WO2024062187A1 - Électrode transparente conductrice organique pour le remplacement de l'électrode ito dans les modules photovoltaïque organiques compatibles avec un environnement intérieur - Google Patents
Électrode transparente conductrice organique pour le remplacement de l'électrode ito dans les modules photovoltaïque organiques compatibles avec un environnement intérieur Download PDFInfo
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- H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
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- H10K71/15—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating characterised by the solvent used
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- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
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- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/115—Polyfluorene; Derivatives thereof
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- H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
- H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
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- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to photovoltaic modules, and in particular to photovoltaic modules comprising several organic photovoltaic cells (usually designated by the English acronym OPC for “Organic Photovoltaic Cells”).
- Organic photovoltaic cell means, for the purposes of the present invention, a photovoltaic cell of which at least the active layer is made of an organic material.
- Photovoltaic modules comprising organic photovoltaic cells represent a real interest in the field of photovoltaics. Indeed, the possibility of substituting inorganic semiconductors generally used in photovoltaic cells, such as silicon, copper, indium, gallium, selenium, or even cadmium telluride, makes it possible to increase the number of feasible systems and therefore the possibilities of use. The development of marketable photovoltaic modules comprising several organic photovoltaic cells currently represents a major challenge.
- a first interfacial layer 9 for example in PEDOT:PSS, is arranged on a layer of indium-tin oxide 3 (generally designated by the English acronym ITO for “Indium Tin Oxide”) used as a lower electrode, serving here as an anode and is itself applied to a support.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- This indium-tin oxide layer is made up of a metal oxide which, in addition to conducting current, offers the property of being relatively transparent from 350 nm. It is the most commonly used material for collecting holes in the case of normal structure organic photovoltaic cells.
- a photovoltaic active layer 5 which can for example be based on PsHTPCBM, and above this photovoltaic active layer 5 is applied a second interfacial layer 6 above which is applied an opaque upper electrode 7 usually made of aluminum, or silver when this layer is applied by inkjet printing, and which serves here as a cathode.
- the two electrodes, i.e. the lower electrode and the upper electrode, used in the photovoltaic cell must have specific properties to allow their integration into organic photovoltaic cells. On the one hand, the two electrodes must have conductivities high enough to allow the collection of a maximum of charges. On the other hand, the transparency of the lower electrode, that is to say generally the indium-tin oxide layer, is also a fundamental characteristic to increase the number of photo-generated charges in the active layer .
- photovoltaic cells with an inverse structure There are also currently photovoltaic cells with an inverse structure.
- the major difference compared to the classic structure relates to the fact that the PEDOT:PSS interfacial layer is located between the active layer and the upper electrode which is here the anode.
- the indium oxide layer which is then assimilated to the lower electrode, serves as a cathode and therefore it will collect the electrons.
- photovoltaic cells with an inverse structure have the advantage of having better stability in air than cells photovoltaics with a conventional structure, and in addition to generally having higher conversion efficiencies.
- conversion efficiency of a photovoltaic cell we mean, within the meaning of the present invention, the ratio of the maximum electrical power delivered by the cell to the incident light power, for a given spectral distribution and intensity.
- the photovoltaic modules of the current state of the art are exposed to external radiation, that is to say exposed to ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared radiation and can reach light intensities greater than 5000 lux and in particular to radiation under standard conditions AM1.5 which corresponds to an exposure light intensity having a power of 100 mW/cm2 which is equivalent to a light intensity approximately equal to 100,000 lux (corresponding to a power approximately equal to 1000 W/ m2 ).
- UV ultraviolet
- AM1.5 which corresponds to an exposure light intensity having a power of 100 mW/cm2 which is equivalent to a light intensity approximately equal to 100,000 lux (corresponding to a power approximately equal to 1000 W/ m2 ).
- the high number of photo-generated charges requires the use of an anode with very high electrical conductivity to guarantee good collection of photo-generated charges in the active layer so as to minimize, among other things, the phenomenon of accumulation of charges.
- the high number of photo-generated charges requires the use of an anode with very high electrical conductivity to guarantee good collection, in the active layer, of photo-generated charges so as to minimize the accumulation phenomenon at the level of the interfacial layers.
