WO2024083022A1 - 外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024083022A1
WO2024083022A1 PCT/CN2023/124168 CN2023124168W WO2024083022A1 WO 2024083022 A1 WO2024083022 A1 WO 2024083022A1 CN 2023124168 W CN2023124168 W CN 2023124168W WO 2024083022 A1 WO2024083022 A1 WO 2024083022A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
electrode assembly
edge portion
along
end cover
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/124168
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王利钦
李全坤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP23879013.3A priority Critical patent/EP4510316A4/en
Priority to JP2024566639A priority patent/JP2025517692A/ja
Priority to KR1020247037470A priority patent/KR20250003772A/ko
Publication of WO2024083022A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024083022A1/zh
Priority to US18/949,440 priority patent/US20250079574A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a housing, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • batteries are widely used in electrical equipment, such as electric vehicles, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, etc.
  • the production process of battery cells includes the shelling process, that is, assembling the electrode assembly into the shell.
  • the existing shell is not convenient for assembling the electrode assembly into the shell, which reduces the shelling yield of the electrode assembly. Therefore, improving the shelling yield of the electrode assembly is a technical problem that needs to be solved in battery production technology.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a shell, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, wherein the shell can improve the yield rate of electrode assembly into the shell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a housing, comprising a frame and two end caps.
  • the frame comprises two openings arranged opposite to each other along a first direction.
  • the two end caps are respectively connected to the two ends of the frame and respectively close the two openings, and the two end caps and the frame together enclose a storage space for accommodating an electrode assembly.
  • the frame has two openings, which increases the openness of the frame.
  • the operating space is increased, making it more convenient for the electrode assembly to enter the shell, and improving the shell-entry yield of the electrode assembly.
  • the motor assembly is assembled into the frame from one opening, the shell-entry status of the electrode assembly can be clearly observed through the other opening, and the position of the electrode assembly can be adjusted, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the electrode assembly due to excessive friction between the inner side of the frame when entering the shell, and further improving the shell-entry yield of the electrode assembly.
  • the frame includes a plurality of side walls connected end to end in sequence, the plurality of side walls enclose two openings, and the area of the openings is larger than the area of the outer surface of each side wall.
  • the opening is formed on the side wall with the largest surface area of the outer shell, which facilitates the placement of the electrode assembly into the outer shell.
  • the plurality of side walls include a first side wall, a second side wall, a third side wall, and a fourth side wall connected end to end in sequence.
  • the first side wall is disposed opposite to the third side wall.
  • the second side wall is disposed opposite to the fourth side wall.
  • the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first side wall, the second side wall, the third side wall and the fourth side wall form a rectangular frame.
  • the rectangular frame facilitates stacking of multiple battery cells to form a battery pack, thereby improving space utilization.
  • the rectangular frame has a simple structure and is easy to process and manufacture.
  • At least one end of the frame is provided with a first edge portion arranged around the opening, and the first edge portion is used to connect to the end cover.
  • the first edge portion increases the contact area between the frame and the end cover, thereby increasing the connection strength between the frame and the end cover.
  • both ends of the frame are provided with first edge portions, and the two end covers are respectively connected to the two first edge portions.
  • the two first edge portions respectively increase the connection strength when the two end covers are connected to the frame.
  • the first edge portion protrudes from the outer side surface of the frame; or, the first edge portion protrudes from the inner side surface of the frame.
  • the connection between the end cap and the frame is located outside the frame, which reduces the occupation of the internal space of the frame, so that the frame can accommodate a larger electrode assembly, thereby improving the energy of the battery cell.
  • the outer shell formed by the frame and the two end covers has a regular outline, which is convenient for stacking multiple battery cells.
  • a surface of the end cover facing the frame is provided with a convex portion, and the convex portion is at least partially located in the frame and is positioned and matched with the frame.
  • the convex portion increases the structural strength of the end cover on the one hand, and plays a positioning role for the end cover on the other hand, so that the end cover is easy to cover the opening of the frame.
  • At least one end cap is provided with a second edge portion, which is arranged around an edge of the end cap, and along the first direction, the second edge portion protrudes from a surface of the end cap facing the frame, and the second edge portion is used to connect to the frame.
  • the second edge portion increases the connection area between the frame and the end cover, thereby increasing the connection strength between the frame and the end cover, and on the other hand, the second edge portion positions the end cover, making it easier for the end cover to cover the opening of the frame.
  • both end caps are provided with a second edge portion.
  • the two end covers are both provided with a second edge portion, which improves the structural strength of the shell formed by the two end covers and the frame.
  • the second edge portion is connected to the outer side of the frame; or, the second edge portion is connected to the inner side of the frame.
  • the second edge portion when the second edge portion is connected to the outer side of the frame, the space occupied by the frame is reduced, so that the frame can accommodate a larger electrode assembly, thereby improving the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the outer shell formed by the frame and the two end caps has a regular outline, which is convenient for stacking multiple battery cells.
  • the frame has an inner side surface, an outer side surface and two end surfaces, the inner side surface is arranged opposite to the outer side surface, the two end surfaces are arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, two end covers are respectively connected to the two end surfaces, and the end surfaces connect the inner side surface and the outer side surface.
  • the distance between the inner side surface and the outer side surface is L 1 , along the first direction, the end cover has a connection portion overlapping with the end surface, the thickness of the connection portion is L 2 , and L 1 >L 2 .
  • the thickness of the end cap is D 1
  • the thickness of the frame is D 2 , satisfying 50 um ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 200 um; and/or 50 um ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 200 um.
  • the thickness D1 of the end cap satisfies 50um ⁇ D1 ⁇ 200um
  • the strength of the end cap is improved while the internal volume of the shell formed by the end cap and the frame is increased.
  • the thickness D2 of the frame satisfies 50um ⁇ D1 ⁇ 200um
  • the strength of the frame is improved while the internal volume of the shell formed by the end cap and the frame is increased.
  • the frame and/or the end caps comprise stainless steel.
  • steel has good physical stability and good compressive resistance.
  • the frame and/or the end cover are made of steel, the structural strength of the shell is improved.
  • the end caps are welded to the frame.
  • the end cover and the frame are connected by welding, which has the advantage of high connection strength on one hand, and on the other hand, the connection between the rear end cover and the frame after welding has a regular contour and does not form a large protrusion, so that the outer contour of the shell is regular.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, comprising a housing and an electrode assembly in the above embodiment.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the housing.
  • the frame has a wall portion, the wall portion is provided with a lead-out hole, and the lead-out hole penetrates the wall portion along the thickness direction of the wall portion.
  • the battery cell also includes an electrode terminal, the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the electrode assembly, and the electrode terminal includes a terminal body, a first limiter and a second limiter, the terminal body is penetrated in the lead-out hole, along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the first limiter and the second limiter are respectively connected to the two ends of the terminal body, and the first limiter and the second limiter are respectively located on both sides of the wall portion to fix the terminal body.
  • the terminal body is used to lead the electric energy of the electrode assembly out of the shell.
  • the terminal body is fixed to the wall under the action of the first limiting part and the second limiting part.
  • the terminal body and the wall do not need to be welded, which reduces the risk of welding through the frame and causing damage to the frame structure.
  • the battery cell further comprises a current collecting member, which connects the electrode terminal and the electrode assembly, wherein the current collecting member is provided with a second lead-out hole, the terminal body is inserted into the second lead-out hole, along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the first limit portion is located in the shell, and the current collecting member is at least partially located between the first limit portion and the wall portion.
  • the current collecting member is used to electrically connect the electrode terminal and the electrode assembly, and the current collecting member is clamped in the first limit position.
