WO2023234676A1 - 전고체 전지용 양극, 이의 제조 방법 및 상기 양극을 포함하는 전고체 전지 - Google Patents
전고체 전지용 양극, 이의 제조 방법 및 상기 양극을 포함하는 전고체 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023234676A1 WO2023234676A1 PCT/KR2023/007387 KR2023007387W WO2023234676A1 WO 2023234676 A1 WO2023234676 A1 WO 2023234676A1 KR 2023007387 W KR2023007387 W KR 2023007387W WO 2023234676 A1 WO2023234676 A1 WO 2023234676A1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anode for an all-solid-state battery containing granules (granule powder) made of an active material, a conductive material, and a binder, a method for manufacturing the same, and an all-solid-state battery containing the anode. More specifically, the present invention relates to an anode for an all-solid-state battery containing granule powder made of an active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- An anode for an all-solid-state battery which has excellent adhesion to a solid electrolyte by increasing the electrical conductivity of the granules and at the same time has uniform surface flatness when sheeting the granules, including a method of manufacturing the same and the anode It relates to an all-solid-state battery.
- all-solid-state batteries refer to batteries in which the electrolyte used in lithium secondary batteries has been replaced from liquid to solid.
- flammable solvents are not used, and ignition or explosion due to the decomposition reaction of the conventional electrolyte solution does not occur at all. Therefore, safety can be significantly improved.
- all-solid-state batteries can use Li metal or Li alloy as a negative electrode material, they have the advantage of dramatically improving the energy density relative to the mass and volume of the battery.
- solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries can be broadly classified into organic (polymer-based) solid electrolytes and inorganic-based solid electrolytes, and among these, inorganic-based solid electrolytes can be divided into sulfide-based and oxide-based. Additionally, the solid electrolyte that has currently undergone the most technological development is the sulfide-based solid electrolyte, and its development has progressed to the point where its ionic conductivity is close to that of organic electrolyte solutions.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte not only has a high ionic conductivity of 10 -3 to 10 -2 S/cm among solid electrolytes, but also has the advantage of being ductile and easily contacting the interface, which is advantageous in improving resistance.
- sulfide-based solid electrolytes are sensitive to moisture, such as generating H 2 S gas when in contact with moisture, so it is necessary to build a very dry environment when manufacturing batteries or electrodes. For this reason, all-solid-state batteries using sulfide-based solid electrolytes use the dry electrode method, and it is possible to implement high loading electrodes compared to the wet electrode method.
- the dry electrode method can be broadly classified into a PTFE fiberization method and a granule powder sheeting method using a spray drying method, of which the latter method directly produces granules with excellent sphericity. Because it can be sheeted, it can be advantageous in manufacturing a uniform loading electrode compared to the PTFE fiberization method.
- granule powder refers to particles composed of an active material, a conductive material, and a binder, and the granules are stacked on the electrode current collector in the above method and then subjected to heat and pressure.
- Electrodes can be manufactured by applying sheeting.
- an all-solid-state battery can be manufactured by attaching a solid electrolyte to an electrode manufactured in this manner and environment.
- single-walled carbon nanotubes which are linear conductive materials, are good in terms of battery performance in that they exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, but they have a fatal drawback (problem of incomplete adhesion with solid electrolyte) when manufacturing electrodes or batteries.
- the conductive material is sometimes applied as a point-type conductive material such as carbon black (CB), and in this case, a uniform surface is formed when the granules are sheeted.
- CB carbon black
- the conductive material contained in the granules is applied as a point-shaped conductive material, a problem occurs in which the point-shaped conductive material migrates (moving to the outer side of the granule due to density difference) during the drying process after granule production.
- the conductive material contained in the granules of the electrode is applied as a linear conductive material or as a point-shaped conductive material, it is bound to be in a so-called trade-off relationship. Therefore, by showing only the advantages of applying the conductive material contained in the granules of the electrode as a linear conductive material and the advantage of applying it as a point-shaped conductive material, it is possible to facilitate the manufacture of electrodes and batteries and at the same time improve the performance of the battery. A feasible solution is required.
- the purpose of the present invention is to increase the electrical conductivity of the granules by constructing the granule layer as a multi-layer having particles of different shapes, and at the same time have uniform surface flatness during granule sheeting, thereby providing excellent adhesion to the solid electrolyte.
