WO2023123735A1 - 一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2023123735A1
WO2023123735A1 PCT/CN2022/086040 CN2022086040W WO2023123735A1 WO 2023123735 A1 WO2023123735 A1 WO 2023123735A1 CN 2022086040 W CN2022086040 W CN 2022086040W WO 2023123735 A1 WO2023123735 A1 WO 2023123735A1
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welding
laser
gas
pipeline steel
laser welding
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French (fr)
Inventor
沈鑫珺
王晓南
陈龙
张庆宇
胡增荣
刘珍光
孙茜
邸洪双
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Suzhou University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and in particular relates to a laser welding method for improving the strength and toughness of weld seams, specifically a laser welding method for improving the strength and toughness of weld seams of high-grade pipeline steel by regulating and controlling shielding gas to induce acicular ferrite .
  • the cumulative heat input during multi-pass welding of arc welding will expand the heat-affected zone, coarsen the grains of the welded joint, and further reduce the mechanical properties of the welded joint, especially the low-temperature impact toughness of the joint is significantly lower than that of the base metal ( ⁇ 10% of the base metal impact energy), which greatly reduces the safety and reliability of pipeline steel.
  • high-power lasers can achieve single-pass penetration of medium and thick plates, and have the advantages of fast welding speed, large aspect ratio, small thermal deformation, narrow heat-affected zone and high degree of automation. It has broad application prospects.
  • the weld seam is an important part of the welded joint, and its tissue type determines the performance of the weld seam. It is well known that acicular ferrite has positive effects in deflecting crack propagation direction, hindering crack propagation and improving toughness due to its interlocking structure and grain refinement.
  • inert gas argon or helium
  • inert gas argon or helium
  • the microstructure in the laser welded seam of high-grade pipeline steel is mainly bainite and martensite with poor toughness, and acicular ferrite welded seam with high volume fraction can rarely be produced in laser welded seam organize.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser welding method that improves the strength and toughness of the weld.
  • the method provided by the invention realizes the strength and toughness of the weld, reduces welding costs, and significantly improves welding efficiency.
  • the invention provides a laser welding method for improving the strength and toughness of the weld, comprising:
  • the high-grade pipeline steel is laser welded to induce the formation of acicular ferrite in the weld;
  • the shielding gas includes:
  • the protective gas further includes: compressed air.
  • the flow rate of the compressed air is 0-40 L/min.
  • the blowing mode of the compressed air is coaxial blowing.
  • the inert gas includes:
  • the oxidizing active gas includes:
  • the flow rate of the protective gas is 0-45L/min.
  • the blowing method of the oxidizing gas is side blowing.
  • the blowing angle of the side blowing is 0-75°.
  • the volume content of the inert gas in the protective gas is ⁇ 100%.
  • the inventive method of the present invention introduces a mixture of inert gas and oxidizing gas in the laser welding process, and under the action of strong ionization and irradiation of laser, oxygen ions produced by ionization of oxidizing gas (CO 2 ) and metal elements in the molten pool
  • the reaction produces a large number of Ti 2 O 3 -MnO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 composite inclusions with a size of about 1 ⁇ m; this composite inclusion can absorb manganese ions of about 124 nm around itself into its interior, resulting in a local area around the inclusion
  • the manganese-depleted area is formed; the manganese-deficient area increases the nucleation driving force of acicular ferrite, resulting in the formation of acicular ferrite with a volume fraction of up to 92% in laser welding of high-grade pipeline steel.
  • the density of inclusions in the weld metal increases by 4 times compared with that of pure inert gas, and the impact energy increases by more than 8 times; this is mainly because the laser is more concentrated than the arc energy and ionizes the oxidizing gas more thoroughly. caused by.
  • the introduction of oxidizing gas can perfectly solve the problem of argon holes in laser welding of thick plates, which greatly improves the welding quality of the weld and improves the reliability of the welded joint.
  • the invention can generate effective inclusions in the laser welding seam region of high-grade pipeline steel and successfully induce the formation of acicular ferrite, and has the advantages of simple operation, high operating efficiency, and good quality of welded joints compared with arc welding. Good, and the advantage of reducing welding and production costs.
  • Fig. 1 is the flow chart of laser welding in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure diagram of X100 pipeline steel in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure diagram of the laser weld seam that embodiment 1 of the present invention obtains;
  • Fig. 4 is the metallographic structure diagram of the laser weld seam that the embodiment 2 of the present invention obtains;
  • Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure diagram of the laser weld seam that embodiment 3 of the present invention obtains
  • Example 6 is a composition distribution diagram of inclusions in laser welds obtained in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is the metallographic structure diagram of the laser welding seam that comparative example 1 of the present invention obtains
  • Fig. 8 is the component distribution figure of the inclusion in the laser welding seam that comparative example 1 of the present invention obtains;
  • Fig. 9 is the statistical diagram of the impact energy of the welds obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 at -40°C (the dotted line is the impact energy of the base metal at -40°C);
  • Fig. 10 is a stress-strain statistical graph of the welds obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 (wherein the dotted line is the strength requirement of the national standard for X100 pipeline steel: ⁇ 760 MPa).
  • the invention provides a laser welding method for improving the strength and toughness of the weld, comprising:
  • the process flow chart of the laser welding method is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the protective gas includes:
  • the inert gas is preferably selected from argon and/or helium.
  • the oxidatively active gas is preferably selected from carbon dioxide and/or oxygen.
  • the protective gas is preferably two combinations, three combinations or four combinations of argon, helium, carbon dioxide and oxygen, and the protective gas must contain an inert gas.
  • the volume content of the inert gas in the protective gas is preferably ⁇ 100%, more preferably 10%-90%, more preferably 20-80%, more preferably 30-70%, more preferably 40% -60%, most preferably 50-60%.
  • the volume content in the protective gas is preferably 15-100%, more preferably 20-90%, more preferably 30-80%, more preferably 40-70% %, most preferably 50-60%.
  • the volume content in the protective gas is preferably ⁇ 20%, more preferably 1% to 20%, more preferably 5% to 15%, most preferably 10% to 15%.