  • the current collecting member is fixed to the electrode terminal by a groove between the upper and lower parts and the wall part, thereby simplifying the assembly process and improving the production efficiency.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising the battery cell in the above embodiment.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, including the battery in the above embodiment.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a housing provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is an exploded view of a housing provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frame provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is an exploded view of a housing provided with a first edge portion provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a first edge portion provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is an enlarged view of point A in FIG7 ;
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the first edge portion provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG10 is an enlarged view of point B in FIG9 ;
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of convex parts provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG12 is an enlarged view of point C in FIG11 ;
  • FIG13 is an exploded view of a housing provided with a second edge portion provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG14 is an enlarged view of point D in FIG13;
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the coordination between the end cap and the frame provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG16 is an enlarged view of point E in FIG15 ;
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a thickened frame provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG18 is an enlarged view of point F in FIG17 ;
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the frame and the end cover provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG20 is an enlarged view of point G in FIG19 ;
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of electrode terminals provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the reference numerals in the specific implementation manner are as follows: 10-housing; 11-first part; 12-second part; 20-battery cell; 21-housing; 211-end cover; 2111-second edge portion; 2112-convex portion; 212-frame; 2121-first side wall; 2122-second side wall; 2123-third side wall; 2124-fourth side wall; 2125-first edge portion; 22-current collecting member; 23-first insulating member; 24-second insulating member; 25-electrode terminal; 251-second limiting portion; 252-terminal body; 253-first limiting portion; 26-electrode assembly; 100-battery; 200-controller; 300-motor; 1000-vehicle.
  • the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to more than two.
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups, and “multiple sheets” refers to more than two sheets.
  • Common battery cells usually include a shell, an electrode assembly, and an end cap assembly.
  • the shell has an opening, and during the assembly of the battery cell, the electrode assembly is fed into the shell through the opening.
  • the electrode assembly is accommodated in the shell, and the end cap covers the opening of the shell to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell from the external environment.
  • the opening is usually opened on one of the side walls of the shell, during the process of inserting the electrode assembly into the shell, firstly, the electrode assembly is not easy to be installed into the shell due to the small opening. Secondly, since the shell has only one opening, it is not easy to judge whether the electrode assembly is aligned with the opening during the shell insertion. If the electrode assembly is not aligned with the opening, the electrode assembly will rub against the inner wall of the shell during the shell insertion process, which may easily scratch the outermost diaphragm of the electrode assembly, resulting in the risk of short circuit of the battery cell.
  • a housing including a frame and two end covers.
  • the frame includes two openings arranged opposite to each other along a first direction.
  • the two end covers are respectively connected to the two ends of the frame and respectively close the two openings.
  • the two end covers and the frame together enclose a receiving space for receiving the electrode assembly.
  • the frame has two openings, which increase the openness of the frame.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electric device using a battery as a power source
  • the electric device may be, but is not limited to, a battery vehicle, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, a spacecraft, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • a battery 100 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000.
  • the battery 100 may be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000.
  • the vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300, and the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, for the starting, navigation and working power requirements of the vehicle 1000 during driving.
  • the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a box 10 and a battery cell 20, and the battery cell 20 is contained in the box 10.
  • the box 10 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 20, and the box 10 can adopt a variety of structures.
  • the box 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, and the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 20.
  • the second part 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first part 11 may be a plate-like structure, and the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a storage space; the first part 11 and the second part 12 may also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12.
  • the box 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in a variety of shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection.
  • a mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • the multiple battery cells 20 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the whole formed by the multiple battery cells 20 is accommodated in the box 10; of course, the battery 100 may also be a battery module formed by connecting multiple battery cells 20 in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection, and then the multiple battery modules are connected in series, in parallel, or in a mixed connection to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10.
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a busbar component for realizing electrical connection between the multiple battery cells 20.
  • Each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing 21 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the housing 21 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • the present application provides a housing 21, including a frame 212 and two end caps 211.
  • the frame 212 includes two openings arranged opposite to each other along a first direction. Along the first direction, the two end caps 211 are respectively connected to the two ends of the frame 212, and the two openings are respectively closed, and the two end caps 211 and the frame 212 together enclose a storage space for accommodating the electrode assembly 26.
  • the housing 21 in the embodiment of the present application may be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 26 of the battery cell 20 .
  • the first direction may be the direction indicated by the Y axis in the figure.
  • the frame 212 may be a structure formed by hollowing out the middle of a plate, or may be formed by connecting a plurality of side walls by welding or bonding, etc.
  • the shape of the frame 212 may be a rectangle, a circle, a triangle or other polygonal structures.
  • the end cap 211 is used to close the opening of the frame 212 so that the two end caps 211 and the frame 212 form a chamber.
  • the end cap 211 may be a flat plate structure.
  • the end cap 211 and the frame 212 may be made of the same material or different materials.
  • the opening is a passage for placing the electrode assembly 26 into the outer shell 21 .
  • the electrode assembly 26 can be first assembled into the frame 212 , and then the two end covers 211 are respectively covered on the two openings of the frame 212 to enclose the electrode assembly 26 in the frame 212 .
  • the shelling yield rate refers to the ratio of the number of battery cells 20 in which the electrode assembly 26 is not damaged divided by the number of all battery cells 20 after the electrode assembly 26 is assembled into the frame 212.
  • the shelling yield rate reflects the production quality of the battery cells 20 in the process of assembling the electrode assembly 26. The higher the shelling yield rate, the higher the production quality.
  • the frame 212 has two openings, which increase the openness of the frame 212.
  • the operating space is increased, making it more convenient to put the electrode assembly 26 into the shell, thereby improving the yield rate of the electrode assembly 26 into the shell.
  • the entry of the electrode assembly 26 into the shell can be clearly observed through the other opening, and the position of the electrode assembly 26 can be adjusted, thereby reducing the risk of the outermost diaphragm of the electrode assembly 26 being worn and damaged due to excessive friction between the electrode assembly 26 and the inner side surface of the frame 212 when the electrode assembly 26 is inserted into the shell, thereby further improving the entry yield of the electrode assembly 26 into the shell.
  • the production personnel can observe the position of the electrode assembly 26 in the frame 212 and can adjust the position of the electrode assembly 26, so as to facilitate the coordination of other components of the battery cell 20 such as the current collecting member 22 and the electrode terminal 25 with the electrode assembly 26, thereby improving the assembly quality of the battery cell 20.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frame 212 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the frame 212 includes a plurality of side walls connected end to end, and the plurality of side walls enclose two openings, and the area of the openings is larger than the area of the outer surface of each side wall.
  • two ends of the side walls opposite to each other along the first direction enclose two openings.
  • the plurality of side walls may be three, four or five.
  • the frame body 212 is correspondingly in the shape of a triangle, a rectangle or a pentagon.
  • the multiple side walls may be independent of each other, and the multiple side walls are connected by welding or bonding to form the frame 212.
  • the multiple side walls may also be integrally formed, that is, the multiple side walls are formed by a whole plate.
  • the frame 212 when the frame 212 is rectangular, the frame 212 may be formed by bending a plate three times and then connecting the end to the end.
  • arc chamfers can be provided between the side walls when the plate is bent, so as to reduce the risk of the plate breaking when the plate is bent.
  • the area of the opening is the projected area of the opening on the reference plane perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the area of the opening is greater than the area of the outer surface of each side wall, the opening is formed on the side wall with the largest surface area of the shell 21, so that the electrode assembly 26 is conveniently placed in the shell 21.
  • the travel of the electrode assembly 26 relative to the inner wall of the frame 212 is reduced, and the damage of the electrode assembly 26 due to friction is reduced.
  • the frame 212 is a rectangular structure
  • the accommodation space formed by the shell 21 is a rectangular parallelepiped
  • the electrode assembly 26 can also be a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the length of the accommodation space is greater than the width and the length is greater than the height, and the length of the electrode assembly 26 is also greater than the width and the length is greater than the height, then when the electrode assembly 26 is placed in the shell, the surface with the largest area of the electrode assembly 26 can be placed in the frame 212 facing the opening. Compared with other surfaces placed in the frame 212 facing the opening, the sliding travel of the electrode assembly 26 relative to the inner wall of the frame 212 is the shortest.
  • the frame 212 may include a side wall.
  • the frame 212 when the frame 212 is a circular structure, it can be formed by bending a plate into a circle and then connecting the end to the end.
  • the plurality of side walls include a first side wall 2121, a second side wall 2122, a third side wall 2123, and a fourth side wall 2124 connected end to end.
  • the first side wall 2121 is disposed opposite to the third side wall 2123.
  • the second side wall 2122 is disposed opposite to the fourth side wall 2124.
  • the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the second direction may be the direction indicated by the X axis in the figure
  • the third direction may be the direction indicated by the Z axis in the figure.
