WO2023190934A1 - ジエン系ゴム組成物およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ジエン系ゴム組成物およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/25—Incorporating silicon atoms into the molecule
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- C08L55/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers, obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in groups C08L23/00 - C08L53/00
- C08L55/005—Homopolymers or copolymers obtained by polymerisation of macromolecular compounds terminated by a carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- C08C1/00—Treatment of rubber latex
- C08C1/14—Coagulation
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- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/22—Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/30—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule
- C08C19/42—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups
- C08C19/44—Addition of a reagent which reacts with a hetero atom or a group containing hetero atoms of the macromolecule reacting with metals or metal-containing groups of polymers containing metal atoms exclusively at one or both ends of the skeleton
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F236/10—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl-aromatic monomers
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
- C08F290/04—Polymers provided for in subclasses C08C or C08F
- C08F290/048—Polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
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- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C08G81/021—Block or graft polymers containing only sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F
- C08G81/022—Block or graft polymers containing only sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F containing sequences of polymers of conjugated dienes and of polymers of alkenyl aromatic compounds
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
- C08J3/246—Intercrosslinking of at least two polymers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C08G81/024—Block or graft polymers containing sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F and of polymers of C08G
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2353/00—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2353/02—Characterised by the use of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers of vinyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2312/00—Crosslinking
- C08L2312/02—Crosslinking with dienes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a diene rubber composition, a method for producing the same, and a tire produced using the diene rubber composition.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 disclose compositions of high molecular weight conjugated diene rubber and low molecular weight conjugated diene rubber. These rubber compositions are primarily molecular designs for automobile racing tires.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that after polymerizing styrene and butadiene using alkyl lithium as a polymerization initiator, a high molecular weight component and a low molecular weight component are separately produced by reacting with a silane compound having an R-Si-S-R'-bond. , a rubber composition in which these are mixed is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that after polymerizing styrene and butadiene using alkyl lithium as a polymerization initiator, a high molecular weight component is produced by coupling with a polyfunctional silane compound, and a modifier is added per remaining unreacted molecule.
- a method for producing a composition comprising a high molecular weight component and a low molecular weight component is disclosed.
- Patent Documents 5 to 7 disclose that styrene and butadiene are polymerized using alkyl lithium as a polymerization initiator, and then modified with a siloxane compound.
- a rubber composition comprising a low molecular weight component of less than 10,000 yen, a composition containing silica, and a composition containing a mixture of silica and carbon black are disclosed.
- the technologies described in the above documents satisfy the physical properties according to the purpose of each document, but they also have various physical properties such as rebound resilience, abrasion resistance, processability during rubber kneading, and wet grip performance. At the same time, it cannot be said that it is satisfying.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a conjugated diene rubber composition that has excellent impact resilience and abrasion resistance, good processability during rubber kneading, and excellent wet grip performance, and a method for producing the same.
- Our goal is to provide the following.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve this problem, and found that by combining a predetermined high molecular weight diene rubber component with a predetermined low molecular weight diene rubber component, the processability is good.
- the inventors have discovered that it is possible to provide a diene rubber composition with excellent rebound resilience, abrasion resistance, and wet grip, and a method for producing the same, and as a result of further research, they have completed the present invention.
- the present invention relates to the following.
- Diene rubber component 1 obtained by terminally modifying conjugated diene polymer 1 with at least one type of silicone compound represented by formula (1) and/or formula (2), and conjugated diene polymer 2 having the formula (1) and/or a diene-based rubber component 2 terminally modified with at least one type of silicone compound represented by formula (2), is subjected to a hydrolysis step, and then dried.
- a rubber composition based on The conjugated diene polymer 1 is formed by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, and has a peak molecular weight in terms of polystyrene of 400 k to 2,000 kg/mol
- the conjugated diene polymer 2 is formed by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound, and has a peak molecular weight of 15 to 60 kg/mol in terms of polystyrene
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group, an aromatic group, or an allyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group containing an oxygen atom and/or a nitrogen atom in these groups.
- R 3 to R 8 are each independently an alkyl group, an aromatic group, or an allyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group containing an oxygen atom and/or a nitrogen atom in these groups.
- group, aromatic group, or allyl group and may also be a cyclic structure in which R 7 and R 8 are absent, and p is a number between 1.5 and 1,000 in 0.5 increments.
- the 1,2-structure or 3,4-structure of the diene moiety in the diene rubber component 1 is 20 to 70%, and the weight percentage of the aromatic vinyl compound component in the diene rubber component 1 is 10 to 70%. 50%, The 1,2-structure or 3,4-structure of the diene moiety in the diene rubber component 2 is 40 to 80%, and the weight percentage of the aromatic vinyl compound component in the diene rubber component 2 is 5 to 35%.
- a method for producing a diene rubber composition comprising: i) Initiating polymerization of a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound in a hydrocarbon in the coexistence of an organolithium compound; ii) The conjugated diene polymer 1 polymerized in i) having a polystyrene equivalent peak molecular weight of 400 k to 2,000 kg/mol is combined with at least one type of silicone represented by formula (1) and/or formula (2).
- the conjugated diene polymer 2 polymerized in i) and having a polystyrene equivalent peak molecular weight of 15 to 60 kg/mol is treated with at least one silicon compound represented by formula (1) and/or formula (2).
- R 1 and R 2 are each an alkyl group, aromatic group, or allyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group or aromatic group containing an oxygen atom and/or a nitrogen atom in these groups.
- R 3 to R 8 are each independently an alkyl group, an aromatic group, or an allyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group containing an oxygen atom and/or a nitrogen atom in these groups.
- group, aromatic group, or allyl group and may also be a cyclic structure in which R 7 and R 8 are absent, and p is a number between 1.5 and 1,000 in 0.5 increments. Said method.
- step iii) and before step iv) add a silicon halide compound represented by formula (3) or an alkali metal compound represented by formula (4) in an amount that satisfies the condition of formula (5).
- M 1 is a silicon atom
- R 9 is an alkyl group, aromatic group, or allyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- X 2 is a halogen atom of iodine, bromine, or chlorine.
- M 2 is an alkali metal atom, preferably a lithium atom, a sodium atom, or a potassium atom
- R 10 is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic group, an allyl group, or an acyl group
- L is the number of moles of the organolithium compound added at the initiation of polymerization
- M2 is the number of moles of the alkali metal compound represented by formula (4)
- X1 is the number of moles of the alkali metal compound represented by formula (4).
- the present invention provides a modified diene rubber composition for compounding silica which, when used as tire rubber, has excellent fuel efficiency and wear resistance, good processability during rubber compounding, and good wet grip performance, and a method for producing the same. It is related to.
- Examples of the conjugated diene compound used in the present invention include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene (piperine), 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, and 1,3-hexadiene. I can do it. Among these, 1,3-butadiene and isoprene are preferred from the viewpoint of easy availability and physical properties of the resulting diene rubber. Particularly preferred is 1,3-butadiene.
- the amount of the conjugated diene compound used in diene rubber component 1, which is a high molecular weight component of the present invention is 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 60 to 85% by weight.
- the amount of the conjugated diene compound used in diene rubber component 2, which is a low molecular weight component of the present invention is 65 to 95% by weight, preferably 70 to 95% by weight.
- aromatic vinyl compound used in the present invention examples include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, vinylnaphthalene, divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, and divinylnaphthalene.
- styrene is preferred from the viewpoint of easy availability and physical properties of the resulting diene rubber.
- the amount of aromatic vinyl compound used in diene rubber component 1, which is a high molecular weight component of the present invention is 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 15 to 40% by weight.
- the amount of aromatic vinyl compound used in the diene rubber component 2, which is a low molecular weight component of the present invention is 5 to 35% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight.