- the upper electrode or anode
- the conversion efficiency can reach, on a laboratory scale, values greater than 15% for organic photovoltaic cells.
- photovoltaic modules comprising this type of photovoltaic cells have low conversion efficiencies, the latter being in particular divided by two or more compared to those obtained on a laboratory scale with cells manufactured under a controlled atmosphere (inert gas such as nitrogen). Consequently, these photovoltaic modules do not allow them to be used effectively and sustainably under indoor radiation, that is to say under a power lower than 16.2 W/m 2 when the light intensity is less than 5000 lux, preferably less than 6.4 W/m 2 when the light intensity is less than 2000 lux, or even less than 3.3 W/m 2 when the light intensity is less than 1000 lux .
- this low conversion efficiency when the photovoltaic modules are exposed to interior radiation, is in particular due to the fact that the photovoltaic modules comprising organic photovoltaic cells with an inverse structure to the current state of the art have a resistance high series linked to the number of layers forming the organic photovoltaic cell and therefore the photovoltaic module.
- these photovoltaic modules have insufficient shunt resistances (or parallel resistances) (i.e. not high enough), the shunt resistances continuing to decrease with the drop in light intensity. These resistors therefore do not make it possible to optimize the performance and the fill factor of this type of organic photovoltaic modules.
- the shunt resistance must be large enough for better output power and a good fill factor of the photovoltaic module. Indeed, for a low shunt resistance, the current drops sharply which means that the power loss is high and the fill factor is low.
- the low conversion efficiency of this type of photovoltaic modules is also due to the fact that they have high dead surfaces which are linked to the fact that the deposition of the different layers constituting each of the organic photovoltaic cells, at inverse structure in particular, are applied to the support offset, so that each layer of the organic photovoltaic cell is partly in contact with the support in order to avoid the creation of short circuits which can be caused by the reverse feedback effect material deposited in the liquid state for example. Consequently, photovoltaic modules comprising organic photovoltaic cells with an inverse structure to the current state of the art have low active surfaces which does not make it possible to generate sufficient photocurrent when the incident light intensity is low.
- the indium-tin oxide layer used as cathode has numerous advantages and interesting electronic properties, it also has certain disadvantages. Indeed, the availability of the materials constituting the indium-tin oxide layer, the cost of raw materials, the process associated with its implementation and its application to create the layer are all disadvantages to note. Furthermore, the techniques for deposition of the material to create the indium-tin oxide layer use techniques that are difficult to match with conventional deposition technologies. Indeed, the indium-tin oxide layer is generally structured so as to form a continuous film on a rigid or flexible substrate. The implementation of this film is usually done by chemical etching method (for example using acids) or by laser ablation.
- one of the aims of the invention is to remedy at least in part the inadequacies of photovoltaic modules, and of their manufacturing process, of the state of the art.
- the invention relates to a photovoltaic module comprising:
- each of said two photovoltaic cells comprising: i. a lower electrode consisting of two layers: a first layer comprising a polymer mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and sodium poly(styrene-sulfonate) covering the support and having an average thickness of between 50 nm and 150 nm and an organic fibrous structure, and a second layer based on a polymer or organic molecule covering said first layer, the electrode lower having a lower surface in contact with the support and an upper surface, it. a photovoltaic active layer covering said upper surface of said lower electrode; ill.
- an upper electrode comprising a polymer mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) covering said photovoltaic active layer, said electrode being continuous, having an average thickness of between 100 nm and 400 nm and a organic fibrous structure, the upper electrode of the first photovoltaic cell being in contact with said second layer of said lower electrode of the second photovoltaic cell.
- the invention makes it possible to overcome the disadvantages inherent in the use of a tin oxide electrode such as the disadvantages cited above, in particular those linked to the complexity of deposition , engraving, or even cleaning while providing a photovoltaic module which can be used under indoor radiation.
- the indium-tin oxide layer generally used as a cathode in photovoltaic modules comprising photovoltaic cells with an inverse structure of the prior art cannot be used without the presence of a first interfacial layer between it and the active layer. Indeed, the presence of the first interfacial layer is then currently necessary in the cells to facilitate the transfer of charges between each of the layers, this in particular due to the output work of the indium-tin oxide layer which is high , in particular approximately equal to 4.7 eV.
