WO2024085691A1 - 공중합체 - Google Patents
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- WO2024085691A1 WO2024085691A1 PCT/KR2023/016284 KR2023016284W WO2024085691A1 WO 2024085691 A1 WO2024085691 A1 WO 2024085691A1 KR 2023016284 W KR2023016284 W KR 2023016284W WO 2024085691 A1 WO2024085691 A1 WO 2024085691A1
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- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
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- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/322—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed
- C08G2261/3221—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more nitrogen atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. pyrrole, pyridine or triazole
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- C08G2261/3223—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain non-condensed containing one or more sulfur atoms as the only heteroatom, e.g. thiophene
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Definitions
- the application area of energy storage technology is expanding to include mobile phones, tablets and laptop PCs, and electric vehicles.
- the main cause of such accidents is known to be a short phenomenon in which the anode and cathode inside the electrode assembly come into direct contact mainly due to external stimulation.
- the short circuit phenomenon may occur due to shrinkage of the separator due to an increase in the internal temperature of the secondary battery or destruction of the internal structure of the secondary battery due to external shock. there is.
- This specification discloses copolymers and their uses.
- the purpose of the present specification is to disclose a conductive copolymer that exhibits a controlled positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect and oxidation potential to suit the purpose.
- PTC positive temperature coefficient
- This conductive copolymer exhibits excellent electrical properties such as low resistance in a normal state and does not affect, or rather improves, the performance and operation of the secondary battery, and in an abnormal state, a current collector for electrodes that can ensure stability, An electrode and a secondary battery including the electrode can be formed.
- the purpose of the present specification is also to disclose the use of said copolymers.
- room temperature refers to a natural temperature that is not heated or cooled.
- room temperature is any temperature in the range of 10°C to 30°C, or about 23°C, about 25°C, or about 27°C. It may be a temperature of
- the physical properties are those measured at room temperature.
- normal pressure in this specification refers to natural pressure that is not pressurized or depressurized, and may usually mean a pressure of about 730 mmHg to 790 mmHg.
- the physical properties mentioned in this specification are those measured at normal pressure, unless otherwise specified.
- the physical properties mentioned in this specification are those measured at standard humidity.
- Humidity in a standard state means a relative humidity within the range of 40% to 60%, for example, a relative humidity of about 55% or 60%.
- the term normal state refers to a normal operating state of the secondary battery (for example, a normal charging or discharging state of the secondary battery) or storage state.
- abnormal state refers to a dangerous state in which an abnormal flow of electric charge, abnormal heat generation or explosion, etc. occurs due to external shock and/or a short circuit phenomenon, or the possibility of occurrence of such an abnormal state increases.
- the copolymer can exhibit a precisely controlled positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect and oxidation potential depending on the purpose.
- PTC positive temperature coefficient
- the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect is an effect in which resistance increases with temperature. Therefore, if the PTC effect of the conductive copolymer is designed so that it is not exerted at a normal temperature or is suppressed and then appears in an abnormal state, the stability of the secondary battery can be secured by suppressing the flow of abnormal charges.
- a secondary battery to which the copolymer is applied can be operated stably during repeated charging and discharging and high-speed charging and discharging in a normal state.
- the copolymer contains at least two different monomer units.
- monomer unit refers to a structure contained in a copolymer by polymerizing monomers, unless otherwise specified.
- the copolymer may be polythiophene or thiophene polymer.
- polythiophene or thiophene polymer refers to a polymer containing thiophene units at a certain level or more.
- thiophene unit refers to a monomer unit formed by polymerizing thiophene-based monomers, and the thiophene-based monomer refers to a monomer containing a thiophene skeleton.
- the lower limit of the ratio of thiophene units in the polythiophene or thiophene polymer is about 10 mol%, 15 mol%, 20 mol%, 25 mole based on the total number of moles of all monomer units in the polythiophene or thiophene polymer.
- the proportion of thiophene units in the polythiophene or thiophene polymer is within a range that is above or above any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- hydrocarbon functional group refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon group (i.e., a monovalent functional group consisting of carbon and hydrogen) or a monovalent functional group containing the monovalent hydrocarbon group. Accordingly, the hydrocarbon functional group may contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon functional group or monovalent hydrocarbon group may be about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12, and the upper limit is , 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4 There may be one or three.
- the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon functional group or monovalent hydrocarbon group is within a range that is greater than or greater than any of the lower limits described above; or within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the number of carbon atoms may be the total number of carbon atoms present in the hydrocarbon functional group or monovalent hydrocarbon group, or the number of carbon atoms in a straight-chain hydrocarbon chain included in the hydrocarbon functional group or monovalent hydrocarbon group. That is, the hydrocarbon functional group or monovalent hydrocarbon group may have a straight chain structure or a branched chain structure. Even in the case of a branched chain structure, the number of carbon atoms constituting the longest straight chain in the branched chain structure may be within the above range. For example, if the branched chain structure is a 2-ethylhexyl group, the number of carbon atoms constituting the longest chain is 6 in the hexyl chain.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, or an alkenyl group
- examples of the hydrocarbon functional group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group, or an alkylcarbonyloxy group.
- the hydrocarbon functional group may be an alkyl group and/or an alkoxy group.
- the number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkyl group of the alkyl carbonyl group, and the alkyl group of the alkyl carbonyloxy group may be within the range of the number of carbon atoms present in the hydrocarbon functional group or monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkyl group of the alkylcarbonyl group, and the alkyl group of the alkylcarbonyloxy group may have a straight chain or branched chain structure.
- the most The number of carbon atoms constituting the long straight chain may be within the range of the number of carbon atoms present in the hydrocarbon functional group or monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- hydrocarbon functional group such as alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, alkylcarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- the lower limit of the molar ratio of the thiophene unit having the hydrocarbon functional group is 30 mol%, 35 mol%, 40 mol%, 45 mol%, 50 mol%, 55 mol%, 60 mol%, It may be about 65 mol% or 70 mol%, and the upper limit is 95 mol%, 90 mol%, 85 mol%, 80 mol%, 75 mol%, 70 mol%, 65 mol%, 60 mol%, 55 mol%. , it may be about 50 mol% or 45 mol%.
- the above ratio is a ratio based on the total number of moles of all monomer units included in the copolymer.