  • first side wall 2121 is disposed opposite to the third side wall 2123 and the second side wall 2122 is disposed opposite to the fourth side wall 2124 , the first side wall 2121 , the second side wall 2122 , the third side wall 2123 and the fourth side wall 2124 form a rectangular structure.
  • the rectangular frame 212 facilitates stacking of multiple battery cells 20 to form a battery group 100, thereby improving space utilization.
  • the rectangular frame 212 has a simple structure and is easy to process and manufacture.
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of the housing 21 provided with a first edge portion 2125 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the setting of the first edge portion 2125 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 7.
  • at least one end of the frame 212 is provided with a first edge portion 2125 arranged around the opening, and the first edge portion 2125 is used to connect the end cover 211.
  • the first edge portion 2125 allows the side wall of the frame body 212 to have a portion extending outward, so as to increase the contact area between the frame body 212 and the end cover 211.
  • the first edge portion 2125 may be a flange edge connected to the side wall of the frame body 212 to form an opening, or may be a structure protruding from the side wall of the frame body 212 by bending a portion of the side wall of the frame body 212.
  • the first edge portion 2125 and the end cover 211 may be bonded or welded.
  • the first edge portion 2125 may be continuously disposed around the opening, or a plurality of first edge portions 2125 may be arranged along the edge of the opening.
  • the frame body 212 may be provided with a first edge portion 2125 at one end, or may be provided with a first edge portion 2125 at both ends.
  • the first edge portion 2125 increases the contact area between the frame body 212 and the end cover 211 , thereby increasing the connection strength between the frame body 212 and the end cover 211 .
  • both ends of the frame body 212 are provided with first edge portions 2125 , and the two end covers 211 are respectively connected to the two first edge portions 2125 .
  • the two first edge portions 2125 increase the contact area between the two end covers 211 and the frame body 212 , respectively, thereby increasing the connection strength between the two end covers 211 and the frame body 212 .
  • the first edge portion 2125 protrudes from the outer side surface of the frame body 212 .
  • the first edge portion 2125 can extend in a direction parallel to the X-axis and protrude from the outer side of the frame body 212 , so that the first edge portion 2125 is flush with the opening of the frame body 212 .
  • the end cover 211 When the end cover 211 is closed on the opening, the end cover 211 can contact the first edge portion 2125 .
  • the first edge portion 2125 may also extend in a direction having an angle with the X-axis direction.
  • the edge of the end cover 211 may be partially bent.
  • the connection between the end cap 211 and the frame 212 is located outside the frame 212, which reduces the occupation of the internal space of the frame 212, so that the frame 212 can accommodate a larger electrode assembly 26, thereby improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the frame 212 and the end cap 211 are connected in a connection method that generates high temperature (such as welding), the electrode assembly 26 is kept away from the heat source, reducing the risk of damage to the electrode assembly 26 due to high temperature.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the setting of the first edge portion 2125 provided in other embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged view of point B in Figure 9.
  • the first edge portion 2125 protrudes from the inner side surface of the frame 212.
  • the first edge portion 2125 may be parallel to the inner side surface of the protruding frame body 212 extending along the X-axis direction, so that the first edge portion 2125 is flush with the opening of the frame body 212 .
  • the contact area between the end cover 211 and the frame 212 can be increased, and the contour of the outer shell 21 formed by the frame 212 and the two end covers 211 is regular, which is convenient for stacking multiple battery cells 20 to form a battery 100 group.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the setting of the protrusion 2112 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of point C in Figure 11.
  • the surface of the end cover 211 facing the frame body 212 is provided with a protrusion 2112, and the protrusion 2112 is at least partially located in the frame body 212 and is positioned and matched with the frame body 212.
  • the convex portion 2112 may be a component connected to the surface of the end cover 211 facing the frame body 212 , or the edge of the surface of the end cover 211 facing the frame body 212 may be thinned to form the convex portion 2112 in the middle of the end cover 211 .
  • the protrusion 2112 not only increases the structural strength of the end cover 211 , but also serves to position the end cover 211 , thereby facilitating the end cover 211 to cover the opening of the frame 212 .
  • Figure 13 is an exploded view of the housing 21 provided with a second edge portion 2111 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged view of point D in Figure 13
  • at least one end cover 211 is provided with a second edge portion 2111
  • the second edge portion 2111 is arranged around the edge of the end cover 211, and along the first direction, the second edge portion 2111 protrudes from the surface of the end cover 211 facing the frame 212, and the second edge portion 2111 is used to connect the frame 212.
  • the second edge portion 2111 may be a flange edge connected to the end cover 211 , or may be formed by bending an edge of the end cover 211 toward one side of the frame body 212 .
  • the second edge portion 2111 may be continuously disposed around the edge of the end cover 211 , or a plurality of second edge portions 2111 may be arranged along the edge of the end cover 211 .
  • the second edge portion 2111 increases the connection area between the frame body 212 and the end cover 211, thereby increasing the connection strength between the frame body 212 and the end cover 211; on the other hand, the second edge portion 2111 plays a positioning role for the end cover 211.
  • the interior of the second edge can limit the displacement of the end cover 211 in the XY plane, thereby facilitating the end cover 211 to cover the opening of the frame body 212.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the coordination of the end cover 211 and the frame 212 provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is an enlarged view of point E in Figure 15. Both end covers 211 are provided with a second edge portion 2111.
  • the two end covers 211 are both provided with a second edge portion 2111 to improve the structural strength of the housing 21 formed by the two end covers 211 and the frame body 212 .
  • the second edge portion 2111 is connected to the outer side surface of the frame body 212 .
  • the second edge portion 2111 may be arranged around the outer side of the frame 212 to increase the positioning effect of the second edge portion 2111 on the end cap 211.
  • the contour formed by the second edge portion 2111 may be consistent with the contour of the outer side of the frame 212, and when the end cap 211 is covered on the opening of the frame 212, the inner side of the second edge portion 2111 abuts against the outer side of the frame 212.
  • at least one second edge portion 2111 may be arranged on each of the two sides of the end cap 211 in the X-axis direction, and at least one second edge portion 2111 may be arranged on each of the two sides of the end cap 211 in the Z-axis direction.
  • the second edge portion 2111 When the second edge portion 2111 is connected to the outer side of the frame 212, the space occupied by the frame 212 is reduced, so that the frame 212 can accommodate a larger electrode assembly 26, thereby improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • the second edge portion 2111 can play a blocking role to prevent high-temperature welding slag generated during welding from entering the interior of the housing 21.
  • the second edge portion 2111 is connected to the inner side surface of the frame body 212 .
  • the outer side wall of the second edge portion 2111 can abut against the inner side surface of the frame body 212, so that the end cover 211 and the frame body 212 can fit tightly.
  • the outer shell 21 formed by the frame body 212 and the two end covers 211 has a regular outline, which facilitates the stacking of multiple battery cells 20 .
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a thickened frame 212 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of F in FIG. 17,
  • the frame 212 has an inner side surface, an outer side surface and two end surfaces, the inner side surface is arranged opposite to the outer side surface, the two end surfaces are arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, and two end covers 211 are respectively connected to the two end surfaces, and the end surfaces connect the inner side surface and the outer side surface.
  • the distance between the inner side surface and the outer side surface is L 1
  • the end cover 211 has a connection portion overlapping with the end surface
  • the thickness of the connection portion is L 2 , L 1 >L 2 .
  • the end surface forms an opening
  • the end cover 211 covers the end surface to form a connecting portion, so that the end cover 211 can close the opening.
  • the distance L1 between the inner side surface and the outer side surface reflects the area of the end surface that can overlap with the end cover 211.
  • the larger L1 is, the larger the area of the end surface is, and thus the larger the contact area between the end cover 211 and the end surface is.
  • the thickness of the frame 212 is increased, thereby improving the structural strength of the housing 21.
  • the contact area at the connection between the end cover 211 and the frame 212 is increased, the connection strength between the frame 212 and the end cover 211 is improved, and the risk of welding defects when the end cover 211 and the frame 212 are welded is reduced.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the frame 212 and the end cover 211 provided in some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 20 is an enlarged view of point G in Figure 19.