  • the gas blowing method during the laser welding process is preferably side blowing; the gas flow rate is preferably 0-45L/min, more preferably 5-40L/min, More preferably 10-35 L/min, more preferably 15-30 L/min, most preferably 20-25 L/min.
  • the blowing angle is preferably 0-75°, more preferably 5-70°, more preferably 10-60°, more preferably 20-50° °, most preferably 30-40°; the horizontal distance from the blowing position of the protective gas to the laser spot is preferably 2mm-25mm, more preferably 5-20mm, most preferably 10-15mm.
  • the protective gas preferably further includes: compressed air.
  • the volume content of nitrogen in the compressed air is preferably 75-85%, more preferably 78-82%, most preferably 79%; the volume content of oxygen in the compressed air is preferably 15-25% , more preferably 18 to 22%, most preferably 19%.
  • the gas blowing method in the laser welding process is preferably coaxial gas blowing; the gas flow is preferably 0-40L/min, more preferably 5-35L/min, more preferably 10 to 30 L/min, more preferably 15 to 25 L/min, most preferably 20 L/min.
  • the protective gas preferably includes: inert gas, oxidizing active gas, and compressed air.
  • inert gas, oxidizing active gas, and compressed air simultaneously in the laser welding process; the blowing mode of inert gas and oxidizing active gas is side blowing; the blowing mode of compressed air is coaxial blowing, in order to protect Laser optics are contaminated by spatter.
  • composition of the high-grade pipeline steel is:
  • the balance is Fe.
  • the mass content of the C is preferably 0.038-0.042%, more preferably 0.041%; the mass content of the Si is preferably 0.23-0.27%, more preferably 0.25%; the mass content of the Mn is preferably 1.8-2.2%, more preferably 1.87%; the mass content of Al is preferably 0.0026-0.0029%, more preferably 0.0027-0.0028%; the mass content of Ti is preferably 0.012-0.018%, more preferably 0.014% ⁇ 0.016%; the mass content of the Ni is preferably 0.23 ⁇ 0.27%, more preferably 0.25%; the mass content of the Cr is preferably 0.23 ⁇ 0.27%, more preferably 0.25%; the mass content of the Cu is preferably 0.18-0.22%, more preferably 0.2%; the mass content of Mo is preferably 0.18-0.22%, more preferably 0.2%; the mass content of Nb is preferably 0.061-0.064%, more preferably 0.062-0.063% .
  • the high-grade pipeline steel is preferably a plate; the thickness of the plate is preferably 5-50 mm, more preferably 10-40 mm, and most preferably 20-30 mm.
  • the surface of the high-grade pipeline steel is preferably cleaned before the laser welding; the cleaning reagent preferably includes acetone or absolute ethanol.
  • the high-grade pipeline steel is preferably placed on the welding workbench and fixed with welding fixtures.
  • laser parameter setting and robot welding programming are preferably performed in the laser welding process, and the robot laser welding program is written according to the welding path, welding order and welding direction and the target point is taught.
  • single-pass laser welding can be performed according to the thickness of the high-grade pipeline steel, and the front and back sides can also be alternately welded.
  • the alternate welding is preferably 1 to 6 passes of laser welding, more preferably 2 to 5 passes, most preferably 3 to 4 passes.
  • the laser in the laser welding process is preferably selected from one of fiber lasers, CO2 lasers and semiconductor lasers; the laser welding mode is preferably selected from one of continuous laser welding, pulsed laser and swing laser welding
  • the welding method is preferably selected from one of overhead welding, flat welding, vertical upward welding, vertical downward welding, internal welding, external welding and ring welding.
  • the included angle between the laser direction and the vertical axis direction of the high-grade pipeline steel during the laser welding process is preferably 0-15°, more preferably 5-10°, and most preferably 6-8°.
  • the parameters in the laser welding process are set as follows: the laser power is preferably 300W to 20kW, more preferably 1 to 15kW, more preferably 5 to 10kW, most preferably 6 to 8kW; the welding speed is preferably 10cm/min ⁇ 40m/min, more preferably 50cm/min ⁇ 30m/min, more preferably 1 ⁇ 20m/min, more preferably 5 ⁇ 15m/min, more preferably 8 ⁇ 12m/min, most preferably 10m /min; defocus amount is preferably -20 ⁇ 10mm, more preferably -15 ⁇ 5mm, most preferably -10 ⁇ 1mm; spot diameter is preferably 0.1 ⁇ 6mm, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ 4mm, more preferably 0.6 ⁇ 2mm , most preferably 0.8 to 1 mm.
  • the metallographic structure of the weld is mainly acicular ferrite, and the volume fraction of acicular ferrite in the metallographic structure is ⁇ 80%, and the rest is granular bainite, lath bainite A mixed structure of any proportion of tensite, martensite and Mayor components.
  • the present invention proposes a laser welding method that induces acicular ferrite by regulating and controlling the shielding gas, and improves the strength and toughness of high-grade pipeline steel weld seams.
  • the oxygen ions decomposed under the strong ionization of the laser react with the metal ions in the laser molten pool to form Ti 2 O 3 -MnO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 composite inclusions; the manganese-poor region around the inclusions induces laser welding
  • the formation of a large amount of acicular ferrite in the seam realizes the strength and toughness matching of the weld, reduces the welding cost, and significantly improves the welding efficiency.
  • a laser welding method for enhancing the strength and toughness of high-grade pipeline steel weld seams comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) cleaning before welding, using an organic liquid to clean the surface of the oily high-grade pipeline steel workpiece;
  • Step (2) clamping, placing the high-grade pipeline steel workpiece processed in step (1) on the welding workbench, and fixing it with welding fixtures;
  • Step (3) select the type and content of suitable shielding gas mixed gas
  • Step (4) laser parameter setting and robot welding programming, and according to the welding path, welding sequence and welding direction, write the robot laser welding program and teach the target point;
  • step (5) laser welding is performed on the high-grade pipeline steel to induce the formation of acicular ferrite in the weld seam, and a pendulum impact test and a tensile test are performed on the weld seam.