- the ratio is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the conductive copolymer or the polymer layer exhibits an appropriate PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) effect, its surface properties can be adjusted to ensure excellent adhesion in the electrode or current collector for electrodes, and an appropriate level of oxidation potential can be maintained. It can be expressed.
- PTC Pressure Temperature Coefficient
- the hydrocarbon functional group is a functional group that can provide appropriate mobility to the polymerization process of the conductive polymer or to the conductive polymer itself. These functional groups provide appropriate fluidity to the monomer mixture and also allow polymerization to occur with excellent efficiency by diffusing within the monomer mixture.
- the conductive polymer having the above functional group can enable a polymer layer to be formed stably and uniformly between the current collector body and the active material layer through appropriate fluidity.
- the hydrocarbon functional group may be appropriately oriented during the drying or annealing process (heat treatment process) applied in the process of forming the polymer layer to impart appropriate PTC effect and oxidation potential characteristics to the copolymer.
- thermo vibration When a certain amount of heat energy is applied to the hydrocarbon functional group, it vibrates due to the heat, and this vibration (thermal vibration) promotes dedoping of the anion bound to the copolymer, resulting in an increase in resistance. It is induced.
- the temperature at which the thermal vibration occurs can be controlled by the length and/or amount of the hydrocarbon functional group. For example, under the same temperature, the thermal vibration of a relatively long chain is greater than that of a relatively short chain, and accordingly, the long chain can induce a resistance increase effect at a relatively low temperature. Therefore, the desired PTC effect can be set by controlling the length and/or ratio of the hydrocarbon functional group.
- a first thiophene unit having a long-chain hydrocarbon functional group and a second thiophene unit having a short-chain hydrocarbon functional group may be included in the copolymer.
- long-chain hydrocarbon functional group refers to a hydrocarbon functional group that falls within the category of hydrocarbon functional groups described above and has a certain number of carbon atoms or more than a certain level.
- short-chain hydrocarbon functional group refers to a hydrocarbon functional group that falls within the category of hydrocarbon functional groups described above and has a carbon number below a certain level.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms of the long-chain hydrocarbon group may be about 10, 11, or 12, and the upper limit may be 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, It could be 12, 11, or even 10.
- the number of carbon atoms possessed by the long-chain hydrocarbon group is within a range greater than or exceeding any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the lower limit of the number of carbon atoms of the short-chain hydrocarbon group may be about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, and the upper limit may be about 9, 8, 7, or 6.
- the number of carbon atoms of the short-chain hydrocarbon group is within a range that is below or below any of the upper limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the number of carbon atoms may be the total number of carbon atoms present in the long-chain and short-chain hydrocarbon functional groups, or the number of carbon atoms in the straight-chain hydrocarbon chain included in the functional group.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group present in the long-chain and short-chain hydrocarbon functional groups may have a straight chain structure or a branched chain structure. Even in the case of a branched chain structure, the number of carbon atoms constituting the longest straight chain in the branched chain structure is within the above range. It can be done tomorrow. For example, if the branched chain structure is a 2-ethylhexyl group, the number of carbon atoms constituting the longest chain is 6.
- examples of the long-chain and short-chain hydrocarbon functional groups may include one or more selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group, and an alkylcarbonyloxy group.
- the long-chain and short-chain hydrocarbon functional groups may be alkyl groups and/or alkoxy groups.
- the number of carbon atoms present in the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, the alkynyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkyl group of the alkyl carbonyl group, and the alkyl group of the alkyl carbonyloxy group may be within the range of the number of carbon atoms present in the long-chain or short-chain hydrocarbon functional group.
- hydrocarbon functional group such as alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, alkylcarbonyl group, or alkylcarbonyloxy may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the total number of moles of the first and second thiophene units is 30 mol%, 35 mol%, 40 mol%, 45 mol%, 50 mol%, 55 mol%, 60 mol. %, 65 mol%, or 70 mol%
- the upper limit is 95 mol%, 90 mol%, 85 mol%, 80 mol%, 75 mol%, 70 mol%, 65 mol%, 60 mol%, 55 mol%. It may be about mol%, 50 mol% or 45 mol%.
- the above ratio is a ratio based on the total number of moles of all monomer units included in the copolymer.
- the ratio is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the lower limit of the ratio (M2/M1) of the mole number (M2) of the thiophene unit having the short-chain hydrocarbon functional group to the mole number (M1) of the thiophene unit having the long-chain hydrocarbon functional group in the conductive copolymer is 0.01, It can be around 0.05, 0.1 or 0.5, with upper limits being 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10. , 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, or 0.55.
- the ratio is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the conductive copolymer or the polymer layer exhibits an appropriate PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) effect, and its surface properties can be adjusted to ensure excellent adhesion in the electrode or current collector for electrodes.
- PTC Pressure Temperature Coefficient
- the copolymer may further include, as the thiophene unit, a thiophene unit having a polar functional group along with a thiophene unit having the hydrocarbon functional group.
- polar functional group refers to a functional group containing one or two or more polar atoms, for example, oxygen and/or nitrogen.
- polar functional groups include, but are not limited to, a carboxyl group, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an ether group, or a functional group represented by the following formula (4).
- L 3 is a single bond, an alkylene group or an alkylidene group
- L 4 is an alkylene group or an alkylidene group
- R 8 is hydrogen or an alkyl group
- n is an arbitrary number.
- L 3 is a single bond, which means that L 3 does not exist and the oxygen atom between L 4 and L 3 is connected to the skeleton of a monomer or polymer.
- alkylene group refers to a divalent functional group formed by removing hydrogen atoms from two different carbon atoms in an alkane
- alkylidene group refers to a divalent functional group formed by removing two hydrogen atoms from one carbon atom in an alkane. refers to a functional group.
- alkylene group may be an alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, 2 to 16 carbon atoms, 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms, unless otherwise specified.
- the alkylene group may be straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic, and may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- alkylidene group may be an alkylidene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, unless otherwise specified.
- the alkylidene group may be straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic, and may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
- the alkyl group of R 8 in Formula 4 may be an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- the alkyl group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic, and may be suitably straight-chain or branched.
- the lower limit of n may be about 1, 2, 3, or 4, and the upper limit may be about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, or 3.
- the n is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- a polymer layer containing a conductive polymer can be bonded to another layer to have an appropriate bonding force, and the desired protective function can be efficiently achieved by uniformly forming the layer of the conductive polymer.