  • the thickness of the end cover 211 is D1
  • the thickness of the frame 212 is D2 , satisfying 50um ⁇ D1 ⁇ 200um ; and/or 50um ⁇ D2 ⁇ 200um .
  • D1 or D2 is greater than 200um, the thickness of the shell 21 formed by the end cover 211 and the frame 212 is too large.
  • the volume of the accommodating space formed by the shell 21 is smaller, which reduces the energy density of the battery cell 20 and increases the weight of the battery cell 20.
  • D 1 or D 2 is less than 50 um, the strength of the end cover 211 and the frame 212 is reduced, thereby reducing the strength of the housing 21 .
  • both D1 and D2 may be within the range of 50 um to 200 um, or only D1 or D2 may meet the above range.
  • the thickness D1 of the end cap 211 satisfies 50um ⁇ D1 ⁇ 200um
  • the strength of the end cap 211 is improved, and the internal volume of the housing 21 formed by the end cap 211 and the frame 212 is increased.
  • the thickness D2 of the frame 212 satisfies 50um ⁇ D1 ⁇ 200um
  • the strength of the frame 212 is improved, and the internal volume of the housing 21 formed by the end cap 211 and the frame 212 is increased.
  • the thickness of the end cover 211 is D 1
  • the thickness of the frame body 212 is D 2 , satisfying 70 um ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 150 um; and/or 70 um ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 150 um.
  • the frame 212 and/or the end cover 211 include stainless steel.
  • both the frame body 212 and the end cover 211 may include stainless steel, or one of the frame body 212 and the end cover 211 may include stainless steel.
  • the one of the frame 212 and the end cover 211 that includes stainless steel may be partially made of stainless steel or entirely made of stainless steel.
  • the frame 212 may be made entirely of stainless steel or partially of stainless steel.
  • a coating may also be provided on the surface of the stainless steel.
  • an insulating layer may be provided on the surface of the frame 212 and the end cap 211 to electrically insulate the outer shell 21 from the electrode assembly 26, thereby improving the reliability of the battery cell 20.
  • a nickel plating layer may also be provided on the surface of the frame 212 and the end cap 211. The nickel plating layer improves the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the outer shell 21, thereby increasing the service life of the outer shell 21.
  • Stainless steel has high strength and fatigue strength.
  • the wall thickness of the housing 21 formed by the frame 212 and the end cover 211 can be smaller, so that the housing 21 can accommodate a larger electrode assembly 26, thereby improving the energy density of the battery cell 20.
  • stainless steel has good corrosion resistance, which increases the service life of the housing 21.
  • the frame 212 and/or the end cover 211 may also be made of aluminum alloy.
  • the end cover 211 is welded to the frame 212 .
  • the welding is performed at the contact point between the first edge portion 2125 and the end cover 211 or the contact point between the second edge portion 2111 and the end cover 211 .
  • the end cover 211 and the frame 212 are connected by welding, which has the advantage of high connection strength on one hand, and on the other hand, the connection between the rear end cover 211 and the frame 212 after welding has a regular contour and does not form a large protrusion, so that the outer contour of the shell 21 is regular.
  • the present application also provides a battery cell 20 , which includes the housing 21 and the electrode assembly 26 in the above embodiment.
  • the electrode assembly 26 is accommodated in the housing 21 .
  • FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electrode terminal 25 provided in some embodiments of the present application, wherein the frame 212 has a wall portion, and the wall portion is provided with a lead-out hole, and the lead-out hole penetrates the wall portion along the thickness direction of the wall portion.
  • the battery cell 20 also includes an electrode terminal 25, which is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 26, and the electrode terminal 25 includes a terminal body 252, a first limit portion 253, and a second limit portion 251.
  • the terminal body 252 is penetrated in the lead-out hole, and along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the first limit portion 253 and the second limit portion are respectively connected to the two ends of the terminal body 252, and the first limit portion 253 and the second limit portion 251 are respectively located on both sides of the wall portion to fix the terminal body 252.
  • the wall portion may be a side wall of the frame 212 . Since the frame 212 has two openings and a large operating space, the lead-out hole is provided on the wall portion to facilitate connecting the electrode assembly 26 to the electrode terminal 25 .
  • the first limiting portion 253 and the second limiting portion 251 can be formed by riveting the terminal body 252 to the wall portion, that is, applying an axial force to both ends of the terminal body 252, so that the two ends of the terminal body 252 are expanded along the radial direction of the terminal body 252, and the wall portion is partially clamped between the first limiting portion 253 and the second limiting portion 251, so that the terminal body 252 can be fixed to the wall portion.
  • the first limiting portion 253 and the second limiting portion 251 may also be independent components.
  • the peripheral wall of the terminal body 252 may be provided with threads, and the first limiting portion 253 and the second limiting portion 251 may be provided with screw holes.
  • the terminal body 252 is matched with the screw holes so that the first limiting portion 253 and the second limiting portion 251 can be threadedly connected to the terminal body 252.
  • the terminal body 252 is used to lead the electric energy of the electrode assembly 26 out of the shell 21.
  • the terminal body 252 is fixed to the wall under the action of the first limiting portion 253 and the second limiting portion 251.
  • the terminal body 252 and the wall do not need to be welded, which reduces the risk of welding through the frame 212 and causing structural damage to the frame 212.
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a current collecting member 22, which connects the electrode terminal 25 and the electrode assembly 26.
  • the current collecting member 22 is provided with a second lead-out hole, the terminal body 252 is passed through the second lead-out hole, and along the thickness direction of the wall portion, the first limit portion 253 is located in the housing 21, and the current collecting member 22 is at least partially located between the first limit portion 253 and the wall portion.
  • the current collecting member 22 is used to electrically connect the electrode terminal 25 and the electrode assembly 26 .
  • the current collecting member 22 may be a metal conductive member, such as a metal wire or a metal conductive sheet.
  • the current collecting member 22 is partially disposed between the first limiting portion 253 and the wall portion, and the first limiting portion 253 can not only connect the current collecting member 22 to the terminal body 252, but also electrically connect the terminal body 252 and the current collecting member 22, and there is no need to weld the terminal body 252 and the current collecting member 22, thereby reducing the risk of welding through the frame 212 and causing structural damage to the frame 212.
  • welding since welding is not required, the assembly process is simplified and production efficiency is improved.
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a first insulating member 23 , which is at least partially located between the current collecting member 22 and the wall along the thickness direction of the wall to insulate and isolate the current collecting member 22 and the wall.
  • the first insulating member 23 may be a sheet made of plastic or rubber.
  • the first insulating member 23 may be provided with a third lead-out hole.
  • the terminal body 252 is sequentially passed through the first lead-out hole, the third lead-out hole and the second lead-out hole, so that the first insulating member 23 may be sandwiched between the wall portion and the current collecting member 22 .
  • the first insulating member 23 reduces the risk of short circuit between the current collecting member 22 and the wall portion by insulating the two, thereby improving the reliability of the battery cell 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a second insulating member 24 , and along the thickness direction of the wall, the second insulating member 24 is at least partially located between the wall and the second limiting portion 251 , and the second limiting portion 251 is located outside the outer shell 21 .
  • the second insulating member 24 may be a sheet made of plastic or rubber.
  • the second insulating member 24 may be provided with a fourth lead-out hole.
  • the terminal body 252 is inserted into the fourth lead-out hole, so that the second insulating member 24 is partially sandwiched between the second limiting portion 251 and the wall portion.
  • a countersunk hole may be provided on the surface of the second insulating member 24 facing the second limiting portion 251 , and the second limiting portion 251 may be at least partially disposed in the countersunk hole, so that the second insulating member 24 and the second limiting portion 251 can be positioned and matched.
  • the second insulating member 24 insulates the second limiting portion 251 from the wall portion, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit between the two and improving the reliability of the battery cell 20 .
  • the present application also provides a battery 100, including the battery cell 20 in the above embodiment.
  • the battery 100 may also include a box body 10, and the battery cell 20 is disposed in the box body 10.
  • the present application also provides an electric device, including the battery 100 in the above embodiment, the battery 100 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the electric device may include the battery cell 20 in the above embodiment, the battery cell 20 is used to provide electric energy.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a housing 21, including a frame 212 and two end caps 211.
  • the frame 212 includes two openings arranged opposite to each other along a first direction.