- the invention then has the advantage of overcoming this problem by providing a lower electrode made up of two layers.
- the second layer based on a polymer or organic molecule makes it possible to reduce the energy barrier between the active layer and the first layer of the lower electrode by reducing the output work of the latter.
- we ultimately have an ohmic contact which is favorable to the collection of charges, particularly in the collection of electrons.
- the adsorption of the polymer or the organic molecule due to the transfer of charges, in particular protons, from the hydroxyl groups to the amino groups, generates a dipole opposite to A0 (A0 being a surface dipole ) leading to a reduction in A0, which allows the reduction of the output work of the lower electrode.
- the second layer of the lower electrode also plays the role of barrier to block the passing positive charges, which leads to a further increase in the performance of the photovoltaic modules following a reduction in leakage currents.
- the invention according to this first aspect also makes it possible to have a photovoltaic module which is free of a layer of indium-tin oxide used as a lower electrode, this layer being generally used in photovoltaic modules of the prior art.
- the lower electrode here is made up of two layers, we can then designate this lower electrode as being a two-layer lower electrode. Each of the layers constituting the lower electrode is organic.
- a transparent support we can for example cite supports made of polyethylene teraphthalate (commonly referred to by the acronym PET), polyethylene naphthalate (commonly referred to by the acronym PEN) or even glass.
- PET polyethylene teraphthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- Having a bilayer allows the photovoltaic module to operate to the extent that it is necessary for the output work of the lower electrode to be different from that of the upper electrode.
- the fact of using the second layer based on a polymer or organic molecule makes it possible to structurally differentiate the lower electrode from the upper electrode.
- the presence of this second layer based on a polymer or organic molecule allows the bilayer lower electrode to ensure both, on the one hand, the role of first interfacial layer (or electron transfer layer ), and on the other hand, to also ensure the role of modifier of the work function of the polymer mixture of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and sodium poly (styrene-sulfonate).
- the material constituting the first layer of the lower electrode may be the same as that constituting the upper electrode.
- the material constituting the first layer of the lower electrode may be the same as that constituting the upper electrode.
- the materials used for the manufacture of the upper electrode, and therefore possibly the first layer of the lower electrode are present in abundance and made up of organic materials.
- the lower electrode can be sufficiently transparent to allow the passage of photons from the support to the active layers so as to collect the maximum possible photo-generated charges.
- the thickness of the second layer of the lower electrode may be between 2 and 5 nm and may include amine groups on its lower surface in contact with the upper surface of the first layer. of the lower electrode.
- the second layer of the lower electrode can be continuous, transparent, and free of metal oxide.
- a second layer of the non-toxic lower electrode can be obtained.
- the upper electrode can have a square surface resistance of between 50 Q/n and 300 Q/n. This square resistance is obtained by manufacturing a layer by inkjet printing.
- the upper electrode may have an RMS roughness (Root mean square (RMS) in English) equal to or less than 5 nm.
- RMS Root mean square
- the second layer of the lower electrode may have an RMS roughness equal to or less than 5 nm.
- the second layer of the lower electrode may comprise nitrogen.
- the layers constituting the module are all organic so as to obtain a module which is ecological. Consequently, the photovoltaic module can be organic, in the sense that the module only comprises organic printed layers.
- the polymer or organic molecule can be chosen from Poly(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammoinium-propyl-2,7-fluorene )-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene))dibromide (PFN-Br), polyethyleneimine (PEI), ethoxylated polyethyleneimine (PEIE), Poly [(9,9- bis(3'-( N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)] (PFN), N,N'
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module as defined above, comprising the following steps: a) providing a transparent support; b) production on said support of two layers of a first lower electrode layer comprising a polymer mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and sodium poly(styrene-sulfonate), c) production on each of the two layers a first lower electrode layer of a second lower electrode layer based on a polymer or organic molecule, d) production on each of the two layers of a second lower electrode layer of one of a photovoltaic active layer; e) production on said photovoltaic active layer of an upper electrode; said method being characterized in that steps b), c), d) and e) are each carried out by deposition of ink compositions by digital inkjet printing, followed by heat treatment.
- the invention makes it possible to manufacture a photovoltaic module comprising a two-layer lower electrode made from two different ink compositions by digital inkjet printing.