- the thiophene unit having the polar functional group is such that the total number of moles of thiophene units having the hydrocarbon functional group is per mole of the thiophene unit having the polar functional group. It may exist within a certain range.
- the lower limit of the total number of moles of thiophene units having the hydrocarbon functional group per 1 mole of thiophene units having the polar functional group is 1 mol, 2 mol, 3 mol, 4 mol, 5 mol, 6 mol, 7 mol.
- it may be about 8 moles, 8.5 moles or 9 moles, and the upper limit is 500 moles, 450 moles, 400 moles, 350 moles, 300 moles, 250 moles, 200 moles, 150 moles, 100 moles, 95 moles, 90 moles, 85 mol, 80 mol, 75 mol, 70 mol, 65 mol, 60 mol, 55 mol, 50 mol, 45 mol, 40 mol, 35 mol, 30 mol, 25 mol, 20 mol, 15 mol, 10 mol, 9.5 mol. Or it may be about 9 moles.
- the ratio is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- Such a thiophene unit may be, for example, a unit of the following formula (1).
- R 1 and R 2 may each independently be hydrogen, the polar functional group, or the hydrocarbon functional group.
- R 1 and R 2 of Formula 1 may be connected to each other to form a divalent functional group of Formula 2 below.
- L 1 and L 2 are each independently a single bond, an alkylene group, or an alkylidene group, and R 3 and R 4 are each independently hydrogen, the polar functional group, or the hydrocarbon functional group.
- R 1 and R 2 are the hydrocarbon functional group (if R 1 and R 2 are not connected), or R 3
- R 4 may be the above hydrocarbon functional group (if R 1 and R 2 are not connected).
- the unit of Formula 1 is a thiophene unit having the above-described polar functional group
- at least one of R 1 and R 2 is the polar functional group (if R 1 and R 2 are not connected), or R 3
- R 4 may be the polar functional group (if R 1 and R 2 are not connected).
- R 1 and R 2 are the long-chain hydrocarbon functional group described above (if R 1 and R 2 are not connected)
- one or more of R 3 and R 4 may be the long-chain hydrocarbon functional group described above (if R 1 and R 2 are not connected).
- R 1 and R 2 are the above-described short-chain hydrocarbon functional group (if R 1 and R 2 are not connected)
- one or more of R 3 and R 4 may be the short-chain hydrocarbon functional group described above (if R 1 and R 2 are not connected).
- hydrocarbon functional group polar functional group
- long-chain hydrocarbon functional group long-chain hydrocarbon functional group
- short-chain hydrocarbon functional group short-chain hydrocarbon functional group
- the copolymer may contain additional other monomer units along with the thiophene units.
- additional monomers may be included to adjust the oxidation potential of the copolymer.
- Such monomers include pyrrole or a monomer containing its skeleton. These monomers may serve to lower the high oxidation potential of the thiophene unit.
- the copolymer may include a unit of the following formula (3) together with the thiophene unit.
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently hydrogen, a polar functional group, or a hydrocarbon functional group.
- specific details about the polar functional group and hydrocarbon functional group are the same as described for the thiophene unit.
- a copolymer in which the above units exist simultaneously can exhibit a PTC effect and an appropriate oxidation potential.
- the copolymer can be applied to an electrode to induce stable operation of the secondary battery without an increase in resistance in a normal state.
- the ratio of the units of Formula 3 in the copolymer is adjusted according to the desired PTC effect and/or oxidation potential and is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the ratio of units of Formula 3 is 1 mol%, 5 mol%, 10 mol%, 15 mol%, 20 mol%, 25 mol%, 30 mol%, 35 mole. %, 40 mol%, 45 mol%, or 50 mol%
- the upper limit is 95 mol%, 90 mol%, 85 mol%, 80 mol%, 75 mol%, 70 mol%, 65 mol%, 60 mol%. It may be about mol%, 55 mol%, 50 mol%, 45 mol%, 40 mol%, 35 mol%, 30 mol%, 25 mol%, or 20 mol%.
- the ratio is based on the total number of moles of all monomer units included in the copolymer.
- the ratio is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the lower limit of the ratio of the total number of moles of the thiophene unit and the unit of Formula 3 in the copolymer is about 50 mol%, 55 mol%, 60 mol%, 65 mol%, 70 mol%, 75 mol%, 80 mol. %, 85 mol%, or 90 mol%, and the upper limit may be about 100 mol% or 95 mol%.
- the ratio is based on the total number of moles of all monomer units included in the copolymer.
- the ratio is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the copolymer may further include other monomer units within the range that does not impair the desired effect, for example, the PTC effect and/or oxidation potential.
- the copolymer may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) within a predetermined range.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the lower limit of the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is 10,000 g/mol, 20,000 g/mol, 30,000 g/mol, 40,000 g/mol, 50,000 g/mol, 60,000 g/mol, 70,000 g/mol, 80,000 g/mol , may be about 90,000 g/mol or 100,000 g/mol, and the upper limits are 2,000,000 g/mol, 1,500,000 g/mol, 1,000,000 g/mol, 900,000 g/mol, 800,000 g/mol, 700,000 g/mol, 600,000 g.
- the weight average molecular weight is within a range that is below or below any of the upper limits described above; At least or within a range exceeding any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the molecular weight distribution of the copolymer may be within a predetermined range.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight distribution may be about 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, or 4, and the upper limit may be about 8, 7.5, 7, 6.5, 6, 5.5, 5, 4.5, or 4.
- the molecular weight distribution is within a range that is below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are measured by the method described in “2. GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatograph)” in the Example section of this specification.
- the copolymer may exhibit controlled oxidation potential.
- the lower limit of the oxidation potential of the copolymer is 0V, 0.1V, 0.2V, 0.3V, 0.4V, 0.5V, 0.6V, 0.7V, 0.8V, 0.9V, 1.0V, 1.1V, 1.2V, 1.3V, 1.4V, 1.5V, 1.6V, 1.7V, 1.8V, 1.9V, 2.0V, 2.1V, 2.2V, 2.3V, 2.4V, 2.5V, 2.6V, 2.7V, 2.8V, 2.9V , 3V, 3.1V, 3.2V, 3.3V, 3.4V, 3.5V, 3.6V, 3.7V, 3.8V or 3.9V, with an upper limit of 6.0V, 5.5V, 5V, 4.5V, 4.0V.