  • the two end caps 211 are respectively connected to the two ends of the frame 212 and respectively close the two openings, and the two end caps 211 and the frame 212 together enclose a storage space for accommodating the electrode assembly 26.
  • the frame body 212 is a rectangular structure.
  • the frame body 212 includes a plurality of side walls connected end to end in sequence.
  • the plurality of side walls enclose two openings.
  • the area of the openings is larger than the area of the outer surface of each side wall.

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备，涉及电池技术领域。该外壳包括框体和两个端盖。框体包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个开口。沿第一方向，两个端盖分别连接于框体的两端，并分别封闭两个开口，两个端盖和框体共同围成用于容纳电极组件的容纳空间。框体上具有两个开口，使得电极组件入壳更为方便，降低了电极组件入壳时因与框体内侧面之间摩擦过大而发生损坏的风险，提高了电极组件的入壳良率。

Description

外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2022年10月17日提交的名称为“外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备”的中国专利申请202222730292.7的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体涉及一种外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
随着新能源技术的发展，电池的广泛应用于用电设备上，例如应用于电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船等上。
在电池单体的生产工艺中，包括入壳流程，即将电极组件装配入外壳。现有的外壳不便于将电极组件装配入壳体，降低了电极组件的入壳良率。因此，提高电极组件的入壳良率，是电池生产技术中一个亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备，该外壳能够提高电极组件入壳良率。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种外壳，包括框体和两个端盖。框体包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个开口。沿第一方向，两个端盖分别连接于框体的两端，并分别封闭两个开口，两个端盖和框体共同围成用于容纳电极组件的容纳空间。
在上述方案中，框体上具有两个开口，增加了框体的开放程度，在电极组件装配入框体时，一方面增加了操作空间，使得电极组件入壳更为方便，提高了电极组件的入壳良率。另一方面，当电机组件从一个开口装配入框体时，透过另一个开口可清楚地观察到电极组件的入壳情况，并能够对电极组件的位置进行调整，进而降低了电极组件入壳时因与框体内侧面之间摩擦过大而发生损坏的风险，进一步提高了电极组件的入壳良率。
在一些实施例中，框体包括首尾依次连接的多个侧壁，多个侧壁围合形成两个开口，开口的面积大于每个侧壁的外表面的面积。
在上述方案中，由于开口的面积大于每个侧壁的外表面的面积，使得开口形成于外壳表面积最大的侧壁，便于将电极组件放入外壳内。
在一些实施例中，多个侧壁包括首尾依次连接的第一侧壁、第二侧壁、第三侧壁和第四侧壁。沿第二方向，第一侧壁与第三侧壁相对设置。沿第三方向，第二侧壁与第四侧壁相对设置。其中，第一方向、第二方向和第三方向两两垂直。
在上述方案中，第一侧壁、第二侧壁、第三侧壁和第四侧壁形成矩形的框体，一方面矩形的框体便于多个电池单体层叠形成电池组，提高了空间利用率，另一方面矩形框体结构简单，便于加工制造。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，框体的至少一端设置有围绕开口设置的第一边缘部，第一边缘部用于连接端盖。
在上述方案中，第一边缘部增加了框体和端盖的接触面积，进而增加了框体和端盖的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，框体的两端均设置有第一边缘部，两个端盖分别连接于两个第一边缘部。
在上述方案中，两个第一边缘部分别增加了两个端盖连接于框体时的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，第一边缘部凸出于框体的外侧面；或，第一边缘部凸出于框体的内侧面。
在上述方案中，第一边缘部凸出于框体的外侧面时，端盖和框体的连接处位于框体外，减少了对框体内部空间的占用，使得框体内部可以容纳更大尺寸的电极组件，提高了电池单体的能量 密度。第一边缘部凸出于框体的内侧面时，使得框体和两个端盖形成的外壳轮廓规则，便于多个电池单体层叠设置。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向，端盖面向框体的表面设置有凸部，凸部至少部分位于框体内，并与框体定位配合。
在上述方案中，凸部一方面增加了端盖的结构强度，另一方面对端盖起到了定位作用，便于端盖盖合于框体的开口。
在一些实施例中，至少一个端盖设置有第二边缘部，第二边缘部围绕端盖的边缘设置，沿第一方向，第二边缘部凸出于端盖面向框体的表面，第二边缘部用于连接框体。
在上述方案中，第二边缘部一方面增加了框体和端盖的连接面积，进而增加了框体和端盖的连接强度，另一方面第二边缘部对端盖起到了定位作用，便于端盖盖合于框体的开口。
在一些实施例中，两个端盖均设置有第二边缘部。
在上述方案中，两个端盖均设置有第二边缘部提高了两个端盖与框体形成的外壳的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，第二边缘部连接于框体的外侧面；或，第二边缘部连接于框体的内侧面。
在上述方案中，第二边缘部连接于框体的外侧面时，减少了对框体内部空间的占用，使得框体内部可以容纳更大尺寸的电极组件，提高了电池单体的能量密度。第二边缘部连接于框体的内侧面时，使得框体和两个端盖形成的外壳轮廓规则，便于多个电池单体层叠设置。
在一些实施例中，框体具有内侧面、外侧面和两个端面，内侧面与外侧面相对设置，两个端面沿第一方向相对设置，两个端盖分别连接于两个端面，端面连接内侧面和外侧面。其中，内侧面与外侧面的距离为L1，沿第一方向，端盖具有与端面重叠的连接部，连接部的厚度为L2，L1>L2。
在上述方案中，当L1>L2时，一方面，框体的厚度增加提高了外壳的结构强度。另一方面增加了端盖和框体连接处的接触面积，提高了框体和端盖的连接强度。
在一些实施例中，端盖的厚度为D1，框体的厚度为D2，满足，50um≤D1≤200um；和/或，50um≤D2≤200um。
在上述方案中，当端盖的厚度D1满足50um≤D1≤200um时，提高了端盖的强度的同时，增加了端盖和框体形成的外壳的内部体积。当框体的厚度为D2满足50um≤D1≤200um时，提高了框体的强度的同时，增加了端盖和框体形成的外壳的内部体积。
在一些实施例中，框体和/或端盖包括不锈钢。
在上述方案中，钢材具有良好的物理稳定性以及良好的抗压性能，当框体和/或端盖采用钢材制成时，提高了外壳的结构强度。
在一些实施例中，端盖焊接于框体。
在上述方案中，端盖和框体通过焊接的方式连接，一方面具有连接强度高的优点，另一方面，焊接后端盖和框体的连接处轮廓规则，不会形成较大的凸起，使得外壳的外轮廓规则。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池单体，包括上述实施例中的外壳和电极组件。电极组件容纳于外壳内。
在一些实施例中，框体具有壁部，壁部设置有引出孔，引出孔沿壁部的厚度方向贯穿壁部。电池单体还包括电极端子，电极端子与电极组件电连接，电极端子包括端子本体、第一限位部和第二限位部，端子本体穿设于引出孔内，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一限位部和第二限位分别连接于端子本体的两端，第一限位部和第二限位部分别位于壁部的两侧，以固定端子本体。
在上述方案中，端子本体用于将电极组件的电能引出外壳，端子本体在第一限位部和第二限位部的作用下固定于壁部，端子本体和壁部不需焊接，降低了焊接时可能焊穿框体造成框体结构损伤的风险。
在一些实施例中，电池单体还包括集流构件，集流构件连接电极端子和电极组件。其中，集流构件设置有第二引出孔，端子本体穿设于第二引出孔内，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一限位部位于外壳内，集流构件至少部分位于第一限位部和壁部之间。
在上述方案中，集流构件用于使电极端子和电极组件电连接，将集流构件夹设于第一限位 部和壁部之间以使集流构件固定于电极端子，精简了装配工序，提高了生产效率。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池，包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳的结构示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳的爆炸图；
图5为本申请一些实施例提供的框体的结构示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的设置有第一边缘部的外壳的爆炸图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的第一边缘部设置示意图；