  • Step (1) Use absolute ethanol to remove oil stains on the surface of high-grade pipeline steel plates;
  • Step (2) assemble two pieces of high-grade pipeline steel plates on the welding jig, the gap between the two plates is 0mm, and no bevel is opened;
  • the protective gas is a mixture of 80% Ar+20% CO 2 (volume percentage), the gas flow rate is 30L/min, the protective gas is blown sideways, the blowing angle is 15°, and the blowing position is at the level of the laser spot The distance is about 15mm; select compressed air at the same time, wherein the volume content of oxygen is 21%, the volume content of nitrogen is 79%, blowing coaxially, the gas flow rate is 30L/min, and the laser lens is protected from splash pollution; step (4) and step ( 5) Use the CWX-3KW fiber laser to perform laser tailor welding on two high-grade pipeline steel plates.
  • the welding power is 3000W, the welding speed is 30cm/min, the defocus is 0mm, and the spot diameter is 0.30mm.
  • Example 1 the thickness of the two high-grade pipeline steel plates is 6 mm, the model is X100, and the strength grade is 700 MPa.
  • the structure of the high-grade pipeline steel plates is granular bainite.
  • Figure 2 the high-grade pipeline steel The ingredients are shown in Table 1.
  • the metallographic sample of 20 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 6 mm was cut out of the welded sample by a CNC wire cutting machine, and after inlaying, grinding, polishing and corrosion, the metallographic sample was observed with an Olympus-X53 metallographic microscope, and the obtained The metallographic structure of the laser weld as shown in Figure 3; from Figure 3, it can be clearly seen that the off-white slender acicular ferrite structure.
  • the welded sample was processed into an impact sample with a size of 55 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4mm, and a V-groove was processed at the weld with a broach.
  • the low-temperature impact test of the sample was carried out, and the test results (Statistical results of impact energy of different shielding gases) As shown in Figure 9, the impact energy of the weld at -40°C increases with the increase of CO 2 content in the shielding gas, and the impact energy of 20% CO 2 is 14J.
  • the welded sample is processed into a tensile sample, and the tensile test is carried out on the universal tensile machine (according to the standard GB/T228.1-2010), the tensile speed is 3mm/min, and the test results (tensile statistical results )
  • the weld strength reaches a maximum of 775MPa under the condition of 20% CO 2 , meeting the requirement of pipeline steel strength ⁇ 760MPa.
  • a laser welding method for enhancing the strength and toughness of high-grade pipeline steel weld seams comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) cleaning before welding, using an organic liquid to clean the surface of the oily high-grade pipeline steel workpiece;
  • Step (2) clamping, placing the high-grade pipeline steel workpiece processed in step (1) on the welding workbench, and fixing it with welding fixtures;
  • Step (3) select the type and content of suitable shielding gas mixed gas
  • Step (4) laser parameter setting and robot welding programming, and according to the welding path, welding sequence and welding direction, write the robot laser welding program and teach the target point;
  • step (5) laser welding is performed on the high-grade pipeline steel to induce the formation of acicular ferrite in the weld seam, and a pendulum impact test and a tensile test are performed on the weld seam.
  • Step (1) Use absolute ethanol to remove oil stains on the surface of high-grade pipeline steel plates;
  • Step (2) assemble two pieces of high-grade pipeline steel plates on the welding jig, the gap between the two plates is 0mm, and no bevel is opened;
  • Step (3) Select the mixed gas of 40% Ar+60% CO 2 (volume percentage content), the gas flow rate is 30L/min, the side blowing protective gas is used, the blowing angle is 15°, and the blowing position is at the level of the laser spot The distance is about 15mm; at the same time, use compressed air, wherein the volume content of oxygen is 21%, and the content of nitrogen gas is 79%, blowing coaxially, the gas flow rate is 30L/min, to protect the laser lens from splash pollution; step (4) And step (5) using a CWX-3KW fiber laser to perform laser tailor welding on two high-grade pipeline steel plates, the welding power is 3000W, the welding speed is 30cm/min, the defocus is 0mm, and the spot diameter is 0.30mm.
  • the thickness of the two high-grade pipeline steel plates in Example 2 is both 6 mm, the model is X100, and the strength grade is 700 MPa.
  • the structure of the high-grade pipeline steel plates is granular bainite, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the composition is shown in Table 1.
  • the metallographic sample of 20 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 6 mm was cut out of the welded sample by a CNC wire cutting machine, and after inlaying, grinding, polishing and corrosion, the metallographic sample was observed with an Olympus-X53 metallographic microscope, and the obtained The metallographic structure of the laser weld as shown in Figure 4; from Figure 4, it can be clearly seen that the off-white slender acicular ferrite structure.
  • the welded sample is processed into an impact sample with a size of 55 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4mm, and a V-groove is processed at the weld with a broach, and the low-temperature impact test of the sample is carried out at -40°C
  • the detection method is the same as in Example 1), and the detection results are shown in Figure 9.
  • the impact energy of the weld seam shows an upward trend with the increase of CO2 content in the shielding gas, and the impact energy of 60% CO2 is 27J.
  • welded sample is processed tensile sample, carries out tensile test (same as embodiment 1 detection method) on universal tensile machine, and tensile speed is 3mm/min, and detection result is as shown in Figure 10, by It can be seen from the figure that as the CO 2 content in the shielding gas increases, the weld strength reaches a maximum of 800MPa under the condition of 60% CO 2 , meeting the requirement of pipeline steel strength ⁇ 760MPa.
  • a laser welding method for enhancing the strength and toughness of high-grade pipeline steel weld seams comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) cleaning before welding, using an organic liquid to clean the surface of the oily high-grade pipeline steel workpiece;
  • Step (2) clamping, placing the high-grade pipeline steel workpiece processed in step (1) on the welding workbench, and fixing it with welding fixtures;
  • Step (3) select the type and content of suitable shielding gas mixed gas
  • Step (4) laser parameter setting and robot welding programming, and according to the welding path, welding sequence and welding direction, write the robot laser welding program and teach the target point;
  • step (5) laser welding is performed on the high-grade pipeline steel to induce the formation of acicular ferrite in the weld seam, and a pendulum impact test and a tensile test are performed on the weld seam.
