WO2023152122A1 - Composition comprenant un melange de dna et/ou d'epa et d'un phospholipide d'orgine vegetale - Google Patents
Composition comprenant un melange de dna et/ou d'epa et d'un phospholipide d'orgine vegetale Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/06—Fungi, e.g. yeasts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/12—Ketones
- A61K31/122—Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids
- A61K31/202—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids having three or more double bonds, e.g. linolenic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
- A61K31/232—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms having three or more double bonds, e.g. etretinate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/683—Diesters of a phosphorus acid with two hydroxy compounds, e.g. phosphatidylinositols
- A61K31/685—Diesters of a phosphorus acid with two hydroxy compounds, e.g. phosphatidylinositols one of the hydroxy compounds having nitrogen atoms, e.g. phosphatidylserine, lecithin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/28—Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- A61K36/889—Arecaceae, Palmae or Palmaceae (Palm family), e.g. date or coconut palm or palmetto
Definitions
- the invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising a mixture of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and/or EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) in the form of glycerides or ethyl ester derived from at least one microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and at least one phospholipid of plant origin, process for its preparation and its use as a medicament, for example in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, the supply of DHA and/ or EPA in the context of Alzheimer's disease and more generally in the treatment of pathologies involving a deficiency in DHA and/or EPA.
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- DHA is an essential fatty acid of the nervous tissues and in particular of the brain and the retina. DHA biosynthesis from precursors is very limited. An exogenous supply of DHA is then necessary (hence this notion of indispensability) in particular during its constitution in the embryo and the newborn but also in the cases of neurodegenerative diseases.
- BBB blood-brain barrier
- Lyso-PC lyso-phosphatidyl-choline
- Mfsd2a a specific transporter of LysoPCs within the BBB
- LysoPC-DHA or AceDoPC molecular form mimicking lysoPC-DHA improves cerebral uptake of DHA compared to a supply of DHA in triglyceride (TG) form.
- the level of DHA is very quickly recovered (two days after weaning) whether with DHA-PC or DHA-TG and PC or DHA-TG and GPC, for TG and for hepatic phospholipids (PL) - Wu & al., Lipids in health and diseases, 2017.
- the hepatic DHA level is higher for the TG-DHA and PC or TG-DHA and GPC diets, whether at the PL level (increase of 3 to 4 % points; CG area) or TG (2.5% versus 3.5%) - Wu & al., Lipids in health and diseases, 2017.
- the erythrocyte accretion of DHA (which is said to reflect the cerebral accretion of DHA), at 14 days after weaning, is greater for the PC-DHA diet (9.7% DHA; CG area) than for the TG- DHA and PC or TG-DHA and GPC (8.3%).
- the interpretation is, without being bound by this theory, perhaps a passage in the form of lysoPC-DHA associated with albumin after hydrolysis with phospholipase A2 (or direct passage of PC-DHA) - Wu & al., Lipids in health and diseases, 2017.
- Sources of PL-DHA or PC-DHA are relatively rare.
- the latter have a marine origin and are found more particularly in krill and in fish eggs (herring, cod).
- the lipids extracted from krill have the particularity of being rich in PC (about 40%), but these PCs are mainly grafted with EPA.
- EPA accounts for about 28% of fatty acids in PCs while DHA only accounts for about 14%.
- DHA is preferentially in position Sn-2 of the PC, EPA in position Sn1 and in position Sn-2.
- the object of the present invention therefore seeks to resolve these shortcomings.
- the subject of the present invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising a mixture of DHA and/or EPA in the form of glyceride(s) or ethyl ester(s) derived from at least one microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and of at least one phospholipid of plant origin, characterized in that:
- the DHA and/or EPA content in the form of glyceride(s), such as a triglyceride, or of ethyl ester(s) is between 10% and 90% by mass relative to the total weight composition, and
- the content of at least one phospholipid of plant origin, such as phosphatidylcholine, is between 10% and 90% by mass relative to the mass of composition.
- the object of the present invention thus relates to a process for the manufacture of a composition according to the present invention comprising the following successive steps:
- the step of extracting the oil from a microorganism is carried out by heating under vacuum a suspension of microorganisms, such as microalgae, preferably ground, for example at 45- 50°C, or even up to 60°C.
- a suspension of microorganisms such as microalgae, preferably ground, for example at 45- 50°C, or even up to 60°C.
- the object of the present invention also relates to a composition according to the present invention for its use as a medicament, preferably as a food supplement.
- the object of the present invention relates more particularly to a composition as described herein for its use in the treatment of pathologies involving a deficiency in DHA and/or EPA, such as age-related macular degeneration, psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, or more generally for psychiatric disorders, in particular pathologies linked to one or more disorders linked to EPA.