图8为图7的A处放大图；
图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的第一边缘部设置示意图；
图10为图9的B处放大图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的凸部设置示意图；
图12为图11的C处放大图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的设置有第二边缘部的外壳的爆炸图；
图14为图13的D处放大图；
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖和框体配合示意图；
图16为图15的E处放大图；
图17为本申请一些实施例提供的框体加厚的结构示意图；
图18为图17的F处放大图；
图19为本申请一些实施例提供的框体和端盖配合示意图；
图20为图19的G处放大图；
图21为本申请一些实施例提供的电极端子的结构示意图。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；20-电池单体；21-外壳；211-端盖；2111-第二边缘
部；2112-凸部；212-框体；2121-第一侧壁；2122-第二侧壁；2123-第三侧壁；2124-第四侧壁；2125-第一边缘部；22-集流构件；23-第一绝缘件；24-第二绝缘件；25-电极端子；251-第二限位部；252-端子本体；253-第一限位部；26-电极组件；100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；1000-车辆。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何 变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上，“多片”指的是两片以上。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
常见的电池单体通常包括壳体、电极组件以及端盖组件等部件。壳体具有开口，在电池单体的装配过程中，电极组件经由开口送入壳体内。电极组件容纳于壳体内，端盖盖合于壳体的开口以将电池单体的内部环境隔绝于外部环境。
由于开口通常开设于壳体的某一个侧壁上，因此在电极组件的入壳过程中，一是由于开口较小，电极组件不便于装入壳体内。二是由于壳体只具有一个开口，入壳时不便于判断电极组件是否和开口对正，假若电极组件未对准开口，入壳过程中，电极组件与壳体内壁发生摩擦，容易将电极组件最外侧的隔膜刮破，导致电池单体产生短路隐患。
鉴于此，设计了一种外壳，包括框体和两个端盖。框体包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个开口。沿第一方向，两个端盖分别连接于框体的两端，并分别封闭两个开口，两个端盖和框体共同围成用于容纳电极组件的容纳空间。
框体上具有两个开口，增加了框体的开放程度，在电极组件入壳时，增加了操作空间，使得电极组件入壳更为方便，提高了电极组件入壳良率。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池作为电源的用电设备，用电设备可以为但不限于电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间；第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内；当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3和图4，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳21的结构示意图；图4为本申请一些实施例提供的外壳21的爆炸图，本申请实施例提供了一种外壳21，包括框体212和两个端盖211。框体212包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个开口。沿第一方向，两个端盖211分别连接于框体212的两端，并分别封闭两个开口，两个端盖211和框体212共同围成用于容纳电极组件26的容纳空间。
本申请实施例中的外壳21可用于容纳电池单体20的电极组件26。
第一方向可以是图中Y轴所指的方向。
框体212可以板材将中部掏空形成的结构，也可以是多个侧壁通过焊接或粘接等方式连接形成。框体212围成的形状可以是矩形、圆形、三角形或其他多边形结构。
端盖211用于封闭框体212的开口以使两个端盖211和框体212形成腔室，端盖211可以为平板状结构，端盖211可以和框体212采用相同的材料制成，也可以采用不同的材料制成。
开口是将电极组件26放入外壳21的通道，在使用时，可以先将电极组件26装配入框体212中，再将两个端盖211分别盖合于框体212的两个开口，以使电极组件26封闭于框体212之中。
入壳良率是指电极组件26装配入框体212后，电极组件26未发生损坏的电池单体20的数量除以所有电池单体20的数量得到的比例值，通过入壳良率反应出电池单体20在装配电极组件26这一流程的生产质量，入壳良率越高，生产质量越高。
框体212上具有两个开口，增加了框体212的开放程度，在将电极组件26电极组件26装配入框体212中时，一方面增加了操作空间，使得电极组件26入壳更为方便，提高了电极组件26的入壳良率。
再有，当电机组件从一个开口装配入框体212时，透过另一个开口可清楚地观察到电极组件26的入壳情况，并能够对电极组件26的位置进行调整，进而降低了电极组件26入壳时因与框体212内侧面之间摩擦过大而发生电极组件26最外侧的隔膜被磨破损坏的风险，进一步提高了电极组件26的入壳良率。
更进一步地，在将电极组件26装配入框体212之中后，生产人员可以观察到电极组件26的框体212之中的位置，并可调整电极组件26的位置，便于将电池单体20的其他部件如集流构件22和电极端子25等与电极组件26配合，提高了电池单体20的装配质量。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5，图5为本申请一些实施例提供的框体212的结构示意图，框体212包括首尾依次连接的多个侧壁，多个侧壁围合形成两个开口，开口的面积大于每个侧壁的外表面的面积。
多个侧壁首尾依次连接时，侧壁沿第一方向相对的两个端头围合形成两个开口。
多个侧壁可以是三个、四个或五个，此时，对应的，框体212为三角形、矩形或五边形。
多个侧壁可以是相互独立的侧壁，多个侧壁通过焊接或粘接连接形成框体212。多个侧壁还可以是一体成型，即多个侧壁由一整块板体形成，例如当框体212为矩形时，框体212可以为一个板体弯折三次后首尾连接形成。
多个侧壁一体成型时，在弯折板体时，侧壁之间可以设置圆弧倒角，降低弯折板体时板体断裂的风险。
开口的面积是开口在垂直于第一方向的基准面上的投影面积，开口的面积大于每个侧壁的外表面的面积时，开口形成于外壳21表面积最大的侧壁，便于将电极组件26放入外壳21内。并且，在将电极组件26放入壳体时，减少了电极组件26相对于框体212内壁移动的行程，降低了电极组件26因摩擦而产生破损。例如，假若框体212为矩形结构，此时外壳21形成的容纳空间为长方体形，电极组件26也可以是长方体形，假若该容纳空间的长度大于宽度，同时长度大于高度，并且电极组件26的也是长度大于宽度，同时长度大于高度，那么在电极组件26放入壳体时，可以将电极组件26面积最大的面朝向开口放入框体212，相比于其他的面朝向开口放入框体212，电极组件26此时相对框体212内壁的滑动行程最短。
根据本申请的另一些实施例，框体212可以包括一个侧壁，例如当框体212是圆形结构时，可以通过一个板体弯折成圆形后将首尾连接形成。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图5，多个侧壁包括首尾依次连接的第一侧壁2121、第二侧壁2122、第三侧壁2123和第四侧壁2124。沿第二方向，第一侧壁2121与第三侧壁2123相对设置。沿第三方向，第二侧壁2122与第四侧壁2124相对设置。其中，第一方向、第二方向和第三方向两两垂直。
当第一方向为图中Y轴所指的方向时，第二方向可以为图中X轴所指的方向，第三方向可以为图中Z轴所指的方向。
第一侧壁2121与第三侧壁2123相对设置并且第二侧壁2122与第四侧壁2124相对设置时，第一侧壁2121、第二侧壁2122、第三侧壁2123和第四侧壁2124形成矩形结构。
一方面矩形的框体212便于多个电池单体20层叠形成电池100组，提高了空间利用率，另一方面矩形框体212结构简单，便于加工制造。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图6-图8，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的设置有第一边缘部2125的外壳21的爆炸图，图7为本申请一些实施例提供的第一边缘部2125设置示意图，图8为图7的A处放大图，沿第一方向，框体212的至少一端设置有围绕开口设置的第一边缘部2125，第一边缘部2125用于连接端盖211。
第一边缘部2125使得框体212的侧壁具有向外延伸的部分，以增加了框体212和端盖211的接触面积。第一边缘部2125可以是连接于框体212的侧壁形成开口的一端的法兰边，还可以是通过将框体212的侧壁部分弯折形成的凸出框体212侧壁的结构。
第一边缘部2125和端盖211可以粘接，也可以焊接。
第一边缘部2125可以连续不断地围绕开口设置，也可以是多个第一边缘部2125沿开口的边缘排布设置。
框体212可以一端设置第一边缘部2125，也可以两端均设置有第一边缘部2125。
第一边缘部2125增加了框体212和端盖211的接触面积，进而增加了框体212和端盖211的连接强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图6，沿第一方向，框体212的两端均设置有第一边缘部2125，两个端盖211分别连接于两个第一边缘部2125。
两个第一边缘部2125分别增加了两个端盖211和框体212的接触面积，进而增加了两个端盖211和框体212的连接强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图7和图8，第一边缘部2125凸出于框体212的外侧面。