  • Step (1) Use absolute ethanol to remove oil stains on the surface of high-grade pipeline steel plates;
  • Step (2) assemble two pieces of high-grade pipeline steel plates on the welding jig, the gap between the two plates is 0mm, and no bevel is opened;
  • Step (3) Select 100% CO2 protective gas, the gas flow rate is 30L/min, use side blowing protective gas, the blowing angle is 15°, and the horizontal distance between the blowing position and the laser spot is about 15mm; at the same time, use compressed air, Wherein the oxygen volume content is 21%, the nitrogen volume content is 79%, coaxial blowing, the gas flow rate is 30L/min, and the protection laser lens is polluted by splashing;
  • Step (4) and step (5) utilize CWX-3KW fiber laser to two Laser tailor welding is performed on a high-grade pipeline steel plate, the welding power is 3000W, the welding speed is 30cm/min, the defocus is 0mm, and the spot diameter is 0.30mm.
  • Example 3 the thickness of the two high-grade pipeline steel plates is 6 mm, the model is X100, and the strength grade is 700 MPa.
  • the structure of the high-grade pipeline steel plates is granular bainite, as shown in Figure 2. The ingredients are shown in Table 1.
  • the metallographic sample of 20 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 6 mm was cut out of the welded sample by a CNC wire cutting machine, and after inlaying, grinding, polishing and corrosion, the metallographic sample was observed with an Olympus-X53 metallographic microscope, and the obtained The metallographic structure of the laser weld as shown in Figure 5; from Figure 5, it can be clearly seen the off-white slender acicular ferrite structure.
  • the welded sample is processed into an impact sample with a size of 55 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4mm, and a V groove is processed at the weld with a broach, and the low temperature impact test of the sample is carried out at -40°C (test method The same as in Example 1), the test results are shown in Figure 9, the impact energy of the weld seam at -40°C increases with the increase of CO content in the shielding gas, and the impact energy of 100% CO is 28.7J, reaching the parent 72% of the wood.
  • welded sample is processed tensile sample, carries out tensile test (detection method is identical with embodiment 1) on universal tensile machine, and tensile speed is 3mm/min, and detection result is as shown in Figure 10, by It can be seen from the figure that as the CO 2 content in the shielding gas increases, the weld strength reaches a maximum of 795MPa under the condition of 100% CO 2 , meeting the requirement of pipeline steel strength ⁇ 760MPa.
  • a laser welding method for enhancing the strength and toughness of high-grade pipeline steel weld seams comprising the following steps:
  • Step (1) cleaning before welding, using an organic liquid to clean the surface of the oily high-grade pipeline steel workpiece;
  • Step (2) clamping, placing the high-grade pipeline steel workpiece processed in step (1) on the welding workbench, and fixing it with welding fixtures;
  • Step (3) select the type and content of suitable shielding gas mixed gas
  • Step (4) laser parameter setting and robot welding programming, and according to the welding path, welding sequence and welding direction, write the robot laser welding program and teach the target point;
  • step (5) laser welding is performed on the high-grade pipeline steel to induce the formation of acicular ferrite in the weld seam, and a pendulum impact test and a tensile test are performed on the weld seam.
  • Step (1) Use absolute ethanol to remove oil stains on the surface of high-grade pipeline steel plates;
  • Step (2) assemble two pieces of high-grade pipeline steel plates on the welding jig, the gap between the two plates is 0mm, and no bevel is opened;
  • Step (3) Select 100% Ar (volume percentage) protective gas, the gas flow rate is 30L/min, use side blowing protective gas, the blowing angle is 15°, and the horizontal distance between the blowing position and the laser spot is about 15mm;
  • Select compressed air simultaneously wherein the volume content of oxygen is 21%, and the price increase content of nitrogen is 79%, coaxial blowing, gas flow rate is 30L/min, and protection laser lens is polluted by splash;
  • Step (4) and step (5) The CWX-3KW fiber laser is used for laser tailor welding of two high-grade pipeline steel plates.
  • the welding power is 3000W, the welding speed is 30cm/min, the defocus is 0mm, and the spot diameter is 0.30mm.
  • the thickness of the two high-grade pipeline steel plates in Comparative Example 1 is both 6mm, the model is X100, and the strength grade is 700MPa.
  • the structure of the high-grade pipeline steel plates is granular bainite, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the composition is shown in Table 1.
  • the metallographic sample of 20 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 6 mm was cut out of the welded sample by a CNC wire cutting machine, and after inlaying, grinding, polishing and corrosion, the metallographic sample was observed with an Olympus-X53 metallographic microscope, and the obtained The metallographic structure of the laser weld as shown in Figure 7; from Figure 7, the granular bainite structure can be clearly seen.
  • the welded sample is processed into an impact sample with a size of 55 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4mm, and a V-groove is processed at the weld with a broach, and the low-temperature impact test of the sample is carried out at -40°C
  • the detection method is the same as in Example 1), and the detection results are shown in Figure 9.
  • the impact energy of the weld seam shows a significant downward trend with the decrease of the CO content in the shielding gas, and the impact energy of 100% Ar is 5J.
  • welded sample is processed tensile sample, carries out tensile test (same as embodiment 1 detection method) on universal tensile machine, and tensile speed is 3mm/min, and detection result is as shown in Figure 10, by It can be seen from the figure that the weld strength is 792MPa under the condition of 100% Ar, which meets the requirement of pipeline steel strength ⁇ 760MPa.
  • the oxygen ions produced by the ionization of the oxidizing gas (CO 2 ) in the mixed gas react with the metal elements in the molten pool to form a large number of metal elements with a size of about 1 ⁇ m.
  • the manganese-poor region around the inclusions induces the formation of acicular ferrite with a volume fraction of up to 92% in the laser weld It realizes the strength and toughness matching of the weld, and has the advantages of simple operation, high work efficiency, good quality of welded joints, and reduced welding and production costs.
  • the laser has the advantages of high energy density, fast welding speed, small heat input, small deformation, and high welding efficiency, the heat-affected zone is narrower and the structure is refined compared with arc welding.
  • the low-temperature toughness of the laser welding seam can be increased by more than 8 times by using the mixed protective gas to perform laser welding on the high-grade pipeline steel, and has certain engineering significance.