- pathologies involving a deficiency in DHA and/or EPA such as age-related macular degeneration, psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, or more generally for psychiatric disorders, in particular pathologies linked to one or more disorders linked to EPA.
- the object of the present invention relates more particularly to a composition as described herein for its use as a form of DHA supply for the development of the brain, in particular the brain of a human being, preferentially from the stage of fetus and a later stage, such as the newborn stage.
- DHA and/or EPA in the form of glycerides it is understood within the scope of the present invention the esters of glycerol with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- glycerides can be monoglycerides, diglycerides or triglycerides of DHA and/or EPA.
- DHA and/or EPA in the form of ethyl ester(s) it is understood within the scope of the present invention, an ethanol molecule linked to DHA and/or EPA via a bond ester, that is to say DHA and/or EPA with a -COOEt group.
- the origin of the DHA and/or the EPA in the form of glyceride(s) comes from at least one microorganism, such as a microalgae.
- the origin of the DHA and/or of the EPA in the form of glyceride(s), such as a triglyceride is traceable in the various stages of the processes making it possible to obtain the composition according to the present invention. .
- At least one phospholipid of plant origin it is understood within the scope of the present invention that said at least one phospholipid comes from at least one plant.
- the origin of the phospholipid can be traced in the various stages of the processes making it possible to obtain the composition according to the present invention.
- oil enriched in DHA and/or EPA it is understood in the context of the present invention an oil having an EPA or DHA content greater than or equal to 300 mg/g, such as between 350 and 800 mg/g , for example 400 mg/L or 700 mg/g.
- pathologies involving a deficiency in DHA and/or EPA it is understood within the scope of the present invention the pathologies linked for example to a cardiovascular risk (thrombosis, excessive level of triglycerides and/or cholesterol in the blood, drop in blood pressure), ocular fragility (linked in particular to the retina), or neurological pathologies (such as depression, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or epilepsy).
- a cardiovascular risk thrombosis, excessive level of triglycerides and/or cholesterol in the blood, drop in blood pressure
- ocular fragility linked in particular to the retina
- neurological pathologies such as depression, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or epilepsy.
- development of the brain it is understood in the context of the present invention the neural development, or in other words the process of morphological and functional maturation of the brain.
- the present invention therefore relates to the composition described above, its process for obtaining it and its uses as described above.
- composition can also be characterized in that:
- said at least one microorganism such as a micro-algae
- a micro-algae is chosen from the list consisting of a Traustochytrid, such as Shizochytrium sp or Crythecodinium cohnii, Nannochloropsis, Isochrysis, Phaeodactylum or Nitzchia.
- a Traustochytrid such as Shizochytrium sp or Crythecodinium cohnii, Nannochloropsis, Isochrysis, Phaeodactylum or Nitzchia.
- a Traustochytrid such as Shizochytrium sp or Crythecodinium cohnii, Nannochloropsis, Isochrysis, Phaeodactylum or Nitzchia.
- said at least one phospholipid of plant origin is chosen from the list consisting of sunflower oil, canola oil, soybean oil and mixtures thereof;
- said at least one phospholipid of plant origin is a plant extract chosen from the list consisting of sunflower oil and soybean oil.
- the phospholipid of plant origin is rich in lecithin and/or phosphatidylcholine. Indeed, phosphatidylcholine seems to have an effect at the level of the blood-brain barrier: it facilitates the passage of active ingredients;
- composition further comprises DPAn-6;
- DPAn-6 the content of DPAn-6 is between 0.1% and 20% by mass relative to the total weight of composition
- glyceride(s) such as a triglyceride, derived from at least one microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and the phospholipid(s) content of plant origin are greater than or equal to 50% by mass relative to the total weight of composition;
- the EPA content is between 10% and 90% by mass relative to the total weight of composition
- the DHA content is between 10% and 90% by mass relative to the total weight of composition
- composition further comprises at least one antioxidant whose content is between 0.001% and 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition;
- the antioxidant is chosen from the following list: carotenoids, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein, preferably astaxanthin;
- the composition comprises at least one triglyceride with MCT short-chain fatty acids with a rate preferably between 1% to 50% by mass, such as 20% plus or minus 5% by mass; and or
- composition is a food composition, preferably vegan.
- composition according to the present invention may exhibit the following characteristics.
- the composition according to the present invention fits optimally for a supply of DHA and/or EPA of microalgal origin and of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (that is also a supply of choline) favoring the cerebral accretion of DHA.
- PC phosphatidylcholine
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described, presently characterized in that it is a vegan composition, that is to say that it does not contain any material directly of animal origin, and preferably eco-responsible.