第一边缘部2125可以沿平行X轴的方向延伸凸出框体212的外侧面，使得第一边缘部2125与框体212的开口平齐，将端盖211盖合于开口时，端盖211即可接触于第一边缘部2125。
第一边缘部2125还可以沿与X轴方向具有夹角的方向延伸，对应的，为了使端盖211盖合于开口是可以与第一边缘部2125配合，可以将端盖211的边缘处部分弯折。
第一边缘部2125凸出于框体212的外侧面时，端盖211和框体212的连接处位于框体212外，减少了对框体212内部空间的占用，使得框体212内部可以容纳更大尺寸的电极组件26，提高了电池单体20的能量密度。再有，当框体212和端盖211采用会产生高温的连接方式连接时(如焊接)，使电极组件26远离了热源，降低了电极组件26受到的高温而损坏的风险。
根据本申请的另一些实施例，请参照图9和图10，图9为本申请另一些实施例提供的第一边缘部2125设置示意图，图10为图9的B处放大图，第一边缘部2125凸出于框体212的内侧面。
第一边缘部2125可以平行于沿X轴方向延伸凸出框体212的内侧面，使得第一边缘部2125与框体212的开口平齐。
第一边缘部2125凸出于框体212的内侧面时，既可以增加端盖211和框体212的接触面积，并且使得框体212和两个端盖211形成的外壳21轮廓规则，便于多个电池单体20层叠设置形成电池100组。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图11和图12，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的凸部2112设置示意图，图12为图11的C处放大图，沿第一方向，端盖211面向框体212的表面设置有凸部2112，凸部2112至少部分位于框体212内，并与框体212定位配合。
凸部2112可以是连接于端盖211面向框体212表面的部件，也可以是将端盖211面向框体212的表面的边缘进行减薄处理，在端盖211的中部形成凸部2112。
凸部2112一方面增加了端盖211的结构强度，另一方面对端盖211起到了定位作用，便于端盖211盖合于框体212的开口。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图13-图14，图13为本申请一些实施例提供的设置有第二边缘部2111的外壳21的爆炸图，图14为图13的D处放大图，至少一个端盖211设置有第二边缘部2111，第二边缘部2111围绕端盖211的边缘设置，沿第一方向，第二边缘部2111凸出于端盖211面向框体212的表面，第二边缘部2111用于连接框体212。
第二边缘部2111可以是连接于端盖211的法兰边，还可以是通过将端盖211的边缘向框体212一侧弯折形成。
第二边缘部2111可以连续不断地围绕端盖211的边缘设置，也可以是多个第二边缘部2111沿端盖211的边缘排布设置。
第二边缘部2111一方面增加了框体212和端盖211的连接面积，进而增加了框体212和端盖211的连接强度，另一方面第二边缘部2111对端盖211起到了定位作用，在将端盖211盖合于开口时，第二边缘内部可以限制端盖211在XY面的位移，便于端盖211盖合于框体212的开口。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图15-图16，图15为本申请一些实施例提供的端盖211和框体212配合示意图，图16为图15的E处放大图，两个端盖211均设置有第二边缘部2111。
两个端盖211均设置有第二边缘部2111提高了两个端盖211与框体212形成的外壳21的结构强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图16，第二边缘部2111连接于框体212的外侧面。
第二边缘部2111可以围绕框体212的外侧面设置，以增加第二边缘部2111对端盖211的定位效果。例如，第二边缘部2111围成的轮廓可以和框体212的外侧面轮廓一致，当端盖211盖设于框体212的开口时，第二边缘部2111的内侧面抵靠于框体212的外侧面。再例如，第二边缘部2111可以在端盖211在X轴方向的两侧每侧至少设置一个，在端盖211在Z轴方向的两侧每侧至少设置一个。
第二边缘部2111连接于框体212的外侧面时，减少了对框体212内部空间的占用，使得框体212内部可以容纳更大尺寸的电极组件26，提高了电池单体20的能量密度。再有，第二边缘部2111可以起到阻挡作用，防止焊接时产生的高温焊渣进入到外壳21内部。
根据本申请的另一些实施例，第二边缘部2111连接于框体212的内侧面。
本实施例中，端盖211盖合于开口时，第二边缘部2111的外侧壁可以抵靠于框体212的内侧面，使得端盖211和框体212可以紧密配合。
第二边缘部2111连接于框体212的内侧面时，使得框体212和两个端盖211形成的外壳21轮廓规则，便于多个电池单体20层叠设置。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图17-图18，图17为本申请一些实施例提供的框体212加厚的结构示意图，图18为图17的F处放大图，框体212具有内侧面、外侧面和两个端面，内侧面与外侧面相对设置，两个端面沿第一方向相对设置，两个端盖211分别连接于两个端面，端面连接内侧面和外侧面。其中，内侧面与外侧面的距离为L1，沿第一方向，端盖211具有与端面重叠的连接部，连接部的厚度为L2，L1>L2。
端面围成开口，端盖211覆盖于端面，形成连接部，并使得端盖211可以封闭开口。
内侧面和外侧面之间的距离L1体现了端面可与端盖211重叠的面积，在框体212的尺寸一定的情况下，L1越大，端面的面积便越大，进而端盖211和端面接触的面积便越大。
假若L1≤L2，端盖211和端面的接触面积过小，降低了外壳21的结构强度。
当L1>L2时，一方面相当于增加了框体212的厚度，进而提高了外壳21的结构强度。另一方面增加了端盖211和框体212连接处的接触面积，提高了框体212和端盖211的连接强度，并且降低了端盖211和框体212焊接时发生焊穿缺陷的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图19-图20，图19为本申请一些实施例提供的框体212和端盖211配合示意图，图20为图19的G处放大图，端盖211的厚度为D1，框体212的厚度为D2，满足，50um≤D1≤200um；和/或，50um≤D2≤200um。
假若D1或者D2大于200um，端盖211和框体212形成的外壳21厚度过大，在外壳21尺寸不变的情况下，外壳21形成的容纳空间的体积越小，降低了电池单体20的能量密度，并增加了电池单体20的重量。
假若D1或者D2小于50um，降低了端盖211和框体212的强度，进而降低了外壳21的强度。
在本实施例中，既可以D1和D2同时处于大于等于50um小于等于200um的范围内，也可以仅D1或D2满足上述范围。
当端盖211的厚度D1满足50um≤D1≤200um时，提高了端盖211的强度的同时，增加了端盖211和框体212形成的外壳21的内部体积。当框体212的厚度为D2满足50um≤D1≤200um时，提高了框体212的强度的同时，增加了端盖211和框体212形成的外壳21的内部体积。
根据本申请的另一些实施例，端盖211的厚度为D1，框体212的厚度为D2，满足，70um≤D1≤150um；和/或，70um≤D2≤150um。
根据本申请的一些实施例，框体212和/或端盖211包括不锈钢。
在本实施例中，可以框体212和端盖211均包括不锈钢，也可以框体212和端盖211中的一者包括不锈钢。
框体212和端盖211中，包括有不锈钢的一者可以局部采用不锈钢制成，也可以全部采用不锈钢制成，例如，假若框体212包括不锈钢，框体212可以整体为不锈钢材料制成，也可以是部分地由不锈钢材料制成。
在不锈钢的表面，还可以设置有涂层，例如，在框体212和端盖211的表面可以设置有绝缘层，使得外壳21与电极组件26之间电绝缘，提高了电池单体20的可靠性。在框体212和端盖211的表面还可以设置有镀镍层，镀镍层提高了外壳21的耐磨性以及耐腐蚀性，进而增加了外壳21的使用寿命。
不锈钢材料具有较高的强度以及疲劳强度，一方面，使得框体212和端盖211形成的外壳21的壁厚可以更小，使得外壳21内能够容纳更大尺寸的电极组件26，提高了电池单体20的能量密度。另一方面，不锈钢具有良好的耐腐蚀性，增加了外壳21的使用寿命。
根据本申请的另一些实施例，框体212和/或端盖211还可以为铝合金。
根据本申请的一些实施例，端盖211焊接于框体212。
在将端盖211焊接于框体212时，焊接于第一边缘部2125和端盖211接触处或者第二边缘部2111和端盖211的接触处。
在上述方案中，端盖211和框体212通过焊接的方式连接，一方面具有连接强度高的优点，另一方面，焊接后端盖211和框体212的连接处轮廓规则，不会形成较大的凸起，使得外壳21的外轮廓规则。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池单体20，包括上述实施例中的外壳21和电极组件26。电极组件26容纳于外壳21内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图21，图21为本申请一些实施例提供的电极端子25的结构示意图，框体212具有壁部，壁部设置有引出孔，引出孔沿壁部的厚度方向贯穿壁部。电池单体20还包括电极端子25，电极端子25与电极组件26电连接，电极端子25包括端子本体252、第一限位部253和第二限位部251，端子本体252穿设于引出孔内，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一限位部253和第二限位分别连接于端子本体252的两端，第一限位部253和第二限位部251分别位于壁部的两侧，以固定端子本体252。
壁部可以是框体212的某一个侧壁，由于框体212具有两个开口，操作空间大，因此将引出孔设置于壁部，便于将电极组件26连接于电极端子25。
第一限位部253和第二限位部251可以通过将端子本体252铆接于壁部形成，即对端子本体252的两端施加沿端子本体252轴向的作用力，使得端子本体252的两端沿端子本体252的径向扩展形成，壁部部分地夹设于第一限位部253和第二限位部251之间，使得端子本体252可以固定于壁部。