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Abstract

一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，包括：在保护气体的存在下，将高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，诱导焊缝生成针状铁素体；保护气体包括：惰性气体和氧化活性气体。该激光焊接过程中，生成复合夹杂物，夹杂物周围产生的贫锰区诱导激光焊缝中大量针状铁素体的生成，实现了焊缝强韧性匹配，且降低了焊接成本，显著提高焊接效率。

Description

一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法
本申请要求于2021年12月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202111655786.7、发明名称为“一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于激光焊接技术领域，尤其涉及一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，具体为一种通过调控保护气诱导针状铁素体改善高钢级管线钢焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法。
背景技术
随着油气勘测向着两极和深海进行，服役环境要求管线钢具有更高的强度和韧性。在管线钢铺设过程中，焊接是最常用的连接方式。在传统的弧焊(焊条电弧焊(SMAW)、熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW)、埋弧焊(SAW)等电弧焊技术)过程中，由于弧焊的能量密度和熔深能力的限制，焊接中厚板时往往需要极大的热输入或进行多道次焊接，作业成本高，焊接效率较低，且在进行多道次焊接时焊缝会经历重熔和再加热效果，导致焊缝的组织分布很不均匀，极大降低焊缝的力学性能，尤其是低温韧性。此外，弧焊的多道次焊接时的累计热输入会扩大热影响区，使焊接接头晶粒粗化，进一步使焊接接头的机械性能降低，特别是接头的低温冲击韧性相对于母材显著降低(≤10％的母材冲击功)，极大地降低了管线钢安全性和可靠性。近年来，随着激光器的快速发展，大功率激光器可以实现中厚板的单道次焊透，且具有焊速快，深宽比大，热变形小，热影响区窄和自动化程度高等优点，具有广阔应用前景。焊缝作为焊接接头的重要组成部分，其组织类型决定焊缝的性能。众所周知，针状铁素体由于其具有互锁结构和细化晶粒的特点在偏转裂纹扩展方向，阻碍裂纹扩展以及提高韧性等方面具有积极效果。
在激光焊接过程中，主要施加惰性气体(氩气或氦气)来防止焊接熔池金属元素的氧化和烧损，从而来保证焊接接头力学性能。同时，目前在高钢级管线钢激光焊缝中显微组织主要为韧性不佳的贝氏体和马氏体，极少在激光焊缝中 能生成高体积分数的针状铁素体焊缝组织。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，本发明提供的方法实现了焊缝强韧性，且降低了焊接成本，显著提高了焊接效率。
本发明提供了一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，包括：
在保护气体的存在下，将高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，诱导焊缝生成针状铁素体；
所述保护气体包括：
惰性气体和氧化活性气体。
优选的，所述保护气体还包括：压缩空气。
优选的，所述压缩空气的流量为0～40L/min。
优选的，所述压缩空气的吹气方式为同轴吹气。
优选的，所述惰性气体包括：
氩气和/或氦气。
优选的，所述氧化活性气体包括：
二氧化碳和/或氧气。
优选的，所述保护气体的流量为0～45L/min。
优选的，所述氧化气体的吹气方式为侧吹。
优选的，所述侧吹的吹气角度为0～75°。
优选的，所述惰性气体在保护气体中的体积含量≤100％。
本发明创造性的在激光焊接过程中引入惰性气体和氧化性气体的混合气，在激光的强电离和辐照作用下，氧化性气体(CO 2)电离产生的氧离子和熔池中的金属元素反应生成大量尺寸为1μm左右的Ti 2O 3-MnO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2复合夹杂物；该复合夹杂物可以吸收自身周围约124nm左右的锰离子进入其内部，导致夹杂物周围局部区域形成贫锰区；贫锰区增大了针状铁素体的形核驱动力，导致高钢级管线钢激光焊缝生成体积分数高达92％的针状铁素体。焊接过程中加入活性气体，焊缝金属的夹杂物密度较纯惰性气体提高了4倍，而冲击功提升 了8倍有余；这主要是因为激光较电弧能量更加集中，对氧化性气体电离更加彻底导致的。此外，引入氧化性气体可以极好的解决激光器焊接厚板时存在的氩气孔问题，这极大地提升了焊缝的焊接质量，提高了焊接接头的可靠性。本发明可实现在高钢级管线钢的激光焊接焊缝区域生成有效夹杂物进而成功诱导针状铁素体形成，且相对于采用弧焊的焊接方式具有操作简单、作业效率高、焊接接头质量好、以及降低焊接和生产成本的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中激光焊接流程图；
图2为本发明实施例中X100管线钢金相组织图；
图3为本发明实施例1得到的激光焊缝金相组织图；
图4为本发明实施例2得到的激光焊缝金相组织图；
图5为本发明实施例3得到的激光焊缝金相组织图；
图6为本发明实施例3得到的激光焊缝中夹杂物的成分分布图；
图7为本发明对比例1得到的激光焊缝金相组织图；
图8为本发明对比例1得到的激光焊缝中夹杂物的成分分布图；
图9为实施例1～3和对比例1得到的焊缝在-40℃下的冲击功统计图(虚线为-40℃下母材的冲击功)；
图10为实施例1～3和对比例1得到的焊缝的应力-应变统计图(其中虚线为国家标准对X100管线钢的强度要求：≥760MPa)。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，包括：
在保护气体的存在下，将高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，诱导焊缝生成针状铁素体。
在本发明的实施例中，所述激光焊接方法的工艺流程图如图1所示。
在本发明中，所述保护气体包括：
惰性气体和氧化活性气体。
在本发明中，所述惰性气体优选选自氩气和/或氦气。
在本发明中，所述氧化活性气体优选选自二氧化碳和/或氧气。
在本发明中，所述保护气体优选为氩气、氦气、二氧化碳和氧气中的两种组合、三种组合或四种组合，所述保护气体中必须含有惰性气体。