- microalgae oils containing DHA for example based on shizochytrium, or the EPA fraction after fractionation of EPA and DHA oil which contains a little DHA, are characterized by the presence of DPA n-6.
- n-6 is not present in fish oils (or very weakly ⁇ 0.3% of fatty acids), characteristic of microalgae oils (for example, base oils at 400 mg of DHA / g of oil contain approximately 80 g of DPA n-6/g of oil).
- the composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention comprises DPAn-6 in a content of between 0.5% and 19% by mass relative to the total weight of composition, such as between 1 % and 18%, between 5% and 17%, between 10% and 16% by mass relative to the total weight of composition. More preferably, the composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention comprises DPAn-6 in a content of 15% plus or minus 3% by mass relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention comprises DPAn-6 in a content of 10% plus or minus 3% by mass relative to the total weight of the composition.
- microalgal oils such as nannochloropsis (photoautotrophic) or schizochytrium (heterotrophic) (after EPA fractionation), do not contain C20:1 eicosenoic acid (C20:1 W7 eicosnoic and C20:1 W9 gadoleic) and C22:1 docosenoic acid (C22:1 W9 erucic and C22:1 W11 ketoleic).
- C20:1 and C22:1 are more specific to the zooplankton and copepods in particular (via the food chain, C20:1 and C22:1 are found in fish).
- - docosenoic acid C22 1 in a content less than or equal to 5%, preferably less than or equal to 1%, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention is:
- the sum of the DHA contents in the form of glyceride(s), such as a triglyceride, derived from at least one microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and the content of phospholipid(s) of plant origin is greater than or equal to 55% by mass relative to the total weight of the composition, preferably greater than or equal to 60%, greater than or equal to 65 %, greater than or equal to 70%, greater than or equal to 75%, greater than or equal to 80%, greater than or equal to 85%, greater than or equal to 90%, greater than or equal to 95%, or greater than or equal to 98%.
- the EPA content included in the composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention is between 10 to 70%, preferably between 20% to 60% by mass relative to the total weight of composition, by example between 30% to 50%, between 35% to 40% such as 37.5% plus or minus 2% by mass by mass relative to the total weight of composition.
- the DHA content included in the composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention is between 20% and 80% by mass relative to the total weight of composition, by example between 30% to 70%, between 40% to 60% such as 50% plus or minus 5% by mass by mass relative to the total weight of composition.
- the composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention comprises a DHA: EPA proportion of between 1: 9 and 75: 1 by mass, respectively, preferably between 1: 8 and 50: 1, between 1:7 to 25:1, 1:6 to 10:1, 1:5 to 5:1, 1:4 to 4:1, 1:3 to 3:1, 1:2 to 2 : 1 or else comprised between 1.5:1 and 1.5:1 by mass.
- DHA DHA: EPA proportion of between 1: 9 and 75: 1 by mass, respectively, preferably between 1: 8 and 50: 1, between 1:7 to 25:1, 1:6 to 10:1, 1:5 to 5:1, 1:4 to 4:1, 1:3 to 3:1, 1:2 to 2 : 1 or else comprised between 1.5:1 and 1.5:1 by mass.
- the composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention further comprises at least one antioxidant whose content is between 0.003% and 1.5% by weight, preferably between 0.005% and 1.4 % by mass, between 0.01% and 1.3%, between 0.02% and 1.3%, between 0.05% and 1.2%, between 0.1% and 1.1%, between 0 , 5% and 1.0%, between 0.7% and 0.9%, such as 0.8% plus or minus 0.05% by mass relative to the total weight of the composition.
- at least one antioxidant whose content is between 0.003% and 1.5% by weight, preferably between 0.005% and 1.4 % by mass, between 0.01% and 1.3%, between 0.02% and 1.3%, between 0.05% and 1.2%, between 0.1% and 1.1%, between 0 , 5% and 1.0%, between 0.7% and 0.9%, such as 0.8% plus or minus 0.05% by mass relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) which comprises between 10% and 90% by mass of DHA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, and between 10% to 80% by mass of phosphatidylcholine.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) which comprises DPAn-6 in a content of between 1% and 19% by mass, preferably between 5% and 18%, between 10% and 17%, between 12% and 16% or 15% plus or minus 0.5% by mass relative to the total weight of composition.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising between 20% to 80% by mass, for example between 30% to 70%, between 40% to 60% such as 50% more or less 5 % by mass, of DHA originating from a microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and between 20% to 70% by mass, for example between 30% to 60%, between 40% to 50% such as 40 % plus or minus 5% by mass, of phosphatidylcholine.