- the present invention includes a metal current collector; an inner granular layer located on one side of the metal current collector and containing an active material, a conductive material, and a binder in granular form; and an outer granular layer laminated on the surface side of the inner granular layer and comprising an active material, a conductive material, and a binder in granular form, wherein the conductive material of the inner granular layer and the conductive material of the outer granular layer have different shapes.
- An anode for an all-solid-state battery is provided.
- the present invention includes the steps of manufacturing inner granules containing an active material, a linear conductive material, and a binder in granule form, applying the granules on a positive electrode metal current collector, and then rolling them to form an inner granule layer in the form of a sheet; And a step of manufacturing outer granules containing an active material, a dot-shaped conductive material, and a binder in the form of granules, applying them to the surface of the prepared inner granular layer, and then rolling them to form an outer granular layer in the form of a sheet, wherein the inner granular layer
- a method of manufacturing an anode for an all-solid-state battery is provided, wherein the conductive material and the conductive material of the outer granular layer have different shapes.
- the present invention provides an all-solid-state battery including; and a solid electrolyte.
- the granule layer is composed of multiple layers having particles of different shapes, thereby increasing the electrical conductivity of the granules and simultaneously performing granule sheeting. ) has the advantage of having uniform surface flatness and excellent adhesion to solid electrolytes.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram showing that the anode surface is flattened by the point-shaped conductive material of the outer granular layer in the anode for an all-solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is an image of the surface of granules containing a point-shaped conductive material observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- Figure 4 is an image of the surface of granules containing a linear conductive material observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery includes a metal current collector, an inner granular layer located on one side of the metal current collector and containing an active material, a conductive material, and a binder in the form of granules, and an active material laminated on the surface side of the inner granular layer, It includes an outer granular layer containing a conductive material and a binder in the form of granules, and the conductive material of the inner granular layer and the conductive material of the outer granular layer have different shapes.
- all-solid-state batteries using sulfide-based solid electrolytes are based on the dry electrode method, which enables the implementation of high loading electrodes compared to the wet electrode method.
- the 'Granule powder sheeting method using spray drying method' is mainly used, which has advantages over the PTFE fiberization method.
- granule powder refers to particles composed of an active material, a conductive material, and a binder. After the granules are stacked (or loaded) on the electrode current collector in the above manner, heat and pressure are applied to form a sheet. Electrodes can be manufactured by forming them into shapes. And, an all-solid-state battery can be manufactured by attaching a solid electrolyte to an electrode manufactured in this manner and environment.
- single-walled carbon nanotubes which are linear conductive materials, are good in terms of battery performance in that they exhibit excellent electrical conductivity, but they have a fatal drawback (problem of incomplete adhesion with solid electrolyte) when manufacturing electrodes or batteries.
- the conductive material is sometimes applied as a point-type conductive material such as carbon black (CB), and in this case, a uniform surface is formed when the granules are sheeted.
- CB carbon black
- the conductive material contained in the granules is applied as a point-shaped conductive material, a problem occurs in which the point-shaped conductive material migrates (moving to the outer side of the granule due to density difference) during the drying process after granule production.
- the present applicant has presented only the advantages of applying the conductive material included in the granules of the electrode as a linear conductive material and the advantage of applying it as a point-shaped conductive material (i.e., the conductive material included in the granules of the electrode has a linear conductive material).
- the manufacturing of electrodes and batteries is facilitated and the performance of the batteries is also improved.
- the granules included in the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery are particles containing an active material, a conductive material, and a binder, and may have an overall spherical shape.
- the sphere here does not mean a perfect sphere in the strict sense, but is generally used as a comprehensive concept that includes even round particles.
- the active material which is a powder-like fine particle, is combined with a conductive material through a binder solution and grows into particles with a specific range of specifications.
- the granules are spherical particles with an average diameter of 30 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the diameter means the largest value among the distances from one point on the particle surface to another point.
- the average diameter of the granules may be 30 ⁇ m or more, 35 ⁇ m or more, 40 ⁇ m or more, 45 ⁇ m or more, 50 ⁇ m or more, 150 ⁇ m or less, 145 ⁇ m or less, 140 ⁇ m or less, 135 ⁇ m or less, 130 ⁇ m or less. , may be 125 ⁇ m or less, 120 ⁇ m or less.
