根据本公开的实施例，如图4所示，第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12可呈阶梯型搭接。通过这样设置，可避免在第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12的搭接区域主梁10的厚度过厚。
另外，还可通过减小第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12在搭接区域的纤维密度来减小搭接区域的主梁厚度。具体而言，纤维层的厚度与纤维层的密度有关，并且随着纤维层的密度增大纤维层的厚度也增大，因此，通过减小第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12在搭接区域的纤维密度，来减小第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12在搭接区域的厚度，从而避免在第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12的搭接区域主梁10的厚度过厚。因此，根据本公开的实施例，可使第一纤维层11在搭接区域的纤维密度低于第一纤维层11在其它区域的纤维密度、第二纤维层12在搭接区域的纤维密度低于第二纤维层12在其它区域的纤维密度。
应理解的是，虽然图3和图4中示出的第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12都仅有三层，但图3和图4仅仅是示例，主梁10的第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12的具体层数不受具体限制，可根据叶片100的总体结构设计进行设计。
根据本公开的实施例，主梁10还可包括包覆浸润第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12的树脂，以使第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12成型。因此，图3和图4中，第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12的相邻纤维层之间设置有固化树脂。
作为示例，可通过以下方式中的任意一种方式来制造图3和图4中的主梁10：可首先在主梁模具中铺设第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12，然后向第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12灌注树脂并固化成型；或者可将第一纤维层11 和第二纤维层12制造成纤维预浸料，然后在主梁模具中铺设固化成型；或者可制造第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12的拉挤板，然后将其铺设成型。
根据本公开的实施例的主梁10还可适用于分段叶片。图5是根据本公开的实施例的用于分段叶片的主梁10的示意图。如图5所示，主梁10可包括第一主梁段10a和第二主梁段10b。第一主梁段10a和第二主梁段10b可通过粘结层10c和补强层10d彼此连接。
根据本公开的实施例，第一主梁段10a和第二主梁段10b的结合表面(即，第一主梁段10a和第二主梁段10b的端面)可以为倾斜表面，以增大第一主梁段10a与第二主梁段10b之间的粘结面积，提高粘接力。粘结层10c可利用具有粘性的材料形成，可选地，粘结层10c可包括结构胶。
根据本公开的实施例，为了提高第一主梁段10a和第二主梁段10b的粘结强度，还可在主梁10的粘结区域的两侧设置补强层10d。作为示例，补强层10d可以是树脂浸渍纤维。
然而，本公开不限于此，当粘结层10c的粘结强度足够时，可仅通过粘结层10c来连接第一主梁段10a和第二主梁段10b。
另外，虽然没示出，但第一主梁段10a和第二主梁段10b也可通过机械连接件(例如，螺栓)彼此连接。
根据本公开的实施例，第一主梁段10a可包括第一纤维层11，第二主梁段10b可包括第二纤维层12，第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12的具体材料可与以上参照图3和图4描述的材料相同，为了避免冗余，在此不做重复描述。
根据本公开的实施例，第二主梁段10b可自主梁10的尖部一直设置到超过主梁10的长度的1/3。
作为示例，可通过以下方式来制造图5中的主梁10：可利用第一纤维层11来制造第一主梁段10a，可利用第二纤维层12来制造第二主梁段10b，然后可将第一主梁段10a和第二主梁段10b彼此连接。在制造第一主梁段10a时，可铺设第一纤维层11然后灌注树脂并固化成型，或者可将第一纤维层11制造成纤维预浸料，然后固化成型，或者可制造第一纤维层11的拉挤板，然后将其铺设成型。可采用类似的方式来制造第二主梁段10b。
根据本公开的实施例的主梁，可同时实现四方面的技术效果：一、可避免叶尖挠度过大与塔架干涉，降低叶片扫塔风险；二、使叶尖段主梁满足强度和刚度的需求，同时可减轻主梁的重量，尤其是叶尖区域主梁的重量；三、 可降低主梁的制造成本；四、避免叶片与塔架产生共振。
根据本公开的实施例的腹板
以下，将参照图6和图7来描述根据本公开的实施例的腹板。图6是根据本公开的实施例的腹板的弦向截面图，图7是根据本公开的实施例的腹板的展向截面图。