- the organic lithium compound used in the present invention is a lithium compound having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- ethyllithium, n-propyllithium, iso-propyllithium, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, tert-octyllithium, n-decyllithium, phenyllithium, 2-naphthyllithium, 2- include butyl-phenyllithium, 4-phenyl-butyllithium, cyclohexyllithium, 4-cyclopentyllithium, 1,4-dilithio-butene-2, and the like.
- Preferred are n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium and tert-butyllithium from the viewpoint of industrial availability and stability, with n-butyllithium and sec-butyllithium being particularly preferred.
- the secondary amine compound used in the present invention is a compound represented by formula (6) or formula (7).
- R 11 and R 12 are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aralkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R 11 and R 12 may be the same or different, and R 13 is Divalent alkylene, bicycloalkane, oxy- or amino-alkylene groups having 3 to 12 methylene groups.
- R 11 and R 12 in formula (6) include methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, cyclohexyl, 3-phenyl-1-propyl, and isobutyl. Specific examples include methylethylamine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, ethylbutylamine, dihexylamine, dioctylamine, butyloctylamine, octylcyclohexylamine, diisobutylamine, butyl(3-phenyl-1-propyl)amine, and the like. Preferred are dioctylamine and dihexylamine, which are industrially available and have good solubility in hydrocarbon solvents.
- the R 13 group in formula (7) includes, for example, trimethylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, oxydiethylene, N-alkylazadiethylene, and the like.
- Specific examples include pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneimine or heptamethyleneimine. It may also be a bicyclic compound such as decahydroisoquinoline or perhydroindole. Particularly suitable are pyrrolidine, piperidine, hexamethyleneimine or heptamethyleneimine.
- Compounds that are prepolymerized in the coexistence of an organolithium compound and a secondary amine compound include compounds that have a faster vulcanization rate than butadiene, specifically isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene (piperine), 2,3- Dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Isoprene is preferred from the viewpoint of industrial availability and vulcanization speed.
- silicon compound represented by formula (1) include the following compounds.
- ketooxime silanes trimethoxylanes, triethoxysilanes, and tripropoxysilanes that are relatively easy to hydrolyze, or those that increase the storage stability of diene rubber while combining with silica.
- aminoethoxysilanes that are presumed to promote reactivity.
- aminoalkoxysilane compound represented by formula (1) Specific examples of the aminoalkoxysilane compound represented by formula (1) are shown below. Dimethylaminomethyltrimethoxysilane, 2-dimethylaminoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 4-dimethylaminobutyltrimethoxysilane, dimethylaminomethyldimethoxymethylsilane, 2-dimethylaminoethyldimethoxymethylsilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyldimethoxymethylsilane, 4-dimethylaminobutyldimethoxymethylsilane, dimethylaminomethyltriethoxysilane, 2-dimethylaminoethyltriethoxysilane, 3-dimethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-diethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane , 4-dimethylaminobutyl
- halogenated silicon compound represented by formula (1) include the following compounds.
- a generally well-known silicone compound is a compound called silicone oil. It is sufficient if the viscosity (mm 2 /s) measured at 25° C. is 0.3 to 1000, more preferably 0.6 to 200. Dimethyl silicone oil and methylphenyl silicone oil belong to this category. Also suitable are modified silicone oils containing polyether groups, epoxy groups and dialkylamino groups.
- the low molecular weight silicon compound represented by formula (2) include, but are not limited to, the following. 1,1,1,3,3,5,5-heptamethyl-5-methoxytrisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3,5,5-heptamethyl-5-ethoxytrisiloxane, 1,1,1, 3,3,5,5-heptamethyl-5phenoxytrisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3,5-hexamethyl-5,5-dimethoxytrisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3,5-hexamethyl -5,5-diethoxytrisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3,5-hexamethyl-5,5-diphenoxytrisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyl-5,5,5 -trimethoxytrisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyl-5,5,5-triethoxytrisiloxane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentamethyl-5,5,5-triphenoxytrisiloxane Siloxane,
- siloxane compounds represented by formula (2) those without R 7 and R 8 are cyclic siloxane compounds.
- Specific examples of the cyclic siloxane compound include hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), and tetradecamethyl.
- cycloheptasiloxane D7
- hexadecamethylcyclooctasiloxane D8
- octadecamethylcyclonanosiloxane D9
- eicosamethylcyclodecasiloxane D10
- they are D3, D4, and D5.
- alkoxysilane compounds having a protecting group that becomes a primary amino group after hydrolysis include N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyl Triethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-aminopropyltripropoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2-aminoethyltrimethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2-amino Ethylmethyldimethoxysilane, N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aminoethylmethyldiethoxysilane, 1-trimethylsilyl-2,2-dimethoxy-1-aza-2-silacyclopentane, N,N-diethyl-3-aminopropyl Examples include trimethoxysilane, N,N-diethyl
- ketimines examples include easily hydrolyzed 3-triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butylidene)propylamine and 3-trimethoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butylidene)propylamine. , 3-tripropoxysilyl-N-(1,3-dimethyl-butylidene)propylamine, and the like.
- the diene rubber component of the present invention is produced by a solution polymerization reaction, and the usage conditions such as the amount of raw materials used and reaction temperature and reaction time for producing the solution polymerized diene rubber are as follows.
- a commonly used method is used, in which a conjugated diene compound or an aromatic vinyl compound is reacted with a conjugated diene compound or an aromatic vinyl compound in the presence of an organic lithium compound and a polar compound such as an ether compound or an amine compound.
- Polymerization is carried out at a temperature of 10°C for several tens of minutes to several hours.
- the amount of the organolithium compound to be used is usually in the range of 0.01 to 10 mmol per 100 g of diene rubber. If it is less than 0.01 mmol, the molecular weight becomes too high, resulting in an increase in solution viscosity and MV viscosity, which causes problems in processes such as rubber production and tire manufacturing. Moreover, if it exceeds 10 mmol, the molecular weight of the diene rubber becomes too low.
- amine compounds triethylamine, pyridine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, dipiperidinoethane, methyl ether of N,N-diethylethanolamine, ethyl ether of N,N-diethylethanolamine, A tertiary amine compound such as the butyl ether of N,N-diethylethanolamine is used.
- Preferred compounds include tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2,2-di(2-tetrahydrofuryl)propane (DTHFP) in consideration of polymerization rate and modification efficiency.
- the amount of these compounds added is usually 0.01 to 10 mol, preferably 0.2 to 5 mol, per 1 mol of the organic lithium compound when the compound contains a plurality of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, etc.
- a compound having one oxygen atom in the molecule, such as tetrahydrofuran, is preferably added in an amount of 0.05 to 10% based on the solvent.
- hydrocarbon solvent selected from aliphatic, aromatic, and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, in particular propane, n-butane, iso-butane, n-pentane, having 3 to 12 carbon atoms; iso-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, n-heptane, cycloheptane, propene, 1-butene, iso-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 1-pentene, 2 -Pentene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, etc.
- n-pentane iso-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and n-heptane. Further, two or more of these solvents can be used in combination.
- a conjugated diene compound or a conjugated diene compound and an aromatic vinyl compound are mainly anionically polymerized, and the active diene rubber is reacted with a silicon compound.
- These modification reactions are conducted at 0 to 120°C, preferably 20 to 100°C, and reaction time is 1 to 60 minutes, preferably 5 to 40 minutes, in the case of batch polymerization in an adiabatic manner.
- the temperature is 30 to 100°C, preferably 50 to 80°C
- the reaction time is 1 to 250 minutes, preferably 30 to 200 minutes.
- the temperature is 30 to 100°C, preferably 50 to 80°C.
- the polymerization method used in the present invention may be either a batch polymerization method or a continuous polymerization method.
- a batch polymerization method is suitable, especially in order to obtain characteristics in rebound resilience, and in particular, in order to obtain characteristics in abrasion resistance and processability, continuous polymerization methods are suitable for diene rubbers.
- the diene rubber component 1, which is a high molecular weight component of the present invention can be polymerized either batchwise or continuously, but continuous polymerization is preferred.