在本发明中，所述惰性气体在保护气体中的体积含量优选≤100％，更优选为10％～90％，更优选为20～80％，更优选为30～70％，更优选为40～60％，最优选为50～60％。
在本发明中，所述氧化活性气体为二氧化碳时，在保护气体中的体积含量优选为15～100％，更优选为20～90％，更优选为30～80％，更优选为40～70％，最优选为50～60％。
在本发明中，所述氧化活性气体为氧气时，在保护气体中的体积含量优选≤20％，更优选为1％～20％，更优选为5％～15％，最优选为10％～15％。
在本发明中，所述保护气体包括惰性气体和氧化活性气体时，激光焊接过程中的吹气方式优选为侧吹；气体流量优选为0～45L/min，更优选为5～40L/min，更优选为10～35L/min，更优选为15～30L/min，最优选为20～25L/min。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接过程中进行侧吹保护气体时，吹气角度优选为0～75°，更优选为5～70°，更优选为10～60°，更优选为20～50°，最优选为30～40°；所述保护气体的吹气位置优选距离激光光斑水平距离优选为2mm～25mm，更优选为5～20mm，最优选为10～15mm。
在本发明中，所述保护气体优选还包括：压缩空气。
在本发明中，所述压缩空气中氮气的体积含量优选为75～85％，更优选为78～82％，最优选为79％；所述压缩空气中氧气的体积含量优选为15～25％，更优选为18～22％，最优选为19％。
在本发明中，所述保护气体包括压缩空气时，激光焊接过程中的吹气方式优选为同轴吹气；气体流程优选为0～40L/min，更优选为5～35L/min，更优选为10～30L/min，更优选为15～25L/min，最优选为20L/min。
在本发明中，所述保护性气体优选包括：惰性气体和氧化活性气体，以及压缩空气。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接过程中优选同时吹送惰性气体和氧化活性气体，以及压缩空气；惰性气体和氧化活性气体的吹送方式为侧吹；压缩空气的 吹送方式为同轴吹送，以保护激光镜片被飞溅污染。
在本发明中，所述高钢级管线钢的成分为：
0.035～0.045wt％的C；
0.2～0.3wt％的Si；
1.5～2.5wt％的Mn；
0.0025～0.0030wt％的Al；
0.01～0.02wt％的Ti；
0.2～0.3wt％的Ni；
0.2～0.3wt％的Cr；
0.15～0.25wt％的Cu；
0.15～0.25wt％的Mo；
0.06～0.07wt％的Nb；
余量为Fe。
在本发明中，所述C的质量含量优选为0.038～0.042％，更优选为0.041％；所述Si的质量含量优选为0.23～0.27％，更优选为0.25％；所述Mn的质量含量优选为1.8～2.2％，更优选为1.87％；所述Al的质量含量优选为0.0026～0.0029％，更优选为0.0027～0.0028％；所述Ti的质量含量优选为0.012～0.018％，更优选为0.014～0.016％；所述Ni的质量含量优选为0.23～0.27％，更优选为0.25％；所述Cr的质量含量优选为0.23～0.27％，更优选为0.25％；所述Cu的质量含量优选为0.18～0.22％，更优选为0.2％；所述Mo的质量含量优选为0.18～0.22％，更优选为0.2％；所述Nb的质量含量优选为0.061～0.064％，更优选为0.062～0.063％。
在本发明中，所述高钢级管线钢优选为板材；所述板材的厚度优选为5～50mm，更优选为10～40mm，最优选为20～30mm。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接前优选对高钢级管线钢表面进行清洗；所述清洗的试剂优选包括丙酮或无水乙醇。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接前优选将高钢级管线钢放置于焊接工作台上，并用焊接卡具进行固定。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接过程中优选对激光器参数设定及机器人焊接编 程，并依据焊接路径、焊接次序和焊接方向编写机器人激光焊程序并示教目标点。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接过程中根据高钢级管线钢的厚度可以进行单道次激光焊接，也可以进行正反面交替焊接，交替焊接优选为1～6道次激光焊接，更优选为2～5道次，最优选为3～4道次。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接过程中焊接高钢级管线钢时优选不开设坡口，并处于水平对接，采用激光拼焊的方式进行焊接。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接过程中的激光器优选选自光纤激光器、CO 2激光器和半导体激光器中的一种；激光焊接模式优选选自连续激光焊接、脉冲激光和摆动激光焊接中的一种；焊接方式优选选自仰焊、平焊、立向上焊、立向下焊、内焊、外焊和环焊中的一种。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接过程中激光方向与高钢级管线钢的竖直轴线方向的夹角优选为0～15°，更优选为5～10°，最优选为6～8°。
在本发明中，所述激光焊接过程中的参数设定为：激光功率优选为300W～20kW，更优选为1～15kW，更优选为5～10kW，最优选为6～8kW；焊接速度优选为10cm/min～40m/min，更优选为50cm/min～30m/min，更优选为1～20m/min，更优选为5～15m/min，更优选为8～12m/min，最优选为10m/min；离焦量优选为-20～10mm，更优选为-15～5mm，最优选为-10～1mm；光斑直径优选为0.1～6mm，更优选为0.3～4mm，更优选为0.6～2mm，最优选为0.8～1mm。
在本发明中，所述焊缝的金相组织以针状铁素体为主，且金相组织中针状铁素体组织的体积分数≥80％，其余为粒状贝氏体、板条贝氏体、马氏体以及马奥组元的任意比例的混合组织。
本发明提出了一种通过调控保护气诱导针状铁素体，改善高钢级管线钢焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，在激光焊接过程中，通入合适的保护气种类和含量，在激光的强电离作用下分解出的氧离子与激光熔池中的金属离子反应，生成Ti 2O 3-MnO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2复合夹杂物；夹杂物周围产生的贫锰区诱导激光焊缝中大量针状铁素体的生成，实现了焊缝强韧性匹配，且降低了焊接成本，显著提高焊接效率。
实施例1
一种增强高钢级管线钢焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)，焊前清洗，对有油污的高钢级管线钢工件表面使用有机液进行清洗；