- These two compositions are both preferably made based on non-toxic solvents known to those skilled in the art and based on organic materials so as to allow their deposition in ambient air by digital inkjet printing.
- steps b) and c) of producing the first and second layers of lower electrodes respectively are simple to implement insofar as these steps make it possible to dispense with a step of structuring the indium-tin oxide layer currently used in the state of the art.
- the fact that all steps of the process are carried out by deposition of ink compositions by digital inkjet printing makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing costs of the photovoltaic module.
- the chemical etching step generally implemented for structuring the lower electrode, which comprises for example tin-indium oxide, in the photovoltaic modules of the prior art requires several under costly stages, in particular due to the duration of implementation of the etching, the costs inherent in the use of a crosslinkable resin and the use of deposition equipment.
- this chemical etching step is generally at least made up of several sub-steps: a step of applying a mask, an effective etching step (using for example one or more acid baths) and a step cleaning tool to remove the remaining part of the mask.
- the heat treatment of step b) can be an annealing treatment carried out at a temperature of between 100°C and 160°C, for a duration of between 1 and 5 minutes.
- the heat treatment of step c) can be an annealing treatment carried out at a temperature of between 100°C and 160°C, for a duration of between 1 and 5 minutes.
- the wettability of the composition from which the first lower electrode layer is derived can preferably be compatible with flexible substrates made of polyethylene terephthalate for example, to facilitate the formation of a film continuous with well-defined edges by digital inkjet printing.
- the composition below can be applied by digital inkjet printing to the support, said composition having a viscosity of between 2 and 50 mPa.s at 20°C and comprising:
- the polymer or organic molecule has the advantage of not being sensitive to UV radiation, this being linked to its intrinsic characteristics which are different from those of metal oxide nanoparticles usually used in the lower electrode layers of photovoltaic modules of the prior art.
- the metal oxides conventionally used in the prior art in the interfacial layers such as TiO2 or ZnO are not very effective under solar irradiation due to their high gap energy which only allows their activation using UV radiation. . This activation will allow the charges (electrons) to circulate through the interfacial layer to reach the electrode without being trapped.
- the UV exposure requirement can, however, impose significant problems if the photovoltaic modules are intended for indoor applications where artificial lighting sources are used, generally LEDs which do not emit UV rays.
- the additives make it possible to solubilize the polymer or the organic molecule so as to obtain a composition which is, on the one hand, defined by a high evaporation temperature in order to avoid that the nozzles of an application device by digital inkjet printing does not clog, and secondly, to improve the viscosity of the ink composition.
- the polar solvents are preferably non-toxic in order to guarantee the deposition of the ink composition in ambient air with the nozzles of an industrial application device by digital inkjet printing.
- the polymer or the organic molecule can be chosen from Poly(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammoinium-propyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt -
- said one or more solvents may be chosen from ethanol, isopropanol, hexanole, terpiniole, ethylene glycol, deionized water, a saline phosphate buffer solution, butanol, di-ethylene glycol, glycerol.
- the polymer or the organic molecule may comprise nitrogen.
- FIG 1 represents a schematic sectional view of a photovoltaic cell of conventional structure
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic sectional view of a photovoltaic module comprising photovoltaic cells in a particular mode according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents the characteristic spectrum of the Philips 60x60 cm2 LED panel used in the examples
- FIG 4 represents the transmission spectra of the ITO electrode used for the production of the M2A and M2B modules according to the prior art and of the bilayers used for the production of the M1 A and M1 B modules according to the invention with on the abscissa the wavelength ( ⁇ ) and on the ordinate the transmission (T).
- Figure 1 is described in the preceding presentation of the prior art, while Figure 2 is described in more detail in the examples which follow, which illustrate the invention without limiting its scope.
- a first ink composition E11 for producing a first layer 210A comprising a polymer mixture of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and sodium poly(styrene-sulfonate) discontinuous so that the support or partly covered with a first layer 210A of a bilayer lower electrode 210 of the photovoltaic cells 21 and 22 of the photovoltaic module of Figure 2 o ink E11 comprising:
- Triton X-100 (4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl -polyethylene glycol of formula Oct-C6H4-(OCH2CH2) surfactant.