- a composition which may be vegan
- a composition comprising between 20% to 80% by mass, for example between 30% to 70%, between 40% to 60% such as 50% more or less 5 % by mass, of DHA originating from a microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and between 20% to 70% by mass, for example between 30% to 60%, between 40% to 50% such as 40 % plus or minus 5% by mass, of phosphatidylcholine.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising between 10% and 90% by mass of EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, and between 10% to 80% by mass of phosphatidylcholine.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising between 20% to 80% by mass, for example between 30% to 70%, between 40% to 60% such as 50% more or less 5 % by mass, of EPA originating from a micro-organism, such as a micro-algae, and between 20% to 70% by mass, for example between 30% to 60%, between 40% to 50% such as 40% plus or minus 5% by mass of phosphatidylcholine.
- a composition which may be vegan
- a composition comprising between 20% to 80% by mass, for example between 30% to 70%, between 40% to 60% such as 50% more or less 5 % by mass, of EPA originating from a micro-organism, such as a micro-algae, and between 20% to 70% by mass, for example between 30% to 60%, between 40% to 50% such as 40% plus or minus 5% by mass of phosphatidylcholine.
- the object of the present invention relates to a (possibly vegan) composition of DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, comprising phosphatidylcholine and at least one antioxidant, such as astaxanthin, at least one carotenoid, zeaxanthin, lutein, vitamin E, for example tocopherol acetate or tocotrienol; vitamin C or one of its analogues, natural polyphenols.
- a microorganism such as a microalgae
- phosphatidylcholine comprising phosphatidylcholine and at least one antioxidant, such as astaxanthin, at least one carotenoid, zeaxanthin, lutein, vitamin E, for example tocopherol acetate or tocotrienol; vitamin C or one of its analogues, natural polyphenols.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) of DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, with a level of chlorophyll less than or equal to 5% by mass, preferably less than or equal to 4%, less than or equal to 3%, less than or equal to 2%, less than or equal to 1%. More preferably, the vegan composition of DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, is free of chlorophyll.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and from phosphatidylcholine, with a chlorophyll content less than or equal to 5% by mass, preferably less than or equal to 4%, less than or equal to 3%, less than or equal to 2%, less than or equal to 1%.
- a composition which may be vegan
- a composition comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and from phosphatidylcholine, with a chlorophyll content less than or equal to 5% by mass, preferably less than or equal to 4%, less than or equal to 3%, less than or equal to 2%, less than or equal to 1%.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) of DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a micro-algae, with a rate of glycolipids less than or equal to 5% by mass, preferably less than or equal to 4%, less than or equal to 3%, less than or equal to 2%, less than or equal to 1%.
- a composition which may be vegan
- the vegan composition of DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae is free of glycolipids.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and from phosphatidylcholine, with a level of glycolipids less than or equal to 5% by mass, preferably less than or equal to 4%, less than or equal to 3%, less than or equal to 2%, less than or equal to 1%.
- the vegan composition comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from an algae or a microalgae and phosphatidylcholine is free of glycolipids. Indeed, the glycolipids do not come from micro-algae oil resulting from their culture in heterotrophic mode.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, and at the least one triglyceride with short chain fatty acids (MCT), that is to say C1-C10, preferably C2-C8, or even C4-C6.
- a composition which may be vegan
- MCT short chain fatty acids
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, from phosphatidylcholine and at least one triglyceride with short chain fatty acids (MCT), that is to say C1-C10, preferably C2-C8, or even C4-C6.
- a microorganism such as a microalgae
- MCT short chain fatty acids
- triglycerides with short chain fatty acids can exhibit a ketogenic action, which is an advantage in certain brain pathologies. Short-chain fatty acids can thus become the source of energy for the brain.
- ketogenic pathway to fill the gap in glucose energy intake takes on its full meaning.
- Medium or short chain fatty acids are ketogenic. They are degraded by the mitochondria of the liver into ketone bodies (aceto acetate, B hydroxybutyrate) which, brought to the brain by the blood, will be used as alternative fuel by regenerating the acetyl CoA then available for the Krebs cycle and the production of 'energy.
- MCFA medium chain fatty acids
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, and at least one triglyceride with short chain fatty acids (MCT) with a rate of between 1% to 50% by mass, for example between 5% to 40%, between 10% to 30% such as 20% plus or minus 5% by mass.
- a composition which may be vegan
- a composition comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae
- MCT short chain fatty acids
- the subject of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a micro-algae, phosphatidylcholine and at least least one triglyceride with short chain fatty acids (MCT) with a rate of between 1% to 50% by mass, for example between 5% to 40%, between 10% to 30% such as 20% plus or minus 5% en masse.
- MCT short chain fatty acids
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, characterized in that this composition is adapted to allow an increase in bioavailability.