- the oxidation potential is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits, or below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. It can also have a range.
- the oxidation potential of the copolymer is the oxidation potential relative to lithium, and is measured based on lithium and lithium ions (Li/Li + ). The method for measuring the oxidation potential is described in “4. Method for measuring the oxidation potential of a copolymer” in the Example section of this specification.
- the upper limit of the DC resistance of the copolymer at 25°C is 10 4 ⁇ cm, 9500 ⁇ cm, 9000 ⁇ cm, 8500 ⁇ cm, 8000 ⁇ cm, 7500 ⁇ cm, 7000 ⁇ ⁇ cm, 6500 ⁇ cm, 6000 ⁇ cm, 5500 ⁇ cm, 5000 ⁇ cm, 4500 ⁇ cm, 4000 ⁇ cm, 3500 ⁇ cm, 3000 ⁇ cm, 2500 ⁇ cm, 2000 ⁇ ⁇ cm, 1500 ⁇ cm, 1000 ⁇ cm, 950 ⁇ cm, 900 ⁇ cm, 850 ⁇ cm, 800 ⁇ cm, 750 ⁇ cm, 700 ⁇ cm, 650 ⁇ cm, 600 ⁇ ⁇ cm, 550 ⁇ cm, 500 ⁇ cm, 450 ⁇ cm or 400 ⁇ cm, and the lower limit is 10 ⁇ cm, 50 ⁇ cm, 100
- the DC resistance is within a range that is below or below any of the upper limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the DC resistance was measured by the method described in “6. DC resistance measurement method” in the examples of the present specification.
- the upper limit of the AC impedance resistance of the copolymer is 10 3 ⁇ , 950 ⁇ , 900 ⁇ , 850 ⁇ , 800 ⁇ , 750 ⁇ , 700 ⁇ , 650 ⁇ , 600 ⁇ , 550 ⁇ , 500 ⁇ , 450 ⁇ , 400 ⁇ , 350 ⁇ , 300 ⁇ , 250 ⁇ , 200 ⁇ , 150 ⁇ , 100 ⁇ , 95 ⁇ , 90 ⁇ , 85 ⁇ , 80 ⁇ , 75 ⁇ , 70 ⁇ , 65 ⁇ , 60 ⁇ , 55 ⁇ or 50 ⁇ , and the lower limit may be 10 ⁇ , 15 ⁇ , 20 ⁇ , 25 ⁇ , 30 ⁇ , 35 ⁇ , 40 ⁇ , 450 ⁇ , or 50 ⁇ .
- the AC impedance resistance is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the AC impedance resistance was measured by the method described in “7. Interface resistance (AC impedance resistance)” in the examples of the present specification.
- the secondary battery or electrode assembly to which the copolymer is applied can be stably operated or stored in a normal state.
- the copolymer can exhibit a PTC effect designed to suit the purpose.
- the copolymer may exhibit the characteristic that ⁇ R1 in the following formula 1 is within a predetermined range.
- ⁇ R1 Max ⁇ (R n+5 /R n )/5 ⁇
- R n is the DC resistance at any temperature n°C within the range of 25°C to 135°C
- R n+5 is the DC resistance at a temperature 5°C higher than the temperature n°C ((n+5)°C). It is a DC resistance
- Max ⁇ (R n+5 /R n )/5 ⁇ is the maximum value among the (R n+5 /R n )/5 values confirmed within the temperature range of 25°C to 135°C.
- ⁇ R1 in Equation 1 is measured for a coin cell to which the above copolymer is applied, and the specific method is described in “8. Measurement of Maximum Resistance Change Rate (DC Resistance)” in the Examples.
- the initial temperature is 25°C and the final temperature is 135°C.
- Confirm R n+5 and R n by measuring DC resistance at each temperature while increasing the temperature by 5°C from the initial temperature of 25°C.
- R 95 /R 90 is the ratio of the DC resistance at 95°C to the DC resistance at 90°C.
- ⁇ R1 is 100 ⁇ cm/°C or more at any temperature within the temperature range of 25°C to 135°C, which means that the resistance of the copolymer increases relatively rapidly at any temperature within the temperature range. means that
- the lower limit of ⁇ R1 may be about 100, 150, or 200, and the upper limit may be 1,000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, It could be around 250 or 200.
- the unit of ⁇ R1 is ⁇ cm/°C.
- the ⁇ R1 is within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the temperature at which ⁇ R1 is confirmed is 81°C, 82°C, 83°C, 84°C, 85°C, 86°C, 87°C, 88°C, 89°C, 90°C, 91°C. , 92°C, 93°C, 94°C, or 95°C
- the upper limit is 200°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, 150°C, 140°C, 130°C, 120°C, 110°C, It may be around 100°C or 95°C.
- the temperature is within a range below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is above or above any of the above-described lower limits, or within a range between below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or exceeding any of the above-described lower limits. You can have it.
- the temperature is adjusted to a temperature at which an abnormal state occurs or there is a risk of an abnormal state occurring.
- an electrode, electrode assembly, or secondary battery maintains stable performance even when stored at a relatively high temperature in a normal state and even under charging and discharging conditions at high temperatures, and under ideal conditions. Stability can be ensured.
- the copolymer may exhibit characteristics in which ⁇ R2 of the following formula 2 is within a predetermined range.
- ⁇ R2 Max ⁇ (R z+5 /R z )/5 ⁇
- R z is the AC impedance resistance at any temperature n °C within the range of 25 °C to 135 °C
- R z + 5 is at a temperature 5 °C higher than the temperature n °C ((n + 5) °C) is the AC impedance resistance
- Max ⁇ (R z+5 /R z )/5 ⁇ is the maximum value among (R z+5 /R z )/5 values confirmed within the temperature range of 25°C to 135°C. .
- ⁇ R2 in Equation 2 is measured for a coin cell to which the above copolymer is applied, and the specific method is described in “9. Measurement of maximum resistance change rate (AC impedance)” in the Example.
- the initial temperature is 25°C and the final temperature is 135°C.
- the R z+5 and R z are confirmed by measuring the AC impedance resistance at each temperature while increasing the temperature by 5°C from the initial temperature of 25°C.
- R 95 /R 90 is the ratio of the AC impedance resistance at 95°C to the AC impedance resistance at 90°C.