如图6和图7所示，根据本公开的实施例的腹板20可包括芯材21以及分别设置在芯材21两侧的增强部22。
根据本公开的实施例，设置在芯材21两侧的增强部22在芯材21的两端结合到一起并朝一个方向弯曲，使腹板20整体上形成类似于C型的盒式结构，以提供叶片的强度和刚度。
根据本公开的实施例，设置在芯材21两侧的两个增强部22中的至少一个可包括第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b。第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b从腹板20的根部(腹板20的靠近叶片100的根部的一端)朝向腹板20的尖部(腹板20的靠近叶片100的叶尖的一端)依次设置，第三纤维层22a包括玻璃纤维，第四纤维层22b包括碳纤维，第四纤维层22b的比刚度大于第三纤维层22a的比刚度。
也就是说，与叶片100的叶根段(沿着叶片展向，从叶片100的根部到叶片100的中间部分的区域)对应的第三纤维层22a包括玻璃纤维，与叶片100的叶尖段(沿着叶片展向，从叶片100的中间部分到叶片100的叶尖的区域)对应的第四纤维层22b包括碳纤维，并且第四纤维层22b的比刚度大于第三纤维层22a的比刚度。根据本公开的实施例，通过以上结构，可实现以下四方面的技术效果。
首先，由于第四纤维层22b包括碳纤维，并且第四纤维层22b的比刚度大于第三纤维层22a的比刚度，因此可提高叶片100的叶尖段的刚性，从而可避免叶尖挠度过大与塔架干涉，降低叶片扫塔风险。
第二，对于风力发电机组的叶片来讲，腹板主要承受叶片的剪切力，尤其是从距叶尖1/3长度到叶尖这段，叶片比较薄，比较软，而腹板需要在较小空间内满足强度和刚度的要求，所以通过使与叶片100的叶尖段对应的第四纤维层22b包括碳纤维可使叶尖段腹板满足强度和刚度的需求，同时可减轻腹板的重量，尤其是叶尖段腹板的重量。
第三，由于叶片叶根段壳体较厚，在叶根段，刚度及频率不会对腹板造 成较大影响，因此，根据本公开的实施例，通过在与叶片100的叶根段对应的腹板20中应用玻璃纤维，可降低腹板的制造成本，而在叶尖段对应的腹板腹板20中应用碳纤维，可以满足叶尖段的刚度和强度要求。
第四，通过在与叶片100的叶尖段对应的腹板20中应用碳纤维，可通过碳纤维自身的高频率特征提高叶片100的固有频率，避免叶片100与塔架产生共振。
根据本公开的实施例，增强部22中的每个可包括第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b。
另外，应理解的是，第三纤维层22a的比刚度和第四纤维层22b的比刚度是指第三纤维层22a的平均比刚度和第四纤维层22b的平均比刚度。也就是说，当第三纤维层22a具有多个纤维层，第四纤维层22b具有多个纤维层时，第三纤维层22a的比刚度是指第三纤维层22a的多个纤维层的刚度的平均值，第四纤维层22b的比刚度是指第四纤维层22b的多个纤维层的刚度的平均值。
根据本公开的实施例，第三纤维层22a可仅包括玻璃纤维，第四纤维层22b可仅包括碳纤维。通过这样设置，可进一步提高叶尖区域腹板20的刚度，因此使降低叶片扫塔风险的效果最优化。
或者，根据本公开的实施例，第三纤维层22a可仅包括玻璃纤维，第四纤维层22b可包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者。通过这样设置，可在防止叶片扫塔的同时降低腹板的制造成本。
或者，根据本公开的实施例，第三纤维层22a包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者，第四纤维层22b包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者，第四纤维层22b的单位体积的碳纤维的重量大于第三纤维层22a的单位体积的碳纤维的重量。也就是说，在第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b都包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维的情况下，第四纤维层22b中的碳纤维的设置密度高于第三纤维层22a中的碳纤维的设置密度，以使第二纤维层的比刚度高于第一纤维层的比刚度。通过这样设置，与腹板20的叶根段相比，可进一步提高腹板20的叶尖段的刚度，从而避免出现扫塔事故。
根据本公开的实施例，当第三纤维层22a包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者时，玻璃纤维和碳纤维按照以下方式中的任意一种方式排布：玻璃纤维和碳纤维在叶片腹板的厚度方向上错层排布，玻璃纤维设置在碳纤维上方，玻璃纤维 设置在碳纤维下方。其中，基于图7来确定“上方”和“下方”，并且“上方”可指远离芯材21的方向，“下方”可指靠近芯材21的方向。
另外，根据本公开的实施例，当第四纤维层22b包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者时，玻璃纤维和碳纤维按照以下方式中的任意一种方式排布：玻璃纤维和碳纤维在叶片腹板的厚度方向上错层排布，玻璃纤维设置在碳纤维上方，玻璃纤维设置在碳纤维下方。“上方”和“下方”按照与以上描述类似的方式来理解。