步骤(2)，装夹，将经步骤(1)处理的高钢级管线钢工件放置于焊接工作台上，并用焊接卡具进行固定；
步骤(3)，选用合适的保护气混合气体种类和含量；
步骤(4)，激光器参数设定及机器人焊接编程，并依据焊接路径、焊接次序和焊接方向编写机器人激光焊程序并示教目标点；
步骤(5)，对高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，诱导焊缝生成针状铁素体(Acicular ferrite)，并对焊缝进行摆锤冲击试验和拉伸试验。
步骤(1)采用无水乙醇去除高钢级管线钢板表面油污；步骤(2)将两块高钢级管线钢板装配到焊接卡具上，两板之间的间隙为0mm，不开设坡口；步骤(3)保护气体选用80％Ar+20％CO 2(体积百分数)的混合气，气体流量为30L/min，采用侧吹保护气，吹气角度为15°，吹气位置距离激光光斑水平距离为15mm左右；同时选用压缩空气，其中氧气体积含量为21％，氮气体积含量为79％，同轴吹送，气体流量为30L/min，保护激光镜片被飞溅污染；步骤(4)和步骤(5)利用CWX-3KW光纤激光器对两块高钢级管线钢板进行激光拼焊，焊接功率为3000W，焊接速度为30cm/min，离焦量为0mm，光斑直径为0.30mm。
实施例1中两块高钢级管线钢板的厚均为6mm，型号为X100，强度等级为700MPa，高钢级管线钢板组织为粒状贝氏体，如图2所示，高钢级管线钢的成分如表1所示。
焊后，将焊接试样利用数控线切割机切出20×5×6mm的金相试样，经镶嵌、打磨、抛光以及腐蚀后利用Olympus-X53金相显微镜对金相试样进行观测，得到如图3所示的激光焊缝的金相组织；从图3中可以明显看见灰白色的细长条的针状铁素体组织。
焊后，将焊接试样加工出尺寸为55×10×4mm的冲击试样，并用拉刀在焊缝处加工出V槽，在-40℃的条件下，进行试样低温冲击实验，检测结果(不 同保护气冲击功统计结果)如图9所示，在-40℃下焊缝的冲击功随保护气中CO 2含量的增加呈现上升趋势，20％CO 2冲击功为14J。
焊后，将焊接试样加工出拉伸试样，在万能拉伸机上进行拉伸试验(按照标准GB/T228.1-2010)，拉伸速度为3mm/min，检测结果(拉伸统计结果)如图10所示，由图可知随着保护气中CO 2含量上升，焊缝强度在20％CO 2的条件下达到最大为775MPa，满足管线钢强度≥760MPa的要求。
实施例2
一种增强高钢级管线钢焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)，焊前清洗，对有油污的高钢级管线钢工件表面使用有机液进行清洗；
步骤(2)，装夹，将经步骤(1)处理的高钢级管线钢工件放置于焊接工作台上，并用焊接卡具进行固定；
步骤(3)，选用合适的保护气混合气体种类和含量；
步骤(4)，激光器参数设定及机器人焊接编程，并依据焊接路径、焊接次序和焊接方向编写机器人激光焊程序并示教目标点；
步骤(5)，对高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，诱导焊缝生成针状铁素体(Acicular ferrite)，并对焊缝进行摆锤冲击试验和拉伸试验。
步骤(1)采用无水乙醇去除高钢级管线钢板表面油污；步骤(2)将两块高钢级管线钢板装配到焊接卡具上，两板之间的间隙为0mm，不开设坡口；步骤(3)选用40％Ar+60％CO 2(体积百分含量)的混合气，气体流量为30L/min，采用侧吹保护气，吹气角度为15°，吹气位置距离激光光斑水平距离为15mm左右；同时选用压缩空气，其中氧气的体积含量为21％，氮气的提价含量为79％，同轴吹送，气体流量为30L/min，保护激光镜片被飞溅污染；步骤(4)和步骤(5)利用CWX-3KW光纤激光器对两块高钢级管线钢板进行激光拼焊，焊接功率为3000W，焊接速度为30cm/min，离焦量0mm，光斑直径为0.30mm。
实施例2中的两块高钢级管线钢板的厚均为6mm，型号为X100，强度等级为700MPa，高钢级管线钢板组织为粒状贝氏体，如图2所示，高钢级管线钢的成分如表1所示。
焊后，将焊接试样利用数控线切割机切出20×5×6mm的金相试样，经镶 嵌、打磨、抛光以及腐蚀后利用Olympus-X53金相显微镜对金相试样进行观测，得到如图4所示的激光焊缝的金相组织；从图4中可以明显看见灰白色的细长条的针状铁素体组织。
焊后，将焊接试样加工出尺寸为55×10×4mm的冲击试样，并用拉刀在焊缝处加工出V槽，在-40℃的条件下，进行试样低温冲击实验(与实施例1检测方法相同)，检测结果如图9所示，在-40℃下焊缝的冲击功随保护气中CO 2含量的增加呈现上升趋势，60％CO 2冲击功为27J。
焊后，将焊接试样加工出拉伸试样，在万能拉伸机上进行拉伸试验(与实施例1检测方法相同)，拉伸速度为3mm/min，检测结果如图10所示，由图可知随着保护气中CO 2含量上升，焊缝强度在60％CO 2的条件下达到最大为800MPa，满足管线钢强度≥760MPa的要求。
实施例3
一种增强高钢级管线钢焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)，焊前清洗，对有油污的高钢级管线钢工件表面使用有机液进行清洗；
步骤(2)，装夹，将经步骤(1)处理的高钢级管线钢工件放置于焊接工作台上，并用焊接卡具进行固定；
步骤(3)，选用合适的保护气混合气体种类和含量；
步骤(4)，激光器参数设定及机器人焊接编程，并依据焊接路径、焊接次序和焊接方向编写机器人激光焊程序并示教目标点；
步骤(5)，对高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，诱导焊缝生成针状铁素体(Acicular ferrite)，并对焊缝进行摆锤冲击试验和拉伸试验。
步骤(1)采用无水乙醇去除高钢级管线钢板表面油污；步骤(2)将两块高钢级管线钢板装配到焊接卡具上，两板之间的间隙为0mm，不开设坡口；步骤(3)选用100％CO 2的保护气体，气体流量为30L/min，采用侧吹保护气，吹气角度为15°，吹气位置距离激光光斑水平距离为15mm左右；同时选用压缩空气，其中氧气体积含量为21％，氮气体积含量为79％，同轴吹送，气体流量为30L/min，保护激光镜片被飞溅污染；步骤(4)和步骤(5)利用CWX-3KW光纤激光器对两块高钢级管线钢板进行激光拼焊，焊接功率为 3000W，焊接速度为30cm/min，离焦量0mm，光斑直径为0.30mm。
实施例3中两块高钢级管线钢板的厚均为6mm，型号为X100，强度等级为700MPa，高钢级管线钢板组织为粒状贝氏体，如图2所示，高钢级管线钢的成分如表1所示。
焊后，将焊接试样利用数控线切割机切出20×5×6mm的金相试样，经镶嵌、打磨、抛光以及腐蚀后利用Olympus-X53金相显微镜对金相试样进行观测，得到如图5所示的激光焊缝的金相组织；从图5中可以明显看见灰白色的细长条的针状铁素体组织。