- that ⁇ R2 is 10 ⁇ /°C or more at any temperature within the temperature range of 25°C to 135°C means that the resistance of the copolymer increases relatively rapidly at any temperature within the temperature range. do.
- the lower limit of ⁇ R2 may be about 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, or 24, and the upper limit may be about 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, It could be around 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25 or 24.
- the unit of ⁇ R2 is ⁇ /°C.
- the ⁇ R2 is below or below any of the above-described upper limits, above or above any of the above-described lower limits, below or below any of the above-described upper limits, and It may have a range between or above any one of the lower limits.
- the temperature at which ⁇ R2 in the above range is confirmed is 80°C, 81°C, 82°C, 83°C, 84°C, 85°C, 86°C, 87°C, 88°C, 89°C, It may be around 90°C, 91°C, 92°C, 93°C, 94°C or 95°C, and the upper limit is 200°C, 190°C, 180°C, 170°C, 160°C, 150°C, 140°C, 130°C, 120°C. It may be around °C, 110°C, 100°C or 95°C.
- the temperature is within a range below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the temperature is adjusted to a temperature at which an abnormal state occurs or there is a risk of an abnormal state occurring.
- This specification discloses a current collector or electrode for an electrode to which the above copolymer is applied.
- the current collector for the electrode may include a current collector body and a polymer layer formed on the body.
- the polymer layer may include the above-described copolymer.
- the current collector for the electrode can be used to form an electrode.
- an electrode formed using the electrode current collector may include the electrode current collector and an active material layer formed on the polymer layer of the current collector.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an electrode in which an active material layer 300 is formed on the polymer layer 200 of an electrode current collector including the current collector body 100 and the polymer layer 200.
- the current collector body 100 and the polymer layer 200, and the polymer layer 200 and the active material layer 300 may be in contact with each other, and other elements may be present between them. may exist. Additionally, in the drawing, the active material layer 300 is shown on only one side of the current collector body 100, but the active material layer 300 may be present on both sides of the current collector body 100. In this case, the polymer layer 200 may be two layers between the current collector body 100 and each of the active material layers 300 present on both sides of the current collector body 100, and the active material layer 200 may be present on both sides of the current collector body 100. One layer may exist between any one of the layers 300 and the current collector body 100.
- the electrode formed from the current collector for the electrode may be an anode or a cathode applied to a secondary battery.
- the polymer layer contains the above-described copolymer, and thus stable operation and maintenance in a normal state and stability in an abnormal state are possible.
- the relationship between the oxidation potential of the active material layer formed on the polymer layer or the electrode active material included therein and the polymer layer or the copolymer included therein may be adjusted.
- the oxidation potential of the active material layer or the electrode active material may be adjusted to be higher than the oxidation potential of the polymer layer or the copolymer.
- RV in Equation 3 below may be within a predetermined range.
- Va is the oxidation potential of the electrode active material or active material layer
- Vp is the oxidation potential of the copolymer or polymer layer
- the oxidation potential Va and Vp are oxidation potentials relative to lithium, and are measured based on lithium and lithium ions (Li/Li + ).
- the method for measuring the oxidation potential Vp is described in “4.
- Method for measuring oxidation potential of copolymer in the Examples section of this specification, and the method for measuring the oxidation potential Va is described in “5. It is described in “Method for measuring oxidation potential of electrode active material.”
- the lower limit of RV in Equation 3 may be around 100.5, 101, 101.5, 102, 102.5, 103, 103.5, 104, or 104.5, and the upper limit may be around 200, 150, 145, 140, 135, 130, 125, 120, 115. , 110, 109, 108, 107, 106, or 105.
- the RV is within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the oxidation potential Va of the active material layer or the electrode active material is within the range of RV in the formula 3 above.
- the lower limit of the oxidation potential Va is 2.0V, 2.1V, 2.2V, 2.3V, 2.4V, 2.5V, 2.6V, 2.7V, 2.8V, 2.9V, 3V, 3.1V, 3.2V, It can be around 3.3V, 3.4V, 3.5V, 3.6V, 3.7V, 3.8V, 3.9V or 4.0V, with the upper limit being 5V, 4.9V, 4.8V, 4.7V, 4.6V, 4.5V, 4.4V. , may be around 4.3V, 4.2V or 4.1V.
- the oxidation potential is within a range that is below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the current collector for the electrode or the current collector main body applied to the electrode one commonly used as the current collector main body for the positive or negative electrode can be used without any particular limitation.
- the type, size, and shape of the current collector body are not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical changes in applied devices such as secondary batteries.
- Examples of materials that can be used as the current collector body include copper, aluminum, stainless steel, nickel, titanium, or calcined carbon, or the surface of copper, aluminum, or stainless steel is coated with carbon, nickel, titanium, or silver. Examples may include processed materials.
- the current collector body may be in the form of a film, sheet, foil, net, porous material, foam, or non-woven material containing the above material. In some cases, a known surface treatment may be performed on the surface of the current collector body to improve adhesion to other layers such as a polymer layer or an active material layer.
- This current collector body may have a thickness typically in the range of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto.
- the active material layer a commonly applied layer can be used.
- the active material layer contains an electrode active material.
- an electrode active material There is no particular limitation on the specific type of the electrode active material, and materials that usually form a positive electrode or a negative electrode can be used.
- the electrode active material is a layered compound such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals.
- LiCoO 2 lithium cobalt oxide
- LiNiO 2 lithium nickel oxide
- the electrode active material is a layered compound such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals.
- Lithium iron oxide such as LiFe 3 O 4
- lithium copper oxide Li 2 CuO 2
- Vanadium oxides such as LiV 3 O 8 , V 2 O 5 , or Cu 2 V 2 O 7
- Chemical formula LiNi 1-c2 M c2 O 2 (where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B and Ga, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 0.3) Ni site-type lithium nickel oxide
- Chemical formula LiMn 2-c3 M c3 O 2 where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn and Ta, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇ c3 ⁇ 0.1) or Li 2 Mn 3 MO lithium manganese composite oxide represented by 8 (where M is at least one
- the active material layer is a negative electrode active material layer
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used as the electrode active material.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon;
- a composite containing the above-described metallic compound and a carbonaceous material such as a Si-C composite or Sn-C composite, may be used, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- a lithium thin film may be used as the anode active material, and low-crystalline carbon and high-crystalline carbon may be used as the carbon material.