根据本公开的实施例，当叶片100包括两个腹板20时，两个腹板20中的每个腹板20可具有图6和图7中示出的结构。当然，图6只是示意性的给出腹板的结构，腹板还可以是类似于Z型的结构，类似于“工”型的结构等，即只要满足叶片受力作用的腹板结构均可。叶片100还可以是单腹板结构，即在叶片壳体内只设置一个腹板20；或者，腹板也可以是与叶片壳体或主梁一体成型的结构。
根据本公开的实施例，第三纤维层22a可自腹板20的根部一直设置到腹板20的长度的1/2-2/3。第四纤维层22b可自腹板20的尖部设置到与第三纤维层22a搭接到一起的区域，以在较小空间内满足强度和刚度的要求。因为腹板主要承受的是剪切力，因此，将第三纤维层22a自腹板20的根部一直设置到腹板20的长度的1/2-2/3的范围，即可以满足腹板的受力要求，同时可以最大程度的降低腹板制造的材料成本。
如图7所示，第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b错层设置并且搭接在一起形成搭接区域，从而将第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b连接为一个整体。
根据本公开的实施例，由于腹板主要承担叶片的剪切力，为了保证搭接质量，第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b的搭接长度(指的是第三纤维层22a中的单个层与第四纤维层22b中的单个层形成的搭接长度)在5cm-30cm之间。如果搭接长度小于5cm，则在搭接处腹板20的强度不足，如果搭接长度大于30cm，则会导致腹板20的重量增大。
根据本公开的实施例，与第一纤维层11和第二纤维层12类似，第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b可呈阶梯型搭接。通过这样设置，可避免在第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b的搭接区域腹板20的厚度过厚。
另外，还可通过减小第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b在搭接区域的纤维密度来减小搭接区域的腹板厚度。具体而言，纤维层的厚度与纤维层的密 度有关，并且随着纤维层的密度增大纤维层的厚度也增大，因此，通过减小第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b在搭接区域的纤维密度，来减小第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b在搭接区域的厚度，从而避免在第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b的搭接区域腹板20的厚度过厚。因此，根据本公开的实施例，可使第三纤维层22a在搭接区域的纤维密度低于第三纤维层22a在其它区域的纤维密度、第四纤维层22b在搭接区域的纤维密度低于第四纤维层22b在其它区域的纤维密度。
应理解的是，虽然图7中示出的第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b都仅有三层，但图7仅仅是示例，腹板20的第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b的具体层数不受具体限制，可根据叶片100的总体结构设计进行设计。
根据本公开的实施例，增强部22还可包括包覆浸润第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b的树脂，以使第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b成型。因此，图6和图7中，第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b的相邻纤维层之间设置有固化树脂。
作为示例，可通过以下方式中的任意一种方式来制造图6和图7中的腹板20：在腹板模具中铺设一个增强部22的第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b；铺设芯材21；在芯材21上铺设另一增强部22的第三纤维层22a和第四纤维层22b；灌注树脂，使腹板20成型。
根据本公开的实施例的腹板，可同时实现四方面的技术效果：一、可避免叶尖挠度过大与塔架干涉，降低叶片扫塔风险；二、使叶尖段腹板满足强度和刚度的需求，同时可减轻腹板的重量；三、可降低腹板的制造成本；四、避免叶片与塔架产生共振。
根据本公开的实施例的叶根预制件
以下，将参照图8至图10描述根据本公开的实施例的叶根预制件。
图8至图10是根据本公开的实施例的叶根预制件的示意图。
如图8至图10所示，根据本公开的实施例的叶根预制件30包括沿环向布置的螺栓套31以及覆盖螺栓套31的纤维层，纤维层包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
由于叶片的叶根承受载荷较大，因此需要提高叶根预制件30的强度。然而，如果全部采用碳纤维作为叶根预制件30的铺层，一方面制造成本高，另一方面叶根预制件30的铺层厚度不足，增大断裂风险。
根据本公开的实施例，通过使纤维层包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者，可同时实现以下技术效果：满足叶根预制件30的强度要求、降低叶根预制件30的断裂风险、制造成本和重量。