- the diene rubber component 2, which is a low molecular weight component of the present invention can be polymerized in batches or continuously, but batch polymerization is suitable.
- diene rubber component 1 and diene rubber component 2 of the present invention it is convenient to polymerize diene rubber component 1 and diene rubber component 2 of the present invention in separate heavy containers, but after producing diene rubber component 1, predetermined polar compounds, conjugated diene compounds, aromatic It is also possible to add a vinyl compound and an initiator to produce both components in one polymerization vessel.
- a silicon compound represented by formula (1) is added to produce the diene rubber so that the bibranched structure is 40% or less.
- the amount of the silane compound added is preferably 0.7 to 2 times the number of molecules per active diene rubber molecule in steps ii) and iii), more preferably 0.9 ⁇ 1.5 times. When it is less than 0.7, the number of alkoxysilyl groups introduced into the active diene rubber decreases, resulting in low reactivity with silica. If it is more than twice as large, storage stability will deteriorate.
- the siloxane compound represented by formula (2) in the step iii) is preferably added in such a way that the number of Si--O bonds is equal to or more than 1 to 100 per molecule of the remaining active diene rubber.
- the amount is twice the same, more preferably 1 to 5 times the same amount.
- the branched structure after steam coagulation and drying is the following two-branched structure -A or two-branched structure -A', which is a structure that is stable during rubber storage and highly reactive with silica when compounded with silica. It is estimated that this is the case.
- the reaction mechanism is assumed to be that the two-branched structure -A is produced by the condensation of (Rubber)-Si-OR, which is modified with a silicon compound represented by formula (1), and (Rubber)-Si-OH, which is hydrolyzed. are doing.
- Bi-branched structure-A structure of the present invention: (Rubber)-Si-O-Si-(Rubber) Bi-branched structure-A' (structure of the present invention): (Rubber)-Si-O-(Si-O) n -Si-(Rubber) Bi-branched structure-B (conventional structure): (Rubber)-Si-(Rubber)
- the proportion of these branched structures is determined by GPC in the manufacturing process.
- At least one silicon compound represented by formula (1) and/or formula (2) and an activated diene rubber are used.
- the reaction is carried out under conditions that minimize the formation of bifurcated structure -B.
- a halogenated silicon compound represented by formula (3) or an alkali metal compound represented by formula (4) may be added. This halogenated silicon compound or alkali metal compound is added under conditions that satisfy formula (5), and is deactivated by impurities contained in the solvent or monomer, or is a lithium compound that is produced as a by-product from the reaction between the active diene rubber and the silicon compound.
- the compounds represented by formula (1) and formula (2) may produce acidic compounds or alkaline compounds as by-products depending on the compound used in the modification reaction, so it is necessary to change the neutralization method. There is.
- the adjustment at that time is preferably within the range of 1.5 ⁇ [nX 1 +(4-q)X 2 ]/(L+M 2 ) ⁇ 0.9 as shown by equation (5). If it is less than 0.9, the alkalinity becomes high and the condensation reaction becomes difficult. Preferably it is 0.95 or more. If it is 1.5 or more, the acidity becomes strong and metal corrosion of manufacturing equipment becomes a problem. Preferably 1.2 or less
- the Mooney viscosity (abbreviated as MV, expressed as ML 1+4/100°C when measuring conditions) of the diene rubber obtained in the present invention is preferably in the range of 20 to 150, and if it is less than 20, it will not be strong or durable. Abrasion resistance and impact resilience deteriorate, and on the other hand, when it exceeds 150, workability etc. deteriorate.
- the content of 1,2-structure or 3,4-structure in the diene moiety of the diene rubber in the present invention generally varies within the range of 20 to 80%. If wear resistance is important, the vinyl content should be low, and if braking performance on wet roads is important, the vinyl content should be high.
- the 1,2-structure or 3,4-structure of the diene moiety in the conjugated diene polymer of the diene rubber component 1, which is a high molecular weight component, is 20 to 70%, preferably 25 to 60%, and the low molecular weight component
- the 1,2-structure or 3,4-structure of the diene moiety in the conjugated diene polymer of the diene rubber component 2 is 40 to 80%, preferably 45 to 75%.
- the ratio of diene rubber component 1 to diene rubber component 2 is 10 to 90 phr, preferably 15 to 80 phr, relative to 100 phr of diene rubber component 1. If it is less than 10 phr, the blending MV will be high and the processability will be poor. Moreover, if it exceeds 90 phr, the tackiness of the rubber composition will increase, making it difficult to handle.
- An extender oil can also be added to the polymerization reaction solution containing the diene rubber of the present invention.
- the extender oil those commonly used in the rubber industry can be used, including paraffinic extender oils, aromatic extender oils, naphthenic extender oils, and the like.
- the pour point of the extender oil is preferably -20 to 50°C, more preferably -10 to 30°C. Within this range, a rubber composition that is easily extensible and has an excellent balance between tensile properties and low heat build-up can be obtained.
- the preferred aroma carbon content (CA%, Kurtz analysis method) of the extender oil is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 25% or more, and the preferred paraffin carbon content (CP%) of the extender oil is , preferably 55% or less, more preferably 45%. If CA% is too small or CP% is too large, the tensile properties will be insufficient.
- the content of polycyclic aromatic compounds in the extender oil is preferably less than 3%. This content is measured by the IP346 method (testing method of The Institute Petroleum, UK).
- the content of the extender oil is preferably 0 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber composition. When the content of the extender oil is within this range, the viscosity of the rubber composition containing silica will be appropriate, and the rubber composition will have an excellent balance between tensile properties and low heat build-up.
- the diene rubber of the present invention When used as a tire rubber composition, it may be blended with natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, emulsion polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber, etc. to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not essentially impaired. After kneading reinforcing agents such as silica and/or carbon black and various compounding agents in a roll mill or Banbury mixer, sulfur, vulcanization accelerators, etc. are added to form tire rubber for treads, sidewalls, carcass, etc. can do. These compositions can also be used for belts, anti-vibration rubber and other industrial products.
- kneading reinforcing agents such as silica and/or carbon black and various compounding agents in a roll mill or Banbury mixer
- sulfur, vulcanization accelerators, etc. are added to form tire rubber for treads, sidewalls, carcass, etc. can do.
- These compositions can also be used for belt
- fillers having hydroxyl groups on the surface are optimal as the reinforcing material.
- carbon black can also be used in combination.
- the filling amount of the filler is preferably 20 to 150 phr, more preferably 30 to 100 phr, based on 100 phr of the total rubber component.
- silica examples include dry silica, wet silica, colloidal silica, and precipitated silica.
- wet silica containing hydrous silicic acid as a main component is particularly preferred.
- These silicas can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the particle size of the silica primary particles is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 200 nm, more preferably 3 to 100 nm, particularly preferably 5 to 60 nm. When the particle size of the silica primary particles is within this range, an excellent balance between tensile properties and low heat build-up is achieved. Note that the particle size of the primary particles can be measured using an electron microscope, specific surface area, or the like.
- a silane coupling agent is preferably added to the rubber composition of the present invention at the time of rubber compounding for the purpose of further improving tensile properties and low heat generation properties.
- the silane coupling agent include ⁇ -(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, N-( ⁇ -aminoethyl)- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) Tetrasulfide, bis(3-tri-iso-propoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, bis(3-tributoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, ⁇ -trimethoxysilylpropyldimethylthiocarbamyltetrasulfide, ⁇ -trimethoxysilylpropylbenzo Tetrasulfides such as thiadyl tetrasulfide, bis(3-trie
- the silane coupling agent preferably contains 4 or less sulfur per molecule. More preferably, those containing 2 or less sulfur atoms are preferred. These silane coupling agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the silane coupling agent is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of silica.