- low-crystalline carbon include soft carbon and hard carbon
- high-crystalline carbon includes amorphous, plate-shaped, flaky, spherical, or fibrous natural graphite, artificial graphite, and Kish graphite.
- the electrode active material may be included in the active material layer in a range of about 40% to 99.5% by weight based on the total weight of the active material layer, but the ratio may be changed depending on the use or design of the electrode.
- the active material layer may additionally include a binder.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between active materials and between the active material layer and the current collector body.
- Examples of the binder are not particularly limited and include, for example, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and CMC.
- the binder may be included in the active material layer in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material, but is not limited thereto.
- the active material layer may additionally include a conductive material, if necessary.
- a conductive material any known material can be used without particular restrictions as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical changes in the secondary battery.
- graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite
- Carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, Paneth black, lamp black, and thermal black
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber
- Conductive tubes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
- Metal powders such as fluorocarbon, aluminum, and nickel powder
- Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide and/or conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in the active material layer in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material, but is not limited thereto.
- the active material layer may optionally further contain any necessary known components in addition to the components described above.
- the polymer layer present on the current collector main body may include the above copolymer.
- the polymer layer may include only the copolymer, or may further include any other necessary additives in addition to the copolymer.
- the desired electrode can be effectively formed.
- the lower limit of the content of the copolymer in the polymer layer is 30% by weight, 35% by weight, 40% by weight, 45% by weight, 50% by weight, 55% by weight, 60% by weight, 65% by weight, and 70% by weight.
- the ratio is based on the total weight of the polymer layer.
- the range of the ratio is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the thickness of the polymer layer can be appropriately controlled depending on the purpose.
- the lower limit of the thickness may be 10 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 150 nm, or 200 nm
- the upper limit may be 2 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 950 nm, 900 nm, 850 nm, It may be about 800 nm, 750 nm, 700 nm, 650 nm, 600 nm, 550 nm, 500 nm, 450 nm, 400 nm, 350 nm or 300 nm.
- the thickness is within a range that is below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may have a range between being below or below any of the above-described upper limits and being above or above any of the above-described lower limits.
- the thickness can be measured by the method described in “3. Measurement of Thickness” in the Examples section of this specification.
- This specification also discloses a method of manufacturing the current collector or electrode for the electrode.
- the method of manufacturing a current collector for an electrode of the present application may include forming the polymer layer on the current collector body, and the method of manufacturing the electrode includes forming the active material layer on the polymer layer. It can be included.
- the polymer layer can be formed by diluting the above-described conductive polymer and other additives, if necessary, in an appropriate solvent to prepare a coating solution, coating it on a current collector, and then drying it.
- the polymer layer may be formed by polymerizing monomers forming the conductive polymer directly on the current collector main body.
- the manufacturing and coating method of the coating composition for forming the polymer layer is not particularly limited, and known coating methods may be applied. Additionally, the method of polymerizing the conductive polymer is not particularly limited, and known methods can be applied. For example, a method using an oxidative polymerization reaction or a radical reaction method is known as a method for producing polythiophene, and this method can also be applied to the process of forming the conductive polymer in the present application.
- a polymer layer can be formed on the current collector body using the coating composition prepared above.
- This process may typically include coating the coating composition on the current collector body and heat treating the coated coating composition.
- the properties of the polymer layer can be controlled by the heat treatment conditions.
- the heat treatment temperature T and/or the heat treatment time H may be adjusted.
- the lower limit of the temperature T is 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 105°C, 110°C, It may be around 115°C, 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, 135°C or 140°C, and the upper limit is 300°C, 295°C, 290°C, 285°C, 280°C, 275°C, 270°C, 265°C, 260°C.
- the temperature is within a range below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may be within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. Within this range, the alignment state of the hydrocarbon groups of the conductive copolymer can be appropriately adjusted, and thus the desired properties can be secured.
- the product (T ⁇ H) of the heat treatment temperature T and time H can be adjusted.
- the lower limit of the product (T ⁇ H) of the heat treatment temperature T and time H is 0.01°C ⁇ hour, 0.05°C ⁇ hour, 0.1°C ⁇ hour, 0.2°C ⁇ hour, 0.3°C ⁇ hour, 0.5°C ⁇ hour, 1°C ⁇ hour, 5°C ⁇ hour, 10°C ⁇ hour, 15°C ⁇ hour, 20°C ⁇ hour, 25°C ⁇ hour, 30°C ⁇ hour, 35°C ⁇ hour, 40°C ⁇ hour, 45°C ⁇ hour, It may be around 50°C ⁇ hour, 75°C ⁇ hour, 100°C ⁇ hour, 110°C ⁇ hour, 120°C ⁇ hour or 130°C ⁇ hour, and the upper limit is 100000°C ⁇ hour, 95000°C ⁇ hour, 90000°C ⁇ hour.
- the product (T ⁇ H) is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may be within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. Within this range, the alignment state of the hydrocarbon groups of the conductive copolymer can be appropriately adjusted, and thus the desired properties can be secured.
- the heat treatment can be performed in two steps.
- the heat treatment may include first heat treating the coating composition at a first temperature T1 for a first time H1 and secondary heat treatment at a second temperature T2 for a second time H2, wherein The temperatures T1 and T2 are different from each other, and/or the times H1 and H2 are different from each other.
- the lower limit of the temperature T1 is 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, 100°C, 105°C, 110°C, It may be around 115°C, 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, 135°C or 140°C, and the upper limit is 300°C, 295°C, 290°C, 285°C, 280°C, 275°C, 270°C, 265°C, 260°C.
- the temperature is within a range below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may be within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. Within this range, the alignment state of the hydrocarbon groups of the conductive copolymer can be appropriately adjusted, and thus the desired properties can be secured.