- the composition according to the invention is an emulsion, such as an emulsion, a microemulsion or a nanoemulsion, which can be a (micro-/nano-) oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. .
- the composition according to the invention is a self-emulsifying composition.
- the composition according to the invention is an oil-in-water emulsion.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, characterized in that this composition is suitable for self-emulsification, that is to say that the composition emulsifies without external mechanical input.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA originating from a microorganism, such as a micro-algae, and from phosphatidylcholine, characterized in that this composition is adapted to allow an increase in bioavailability.
- the composition according to the invention is an emulsion, such as an emulsion, a microemulsion or a nanoemulsion, which can be a (micro-/nano-) oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. .
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition (which may be vegan) comprising DHA and/or EPA and from a microorganism, such as a microalgae, and from phosphatidylcholin, characterized in that this composition is suitable for self-emulsification.
- the object of the present invention relates to a food composition (which may be vegan), such as a food supplement which may take the form of a solid or a liquid.
- a food composition which may be vegan
- the food composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention may be in a pre-dosed form.
- the food composition (which may be vegan) according to the present invention may take the form of a capsule, a tablet, an encapsulated liquid or a liquid contained in an ampoule.
- oils enriched with DHA and/or EPA can be commercial (marketed for example under the brand name Omegavie Algae oils® from the company Polaris).
- the first option (as illustrated in example 1 below) consists of a process comprising the following steps:
- the second option (as illustrated in Example 2 below) consists of a DHA or EPA enrichment process starting from the same source as Option 1.
- the method according to option 2 is a method of fractionation of fatty acids with two difference carbons by molecular distillation (including fractionation between EPA and DHA), characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- step (b2) a (e.g. first) step of molecular distillation under high vacuum of the oil resulting from step (a2), in a wiped film evaporator coupled to a rectification column comprising at least seven theoretical plates, and recovery of a first residue and a (first) distillate;
- step (c2) a subsequent step (e.g. second) of molecular distillation under high vacuum, of the residue recovered in step (b2), in said wiped film evaporator coupled to the rectification column comprising at least seven theoretical plates, and recovery of a second residue and a (second) distillate;
- (d2) an optional restructuring step of monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the presence of enzyme and glycerol;
- step (c2) the DHA and EPA are in the form of ethyl esters. It is thus possible to put them back in the form of diglycerides.
- the third option (as illustrated in Example 3 below) consists of a process for enriching an oil with EPA comprising the following steps:
- (b3) a step of concentrating and purifying the fatty acid ethyl esters including EPA ethyl esters by short-path molecular distillation under high vacuum; (c3) a step of concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid by molecular distillation on a rectification column;
- (d3) a restructuring step of monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the presence of enzyme and glycerol;
- the starting oil in step (a3) may for example be an oil of microalgae of the genera Nannochloropsis, Isochrysis, Phaeodactylum or Nitzchia.
- An illustration of this third option is given in example 1.3 below.
- step (e3) of the process EPA in the form of ethyl esters (EE) is obtained. It is possible to put it in the form of glycerides by adding the following steps:
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a composition as described above. This process may comprise the following successive steps:
- oils of DHA and/or EPA and of at least one phospholipid of plant origin are mixed at high speed and/or for a sufficient time to obtain sufficient homogeneity of the mixture.
- gradual vacuuming while heating with stirring until complete dissolution of the phospholipid in the mixture can be carried out.
- the oils of DHA and/or EPA and of at least one phospholipid of plant origin are mixed under vacuum in order to prevent their oxidation or more generally the incorporation of gas into the mixture.
- the method comprises a step in which the mixture of DHA and/or EPA oils and at least one phospholipid of plant origin is heated at atmospheric pressure, for example after having been mixed under vacuum, at a temperature between 5°C and 60°C, preferably between 45°C and 50°C.
- the method comprises a step in which the mixture of DHA and/or EPA oils and at least one phospholipid of plant origin is heated at atmospheric pressure under an inert gas, such as nitrogen, or preferentially under a vacuum.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- the object of the present invention thus relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of pathologies involving a deficiency in DHA and/or EPA.
- the supply of PC and DHA will allow the body to synthesize Lyso-PC-DHA, which is a preferred molecular form for vectoring DHA to the brain in particular (PC is also a supply of choline).