- carbon black examples include grades such as N110, N220, N330, N440, and N550. These carbon blacks can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the specific surface area of carbon black is not particularly limited, but the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA) is preferably 5 to 200 m 2 /g, more preferably 50 to 150 m 2 /g, particularly preferably 80 to 130 m 2 /g. When the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area is within this range, the tensile properties are more excellent.
- the amount of DBP adsorbed by carbon black is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 300 ml/100 g, more preferably 50 to 200 ml/100 g, particularly preferably 80 to 160 ml/100 g.
- the DBP adsorption amount is within this range, a rubber compound composition with even better tensile properties can be obtained.
- cetyltrimethylammonium bromide which is disclosed in JP-A-5-230290, has an adsorption (CTAB) specific surface area of 110 to 170 m 2 /g, and is compressed repeatedly at a pressure of 24,000 psi four times.
- Abrasion resistance can be improved by using high structure carbon black whose DBP (24M4DBP) oil absorption after addition is 110 to 130 ml/100 g.
- the amount of carbon black to be blended is 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 30 parts by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the rubber component.
- a vulcanizing agent in the rubber compound composition of the present invention, can be used in an amount of preferably 0.5 to 10 phr, more preferably 1 to 6 phr, based on 100 phr of the total rubber component.
- sulfur is typically used, and other examples include sulfur-containing compounds, peroxides, and the like.
- a vulcanization accelerator such as a sulfenamide type, guanidine type, or thiuram type may be used in combination with the vulcanizing agent in an amount as required.
- zinc white, a vulcanization aid, an anti-aging agent, a processing aid, etc. may be used in amounts as required.
- various compounding agents of the rubber compounded composition obtained using the diene rubber of the present invention may be used, but are not particularly limited, to improve processability during kneading, or to balance wet skid characteristics, impact resilience, and abrasion resistance.
- Various other fillers such as vulcanizing agents, vulcanization accelerators, zinc whites, anti-aging agents, anti-scorch agents, tackifiers, and other fillers are added to other extender oils and ordinary rubber compositions for the purpose of further improving the rubber composition.
- compatibilizers such as organic compounds selected from epoxy group-containing compounds, carboxylic acid compounds, carboxylic acid ester compounds, ketone compounds, ether compounds, aldehyde compounds, hydroxyl group-containing compounds, and amino group-containing compounds.
- a silicon compound selected from alkoxysilane compounds, siloxane compounds and aminosilane compounds can be added during kneading.
- the peak molecular weight (Mp) and peak area were calculated as follows.
- the molecular weight at the highest point of the peak in the GPC analysis immediately after polymerization of the conjugated diene polymer 1 is defined as the peak molecular weight, and is defined as Mp1.
- Mp1 molecular weight at the highest point of the peak in the GPC analysis immediately after polymerization of the conjugated diene polymer 1
- Mp1 molecular weight
- the molecular weight at the highest point of the peak in the GPC analysis immediately after polymerization of the conjugated diene polymer 2 is defined as the peak molecular weight, and is defined as Mp2.
- Mp2 The molecular weight at the highest point of the peak in the GPC analysis immediately after polymerization of the conjugated diene polymer 2.
- the styrene unit content in the polymer was calculated from the integral ratio of the 1 H-NMR spectrum.
- the glass transition point (T g ) of the polymer was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) model 7 manufactured by PerkinElmer under conditions of cooling to -100°C and then increasing the temperature at 10°C/min.
- the kneading characteristics and physical properties of the vulcanized rubber were measured by the following methods, and the Mooney viscosity of the rubber compound composition was measured as follows.
- the kneading of the rubber compound composition to prepare the vulcanizate was carried out in accordance with JIS K 6299:2001 "Rubber - Method for preparing test samples.”
- the kneading conditions (kneading A) for the rubber composition that does not contain a vulcanizing agent are as follows: A Laboplast Mill Banbury type mixer manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. is used, and the filling rate is approximately 65% (volume ratio) and the rotor rotation speed is 50 rpm.
- the kneading was carried out at a starting temperature of 90°C.
- the kneading conditions for blending the vulcanizing agent into the rubber composition after kneading A were as follows: The vulcanizing agent was blended at room temperature using an 8-inch roll manufactured by Daihan Co., Ltd.
- the temperature dispersion of the viscoelasticity test was performed using the "TA INSTRUMENTS viscoelasticity measuring device RSA3" in accordance with JIS K 7244-7:2007 "Plastics - Test methods for dynamic mechanical properties - Part 7: Torsional vibration - Non-resonant method” Accordingly, the measurement frequency was 10 Hz, the measurement temperature was -50 to 80 °C, the dynamic strain was 0.1%, the temperature increase rate was 4 °C/min, and the test piece shape was 5 mm width x 40 mm length x 1 mm thickness. ” samples were measured. The smaller the tan ⁇ (60° C.), the greater the impact resilience and the lower the heat build-up. The larger the tan ⁇ (0° C.), the better the wet grip properties.
- Abrasion resistance of the vulcanized rubber compound composition was measured using the Akron abrasion test and method B in accordance with JISK6264-2:2005 "Vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber - How to determine abrasion resistance - Part 2: Test method" The amount was measured. The abrasion resistance of the control sample was set as 100, and the abrasion resistance index was expressed as an index. The larger the index, the better.
- Mooney viscosity [ML 1+4/100°C ] was measured at 100°C in accordance with JIS K6300-2001.
- [Diene rubber component 2-3] Same as [diene rubber component 2-1] except that the amount of 2,2-di(2-tetrahydrofuryl)propane (DTHFP) used in [diene rubber component 2-1] was increased to 10.5 g (118 mmol).
- [Diene-based rubber component 2-3] was produced according to the procedure. The styrene content in the diene rubber was 20%. , the vinyl content was 73%. Mp by GPC analysis was 38 kg/mol.
- [Diene rubber component 1-1], [Diene rubber component 2-1], [Diene rubber component 2-2], [Diene rubber component 2-3] and emulsion polymerized ESBR (commercially available (JSR #1723 used as is) were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 2, coagulated with steam, dried with a hot roll, and then blended according to the vulcanization physical properties formulation recipe in Table 1, and the vulcanized physical properties were evaluated. The evaluation results are also listed in Table 2.
- Table 2 shows the formulation MV, tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus ratio of M 300 /M 100 , Akron abrasion resistance, and dynamic viscoelasticity test results.
- Example 1 The physical property values expressed as an index are based on Comparative Example 2 as 100, and in each item, the larger the numerical value, the better the physical properties.
- Comparative Example 2 which is emulsion polymerized SBR that is often used in tire applications
- Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1 all showed better dynamic viscoelasticity tests corresponding to wet grip performance than Comparative Example 2.
- the tan ⁇ (0°C) and the tan ⁇ (60°C) corresponding to low fuel consumption performance are excellent.
- the blend MV is a little high, the higher the reinforcement with silica, the larger the modulus ratio, which has a high correlation with Akron abrasion resistance.
- diene rubber component 2 is good for improving processability when Mp2 is less than 10 kg/mol, but the effect of improving vulcanizate properties is small. From these physical property evaluation results, etc., it is a rubber composition and a rubber compounded composition with an excellent balance of fuel efficiency, abrasion resistance, wet grip performance, and processability.
- [Diene rubber component 2-5] Following the same procedure as [Diene rubber component 2-4] except that 3-diethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane used in [Diene rubber component 2-4] was replaced with silicon tetrachloride, 2.43 g (14.3 mmol). [Diene rubber component 2-5] was produced. The styrene content in the diene rubber was 20%. Vinyl content was 68%. Mp by GPC analysis was 40.0 kg/mol.
- [Diene rubber component 2-6] [Diene rubber component 2-4] except that 3-diethylaminopropyltriethoxysilane used in [Diene rubber component 2-4] was replaced with 4.25 g (14.4 mmol) of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) [Diene rubber component 2-6] was produced in the same manner as above.