根据本公开的实施例，纤维层可包括设置在螺栓套31的径向内侧的内侧纤维层32和设置在螺栓套31的径向外侧的外侧纤维层33。内侧纤维层32和外侧纤维层33的具体层数不受具体限制，可根据结构设计来确定。
作为一个示例，如图8所示，内侧纤维层32为玻璃纤维，外侧纤维层33为碳纤维。当内侧纤维层32和外侧纤维层33都具有多个层时，内侧纤维层32的每一层都是玻璃纤维，外侧纤维层33的每一层都是碳纤维。
作为另一示例，如图9所示，内侧纤维层32为碳纤维，外侧纤维层33为玻璃纤维。当内侧纤维层32和外侧纤维层33都具有多个层时，内侧纤维层32的每一层都是碳纤维，外侧纤维层33的每一层都是玻璃纤维。
作为另一示例，内侧纤维层32和外侧纤维层33均包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维(如图10所示)。根据本公开的实施例，虽然没有示出，但在内侧纤维层32和外侧纤维层33中的每个中，玻璃纤维和碳纤维可错层布置。“错层布置”不仅指玻璃纤维和碳纤维一个一个交替布置的情况，还指玻璃纤维和碳纤维两(三或更多)个两(三或更多)个交替布置的情况。
根据本公开的实施例，如图8至图10所示，叶根预制件30还可包括阻挡件34和斜角过渡件35。根据本公开的实施例，阻挡件34可设置在螺栓套31的一端，以防止灌注树脂时树脂灌入螺栓套31内。作为示例，阻挡件34的厚度(径向尺寸)可与螺栓套31的径向尺寸(单个螺栓套31的枝晶)相等。
斜角过渡件35可设置在阻挡件34外侧，斜角过渡件35的一端与阻挡件34接触，斜角过渡件35的另一端朝远离螺栓套31的方向延伸。从斜角过渡件35的一端到斜角过渡件35的另一端，斜角过渡件35的厚度逐渐减小。根据本公开的实施例，通过设置斜角过渡件35，可使叶根预制件30的厚度平缓过渡。
作为示例，可通过以下方式来制造叶根预制件30：铺设外侧纤维层33，铺设螺栓套31、阻挡件34和斜角过渡件35，然后铺设内侧纤维层32，最后灌注树脂以使叶根预制件30成型。
以上描述的是预埋螺栓套型的叶根预制件30，根据本公开的实施例的叶 根预制件还可以是打孔型的叶根预制件。与预埋螺栓套型的叶根预制件30相比，打孔型的叶根预制件不需要预埋螺栓套，而是在铺设纤维层并灌注树脂后，在叶根预制件的一侧进行打孔形成环状布置的螺栓孔。
根据本公开的实施例的叶根预制件，可提高叶片的叶根强度，并降低叶根预制件的断裂风险、制造成本和重量。
根据本公开的实施例的叶片
图11是根据本公开的一个实施例的叶片的示意图。
以下，将参照图11和图1描述根据本公开的实施例的叶片。
如图1和图11所示，根据本公开的实施例的叶片100可包括如上所述的主梁10、腹板20和叶根预制件30中的至少一个。
优选地，根据本公开的实施例的叶片100可包括如上所述的主梁10、腹板20和叶根预制件30三者。图11中的白色区域的主梁10表示主梁10的纤维层为玻璃纤维，灰色区域的主梁10表示主梁10的纤维层为碳纤维。
此外，根据本公开的实施例的叶片100还可包括设置在两个主梁10中的每个的内侧(靠近叶片外部的一侧)的主梁下铺层(未示出)和设置在两个主梁10中的每个的外侧(靠近叶片内腔的一侧)的主梁上铺层(未示出)。
主梁下铺层和主梁上铺层中的每个包括自叶片100的叶根沿叶片100的展向依次设置的碳纤维和玻璃纤维。
根据本公开的实施例，在主梁下铺层和主梁上铺层中的每个中，通过在叶片100的叶根段设置碳纤维，在叶片100的叶尖段设置玻璃纤维，可提高载荷集中的叶根段的结构强度，并且可降低叶片100整体的重量和制造成本。
根据本公开的实施例，在主梁下铺层和主梁上铺层中的每个中，碳纤维自叶片100的叶根设置到叶片100的长度的1/4-1/3，玻璃纤维与碳纤维搭接并沿叶片100的展向设置到叶尖。
根据本公开的实施例，在叶片100的展向上，与图4中主梁10的纤维层的搭接方式类似，主梁下铺层和主梁上铺层中的碳纤维和玻璃纤维也可呈阶梯型搭接。
作为示例，可通过以下描述的方法来制造叶片100。
首先将叶根预制件30放到叶片壳体模具内，然后再铺放主梁下铺层、芯材、主梁10和主梁上铺层，铺设完成后使用真空灌注工艺灌注固化，制备压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102。叶片铺层时，在固化前，需要在主梁10的 碳纤维段主梁下方(主梁10外表面)加一层避雷金属网连接到叶片接闪器上防雷，避免叶片使用碳纤维被雷击损伤。
在压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102制备好后，需要将压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102这两个半壳体通过结构胶粘接起来形成一支叶片。在这之前先将腹板20粘接在压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102中的任意一个(例如，图1中的压力面壳体101)的与主梁10对应的区域，待腹板20粘接固化后，将压力面壳体101和吸力面壳体102中的另一个的模具翻转将这两个半壳体用结构胶粘接在一起。叶片粘接在一起后需要经过固化过程形成一支结构牢固的叶片。
根据本公开的实施例的叶片，可同时实现四方面的技术效果：一、可避免叶尖挠度过大与塔架干涉，降低叶片扫塔风险；二、使叶尖段满足强度和刚度的需求，同时可减轻叶片的重量，尤其是叶尖重量；三、可降低叶片的制造成本；四、避免叶片与塔架产生共振。