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of pathologies involving a deficiency in DHA and/or EPA, in a patient having an age greater than or equal to 40 years, greater than or equal to 45, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 55, greater than or equal to 60, greater than or equal to 65, greater than or equal to 70, greater than or equal to 75, greater or equal to 80 years old, greater than or equal to 85 years old, greater than or equal to 90 years old or greater than or equal to 95 years old.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described herein for its use in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, in a patient having an age greater than or equal to 40 years, greater than or equal to 45 years, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 55, greater than or equal to 60, greater than or equal to 65, greater than or equal to 70, greater than or equal to 75, greater than or equal to 80, greater than or equal at age 85, greater than or equal to 90, or greater than or equal to 95.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described herein for its use in the treatment of thrombosis.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of thrombosis, in a patient presenting an age greater than or equal to 40 years, greater than or equal to 45 years, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 55, greater than or equal to 60, greater than or equal to 65, greater than or equal to 70, greater than or equal to 75, greater than or equal to 80, greater than or equal to 85 years, greater than or equal to 90 years or greater than or equal to 95 years.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described herein for its use in the treatment of disorders linked to an excessively high level of triglycerides and/or cholesterol in the blood.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of disorders linked to an excessively high level of triglycerides and/or cholesterol in the blood, in a patient presenting a superior age. or equal to 40, greater than or equal to 45, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 55, greater than or equal to 60, greater than or equal to 65, greater than or equal to 70, greater than or equal to 75 years old, greater than or equal to 80 years old, greater than or equal to 85 years old, greater than or equal to 90 years old or greater than or equal to 95 years old.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of disorders linked to ocular fragility, in particular having a link with the retina.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described herein for its use in the treatment of macular degeneration, in particular age-related.
- the supply of PC-DHA is also important from an early age and during gestation for the constitution of the retina (visual acuity).
- one of the objectives of the present invention can be a supply of PC-DHA to the mother and also to the infant by the administration of the composition according to the present invention.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described herein for its use in the treatment of disorders linked to ocular fragility, in particular having a link with the retina, such as macular degeneration, in particular age-related, in a patient with an age greater than or equal to 40 years, greater than or equal to 45 years, greater than or equal to 50 years, greater than or equal to 55 years, greater than or equal to 60 years, greater than or equal at age 65, greater than or equal to 70, greater than or equal to 75, greater than or equal to 80, greater than or equal to 85, greater than or equal to 90 or greater than or equal to 95.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described herein for its use in the treatment of neurological disorders, such as depression, a neurodegenerative disease or epilepsy.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or sclerosis, such as amyotrophic sclerosis .
- a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or sclerosis, such as amyotrophic sclerosis .
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or sclerosis, such as amyotrophic sclerosis, in a patient whose age is greater than or equal to 40 years, greater than or equal to 45 years, greater than or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 55, greater than or equal to 60, greater than or equal to 65, greater than or equal to 70, greater than or equal to 75, greater than or equal to 80, greater than or equal at age 85, greater than or equal to 90, or greater than or equal to 95.
- a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or sclerosis, such as amyotrophic sclerosis
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described herein for its use in the treatment of a patient of an age greater than or equal to 40 years, greater than or equal to 45 years, greater or equal to 50, greater than or equal to 55, greater than or equal to 60, greater than or equal to 65, greater than or equal to 70, greater than or equal to 75, greater than or equal to 80, greater than or equal to 85 years, greater than or equal to 90 years or greater than or equal to 95 years.
- the object of the present invention relates to a composition as described presently for its use in the treatment of a patient of an age greater than 60 years presenting a pathology or a risk chosen from cardiovascular disorders, thrombosis , disorders related to too high a level of triglycerides and / or cholesterol in the blood, disorders related to ocular fragility, disorders having a link with the retina such as macular degeneration, neurological disorders, such as depression or epilepsy, a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or sclerosis.
- a pathology or a risk chosen from cardiovascular disorders, thrombosis , disorders related to too high a level of triglycerides and / or cholesterol in the blood disorders related to ocular fragility
- disorders having a link with the retina such as macular degeneration
- neurological disorders such as depression or epilepsy
- a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or sclerosis.
- Example 1 Process for Obtaining Microalgae Oils
- Example 1.1 concentration of a micro-algae oil in DHA mainly in the form of glycerides. This is the process for manufacturing an oil according to option 1 described above. This process is detailed in patent document FR3103355.
- the process is implemented using a crude oil produced by the microalgae strain Schizochytrium sp T18 marketed by the company Mara Renewables Corporation.
- the oil initially contains 329 mg/g of DHA.
- the objective here is to at least double the concentration of DHA.
- a transesterification reaction is carried out on a biomass of 1800 kg of micro-algal oil using 450 kg of ethanol and 21.6 kg of sodium ethoxide, in an appropriate reactor.
- the reaction temperature is 50° C. and the reaction time is 1 hour.
- the excess ethanol is evaporated under vacuum, then the mixture is cooled to a temperature of approximately 30° C. and then subjected to decantation for 1 hour.
- the light phase is recovered then the glycerol is drained.
- a second decantation is carried out for 30 sec. Residual glycerol and monoglycerides are flushed out.