- the lower limit of the product (T1 ⁇ H1) of the temperature T1 and time H1 of the primary heat treatment is 0.01°C ⁇ hour, 0.05°C ⁇ hour, 0.1°C ⁇ hour, 0.2°C ⁇ hour, or 0.3°C ⁇ hour, 1°C ⁇ hour, 2°C ⁇ hour, 3°C ⁇ hour, 4°C ⁇ hour, 5°C ⁇ hour, 6°C ⁇ hour, 7°C ⁇ hour, 8°C ⁇ hour or 9°C ⁇ hour, and the upper limit is, 1000°C ⁇ hour, 900°C ⁇ hour, 800°C ⁇ hour, 700°C ⁇ hour, 600°C ⁇ hour, 500°C ⁇ hour, 400°C ⁇ hour, 300°C ⁇ hour, 200°C ⁇ hour, 100°C ⁇ hour, 90°C ⁇ hour, 80°C ⁇ hour, 70°C ⁇ hour, 60°C ⁇ hour, 50°C ⁇ hour, 45°C ⁇ hour, 40°C ⁇ hour, 35°C ⁇ hour, 30°C ⁇ hour, 25°C ⁇ hour, It may be around 20°C ⁇ hour
- the product (T1 ⁇ H1) is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may be within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. Within this range, the alignment state of the hydrocarbon groups of the conductive copolymer can be appropriately adjusted, and thus the desired properties can be secured.
- the lower limit of the heat treatment temperature T2 of the secondary heat treatment is 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 95°C, It may be around 100°C, 105°C, 110°C, 115°C, 120°C, 125°C or 130°C, and the upper limit is 300°C, 295°C, 290°C, 285°C, 280°C, 275°C, 270°C, 265°C.
- the temperature is within a range below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may be within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. Within this range, the alignment state of the hydrocarbon groups of the conductive copolymer can be appropriately adjusted, and thus the desired properties can be secured.
- the product (T2 ⁇ H2) of the secondary heat treatment temperature T2 and time H2 can be adjusted.
- the lower limit of the product (T2 ⁇ H2) of the heat treatment temperature T and time H is 10°C ⁇ hour, 15°C ⁇ hour, 20°C ⁇ hour, 25°C ⁇ hour, 30°C ⁇ hour, 35°C ⁇ hour, It may be about 40°C ⁇ hour, 45°C ⁇ hour, 50°C ⁇ hour, 75°C ⁇ hour, 100°C ⁇ hour, 110°C ⁇ hour, 120°C ⁇ hour or 130°C ⁇ hour, and the upper limit is 1000°C ⁇ hour.
- the product (T2 ⁇ H2) is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may be within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. Within this range, the alignment state of the hydrocarbon groups of the conductive copolymer can be appropriately adjusted, and thus the desired properties can be secured.
- the lower limit of the ratio T1/T2 of the temperature T1 of the primary heat treatment and the temperature T2 of the secondary heat treatment is 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.04, 1.05, It may be around 1.06 or 1.07, and the upper limit may be around 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.9, 1.8, 1.7, 1.6, 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, 1.2 or 1.1.
- the ratio T1/T2 is within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may be within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. Within this range, the alignment state of the hydrocarbon groups of the conductive copolymer can be appropriately adjusted, and thus the desired properties can be secured.
- the lower limit of the ratio H2/H1 of the time H1 of the primary heat treatment and the time H2 of the secondary heat treatment is 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14.5 or It could be around 15, and the upper limit is 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16. , may be around 15.5 or 15.
- the ratio H2/H1 is within a range that is below or below any of the upper limits described above; or within a range that is greater than or exceeds any of the lower limits described above; Alternatively, it may be within a range that is below or below any of the above-described upper limits and above or above any of the above-described lower limits. Within this range, the alignment state of the hydrocarbon groups of the conductive copolymer can be appropriately adjusted, and thus the desired properties can be secured.
- post-processes such as an appropriate drying process may be additionally performed following the coating and/or polymerization process.
- the active material layer is formed by coating a slurry containing the electrode active material, binder, and conductive material on a current collector (on a polymer layer), drying it, and then rolling it, and this known method can be equally applied in the present application.
- This specification also discloses an electrode assembly or electrochemical device, such as a secondary battery, including the electrode.
- copolymers and their uses.
- the copolymer may exhibit a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect and oxidation potential controlled to suit the purpose.
- PTC positive temperature coefficient
- This conductive copolymer exhibits excellent electrical properties such as low resistance in a normal state and does not affect, or rather improves, the performance and operation of the secondary battery, and in an abnormal state, a current collector for electrodes that can ensure stability, An electrode and a secondary battery including the electrode can be formed.
- PTC positive temperature coefficient
- the specification also discloses uses of the above copolymers.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary electrode of the present application.
- Figure 2 shows the results of NMR analysis of the monomer prepared in Preparation Example.
- copolymer disclosed herein will be described in detail below through examples and comparative examples, but the scope of the copolymer is not limited by the examples below.
- GPC Gel permeation chromatography
- Standard sample polystyrene (Mp: 3900000, 723000, 316500, 52200, 31400, 7200, 3940, 485)
- the thickness of the polymer layer was measured by cross-sectioning the electrode using ion milling equipment (Hitachi, IM5000) and then taking images with a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) (JEOL, JSM-7200F).
- the conditions for forming a cross section by ion milling are that the equipment is in cross-section milling mode, the speed (reciprocation/min) is 3, the acceleration voltage is 6.0 kV, and the discharge voltage is 15.
- the procedure was set to kV, current was 150 ⁇ A, and time was set to 4 hours.
- the oxidation potential of the copolymer was measured in the following manner.
- a layer (hereinafter referred to as polymer layer) with a thickness of approximately 10 ⁇ m was formed on aluminum foil (Al Foil) with a thickness of approximately 15 ⁇ m using a copolymer whose oxidation potential is to be measured.
- the polymer layer was formed by dispersing the copolymer in a solvent (chloroform) at a concentration of about 2.0% by weight, coating the aluminum foil with a bar coating method, maintaining it at 140°C for about 4 minutes, and then heating it to 130°C. It was formed by maintaining it for about 60 minutes.
- a separator and a lithium film were laminated on the polymer layer to produce a laminate of aluminum foil/polymer layer/separator/lithium film, and the laminate was punched into a circle with a diameter of about 1.4 cm.
- a coin cell was manufactured using a circularly punched laminate and an electrolyte (using Welcos CR2032 coin cell kit).
- EC Ethylene Carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- the oxidation potential of the coin cell was measured using an electrochemical meter (potentiostat) (Princeton Applied Research, PARASTAT-MC) at 25°C. Oxidation potential was measured by measuring CV (Cyclic Voltammetry) in the range of 1.5V to 5.5V at a scan rate of 0.17 mV/sec to 0.5 mV/sec.