- a second ink composition for producing a second layer 210B based on a polymer or organic molecule so that the first layer 210A of the bilayer lower electrode 210 is in part covered with a second layer 210B of a bilayer lower electrode 210 to form the cathodes of the different organic photovoltaic cells 21 and 22 of the photovoltaic module of Figure 2 below described:
- E12A ink comprising:
- Solvent 2 deionized water at a mass concentration approximately equal to 3.124% relative to the total weight of the E12A ink
- Solvents, additives and PEI are marketed by Merck® o E12B ink including:
- Solvents, additives and PEIE are marketed by Merck®
- a third E20 ink composition for producing the photovoltaic active layers 211 of the photovoltaic cells 21 and 22 of the photovoltaic module of Figure 2 o polymer mixture of an acceptor fullerene derivative comprising:
- PC60BM [60]PCBM, 3'H-cyclopropa[1,9][5,6]fullerene-C60-lh-3'-butanoic acid 3'-phenyl methyl ester marketed by Special Carbon Products, and
- the PV2000 polymer is present in these third ink compositions at a rate of 15 mg/ml.
- the mass ratio between the PV2000 polymer and the PC60BM is 1:1.5.
- the volume ratio between the O-xylene solvent and the Tetraline additive is 50:50 in these second compositions.
- the third E20 ink composition is kept stirring for 24 hours on a hot plate at 80°C at a speed of 700 RPM.
- a fourth E30 ink composition for producing the upper electrodes 212 (or anode) of the photovoltaic cells 21 and 22 of the photovoltaic module of Figure 2 o PEDOT:PSS marketed by Agfa® under the trade name IJ1005, o Triton X-100 (4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenyl -polyethylene glycol of formula Oct-C6H4-(OCH2CH2) ;
- the thickness of the printed layers is measured using a DektakXT brand tip profilometer sold by BRUKER from a scratch made with a cutter blade (this creates a channel having the thickness of the deposit).
- This is a contact profilometer which measures variations in relief using the vertical movement of a pointed stylus which scans the surface by applying a constant contact force and reveals all the unevenness.
- the sample is placed on a plate which allows it to move with a given speed and over a chosen distance.
- the thickness values presented in this patent application correspond to the average of five measurements taken at six different points on the same step of a sample. Before taking measurements, the length of the scanned area, its duration, the stylus pressing force and the measurement range must be defined.
- the viscosity of a fluid is manifested by its resistance to deformation or to the relative sliding of its layers.
- the velocity of the molecules (v) is maximum in the axis of the tube and decreases to zero at the wall while between the layers a relative shift develops; hence the appearance of tangential friction forces. Tangential forces in fluids depend on the nature of the fluid considered and the regime of its flow.
- the viscometer used is of the Ubbelhode type, it is placed in a thermostat maintained at a constant temperature (25°C in our case study).
- a constant temperature 25°C in our case study.
- This characterization bench includes a closed opaque enclosure (to avoid any light coming from the outside) equipped with an LED type lighting source (in particular a Keithley 2450 Source meter) and a computer with a LabVIEW program allowing automatically measure the performance of the modules (determination of photovoltaic parameters) with a well-defined frequency (for example 10 times per day).
- LED type lighting source in particular a Keithley 2450 Source meter
- LabVIEW program allowing automatically measure the performance of the modules (determination of photovoltaic parameters) with a well-defined frequency (for example 10 times per day).
- the photovoltaic modules are permanently illuminated by a lighting source with a light intensity approximately equal to 1000 lux measured by a luxmeter (in particular by the Chauvin Arnoux Ca 1110 luxmeter) compatible with a wide variety of light sources, including with LED and fluorescent light up to 200,000 lux while complying with class C of standard NF C 42-710.
- a lighting source with a light intensity approximately equal to 1000 lux measured by a luxmeter (in particular by the Chauvin Arnoux Ca 1110 luxmeter) compatible with a wide variety of light sources, including with LED and fluorescent light up to 200,000 lux while complying with class C of standard NF C 42-710.
- the lighting source used to carry out the interior measurements as well as the performance measurements is a Philips 60x60 cm 2 - 4385K LED panel with an emission spectrum in the visible (see the spectrum indicated in Figure 3).
- Characterization of the morphology is a Philips 60x60 cm 2 - 4385K LED panel with an emission spectrum in the visible (see the spectrum indicated in Figure 3).