- Washing with acidic water is then carried out by adding 17% demineralized water containing 2.5% phosphoric acid (75%) with stirring for 20 seconds. The mixture is decanted for 20 seconds and the aqueous phase is drained. This is followed by drying under vacuum (pressure ⁇ 90 mbar) at 60° C for more than 2 hours.
- the oil contains 329 m/g of DHA in the form of ethyl esters.
- the oil is then led into a degasser and then passes through a wiped film evaporator.
- the vapors are then distilled through a rectification column which is coupled to the evaporator supplied by UIC GmbH.
- a reflux of the distillate that is to say a reintroduction of the distillate into the column, can make it possible to increase the separating efficiency of the latter.
- the column used contains approximately seven theoretical plates.
- the distillation residue is recovered and represents the fraction enriched in DHA.
- the operating conditions are as follows: T° of the evaporator: 225° C.; Rectification column vacuum: 0.1 mbar; Reflux rate 75%, T° (top of column): 195°C.
- Table 1 compares the fatty acid profile of the oil obtained after this step (ii) with the initial fatty acid profile before the first step (i). Quantities are expressed in mg of each fatty acid per g of oil.
- the amount of DHA increased from 329 mg/g of DHA in the form of ethyl esters to 758 mg/g.
- the reaction takes place in a reactor in the presence of immobilized enzyme. It is a lipase from the B fraction of Candida antartica (marketed under the name Lipozym 435 by the company Novozym).
- the reaction takes place under moderate stirring, at a controlled temperature around 60° C., under vacuum with evaporation and condensation of the ethanol generated.
- the reaction time is 25 hours.
- the yield of the reaction is more than 95%.
- the oil has the following glyceride profile
- the product is taken up for passage in a short-path distiller (marketed by the company U IC GmbH) to eliminate the residual ethyl esters, the odorous volatiles but also to inactivate a potential residual enzymatic activity.
- a short-path distiller marketed by the company U IC GmbH
- the conditions are a temperature of the walls of the evaporator between 160 and 220°C and a vacuum of less than 0.02 mbar.
- the vacuum is 0.005 mbar to allow the distillation temperature to be lowered.
- Example 1.2 EPA/DHA fractionation by molecular distillation and obtaining compositions of microorganism oil enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid
- the oil profile is as follows:
- the objective here is to at least double the concentration of EPA and DHA.
- a transesterification reaction is carried out on a biomass of 19 kg of micro-algal oil using 4.75 kg of ethanol and 222 g of sodium ethoxide, in an appropriate reactor.
- the reaction temperature is 50°C and the reaction time is 1 hour.
- the excess ethanol is evaporated under vacuum, then the mixture is cooled to a temperature of approximately 30° C. and then subjected to decantation for 1 hour.
- the light phase is recovered then the glycerol is drained.
- a second decantation is carried out for 30 sec. Residual glycerol and monoglycerides are flushed out.
- Washing with acidic water is then carried out by adding 3.2 kg of demineralized water containing 76.4 g of phosphoric acid (75%) with stirring for 20 seconds. The mixture is decanted for 20 sec. and the aqueous phase is drained. This is followed by drying under vacuum (pressure ⁇ 90 mbar) at 60° C for more than 2 hours.
- the oil contains 192 mg/g of EPA and 374 mg/g of DHA in the form of ethyl esters.
- the oil is then led into a degasser and then passes through a wiped film evaporator.
- the vapors are then distilled through a rectification column which is coupled to the evaporator supplied by the company U IC GmbH.
- the goal here is to eliminate the lightest fatty acids while retaining DHA and EPA.
- the column used contains seven theoretical plates.
- the distillation residue is recovered and represents the fraction enriched in EPA and DHA.
- the operating conditions are as follows: Evaporator T°: 225°C; Rectification column vacuum: less than 0.1 mbar; Reflux rate 70%, T° (bottom of column): 190°C., T° (top of column): 135°C.
- the residue fraction contains 256 mg/g of EPA and 520 mg/g of DHA.
- the yield is 68%.
- step (II) is repeated on the residue. This is therefore returned to the degasser and then passes through the wiped film evaporator. The vapors are then distilled through the rectification column coupled to the evaporator as in the case of step (ii) above.
- the goal here is to separate DHA and EPA.
- the operating conditions are as follows: Evaporator T°: 235°C; Rectification column vacuum: less than 0.05 mbar; Reflux rate 60%, T° (bottom of column): 202°C., T° (top of column): 160°C.
- the distillate fraction contains 733 mg/g EPA and 70 mg/g DHA.
- the yield of this fraction is 84% in EPA and 4% in DHA.
- the residue fraction contains 706 mg/g DHA and 83 mg/g EPA.