- the styrene content in the diene rubber was 20%. Vinyl content was 70%.
- Mp by GPC analysis was 47 kg/mol.
- diene rubber components 1-2 and diene rubber components 2-4 to 2-6 were mixed at 40 phr each, then desolubilized by a steam coagulation method, and dried with a roll at 110°C. Separate the high molecular weight component and low molecular weight component using a simple method of drawing perpendicular lines to the valleys of the peaks from the GPC analysis chart, and calculate the ratio of diene rubber component 1 and diene rubber component 2 from the area. It is shown in Table 4.
- Vulcanized physical properties were blended according to the vulcanized physical property formulation recipe shown in Table 3, and the vulcanized physical properties were evaluated. The evaluation results are also listed in Table 4.
- Table 4 shows the blend MV, tensile strength, elongation at break, M300/M100 modulus ratio, Akron abrasion resistance, and dynamic viscoelasticity test results.
- the physical property values expressed as an index are based on Comparative Example 4 as 100, and in each item, the larger the numerical value, the better the physical properties.
- Comparative Example 4 which is emulsion polymerized SBR commonly used in tire applications
- Examples 3 to 8 have higher tensile strength and equivalent or higher elongation at break.
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Abstract
Description
以上の文献に記載の技術は、それぞれの文献での目的に合わせた物性を満足するものではあるが、反発弾性と耐摩耗性、ゴム混練時の加工性、ウエットグリップ性能など、さまざまな物性を同時に満足するものとはいえない。
[1] 共役ジエン重合体1を式(1)および/または式(2)で表される少なくとも1種類のシリコン化合物で末端変性してなるジエン系ゴム成分1と、共役ジエン重合体2を式(1)および/または式(2)で表される少なくとも1種類のシリコン化合物で末端変性してなるジエン系ゴム成分2とを、加水分解工程に供与し、次いで乾燥することによって得られる、ジエン系ゴム組成物であって、
共役ジエン重合体1は、共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とが重合してなるものであり、ポリスチレン換算のピーク分子量が400k~2,000kg/molであり、
共役ジエン重合体2は、共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とが重合してなるものであり、ポリスチレン換算のピーク分子量が15k~60kg/molであり、
前記ジエン系ゴム組成物。
ジエン系ゴム成分2中のジエン部の1,2-構造または3,4-構造が40~80%であり、ジエン系ゴム成分2中の芳香族ビニル化合物成分の重量割合が5~35%である、前記[1]に記載のジエン系ゴム組成物。
[3] ジエン系ゴム成分1とジエン系ゴム成分2との比率が、ジエン系ゴム成分1の100phrに対して、ジエン系ゴム成分2が10~90phrである、前記[1]または[2]に記載のジエン系ゴム組成物。
[4] 前記[2]または[3]に記載のジエン系ゴム組成物を少なくとも20phr以上含む全ゴム成分100phrに対して、少なくとも20~150phrのシリカを含む、ゴム配合組成物。
[5] 前記[2]または[3]に記載のジエン系ゴム組成物を少なくとも20phr以上含む全ゴム成分100phrに対して、少なくとも20~150phrのシリカと5~30phrのカーボンブラックを含む、ゴム配合組成物。
i) 共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とを炭化水素中、有機リチウム化合物の共存下で重合を開始する;
ii) i)で重合されたポリスチレン換算のピーク分子量が400k~2,000kg/molである共役ジエン重合体1を、式(1)および/または式(2)で表される少なくとも1種類のシリコン化合物で重合直後に末端変性し、ジエン系ゴム成分1を製造する;
iii) i)で重合されたポリスチレン換算のピーク分子量が15k~60kg/molである共役ジエン重合体2を、式(1)および/または式(2)で表される少なくとも1種類のシリコン化合物で重合直後に末端変性し、ジエン系ゴム成分2を製造する;
iv) 得られたジエン系ゴム成分1とジエン系ゴム成分2とを、加水分解工程、好ましくはスチーム凝固に供与し、次いで乾燥する;
前記方法。
[8] ジエン系ゴム成分1を重合時に、有機リチウム化合物でイソプレンを予備重合後、イソプレン以外の共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とを重合する、前記[6]または[7]に記載の方法。
[9] ジエン系ゴム成分1を重合後、引続いて、共役ジエン化合物、芳香族ビニル化合物、任意にジエン部の1,2-構造または3,4-構造調整剤を追加し、有機リチウム化合物の共存下で重合を再開する、前記[6]~[8]のいずれか一に記載の方法。
前記方法。
[11] ジエン系ゴム成分1とジエン系ゴム成分2との比率が、ジエン系ゴム成分1の100phrに対して、ジエン系ゴム成分2が10~90phrである、前記[6]~[10]のいずれか一に記載の方法。
本発明の高分子量成分であるジエン系ゴム成分1の共役ジエン化合物の使用量は50~90重量%であり、好ましくは60~85重量%である。
本発明の低分子量成分であるジエン系ゴム成分2の共役ジエン化合物の使用量は65~95重量%であり、好ましくは70~95重量%である。
本発明の高分子量成分であるジエン系ゴム成分1の芳香族ビニル化合物の使用量は10~50重量%であり、好ましくは15~40重量%である。
本発明の低分子量成分であるジエン系ゴム成分2の芳香族ビニル化合物の使用量は5~35重量%であり、好ましくは5~30重量%である。
例えばテトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラプロポキシシラン、テトラブトキシシラン、テトラフェノキシシラン、テトラトルイロキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、メチルトリプロポキシシラン、メチルトリブトキシシラン、メチルトリフェノキシシラン、エチルトリメトキシシラン、エチルトリエトキシシラン、エチルトリプロポキシシラン、エチルトリブトキシシラン、エチルトリフェノキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジメチルジプロポキシシラン、ジメチルジブトキシシラン、ジメチルジフェノキシシラン、ジエチルジメトキシシラン、ジエチルジエトキシシラン、ジエチルジプロポキシシラン、ジエチルジブトキシシラン、ジエチルジフェノキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリプロポキシシラン、ビニルトリブトキシシラン、ビニルトリフェノキシシラン、ビニルトリ(2-メトキシエトキシ)シラン、ビニルトリ(メチルエチルケトオキシム)シラン、メチルトリ(メチルエチルケトオキシム)シラン、メチルトリス(ジエチルケトオキシム)シラン、エチルトリ(メチルエチルケトオキシム)シラン、エチルトリス(ジメチルケトオキシム)シラン、アリルトリフェノキシシラン、オクテニルトリメトキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン、フェニルトリプロポキシシラン、フェニルトリブトキシシラン、フェニルトリフェノキシシラン、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリ(メトキシプロポキシ)シラン、メチルトリス[2-(ジメチルアミノ)エトキシ]シラン、メチルトリス[2-(ジエチルアミノ)エトキシ]シラン、メチルトリス[2-(ジブチルアミノ)エトキシ]シラン、エチルトリス[2-(ジメチルアミノ)エトキシ]シラン、エチルトリス[2-(ジエチルアミノ)エトキシ]シラン、エチルトリス[2-(ジブチルアミノ)エトキシ]シラン、テトラキス[2-(ジメチルアミノ)エトキシ]シラン、テトラキス[2-(ジエチルアミノ)エトキシ]シラン、テトラキス[2-(ジブチルアミノ)エトキシ]シランをあげることができる。これらの中で、好ましいものはケトオキシムシラン類や加水分解が比較的容易なトリメトキシラン類、トリエトキシシラン類、トリプロポキシシラン類、もしくはジエン系ゴムの保存安定性が増加しながらシリカとの反応性を促進すると推定されるアミノエトキシシラン類である。