- AFM International acronym for “Atomic Force Microscope”
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
- EXAMPLE 1 obtaining examples of first E10 ink composition for producing the first layer 210A of the bilayer lower electrode.
- This first E10 ink composition for producing the first lower electrode layer is obtained as follows:
- Triton X-100 are mixed with 10 ml of the filtered PEDOT:PSS solution,
- EXAMPLE 2 obtaining an example of second ink composition E12A and E12B for producing the second layer 210B of the lower electrode 210.
- Step 2 Preparation of the E12A ink formulation:
- the E12B formulation is filtered before any printing using an AC filter having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 0.2 pm.
- EXAMPLE 3 obtaining an example of a third E20 ink composition for producing the photovoltaic active layer 211.
- PC60BM is used as acceptor associated with PV2000 as donor to obtain the E20 ink composition, the composition of which is detailed in Table 1 below:
- the E20 ink composition is obtained as follows:
- the ink is first filtered with an AC filter having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 0.45 micrometers.
- EXAMPLE 4 obtaining an example of a fourth E30 ink composition for producing the upper electrode layer 212. [00094] Obtaining an example of a fourth E30 ink composition for producing the upper electrode layer 212.
- This fourth E30 ink composition for producing the upper electrode layer 212 is obtained as follows:
- PEDOT:PSS (IJ1005) solution is filtered initially stored in a refrigerator with a filter having a cut-off threshold approximately equal to 0.45 pm;
- Triton X-100 are mixed with 10 ml of the filtered PEDOT:PSS solution,
- EXAMPLE 5 obtaining examples of photovoltaic modules according to the invention:
- first layer 210A of lower electrode 210 from composition E10 of Example 1.
- production of these layers by digital inkjet printing of the ink composition E10, then thermal annealing in a convection oven at 145°C for 3 minutes.
- the thickness of the first printed layers 210A of lower electrode 210 is approximately 100 nm with RMS roughnesses less than 5 nm.
- a second layer 210B lower electrode 210 of a photovoltaic active layer 211 Following the application by digital inkjet printing of the ink composition E20 of Example 3 before carrying out thermal annealing in a convection oven at 145°C for 3 minutes.
- the thickness of the printed photovoltaic active layers 211 is approximately equal to 350 nm with RMS roughnesses less than 5 nm.
- each of the photovoltaic active layers 211 of an upper electrode 212 following the application by digital inkjet printing of the ink composition E30 of example 4 before carrying out thermal annealing in a Convection oven at 145°C for 3 minutes.
- the thickness of the printed layers of upper electrode 212 is approximately equal to 500 nm with RMS roughnesses less than 10 nm.
- an electrical contact layer 213 composed of a copper tape with adhesive having a width of 3 mm and a length of 58 mm.
- This tape is marketed by "3M” and cut into strips (3*58 mm2) with a mechanical cutting machine (Kongsberg XE). Then, deposition of this electrical contact layer 213 so that it ensures contact between the upper electrode layer 212 of a first photovoltaic cell of the photovoltaic module (M1A or M1 B) and the second layer 210B d the lower electrode 210 of a second photovoltaic cell of the photovoltaic module (M1A or M1 B).
- a photovoltaic module (either M1 A or M1 B) comprising organic photovoltaic cells 21 and 22 which then comprise, among other things, a two-layer lower electrode according to examples of embodiment of the invention and an upper electrode which has a micrometric organic fibrous structure.
- the first photovoltaic module M2A according to the prior art differs from the photovoltaic modules M1 A and M1 B according to the invention by the presence of a lower electrode comprising a layer of indium-tin oxide and a interfacial layer based on metal oxides, in particular AZO (ZnO Doped Aluminum) and the second photovoltaic module M2B according to the prior art differs from the photovoltaic modules M1 A and M1 B according to the invention by the presence of a lower electrode comprising a layer of indium-tin oxide and an interfacial layer based on metal oxides, in particular Sn ⁇ 2 (tin dioxide).
- AZO is marketed by the company Genesink
- SnO2 is marketed by the company Avantama.