- the average diameter of the granules is less than 30 ⁇ m, the pores in the granule layer are small, so the amount of sulfide-based solid electrolyte penetrates between the granules and is coated is reduced, so the performance of the battery may not be clearly improved, and the average diameter of the granules may be reduced. If it exceeds 150 ⁇ m, the distance between the surface in contact with the sulfide-based solid electrolyte and the center of the granule becomes large, so improvement in battery performance may not be evident.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the biggest feature of the present invention is that the granular layer located on one side of the positive electrode metal current collector is composed of multiple layers, preferably two layers of granular layers on one side of the positive metal current collector 100 as shown in FIG. 1. That is, the inner granular layer 200 and the outer granular layer 300 may be sequentially laminated.
- the conductive material contained in the inner granular layer 200 and the conductive material contained in the outer granular layer 300 are different from each other.
- the conductive material included in the inner granular layer 200 and the conductive material included in the outer granular layer 300 may have different shapes. More preferably, the shape and type of the conductive material included in the inner granular layer 200 and the conductive material included in the outer granular layer 300 may be different from each other.
- the conductive material contained in the inner granular layer 200 located facing one surface of the positive metal current collector 100 includes linear particles.
- the conductive material contained in the outer granular layer 300 laminated on the surface side of the inner granular layer 200 (the opposite side of the inner granular layer 200 that does not contact the anode metal current collector 100) includes point-shaped particles. do.
- a conductive material containing linear particles i.e., linear conductive material
- a conductive material containing point-shaped particles i.e., point-shaped conductive material
- the linear conductive material included in the inner granular layer 200 is a carbon nanotube made of linear particles, and is preferably a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) made of linear particles.
- SWCNT single-walled carbon nanotube
- electrical conductivity is improved and the migration phenomenon of the conductive material is improved.
- the formation of a uniform surface is disadvantageous when sheeting the granules on the positive electrode current collector (i.e., uneven surface leveling), there is a problem of incomplete adhesion with the solid electrolyte in contact with the electrode. .
- Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram showing that the anode surface is flattened by the point-shaped conductive material of the outer granular layer in the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the outer granular layer ( The granules of 300) are embedded in the pores between the granules of the inner granular layer 200 containing a linear conductive material, and the granules of the outer granular layer 300 containing a point-shaped conductive material are positioned uniformly thereon to make the anode surface flat. You can see roughly what it looks like.
- carbon black may be used as such a point-shaped conductive material.
- CB carbon black
- the shape and physical properties of the carbon black particles are similar or identical, It can be applied as a point-shaped conductive material of the invention.
- the thickness ratio of the inner granular layer 200 and the outer granular layer 300 may be 4:1 to 8:1.
- the thickness of the inner granular layer 200 refers to the thickness of the thickest part from the place in contact with the positive metal current collector 100 to the place in contact with the outer granular layer 300
- the thickness of the outer granular layer 300 Thickness refers to the thickness of the thinnest part from the anode surface (that is, the surface of the outer granular layer that does not contact the inner granular layer) to the point that contacts the inner granular layer 200.
- the thickness of the entire granular layer 200, 300 which includes the inner granular layer 200 and the outer granular layer 300, and may have different thicknesses depending on the purpose of the battery.
- the total thickness of the granular layers 200 and 300 at this time may be 50 to 400 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the inner granular layer 200 may be 40 to 240 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the outer granular layer 300 may be 10 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the preferred linear conductive material included in the inner granular layer 200 that is, single-walled carbon nanotubes
- the single-walled carbon nanotubes are advantageous for improving battery performance because they have a structure that is advantageous for contacting active materials even with a lower weight than multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the single-walled carbon nanotube may have a single-molecule fiber structure.
- the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube may be 1 to 10 nm.
- the diameter refers to the largest value among the distances from one outermost point to another point based on the circular cross-section of the single-walled carbon nanotube.
- the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube may be 1 nm or more, 2 nm or more, 3 nm or more, and 10 nm or less, 9 nm or less, and 8 nm or less.