尽管已经参照其示例性实施例具体描述了本公开的示例性实施例，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，在不脱离权利要求所限定的本公开的精神和范围的情况下，可以对其进行形式和细节上的各种改变。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种叶片的腹板，其特征在于，所述腹板包括芯材以及分别设置在芯材两侧的增强部，
    其中，所述增强部中的至少一个包括第三纤维层和第四纤维层，所述第三纤维层和所述第四纤维层从所述腹板的根部朝向所述腹板的尖部依次设置，所述第三纤维层包括玻璃纤维，所述第四纤维层包括碳纤维，所述第四纤维层的比刚度大于所述第三纤维层的比刚度，
    其中，所述第三纤维层自所述腹板的根部设置到所述腹板的长度的1/2-2/3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的腹板，其特征在于，所述第三纤维层和所述第四纤维层错层设置并且搭接在一起形成搭接区域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的腹板，其特征在于，所述第三纤维层和所述第四纤维层的搭接长度在5cm-30cm之间。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的腹板，其特征在于，所述第三纤维层和所述第四纤维层呈阶梯型搭接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的腹板，其特征在于，所述第三纤维层在所述搭接区域的纤维密度低于所述第三纤维层在其它区域的纤维密度，所述第四纤维层在所述搭接区域的纤维密度低于所述第四纤维层在其它区域的纤维密度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的腹板，其特征在于，所述第三纤维层仅包括玻璃纤维，所述第四纤维层仅包括碳纤维。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的腹板，其特征在于，所述第三纤维层仅包括玻璃纤维，所述第四纤维层包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的腹板，其特征在于，所述第三纤维层包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者，所述第四纤维层包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维二者，所述第四纤维层的单位体积的碳纤维的重量大于所述第三纤维层的单位体积的碳纤维的重量。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的腹板，其特征在于，在所述第三纤维层中，玻璃纤维和碳纤维按照以下方式中的任意一种方式排布：所述玻璃纤维和所述碳纤维在所述腹板的厚度方向上错层排布，所述玻璃纤维设置在所述碳纤维上方，所述玻璃纤维设置在所述碳纤维下方。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的腹板，其特征在于，在所述第四纤维层中，玻璃纤维和碳纤维按照以下方式中的任意一种方式排布：所述玻璃纤维和所述碳纤维在所述腹板的厚度方向上错层排布，所述玻璃纤维设置在所述碳纤维上方，所述玻璃纤维设置在所述碳纤维下方。
  11. 一种叶片，其特征在于，所述叶片包括根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的腹板。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的叶片，其特征在于，所述叶片还包括叶根预制件，所述叶根预制件包括纤维层，所述纤维层包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的叶片，其特征在于，所述叶根预制件包括沿环向布置的螺栓套，所述纤维层包括设置在所述螺栓套的径向内侧的内侧纤维层和设置在所述螺栓套的径向外侧的外侧纤维层，
    所述内侧纤维层为玻璃纤维，所述外侧纤维层为碳纤维，或者所述内侧纤维层为碳纤维，所述外侧纤维层为玻璃纤维，或者
    所述内侧纤维层和所述外侧纤维层均包括玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的叶片，其特征在于，在所述内侧纤维层和所述外侧纤维层中的每个中，玻璃纤维和碳纤维错层布置。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的叶片，其特征在于，所述叶片还包括主梁以及设置在所述主梁的外侧的主梁下铺层和设置在所述主梁的内侧的主梁上铺层，所述主梁下铺层和所述主梁上铺层中的每个包括从所述叶片的叶根朝向所述叶片的叶尖依次设置的碳纤维和玻璃纤维，所述碳纤维自所述叶片的叶根设置到所述叶片的长度的1/4-1/3。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的叶片，其特征在于，在所述主梁下铺层和所述主梁上铺层中的每个中，所述碳纤维和所述玻璃纤维呈阶梯型搭接。
PCT/CN2022/083301 2021-12-29 2022-03-28 叶片的腹板及叶片 Ceased WO2023123712A1 (zh)

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