- the photovoltaic modules M2A and M2B according to the prior art were produced in inverse structure with the active layer PV2000: PC60BM and PEDOT: PSS as upper electrode, that is to say with the same active layers and electrodes superior to the examples according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23790721.7A EP4591689A1 (fr) | 2022-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | Électrode transparente conductrice organique pour le remplacement de l'électrode ito dans les modules photovoltaïque organiques compatibles avec un environnement intérieur |
| JP2024574680A JP2025533379A (ja) | 2022-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | 屋内適合性有機光起電力モジュールにおけるito電極交換のための透明有機導電性電極 |
| US18/878,552 US20250380561A1 (en) | 2022-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | Organic transparent conductive electrode for replacement of the ito electrode in indoor-compatible organic photovoltaic modules |
| KR1020247043532A KR20250070002A (ko) | 2022-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | 실내-호환 유기 광기전 모듈에서 ito 전극 교체를 위한 투명 유기 전도성 전극 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2209450A FR3139945A1 (fr) | 2022-09-19 | 2022-09-19 | Module photovoltaïque tout organique compatible avec un environnement intérieur |
| FRFR2209450 | 2022-09-19 | ||
| FR2300126A FR3139944B1 (fr) | 2022-09-19 | 2023-01-05 | Électrode transparente conductrice organique pour le remplacement de l’électrode ITO dans les modules photovoltaïques organiques compatibles avec un environnement intérieur |
| FRFR2300126 | 2023-01-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024062187A1 true WO2024062187A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/FR2023/051423 Ceased WO2024062187A1 (fr) | 2022-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | Électrode transparente conductrice organique pour le remplacement de l'électrode ito dans les modules photovoltaïque organiques compatibles avec un environnement intérieur |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250380561A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4591689A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025533379A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250070002A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024062187A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2960957A1 (fr) | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | Dracula Technologies | Dispositif photovoltaique et son procede de fabrication |
| US20160260919A1 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2016-09-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Photovoltaic Systems and Spray Coating Processes for Producing Photovoltaic Systems |
| WO2021130461A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-07-01 | Dracula Technologies | Module photovoltaïque |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9203030B2 (en) * | 2011-05-16 | 2015-12-01 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Recyclable organic solar cells on substrates comprising cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) |
-
2023
- 2023-09-19 KR KR1020247043532A patent/KR20250070002A/ko active Pending
- 2023-09-19 WO PCT/FR2023/051423 patent/WO2024062187A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-19 US US18/878,552 patent/US20250380561A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-19 JP JP2024574680A patent/JP2025533379A/ja active Pending
- 2023-09-19 EP EP23790721.7A patent/EP4591689A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160260919A1 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2016-09-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Photovoltaic Systems and Spray Coating Processes for Producing Photovoltaic Systems |
| EP2960957A1 (fr) | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | Dracula Technologies | Dispositif photovoltaique et son procede de fabrication |
| WO2021130461A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-07-01 | Dracula Technologies | Module photovoltaïque |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| GIUSEPPINA PACE ET AL: "All-Organic and Fully-Printed Semitransparent Photodetectors Based on Narrow Bandgap Conjugated Molecules", ADVANCED MATERIALS, VCH PUBLISHERS, DE, vol. 26, no. 39, 2 September 2014 (2014-09-02), pages 6773 - 6777, XP071814482, ISSN: 0935-9648, DOI: 10.1002/ADMA.201402918 * |
| PENG, X., YUAN, J., SHEN, S., GAO, M., CHESMAN, A. S. R., YIN, H.: "Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells Fabricated by Inkjet Printing: Progress and Prospects", ADV. FUNCT. MATER., 2017 |
| SHARAF SUMAIYAKAMRAN KARDELADEL EL-SHAHAT, ORGANIC SOLAR CELL BY INKJET PRINTING - AN OVERVIEW., vol. 5, 2017 |
| YINHUA ZHOU ET AL: "A Universal Method to Produce Low-Work Function Electrodes for Organic Electronics", SCIENCE, vol. 336, no. 6079, 22 March 2012 (2012-03-22), US, pages 327 - 332, XP055167781, ISSN: 0036-8075, DOI: 10.1126/science.1218829 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250380561A1 (en) | 2025-12-11 |
| KR20250070002A (ko) | 2025-05-20 |
| EP4591689A1 (fr) | 2025-07-30 |
| JP2025533379A (ja) | 2025-10-07 |
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