- the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube is less than 1 nm, the outer area of the single-walled carbon nanotube is small, which reduces the area in contact with the active material, making it difficult to form an effective structure between the active materials, and the degree of improvement in battery performance may be minimal. .
- the diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotube exceeds 10 nm, it is difficult to tightly connect the active materials, making it impossible to systematically cover a large amount of active material relative to the input weight of the single-walled carbon nanotube, thereby reducing the performance of the battery.
- the degree of improvement may be minimal.
- the single-walled carbon nanotube may have a BET specific surface area of 400 to 1,000 m 2 /g.
- the BET specific surface area is a specific surface area measured through the BET method. Specifically, it is preferable to calculate the amount of nitrogen gas adsorption under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mini II of BEL Japan.
- the BET specific surface area of the single-walled carbon nanotube may be 400 m 2 /g or more, 450 m 2 /g or more, 500 m 2 /g or more, 1,000 m 2 /g or less, 950 m 2 /g or less.
- the BET specific surface area of the single-walled carbon nanotube is less than 400 m 2 /g, the area in contact with the active material relative to the weight of the single-walled carbon nanotube is reduced, so the improvement in battery performance may be minimal.
- the BET specific surface area of the single-walled carbon nanotube exceeds 1,000 m 2 /g, the battery performance may not be clearly improved because it cannot easily contact the active material or solid electrolyte as much as the excess specific surface area. You can.
- the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery according to the present invention includes an inner granular layer 200 and an outer granular layer 300, and the inner granular layer 200 and the outer granular layer 300 each granulate an active material, a conductive material, and a binder. Included in the form.
- the active material can be used without limitation as long as it can be used as a positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the active material included in the inner granular layer 200 and the active material included in the outer granular layer 300 may be a lithium transition metal oxide containing one or more transition metals.
- the binder is mixed with the active material and conductive material, which are fine particles in powder form, and helps the growth of particles by binding each component. Since sulfide-based solid electrolytes have characteristics that are sensitive to moisture, such as generating H 2 S gas when in contact with moisture, it is desirable to exclude moisture as much as possible from the time of forming granules.
- the binder included in the inner granular layer 200 and the binder included in the outer granular layer 300 may be an organic binder, and the organic binder is dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent, especially N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). It refers to a binder and is distinguished from aqueous binders that use water as a solvent or dispersion medium.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the binder included in the inner granular layer 200 and the binder included in the outer granular layer 300 are independently polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer ( PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyimide, polyamidoimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer ( EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butyrene rubber, and fluororubber, but is not limited thereto.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- polyvinyl alcohol starch
- each of the inner granular layer 200 and the outer granular layer 300 may include an active material, a conductive material, and a binder as follows. That is, each of the inner granular layer 200 and the outer granular layer 300 contains 85 to 99.8% by weight of the active material, preferably 88 to 99.5% by weight, and more preferably 90 to 99.3% by weight, and 0.1 to 99.3% by weight of the binder. 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 8% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 7% by weight, and 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 8% by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 7% by weight of the conductive material. It may contain 7% by weight.
- the granules constituting each of the inner granule layer 200 and the outer granule layer 300 may have a porosity of 10 to 40%.
- the porosity of the granule refers to the volume ratio of pores in the granule, and the porosity may be measured by, for example, the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) measurement method or the mercury permeation method (Hg porosimeter), but is not limited thereto. .
- the porosity of the granules may be 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, and may be 40% or less, 35% or less, and 30% or less.
- the porosity of the granules is less than 10%, it is difficult for the sulfide-based solid electrolyte to come into close contact with the granules, so the degree of improvement in battery performance may be minimal.
- the porosity of the granules exceeds 40%, the amount of active material is reduced compared to the volume of the granules, making it difficult to provide a high loading electrode, so there may not be a clear improvement in battery performance.
- the granules included in the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery according to the present invention are coated with a solid electrolyte on at least part or all of the surface. It may have happened. Additionally, the solid electrolyte may be impregnated and positioned in the pores between granules included in the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery.