焊后，将焊接试样加工出尺寸为55×10×4mm的冲击试样，并用拉刀在焊缝处加工出V槽，在-40℃的条件下，进行试样低温冲击实验(检测方法与实施例1相同)，检测结果如图9所示，在-40℃下焊缝的冲击功随保护气中CO 2含量的增加呈现上升趋势，100％CO 2冲击功为28.7J，达到母材的72％。
焊后，将焊接试样加工出拉伸试样，在万能拉伸机上进行拉伸试验(检测方法与实施例1相同)，拉伸速度为3mm/min，检测结果如图10所示，由图可知随着保护气中CO 2含量上升，焊缝强度在100％CO 2的条件下达到最大为795MPa，满足管线钢强度≥760MPa的要求。
对比例1
一种增强高钢级管线钢焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤(1)，焊前清洗，对有油污的高钢级管线钢工件表面使用有机液进行清洗；
步骤(2)，装夹，将经步骤(1)处理的高钢级管线钢工件放置于焊接工作台上，并用焊接卡具进行固定；
步骤(3)，选用合适的保护气混合气体种类和含量；
步骤(4)，激光器参数设定及机器人焊接编程，并依据焊接路径、焊接次序和焊接方向编写机器人激光焊程序并示教目标点；
步骤(5)，对高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，诱导焊缝生成针状铁素体(Acicular ferrite)，并对焊缝进行摆锤冲击试验和拉伸试验。
步骤(1)采用无水乙醇去除高钢级管线钢板表面油污；步骤(2)将两块高钢级管线钢板装配到焊接卡具上，两板之间的间隙为0mm，不开设坡口； 步骤(3)选用100％Ar(体积百分含量)的保护气，气体流量为30L/min，采用侧吹保护气，吹气角度为15°，吹气位置距离激光光斑水平距离为15mm左右；同时选用压缩空气，其中氧气的体积含量为21％，氮气的提价含量为79％，同轴吹送，气体流量为30L/min，保护激光镜片被飞溅污染；步骤(4)和步骤(5)利用CWX-3KW光纤激光器对两块高钢级管线钢板进行激光拼焊，焊接功率为3000W，焊接速度为30cm/min，离焦量0mm，光斑直径为0.30mm。
对比例1中的两块高钢级管线钢板的厚均为6mm，型号为X100，强度等级为700MPa，高钢级管线钢板组织为粒状贝氏体，如图2所示，高钢级管线钢的成分如表1所示。
焊后，将焊接试样利用数控线切割机切出20×5×6mm的金相试样，经镶嵌、打磨、抛光以及腐蚀后利用Olympus-X53金相显微镜对金相试样进行观测，得到如图7所示的激光焊缝的金相组织；从图7中可以明显看见呈粒状的贝氏体组织。
焊后，将焊接试样加工出尺寸为55×10×4mm的冲击试样，并用拉刀在焊缝处加工出V槽，在-40℃的条件下，进行试样低温冲击实验(与实施例1检测方法相同)，检测结果如图9所示，在-40℃下焊缝的冲击功随保护气中CO 2含量的降低呈现显著的下降趋势，100％Ar冲击功为5J。
焊后，将焊接试样加工出拉伸试样，在万能拉伸机上进行拉伸试验(与实施例1检测方法相同)，拉伸速度为3mm/min，检测结果如图10所示，由图可知焊缝强度在100％Ar的条件下为792MPa，满足管线钢强度≥760MPa的要求。
在对比例1的激光焊接过程中，在激光的强电离和辐照作用下，100％Ar焊缝中反应生成大量尺寸为2μm左右的Al 2O 3-Ti 2O 3复合夹杂物，如图8所示；且无针状铁素体生成，导致焊缝在-40℃条件下发生脆性断裂，极大地降低焊缝的低温韧性。
表1实施例中高钢级管线钢的化学成分
成分 C Si Mn Al Ti Ni Cr Cu Mo Nb Fe
质量百分比 0.041 0.25 1.87 0.0027 0.014 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.063 Bal.
本发明的激光焊接过程中，在激光的强电离和辐照作用下，混合气中的氧 化性气体(CO 2)电离产生的氧离子和熔池中的金属元素，反应生成大量尺寸为1μm左右的Ti 2O 3-MnO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2复合夹杂物，如图6所示；夹杂物周围产生的贫锰区诱导激光焊缝中生成了体积分数高达92％的针状铁素体，实现了焊缝强韧性匹配，并具有操作简单、作业效率高、焊接接头质量好以及降低焊接和生产成本的优点。本发明中由于激光具有能量密度高、焊接速度快、热输入小、变形小、焊接效率高等优点，相对于弧焊热影响区更窄，组织得到细化。本发明通过使用混合保护气对高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，可使激光焊缝的低温韧性提高8倍以上，具备一定的工程意义。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法，包括：
    在保护气体的存在下，将高钢级管线钢进行激光焊接，诱导焊缝生成针状铁素体；
    所述保护气体包括：
    惰性气体和氧化活性气体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保护气体还包括：
    压缩空气。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述压缩空气的流量为0～40L/min。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述压缩空气的吹气方式为同轴吹气。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体包括：
    氩气和/或氦气。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氧化活性气体包括：
    二氧化碳和/或氧气。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保护气体的流量为0～45L/min。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述保护气体的吹气方式为侧吹。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述侧吹的吹气角度为0～75°。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述惰性气体在保护气体中的体积含量≤100％。
PCT/CN2022/086040 2021-12-30 2022-04-11 一种改善焊缝强韧性的激光焊接方法 Ceased WO2023123735A1 (zh)

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