第一限位部253和第二限位部251还可以独立的部件，例如，端子本体252的周壁可以设置有螺纹，第一限位部253和第二限位部251可以设置有螺孔，将端子本体252与螺孔配合，使得第一限位部253和第二限位部251可以和端子本体252螺纹连接。
端子本体252用于将电极组件26的电能引出外壳21，端子本体252在第一限位部253和第二限位部251的作用下固定于壁部，端子本体252和壁部不需焊接，降低了焊接时可能焊穿框体212造成框体212结构损伤的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图21，电池单体20还包括集流构件22，集流构件22连接电极端子25和电极组件26。其中，集流构件22设置有第二引出孔，端子本体252穿设于第二引出孔内，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一限位部253位于外壳21内，集流构件22至少部分位于第一限位部253和壁部之间。
集流构件22用于使电极端子25和电极组件26电连接，集流构件22可以是金属导电件，例如金属导线或者金属导电片。
将集流构件22部分设置于第一限位部253和壁部之间，第一限位部253既可以将集流构件22连接于端子本体252，又可以使端子本体252和集流构件22电连接，不需要将端子本体252和集流构件22焊接，降低了焊接时可能焊穿框体212造成框体212结构损伤的风险。再有，由于不需焊接，精简了装配工序，提高了生产效率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图21，电池单体20还包括第一绝缘件23，沿壁部的厚度方向，第一绝缘件23至少部分位于集流构件22与壁部之间，以绝缘隔离集流构件22和壁部。
第一绝缘件23可以是塑料或橡胶制成片状体，第一绝缘件23可以设置有第三引出孔，端子本体252依次穿设于第一引出孔、第三引出孔和第二引出孔，使得第一绝缘件23可以夹设于壁部和集流构件22之间。
第一绝缘件23通过绝缘集流构件22与壁部，降低了二者发生短接的风险，提高了电池单体20的可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图21，电池单体20还包括第二绝缘件24，沿壁部的厚度方向，第二绝缘件24至少部分位于壁部与第二限位部251之间，第二限位部251位于外壳21外。
第二绝缘件24可以是塑料或橡胶制成片状体，第二绝缘件24可以设置有第四引出孔， 端子本体252穿设于第四引出孔，使得第二绝缘件24部分地夹设于第二限位部251和壁部之间。
第二绝缘件24面向第二限位部251的面上可以设置有沉孔，第二限位部251可以至少部分地设置于沉孔内，使得第二绝缘件24和第二限位部251可以定位配合。
第二绝缘件24通过绝缘第二限位部251与壁部，降低了二者发生短接的风险，提高了电池单体20的可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池100，包括上述实施例中的电池单体20。电池100还可以包括箱体10，电池单体20设置于箱体10内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池100，电池100用以提供电能。或者，用电设备可以包括上述实施例中的电池单体20，电池单体20用于提供电能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图3-图5，本申请实施例还提供了一种外壳21，包括框体212和两个端盖211。框体212包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个开口。沿第一方向，两个端盖211分别连接于框体212的两端，并分别封闭两个开口，两个端盖211和框体212共同围成用于容纳电极组件26的容纳空间。
框体212为矩形结构，框体212包括首尾依次连接的多个侧壁，多个侧壁围合形成两个开口，开口的面积大于每个侧壁的外表面的面积。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种外壳，其特征在于，包括：
    框体，所述框体包括沿第一方向相对设置的两个开口；
    两个端盖，沿所述第一方向，两个所述端盖分别连接于所述框体的两端，并分别封闭两个所述开口，两个所述端盖和所述框体共同围成用于容纳电极组件的容纳空间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的外壳，其特征在于，所述框体包括首尾依次连接的多个侧壁，多个所述侧壁围合形成两个所述开口，所述开口的面积大于每个所述侧壁的外表面的面积。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的外壳，其特征在于，多个所述侧壁包括首尾依次连接的第一侧壁、第二侧壁、第三侧壁和第四侧壁；
    沿第二方向，所述第一侧壁与所述第三侧壁相对设置；
    沿第三方向，所述第二侧壁与所述第四侧壁相对设置；
    其中，所述第一方向、所述第二方向和所述第三方向两两垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的外壳，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述框体的至少一端设置有围绕所述开口设置的第一边缘部，所述第一边缘部用于连接所述端盖。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的外壳，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述框体的两端均设置有所述第一边缘部，两个所述端盖分别连接于两个所述第一边缘部。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的外壳，其特征在于，所述第一边缘部凸出于所述框体的外侧面；或，所述第一边缘部凸出于所述框体的内侧面。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的外壳，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，所述端盖面向所述框体的表面设置有凸部，所述凸部至少部分位于所述框体内，并与所述框体定位配合。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的外壳，其特征在于，至少一个所述端盖设置有第二边缘部，所述第二边缘部围绕所述端盖的边缘设置，沿所述第一方向，所述第二边缘部凸出于所述端盖面向所述框体的表面，所述第二边缘部用于连接所述框体。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的外壳，其特征在于，两个所述端盖均设置有所述第二边缘部。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的外壳，其特征在于，所述第二边缘部连接于所述框体的外侧面；或，所述第二边缘部连接于所述框体的内侧面。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的外壳，其特征在于，所述框体具有内侧面、外侧面和两个端面，所述内侧面与所述外侧面相对设置，两个所述端面沿所述第一方向相对设置，两个所述端盖分别连接于两个所述端面，所述端面连接所述内侧面和所述外侧面；
    其中，所述内侧面与所述外侧面的距离为L1，沿所述第一方向，所述端盖具有与所述端面重叠的连接部，所述连接部的厚度为L2，L1>L2。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的外壳，其特征在于，所述端盖的厚度为D1，所述框体的厚度为D2，满足，50um≤D1≤200um；和/或，50um≤D2≤200um。
  13. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的外壳，其特征在于，所述框体和/或所述端盖包括不锈钢。
  14. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的外壳，其特征在于，所述端盖焊接于所述框体。
  15. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1-14任一项所述的外壳；
    电极组件，容纳于所述外壳内。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述框体具有壁部，所述壁部设置有引出孔，所述引出孔沿所述壁部的厚度方向贯穿所述壁部；
    所述电池单体还包括电极端子，所述电极端子与所述电极组件电连接，所述电极端子包括端子本体、第一限位部和第二限位部，所述端子本体穿设于所述引出孔内，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位分别连接于所述端子本体的两端，所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部分别位于所述壁部的两侧，以固定所述端子本体。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体还包括集流构件，所述集流构件连接所述电极端子和所述电极组件；
    其中，所述集流构件设置有第二引出孔，所述端子本体穿设于所述第二引出孔内，沿所述壁部的厚度方向，所述第一限位部位于所述外壳内，所述集流构件至少部分位于所述第一限位部和所述壁部之间。
  18. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括如权利要求15-17任一项所述的电池单体。
  19. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求18所述的电池。
PCT/CN2023/124168 2022-10-17 2023-10-12 外壳、电池单体、电池及用电设备 Ceased WO2024083022A1 (zh)

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