- the positive electrode for the all-solid-state battery is a solid electrolyte coated and positioned on the surfaces of the granules included in the inner granule layer 200 and the granules included in the outer granule layer 300; and the anode is impregnated between the granules. It further includes a solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte may include one or more selected from a sulfide-based solid electrolyte, a polymer-based solid electrolyte, and an oxide-based solid electrolyte, and may preferably include only a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte is a liquid state obtained by dissolving the solid sulfide-based electrolyte, and is impregnated with the granules included in the inner granular layer 200, the granules included in the outer granular layer 300, and between them, and then hardened through drying. By doing so, it can be coated on the surface of the granules and also positioned between the granules.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte may contain a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is an ionizable lithium salt and may be expressed as Li +
- the anions of this lithium salt are not particularly limited, but include F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte contains sulfur (S) and has ionic conductivity of a metal belonging to Group 1 or 2 of the periodic table, and may include Li-PS-based glass or Li-PS-based glass ceramic.
- Non-limiting examples of such sulfide-based solid electrolytes include Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-LiI-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-LiI-Li 2 OP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-LiBr-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-LiCl-P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-Li 2 OP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-Li 3 PO 4 -P 2 S 5 , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -P 2 O 5 , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -SiS 2 , Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -SnS, Li 2 SP 2 S 5 -Al 2 S 3 , Li 2 S-GeS 2 and Li 2 S-GeS 2 -Z
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte When the sulfide-based solid electrolyte is coated on the granules of the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery, the sulfide-based solid electrolyte may be included in an amount of 20 to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the granules. If the sulfide-based solid electrolyte is included in an amount exceeding 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total content of the granules, the loading amount of the positive electrode active material is relatively reduced, which may have a negative effect on improving battery performance.
- the method of manufacturing the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery involves manufacturing inner granules containing an active material, a linear conductive material, and a binder in the form of granules, applying them on the positive electrode metal current collector 100, and then rolling them to form the inner side in the form of a sheet.
- the method of manufacturing the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery further includes the step of injecting and drying the inner granular layer 200, the outer granular layer 300, and a sulfide-based electrolyte between them, if necessary. Then, the cured sulfide-based solid electrolyte is coated on the surface of the granules and impregnated between the granules.
- the all-solid-state battery includes the anode, cathode, and solid electrolyte for the all-solid-state battery described above.
- the solid electrolyte may be located between the surface of the granules included in the positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery, respectively (that is, the solid electrolyte may be included in the positive electrode).
- the solid electrolyte may be located between the anode and the cathode as a layered film in addition to being included in the anode.
- This solid electrolyte layer can play the same role as a separator in a typical lithium secondary battery (i.e., electrically insulating the cathode and anode while simultaneously allowing lithium ions to pass through).
- the solid electrolyte is a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- the all-solid-state battery can be used as a semi-solid battery, including a liquid electrolyte, if necessary, and in this case, a separate polymer separator may be additionally needed.
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode active material that can be used in lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the negative electrode active material may include carbon such as non-graphitized carbon or graphitic carbon; Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 ) , Sn : Al, B, P, Si, elements of groups 1, 2, and 3 of the periodic table, halogen; metal complex oxides such as 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3;1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); lithium metal; lithium alloy; silicon-based alloy; tin-based alloy; SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 and metal oxides such as Bi 2 O 5 ; Conductive polymers such as polyacetylene; Li-Co-Ni based materials
- the present invention provides a battery module including the all-solid-state battery as a unit cell, a battery pack including the battery module, and a device including the battery pack as a power source.
- the device include a power tool that is powered by an electric motor and moves; Electric vehicles, including Electric Vehicle (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), etc.; Electric two-wheeled vehicles, including electric bicycles (E-bikes) and electric scooters (E-scooters); electric golf cart; and power storage systems; Examples include, but are not limited to, these.
- NCM 622 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2
- NCM 622 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2
- a linear single-walled carbon nanotube (diameter: about 5 nm, BET specific surface area: about 600) as the conductive material.
- m 2 /g a slurry prepared by mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder at a weight ratio of 94:3:3 was spray-dried to produce inner granules with an average diameter of about 60 ⁇ m (porosity: 30%). ) was manufactured, then it was applied to one side of an aluminum current collector with a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m to form an inner granular layer with a thickness of about 240 ⁇ m and then rolled.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NCM 622 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2
- dot-shaped carbon black primary particle diameter: about 35 nm, BET specific surface area: about 65
- a slurry prepared by mixing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder at a weight ratio of 94:3:3 was spray-dried to form external granules with an average diameter of about 60 ⁇ m (porosity: 30%). ) was prepared, and then applied to the surface of the formed inner granular layer to form an outer granular layer with a thickness of about 60 ⁇ m and then rolled.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the formed inner granular layer and outer granular layer were impregnated with sulfide-based electrolyte (Li 2 SP 2 S 5 ) in an amount of about 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the granules, dried, and rolled to prepare a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery.