例えば、四塩化ケイ素、メチル三塩化ケイ素、エチル三塩化ケイ素、プロピル三塩化ケイ素、ブチル三塩化ケイ素、オクチル三塩化ケイ素、シクロヘキシル三塩化ケイ素、四臭化ケイ素、メチル三臭化ケイ素、エチル三臭化ケイ素、プロピル三臭化ケイ素、ブチル三臭化ケイ素、オクチル三臭化ケイ素、シクロヘキシル三臭化ケイ素、四ヨウ化ケイ素、エチル三ヨウ化ケイ素、プロピル三ヨウ化ケイ素、ブチル三ヨウ化ケイ素、オクチル三ヨウ化ケイ素、シクロヘキシル三ヨウ化ケイ素をあげることができる。
これらの中で、好ましいものは四塩化ケイ素、メチル三塩化ケイ素、エチル三塩化ケイ素である。特に好ましいのは四塩化ケイ素、メチル三塩化ケイ素である。
式(2)の化合物を使用する場合は単独でも可能であるが、式(1)の化合物を併用すると分岐構造を生成するので好ましい。
有機リチウム化合物の使用量はジエン系ゴム100g当たり通常、0.01~10ミリモルの範囲が良い。0.01ミリモル未満では分子量が高くなりすぎ溶液粘度の上昇やMV粘度が高くなり、ゴムの生産工程やタイヤ製造等の工程で問題が生じる。また、10ミリモルを超えるとジエン系ゴムの分子量が低くなりすぎる。
アミン化合物として、トリエチルアミン、ピリジン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、ジピペリジノエタン、N,N-ジエチルエタノールアミンのメチルエーテル、N,N-ジエチルエタノールアミンのエチルエーテル、N,N-ジエチルエタノールアミンのブチルエーテルなどの3級アミン化合物が使用される。
好ましい化合物としては、重合速度や変性効率を考慮するとテトラヒドロフラン(THF)、2,2-ジ(2-テトラヒドロフリル)プロパン(DTHFP)があげられる。
これらの化合物の添加量は、複数の窒素原子や酸素原子等を含む場合有機リチウム化合物1モルに対して通常0.01~10モル、好ましくは0.2~5モルである。テトラヒドロフランのような分子内に一つの酸素原子をもつ化合物は溶剤に対して、0.05~10%添加するのが好ましい。
連続重合の場合、30~100℃、好ましくは50~80℃である。
本発明の高分子量成分であるジエン系ゴム成分1はバッチ重合でも連続重合でも可能であるが、連続重合が好ましい。
本発明の低分子量成分であるジエン系ゴム成分2はバッチ重合でも連続重合でも可能であるが、バッチ重合が適している。
iii)工程において式(2)で表されるシロキサン化合物を使用する場合、残った活性ジエン系ゴム1分子当たり、Si-O結合が等量以上になるように添加するのが好ましく、1~100倍等量であり、さらに好ましくは1~5倍等量である。
また、この場合、式(1)で表される3官能基以上のシリコン化合物を併用することも好ましい。
従来の2分岐構造-Bではシリカとの反応性が低くなる。
2分岐構造-A(本発明の構造):(Rubber)-Si-O-Si-(Rubber)
2分岐構造-A’(本発明の構造):(Rubber)-Si-O-(Si-O)n-Si-(Rubber)
2分岐構造-B(従来の構造):(Rubber)-Si-(Rubber)
これらの分岐構造の割合等は製造工程のGPCで求められる。
(Rubber)-Si-OLiは縮合しにくいが、中和すると(Rubber)-Si-OHとなる。これは(Rubber)-Si-O-Si-(Rubber)への縮合反応が容易になり、保存安定性が向上する。
式(1)と式(2)で表される化合物は、変性反応に使用する化合物によって、酸性の化合物を副生する場合とアルカリ性の化合物を副生する場合があり、中和方法を変える必要がある。その際の調整は式(5)で示される1.5≧[nX1+(4-q)X2]/(L+M2)≧0.9の範囲が好ましい。0.9以下ではアルカリ性が高くなり、縮合反応が難しくなる。好ましくは0.95以上である。
1.5以上では酸性が強くなり、製造設備の金属腐食が問題となる。好ましくは1.2以下である
高分子量成分であるジエン系ゴム成分1の共役ジエン重合体中のジエン部の1,2-構造もしくは3,4-構造が20~70%で、好ましくは25~60%であり、低分子量成分であるジエン系ゴム成分2の共役ジエン重合体中のジエン部の1,2-構造もしくは3,4-構造が40~80%で、好ましくは45~75%である。
ジエン系ゴム成分1とジエン系ゴム成分2との比率は、ジエン系ゴム成分1の100phrに対して、ジエン系ゴム成分2が10~90phrであり、好ましくは15phr~80phrである。10phr以下では配合MVが高くなり、加工性が悪くなる。また、90phr以上ではゴム組成物の粘着性が大きくなり、取扱いが困難となる。
伸展油の流動点は、好ましくは-20~50℃、より好ましくは-10~30℃である。この範囲であれば、伸展しやすく、引張特性と低発熱性のバランスに優れたゴム組成物が得られる。伸展油の好適なアロマ炭素含有量(CA%、クルツ分析法)は、好ましくは20%以上、より好ましくは25%以上であり、また、伸展油の好適なパラフィン炭素含有量(CP%)は、好ましくは55%以下、より好ましくは45%である。CA%が小さすぎたり、CP%が大きすぎたりすると、引張特性が不十分となる。伸展油の中の多環芳香族系化合物の含有量は、好ましくは3%未満である。この含有量は、IP346法(英国のThe Institute Petroleumの検査方法)により測定される。
伸展油の含有量は、ゴム組成物100重量部に対して、好ましくは0~40重量部、より好ましくは5~30重量部である。伸展油の含有量がこの範囲にあると、シリカを配合したゴム組成物の粘度が適度となり、かつ引張特性および低発熱性のバランスに優れる。
シリカの一次粒子の粒径は、特に制限されないが、1~200nmであり、より好ましくは3~100nmで、特に好ましくは5~60nmである。シリカの一次粒子の粒径がこの範囲であると、引張特性および低発熱性のバランスに優れる。なお、一次粒子の粒径は、電子顕微鏡や比表面積等で測定できる。
混練時のスコーチを避けられるので、シランカップリング剤は、一分子中に含有される硫黄が4個以下のものが好ましい。さらに好ましくは硫黄が2個以下のものが好ましい。これらのシランカップリング剤は、それぞれ単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
シランカップリング剤の配合量は、シリカ100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.1~30重量部、より好ましくは1~20重量部、特に好ましくは2~10重量部である。
カーボンブラックの比表面積は、特に制限はないが、窒素吸着比表面積(N2 SA)で、好ましくは5~200m2/g、より好ましくは50~150m2/g、特に好ましくは80~130m2/gである。窒素吸着比表面積がこの範囲であると、より引張特性に優れる。また、カーボンブラックのDBP吸着量も、特に制限はないが、好ましくは5~300ml/100g、より好ましくは50~200ml/100g、特に好ましくは80~160ml/100gである。DBP吸着量がこの範囲であると、より引張特性に優れたゴム配合組成物が得られる。さらに、カーボンブラックとして、特開平5-230290号公報に開示されているセチルトリメチルアンモニウムブロマイドの吸着(CTAB)比表面積が110~170m2/gであり、24,000psiの圧力で4回繰り返し圧縮を加えた後のDBP(24M4DBP)吸油量が110~130ml/100gであるハイストラクチャーカーボンブラックを用いることにより、耐摩耗性を改善できる。
カーボンブラックの配合量は、ゴム成分100重量部に対して、1~50重量部、好ましくは2~30重量部、特に好ましくは3~20重量部である。
加硫剤としては、代表的には硫黄を、また、その他に硫黄含有化合物、過酸化物などをあげることができる。