- the yield of this fraction is 93% in DHA and 22% in EPA.
- Example 1.3 Obtaining Microalgae Oil Comprising EPA
- the starting oil is a crude oil produced by the Nannochloropsis sp strain obtained after culturing the biomass for eight days under photoautotrophic conditions.
- the extraction of the fat from the biomass is carried out by ethanolic maceration. After separation of the remaining solid phase, the ethanol is evaporated under vacuum.
- EPA produced by photoautotrophy is found incorporated into membrane lipids, either in the form of glycolipids, or in the form of phospholipids, or in the form of free fatty acids.
- the triglyceride form is poorly represented.
- a transesterification reaction is carried out on a biomass of 100 kg of microalgae oil using approximately 200 kg of ethanol and 10 kg of sulfuric acid, in an appropriate reactor (reflux 60°C > 10h ).
- the transesterification is carried out by acid route, with sulfuric acid.
- the conditions are a temperature of the walls of the evaporator between 175 and 180° C and a vacuum of less than 0.1 mbar.
- the operating conditions are as follows: T° of the evaporator: 230°C; Rectification column vacuum: 0.07 mbar; Reflux rate 65%, T° (top of column): 107°C, T° (bottom of column): 147°C.
- the amount of EPA in the form of ethyl esters is 735 mg/g.
- compositions according to the present invention are examples of compositions according to the present invention.
- Oil of Schizochitrium sp. rich in EPA and DHA 20% EPA and 30% DHA Palm oil with short chain triglycerides (MCT) 10% concentrated astaxanthin
- composition C vs krill oil [TABLE 6] is sufficient to produce emulsifying properties similar to krill oil.
- Composition C has higher levels of DHA.
- the EPA level can be increased if needed.
- the levels of DHA and EPA can be adapted according to the treatment targeted.
- the amount of astaxanthin can also be changed depending on the intended treatment.
- composition C comprises 6 times more DHA and 1.5 times more omega 3 than krill oil.
- Example 3 in vivo tests in rats: the supposed mechanism of action Knowing that during digestion, DHA is very rapidly hydrolyzed from PC (phosphatidylcholine) and that hepatic resynthesis of LysoPC-DHA in the presence of choline is active , the composition according to the present invention comprising PC and DHA appears to be a very well-suited form for delivering DHA to target tissues.
- PC phosphatidylcholine
- Phospholipids are amphiphilic molecules giving them self-emulsifying properties, similar to what happens during the digestion of fatty acids. Emulsification is well known to improve the intestinal absorption of fatty acids in humans (Raatz S. K. & all, , J of Am. Diet. Ass., vol 109, 2009; Cou ⁇ delo L. & all, Food Funct. Vol 6, 2015; Cou ⁇ delo L. & all, OCL, vol 24, 2017; Ottestad I. & Stall, J. of Nutr. Sci, Vo 5 2016).
- a lecithin intake improves the emulsification of lipids or fatty acids and their plasma bioavailability.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP23702856.8A EP4475829A1 (fr) | 2022-02-09 | 2023-02-07 | Composition comprenant un melange de dna et/ou d'epa et d'un phospholipide d'orgine vegetale |
| US18/837,082 US20250144159A1 (en) | 2022-02-09 | 2023-02-07 | Composition comprising a mixture of dha and/or epa and a phospholipid of plant origin |
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| FRFR2201122 | 2022-02-09 | ||
| FR2201122A FR3132430B1 (fr) | 2022-02-09 | 2022-02-09 | Composition comprenant un melange de dha et/ou d’epa et d’un phospholipide d’orgine vegetale |
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| WO2025148196A1 (fr) * | 2024-01-12 | 2025-07-17 | 小藻科技(安吉)有限公司 | Utilisation d'un extrait de microalgues pour favoriser l'absorption et la perméation d'acide gras à travers la barrière hémato-encéphalique et composition associée |
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2022
- 2022-02-09 FR FR2201122A patent/FR3132430B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-02-07 US US18/837,082 patent/US20250144159A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-07 EP EP23702856.8A patent/EP4475829A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-02-07 WO PCT/EP2023/052967 patent/WO2023152122A1/fr not_active Ceased
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2025148196A1 (fr) * | 2024-01-12 | 2025-07-17 | 小藻科技(安吉)有限公司 | Utilisation d'un extrait de microalgues pour favoriser l'absorption et la perméation d'acide gras à travers la barrière hémato-encéphalique et composition associée |
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| EP4475829A1 (fr) | 2024-12-18 |
| FR3132430A1 (fr) | 2023-08-11 |
| FR3132430B1 (fr) | 2025-04-25 |
| US20250144159A1 (en) | 2025-05-08 |
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