- sulfide-based electrolyte Li 2 SP 2 S 5
- a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the outer granular layer was not formed on the surface of the inner granular layer.
- a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the composition of the inner granular layer was replaced with that of the outer granular layer and the outer granular layer was not formed.
- a positive electrode for an all-solid-state battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the composition of the inner granular layer and the outer granular layer were exchanged.
- FIG. 3 is an image of the surface of a granule containing a point-like conductive material observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- a in FIG. 3 is an image observed at 1,000 magnification
- B in FIG. 3 is an image observed at 5,000 magnification.
- Figure 4 is an image of the surface of a granule containing a linear conductive material observed with a scanning electron microscope, where a in Figure 4 is an image observed at 1,000 magnification, and Figure 4 b is an image observed at 5,000 magnification.
- the surface of the granule containing the linear conductive material was non-uniform and had a high degree of roughness ( Figure 4), whereas the surface of the granule containing the point-shaped conductive material (carbon black) was high. It was confirmed that the surface of the granule was relatively smooth compared to the surface of the granule containing a linear conductive material (single-walled carbon nanotube).
- the present applicant applied a linear conductive material to the inner granular layer as in Example 1 above, and laminated an outer granular layer to which a point-shaped conductive material was applied on top of the inner granular layer. That is, with this configuration, not only are the granules of the outer granular layer containing the point-shaped conductive material incorporated into the pores between the granules of the inner granular layer containing the linear conductive material, but also the granules containing the point-shaped conductive material are uniformly distributed thereon. This is because it is positioned to flatten the surface of the anode. Accordingly, it is possible to form an anode with a uniform surface, thereby dramatically improving the adhesion with the solid electrolyte in contact with the electrode.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 금속 집전체;상기 금속 집전체의 일면에 위치하며 활물질, 도전재 및 바인더를 과립 형태로 포함하는 내측 과립층; 및상기 내측 과립층의 표면 측에 적층되며 활물질, 도전재 및 바인더를 과립 형태로 포함하는 외측 과립층;을 포함하며,상기 내측 과립층의 도전재와 상기 외측 과립층의 도전재는 서로 형상이 다른 것을 특징으로 하는 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 내측 과립층에 포함된 도전재와 상기 외측 과립층에 포함된 도전재는 서로 형상 및 종류가 다른 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 내측 과립층에 포함된 도전재는 선형의 입자를 포함하고, 상기 외측 과립층에 포함된 도전재는 점형의 입자를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 3에 있어서, 상기 내측 과립층에 포함된 도전재는 선형의 입자로 이루어진 탄소나노튜브이고, 상기 외측 과립층에 포함된 도전재는 점형의 입자로 이루어진 카본 블랙인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 4에 있어서, 상기 내측 과립층에 포함된 도전재는 선형의 입자로 이루어진 단일벽 탄소나노튜브인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 내측 과립층과 외측 과립층의 두께비는 4 : 1 내지 8 : 1이고,상기 내측 과립층의 두께는 집전체와 맞닿은 곳에서부터 외측 과립층과 맞닿은 곳까지의 두께가 가장 두꺼운 부분의 두께이며,상기 외측 과립층의 두께는 양극 표면에서부터 내측 과립층과 맞닿은 곳까지의 두께가 가장 얇은 부분의 두께인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 내측 과립층에 포함되는 활물질과 상기 외측 과립층에 포함되는 활물질은 서로 독립적으로 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, Li2MnO3, LiMn2O4, Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LiNi1-yCoyO2(O<y<1), LiCo1-yMnyO2, LiNi1-yMnyO2(O<y<1), Li(NiaCobMnc)O4(0<a<2, 0<b<2, 0<c<2, a+b+c=2), LiMn2-zNizO4(0<z<2), LiMn2-zCozO4(0<z<2) 및 이의 조합으로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 내측 과립층에 포함되는 바인더와 상기 외측 과립층에 포함되는 바인더는 서로 독립적으로 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드(PVDF), 비닐리덴플루오라이드-헥사플루오로프로필렌 코폴리머(PVDF-co-HFP), 폴리비닐알코올, 전분, 히드록시프로필셀룰로우즈, 재생 셀룰로우즈, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 폴리이미드, 폴리아미드이미드, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 에틸렌-프로필렌-디엔 모노머(EPDM), 술폰화 EPDM, 스티렌 브티렌 고무 및 불소 고무로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 3에 있어서, 상기 선형 도전재를 포함하는 내측 과립층의 과립들 사이 공극에 점형 도전재를 포함하는 외측 과립층의 과립들이 함입되고, 그 위에 점형 도전재를 포함하는 외측 과립층의 과립들이 균일하게 위치하여 양극의 표면을 편평하게 하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 전고체 전지용 양극은, 내측 과립층에 포함된 과립과 외측 과립층에 포함된 과립의 표면에 코팅되어 위치하는 고체 전해질;과 상기 과립들의 사이 공극에 함침되어 위치하는 고체 전해질;을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 고체 전해질이 황화물계 고체 전해질인 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지용 양극.