スチーム凝固・乾燥後のGPCチャートからも同様に計算すると、末端にシリコン化合物が付加しているゴム分子や、2分岐構造でシリコン化合物付加しているゴム分子は縮合し、CMp1,DはCMp1より小さくなり、CMp1,2<,DはCMp1,2<より大きくなる。CMp1,2<,DがCMp1,2<より大きくなるほど、保存安定性とシリカとの反応性は増加する。
本発明では、Mp1は400kg/mol以上となる。
スチーム凝固・乾燥後のGPCチャートからも同様に計算すると、末端にシリコン化合物が付加しているゴム分子や、2分岐構造でシリコン化合物付加しているゴム分子は縮合し、CMp1,Dの面積は小さくなり、CMp2,2<,Dの面積は大きくなる。CMp1,2<,DがCMp1,2<より大きくなるほど保存安定性とシリカとの反応性は増加する。
本発明では、Mp2は60kg/mol未満となる。
加硫剤を含まないゴム組成物の混練条件(A練り)は東洋精機製作所(株)製のラボプラストミルバンバリー形ミキサーを用い、充てん率が約65%(体積比)、ローター回転数が50rpm、混練り開始温度を90℃で実施した。
A練り後のゴム配合組成物に加硫剤を配合する混練条件(B練り)は(株)ダイハンDaihan Co., Ltd.製8インチロールを用いて、室温で加硫剤を配合した。
tan δ(60℃)が小さい程、反発弾性は大きくなり、低発熱性である。tan δ(0℃)が大きい程、ウエットグリップ性は向上し、良好である。
内容積が10Lのオートクレーブを乾燥窒素で十分に置換し、5500gのシクロヘキサンを入れ、215mg(1.17mmol)の2,2-ジ(2-テトラヒドロフリル)プロパン(DTHFP)、210g(2.02mol)のスチレン、460g(8.50mol)の1,3-ブタジエンをオートクレーブに入れた。オートクレーブ内の温度を25℃に調整後、重合に有効な74.7mg(1.17mmol)のn-ブチルリチウムをオートクレーブに添加して重合を開始した。重合は断熱的に昇温し、最高温度が78℃に達した。この時点で、30gの1,3-ブタジエンを追加し、さらに5分間重合を行った。ここで、オートクレーブから20mLの重合溶液を十分に窒素置換した容器に分析用として抜き出し、後ほど希釈してGPC分析を行った。引続いて0.324g(1.17mmol)の3-ジエチルアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランをオートクレーブに加え、15分間反応した。このゴムを(ジエン系ゴム成分1-1)とした。ジエン系ゴム中のスチレン含量は30%であり、ビニル含量は44%であった。GPC分析によるMpは560kg/molであった。
この溶液は後ほど、ジエン系ゴム成分2と混合後、スチーム凝固法で脱溶し、110℃のロールで乾燥した。
内容積が10Lのオートクレーブを乾燥窒素で十分に置換し、5500gのシクロヘキサンを入れ、5.27g(114mmol)の2,2-ジ(2-テトラヒドロフリル)プロパン(DTHFP)、200g(1.92mol)のスチレン、770g(14.24mol)の1,3-ブタジエンをオートクレーブに入れた。オートクレーブ内の温度を25℃に調整後、1.83g(29mmol)のn-ブチルリチウムをオートクレーブに添加して重合を開始した。重合は断熱的に昇温し、最高温度が88℃に達した。この時点で、30gの1,3-ブタジエンを追加し、さらに5分間重合を行った。ここで、オートクレーブから20mLの重合溶液を十分に窒素置換した容器に分析用として抜き出し、後ほど希釈してGPC分析を行なった。引続いて7.93g(28.6mmol)の3-ジエチルアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランをオートクレーブに加え、15分間反応した。残りの溶液はスチーム凝固法で脱溶し、110℃のロールで乾燥した。このゴムを[ジエン系ゴム成分2-1]とした。ジエン系ゴム中のスチレン含量は21%であった。、ビニル含量は59%であった。GPC分析によるMpは34kg/molであった。
[ジエン系ゴム成分2-1]で使用した2,2-ジ(2-テトラヒドロフリル)プロパン(DTHFP)を25.6g(553mmol)、n-ブチルリチウムを8.89g(141mmol)、3-ジエチルアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを38.5g(139mmol)に増量した以外は[ジエン系ゴム成分2-1]と同じ手順で[ジエン系ゴム成分2-2]を製造した。ジエン系ゴム中のスチレン含量は21%であった。、ビニル含量は58%であった。GPC分析によるMpは7kg/molであった。
[ジエン系ゴム成分2-1]で使用した2,2-ジ(2-テトラヒドロフリル)プロパン(DTHFP)を10.5g(118mmol)に増量した以外は[ジエン系ゴム成分2-1]と同じ手順で[ジエン系ゴム成分2-3]を製造した。ジエン系ゴム中のスチレン含量は20%であった。、ビニル含量は73%であった。GPC分析によるMpは38kg/molであった。
第2表には配合MVと引張強さ、切断時延び、M300/M100のモジュラス比、アクロン耐摩耗性、動的粘弾性試験結果を示した。指数表示の物性値は比較例2を100として、いずれの項目も数値が大きいほど良好な物性を示す。タイヤ用途でよく使用されている乳化重合SBRである比較例2と比較して、実施例1、実施例2、比較例1とも比較例2に比べるとウエットグリップ性能に対応する動的粘弾性試験のtan δ(0℃)や低燃費性能に対応するtanδ(60℃)は優れている。配合MVは少し高めであるが、モジュラス比はシリカとの補強性が高いほど、大きな値となり、アクロン耐摩耗性と相関関係が高い。
比較例1と比べると、ジエン系ゴム成分2はMp2が10kg/mol未満では加工性の改良には良いが、加硫物性の改良効果は小さい。
これらの物性評価結果等から、低燃費性、耐摩耗性、ウエットグリップ性能、および加工性のバランスが優れたゴム組成物であり、ゴム配合組成物である。
内容積が5Lのオートクレーブを乾燥窒素で十分に置換し、2890gのシクロヘキサンを入れ、100mg(0.544mmol)の2,2-ジ(2-テトラヒドロフリル)プロパン(DTHFP)、110gのスチレン、243gの1,3-ブタジエンをオートクレーブに入れた。オートクレーブ内の温度を40℃に調整後、重合に有効な87.1mg(1.36mmol)のn-ブチルリチウムをオートクレーブに添加して重合を開始した。重合は断熱的に昇温し、最高温度が78℃に達した。この時点で、16gの1,3-ブタジエンを追加し、さらに5分間重合を行った。引続いて377mg(1.36mmol)の3-ジエチルアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランをオートクレーブに加え、15分間反応した。この重合を6回繰り返し、全量を一つのタンクに入れ、均一に撹拌した。このゴムを[ジエン系ゴム成分1-2]とした。ジエン系ゴム中のスチレン含量は30%であり、ビニル含量は47%であった。GPC分析によるMpは568kg/molであった。
この溶液は後ほど、ジエン系ゴム成分2と混合後、スチーム凝固法で脱溶し、110℃のロールで乾燥した。
内容積が10Lのオートクレーブを乾燥窒素で十分に置換し、5500gのシクロヘキサンを入れ、5.27g(114mmol)の2,2-ジ(2-テトラヒドロフリル)プロパン(DTHFP)、200g(1.92mol)のスチレン、770g(14.24mol)の1,3-ブタジエンをオートクレーブに入れた。オートクレーブ内の温度を25℃に調整後、1.83g(29mmol)のn-ブチルリチウムをオートクレーブに添加して重合を開始した。重合は断熱的に昇温し、最高温度が83℃に達した。この時点で、30gの1,3-ブタジエンを追加し、さらに5分間重合を行った。引続いて7.93g(28.6mmol)の3-ジエチルアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランをオートクレーブに加え、15分間反応した。この溶液は溶液のまま保管した。このゴムを[ジエン系ゴム成分2-4]とした。ジエン系ゴム中のスチレン含量は21%であった。ビニル含量は69%であった。GPC分析によるMpは38kg/molであった。
[ジエン系ゴム成分2-4]で使用した3-ジエチルアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを四塩化ケイ素、2.43g(14.3mmol)に替えた以外は[ジエン系ゴム成分2-4]と同じ手順で[ジエン系ゴム成分2-5]を製造した。ジエン系ゴム中のスチレン含量は20%であった。ビニル含量は68%であった。GPC分析によるMpは40.0kg/molであった。
[ジエン系ゴム成分2-4]で使用した3-ジエチルアミノプロピルトリエトキシシランをオクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン(D4)4.25g(14.4mmol)に替えた以外は[ジエン系ゴム成分2-4]と同じ手順で[ジエン系ゴム成分2-6]を製造した。ジエン系ゴム中のスチレン含量は20%であった。ビニル含量は70%であった。GPC分析によるMpは47kg/molであった。