- 활물질, 선형 도전재 및 바인더를 과립 형태로 포함하는 내측용 과립을 제조하여 양극 금속 집전체 상에 도포한 후 압연하여 시트 형태의 내측 과립층을 형성시키는 단계; 및활물질, 점형 도전재 및 바인더를 과립 형태로 포함하는 외측용 과립을 제조하여 상기 제조된 내측 과립층의 표면에 도포한 후 압연하여 시트 형태의 외측 과립층을 형성시키는 단계;를 포함하며,상기 내측 과립층의 도전재와 상기 외측 과립층의 도전재는 서로 형상이 다른 것을 특징으로 하는 전고체 전지용 양극의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 전고체 전지용 양극의 제조 방법은, 상기 내측 과립층, 외측 과립층 및 이들의 사이에 황화물계 전해질을 주입 및 건조시키는 단계를 더 포함하는, 전고체 전지용 양극의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 1의 전고체 전지용 양극; 음극; 및 고체 전해질;을 포함하는 전고체 전지.
- 청구항 14에 있어서, 상기 고체 전해질은 상기 전고체 전지용 양극에 포함되는 과립의 표면과 과립의 사이에 각각 위치하고, 상기 양극 및 음극의 사이에도 층상 구조의 막으로서 위치하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 전고체 전지.
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| EP23816337.2A EP4407707A4 (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2023-05-30 | POSITIVE ELECTRODE FOR ALL-SOLID BATTERY, ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS, AND ALL-SOLID BATTERY INCLUDING THE POSITIVE ELECTRODE |
| JP2024532939A JP2024542770A (ja) | 2022-05-31 | 2023-05-30 | 全固体電池用正極、その製造方法及び前記正極を含む全固体電池 |
| US18/705,434 US20250015343A1 (en) | 2022-05-31 | 2023-05-30 | Cathode for all-solid-state battery, method of preparing the same, and all-solid-state battery including the cathode |
| CN202380014513.5A CN118251777A (zh) | 2022-05-31 | 2023-05-30 | 全固态电池用正极、其制备方法以及包含该正极的全固态电池 |
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- 2022-05-31 KR KR1020220067157A patent/KR102952948B1/ko active Active
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- 2023-05-30 WO PCT/KR2023/007387 patent/WO2023234676A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-30 JP JP2024532939A patent/JP2024542770A/ja active Pending
- 2023-05-30 EP EP23816337.2A patent/EP4407707A4/en active Pending
- 2023-05-30 US US18/705,434 patent/US20250015343A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-30 CN CN202380014513.5A patent/CN118251777A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2024542770A (ja) | 2024-11-15 |
| KR102952948B1 (ko) | 2026-04-14 |
| EP4407707A4 (en) | 2025-11-26 |
| CN118251777A (zh) | 2024-06-25 |
| EP4407707A1 (en) | 2024-07-31 |
| US20250015343A1 (en) | 2025-01-09 |
| KR20230166752A (ko) | 2023-12-07 |
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