GPC分析のチャートからピークの谷に垂線を引き分割した簡易的な方法で、高分子量成分と低分子量成分を分割し、その面積からジエン系ゴム成分1とジエン系ゴム成分2の割合を求め、第4表に示した。
第4表には配合MVと引張強さ、切断時延び、M300/M100のモジュラス比、アクロン耐摩耗性、動的粘弾性試験結果を示した。指数表示の物性値は比較例4を100として、いずれの項目も数値が大きいほど良好な物性を示す。
タイヤ用途でよく使用されている乳化重合SBRである比較例4と比較して、実施例3~8で、引張強さは大きくなり、切断時伸びは同等以上である。
比較例4に対して、実施例3~8のシリカとの反応性を反映すると言われるモジュラス比が大きく、アクロン摩耗、動的粘弾試験はいずれも大きく改良されている。
ジエン系ゴム成分2の末端変性剤の種類の影響は、ジエン系ゴム成分1、100phrに対して20phrの実施例3~5と、40phrの実施例6~8を比較してもそれぞれの中で特に大きな差はない。
これらの物性評価結果等から、低燃費性、耐摩耗性、ウエットグリップ性能、および加工性のバランスが優れたゴム組成物であり、ゴム配合組成物である。
Claims (11)
- 共役ジエン重合体1を式(1)および/または式(2)で表される少なくとも1種類のシリコン化合物で末端変性してなるジエン系ゴム成分1と、共役ジエン重合体2を式(1)および/または式(2)で表される少なくとも1種類のシリコン化合物で末端変性してなるジエン系ゴム成分2とを、加水分解工程に供与し、次いで乾燥することによって得られる、ジエン系ゴム組成物であって、
共役ジエン重合体1は、共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とが重合してなるものであり、ポリスチレン換算のピーク分子量が400k~2,000kg/molであり、
共役ジエン重合体2は、共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とが重合してなるものであり、ポリスチレン換算のピーク分子量が15k~60kg/molであり、
式中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ、独立して、1~12の炭素数を有するアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基、もしくはこれらの基に酸素原子および/または窒素原子を含むアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基であり、X1は、ヨウ素、臭素、または塩素であり、nおよびmは、それぞれ、0、1、2、3または4であり、
式中、R3~R8は、それぞれ、独立して、1~12の炭素数を有するアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基、もしくはこれらの基に酸素原子および/または窒素原子を含むアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基であり、またR7とR8が無い環状構造でもよく、pは、1.5および1,000の間の0.5刻みの数である、
前記ジエン系ゴム組成物。 - ジエン系ゴム成分1中のジエン部の1,2-構造または3,4-構造が20~70%であり、ジエン系ゴム成分1中の芳香族ビニル化合物成分の重量割合が10~50%であり、
ジエン系ゴム成分2中のジエン部の1,2-構造または3,4-構造が40~80%であり、ジエン系ゴム成分2中の芳香族ビニル化合物成分の重量割合が5~35%である、請求項1に記載のジエン系ゴム組成物。 - ジエン系ゴム成分1とジエン系ゴム成分2との比率が、ジエン系ゴム成分1の100phrに対して、ジエン系ゴム成分2が10~90phrである、請求項1または2に記載のジエン系ゴム組成物。
- 請求項2または3に記載のジエン系ゴム組成物を少なくとも20phr以上含む全ゴム成分100phrに対して、少なくとも20~150phrのシリカを含む、ゴム配合組成物。
- 請求項2または3に記載のジエン系ゴム組成物を少なくとも20phr以上含む全ゴム成分100phrに対して、少なくとも20~150phrのシリカと5~30phrのカーボンブラックを含む、ゴム配合組成物。
- ジエン系ゴム組成物を製造する方法であって、
i) 共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とを炭化水素中、有機リチウム化合物の共存下で重合を開始する;
ii) i)で重合されたポリスチレン換算のピーク分子量が400k~2,000kg/molである共役ジエン重合体1を、式(1)および/または式(2)で表される少なくとも1種類のシリコン化合物で重合直後に末端変性し、ジエン系ゴム成分1を製造する;
iii) i)で重合されたポリスチレン換算のピーク分子量が15k~60kg/molである共役ジエン重合体2を、式(1)および/または式(2)で表される少なくとも1種類のシリコン化合物で重合直後に末端変性し、ジエン系ゴム成分2を製造する;
iv) 得られたジエン系ゴム成分1とジエン系ゴム成分2とを、加水分解工程、好ましくはスチーム凝固に供与し、次いで乾燥する;
式中、R1およびR2は、それぞれ、1~12の炭素数を有するアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基、もしくはこれらの基に酸素原子および/または窒素原子を含むアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基であり、X1は、ヨウ素、臭素、または塩素のハロゲン原子であり、nとmは、それぞれ、0、1、2、3、または4であり、
式中、R3~R8は、それぞれ、独立して、1~12の炭素数を有するアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基、もしくはこれらの基に酸素原子および/または窒素原子を含むアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基であり、またR7とR8が無い環状構造でもよく、pは、1.5および1,000の間の0.5刻みの数である、
前記方法。 - ジエン系ゴム成分1単独、またはジエン系ゴム成分1およびジエン系ゴム成分2の両者を、有機リチウム化合物と二級アミン化合物の共存下で重合を開始する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ジエン系ゴム成分1を重合時に、有機リチウム化合物でイソプレンを予備重合後、イソプレン以外の共役ジエン化合物と芳香族ビニル化合物とを重合する、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- ジエン系ゴム成分1を重合後、引続いて、共役ジエン化合物、芳香族ビニル化合物、任意にジエン部の1,2-構造または3,4-構造調整剤を追加し、有機リチウム化合物の共存下で重合を再開する、請求項6~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- iii)工程後、iv)工程の前に、式(5)の条件を満たす量の式(3)で表されるハロゲン化シリコン化合物または式(4)で表されるアルカリ金属化合物を添加してから、iv)工程のスチーム凝固・乾燥を行う、請求項6~請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、
式中、M1は、ケイ素原子であり、R9は、1~12の炭素数を有するアルキル基、芳香族基、またはアリル基であり、X2は、ヨウ素、臭素、または塩素のハロゲン原子であり、qは、0または1であり、
式中、M2は、アルカリ金属原子であり、好ましくは、リチウム原子、ナトリウム原子、またはカリウム原子であり、R10は、1~12の炭素数を有するアルキル基、芳香族基、アリル基、またはアシル基であり、
式中、Lは、重合開始に添加した有機リチウム化合物のモル数であり、M2は、式(4)で表されるアルカリ金属化合物のモル数であり、X1は、式(1)で表されるシリコン化合物のモル数であり、X2は、式(3)で表されるハロゲン化シリコン化合物のモル数であり、nは、式(1)で表されるシリコン化合物中のnと同じであり、qは、式(3)で表されるハロゲン化シリコン化合物中のqと同じである、
前記方法。 - ジエン系ゴム成分1とジエン系ゴム成分2との比率が、ジエン系ゴム成分1の100phrに対して、ジエン系ゴム成分2が10~90phrである、請求項6~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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