- the oxidation potential is measured based on lithium and lithium ions (Li/Li + ).
- the oxidation potential of the electrode active material was measured in the following manner.
- An electrode active material layer was formed on aluminum foil (Al Foil) with a thickness of approximately 15 ⁇ m.
- the active material layer was formed using slurry.
- the slurry includes an electrode active material, a conductive material (ECP (Ketjen Black) 0.5%, SFG (Trimrex graphite) 0.4%, DB (Denka Black) 0.4%), PVDF (poly(vinylidene fluoride)), and NMP (N-Methyl- 2-pyrrolidone) was prepared by mixing it at a weight ratio of 100:16:6:100 (electrode active material:conductive material:PVDF:NMP).
- ECP Electrodetjen Black
- SFG Trimrex graphite
- DB Denska Black
- NMP N-Methyl- 2-pyrrolidone
- the slurry was applied on the aluminum foil with a doctor blade, dried at room temperature (about 25°C), kept in a drying oven at 130°C for about 30 minutes, and rolled to form an active material layer with a thickness of about 50 to 70 ⁇ m. .
- the electrode active material an electrode active material whose oxidation potential is to be measured is used.
- a separator and a lithium film were laminated on the active material to prepare a laminate of aluminum foil/active material layer/separator/lithium film, and the laminate was punched into a circle with a diameter of about 1.4 cm.
- a coin cell was manufactured using a circularly punched laminate and an electrolyte (using Welcos CR2032 coin cell kit).
- EC Ethylene Carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- the oxidation potential of the coin cell was measured using an electrochemical meter (potentiostat) (manufacturer: Princeton Applied Research, product name: PARASTAT-MC) at 25°C. Oxidation potential was measured by measuring CV (Cyclic Voltammetry) in the range of 1.5V to 5.5V at a scan rate of 0.17 mV/sec to 0.5 mV/sec.
- DC resistance was evaluated using the same coin cell as used in “4. Method for measuring oxidation potential of copolymer” above. A voltage of 4.3 eV was applied to the coin cell for 10 minutes at room temperature (25°C), and DC resistance was measured using a Fluke digital multi-tester (FLUKE-87-5).
- the interfacial resistance was evaluated through EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectronization) using the same coin cell as used in "4. Method for measuring oxidation potential of copolymers" above. A voltage of 4.3V was applied to the coin cell for 10 minutes at room temperature (25°C), and the interfacial resistance obtained in the High Frequency region was measured in a nyquist plot obtained by EIS measurement at 50,000 Hz to 0.1 Hz. An electrochemical meter (potentiostat) (Princeton Applied Research, PARASTAT-MC) was used as the EIS measurement device.
- EIS Electrochemical Impedance Spectronization
- the maximum resistance change rate ⁇ R1 is determined according to Equation 1 below.
- ⁇ R1 Max ⁇ (R n+5 /R n )/5 ⁇
- the ⁇ R1 is measured in the following manner.
- a coin cell for measuring DC resistance (a coin cell applied in "6. DC resistance measurement method” above) is placed in the center of a convection oven (Jiotech, OF3-05W), and the temperature of the oven is adjusted from an initial temperature of 25°C to a final temperature of 25°C. Set the temperature to 135°C, increasing by 5°C per minute.
- the coin cell is connected to a resistance measurement multimeter (Fluke's digital multi-tester (FLUKE-87-5)) outside the oven to enable resistance measurement.
- FLUKE-87-5 a resistance measurement multimeter
- DC resistance is measured at 105°C, 110°C, 115°C, 120°C, 125°C and 130°C respectively. Each temperature is maintained for 1 minute according to the settings, and the DC resistance is measured after 1 minute has elapsed at that temperature.
- the DC resistance at each temperature becomes R n in Equation 1 above, and the DC resistance at a temperature 5°C higher than the corresponding temperature becomes R n+5 in Equation 1 above.
- the maximum resistance change rate ⁇ R2 is determined according to Equation 2 below.
- ⁇ R2 Max ⁇ (R z+5 /R z )/5 ⁇
- the ⁇ R2 is measured in the following manner.
- a coin cell for measuring AC impedance resistance (coin cell applied in "7. Interface resistance (AC impedance resistance)” above) is placed in the center of a convection oven (Jiotech, OF3-05W), and the temperature of the oven is set to an initial temperature of 25. °C, set to increase by 5°C per minute until the final temperature is 135°C.
- the coin cell is connected to a resistance meter outside the oven (the meter applied in “6. Interface Resistance (AC Impedance Resistance)” above) to enable resistance measurement. Next, measure the AC impedance resistance at each temperature while increasing the temperature as set.
- AC impedance resistance is measured at 105°C, 110°C, 115°C, 120°C, 125°C, and 130°C, respectively. Each temperature is maintained for 1 minute according to the settings, and the AC impedance resistance is measured after 1 minute has elapsed at that temperature.
- the AC impedance resistance at each temperature becomes R z in Equation 2 above, and the AC impedance resistance at a temperature 5°C higher than the corresponding temperature becomes R z+5 in Equation 2 above.
- the temperature z°C at /5 is set as the On-Set temperature.
- the AC impedance resistance was determined by applying a voltage of 4.3V for 10 minutes and obtaining the resistance obtained from the semicircle of the High Frequency area in the Nyquist plot obtained by EIS measurement at 50,000 Hz to 0.1 Hz.
- the conductive copolymer (A) was synthesized by polymerization for a period of time.
- 3-dodecylthiophene unit (I), 3-hexylthiophene unit (II), monomer (A) unit (III) of Preparation Example 1 and
- the molar ratio of pyrrole units (IV) is 2.96:1.48:0.49:1.23 (I:II:III:IV).
- the polymerization solution was placed in an osmosis membrane with a molecular weight of cut-off (MWCO) of 5000, and then immersed in 200 ml of acetonitrile solvent to remove unreacted iron chloride and monomers.
- the residue precipitated inside the osmosis membrane was washed with methanol and dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain a conductive copolymer (A).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of the conductive copolymer (A) were about 99,000 g/mol and 28,000 g/mol, respectively, and the oxidation potential was about 3.95 V.
- the conductive copolymer (B) was synthesized by polymerization for a period of time.
- 3-dodecylthiophene unit (I), 3-hexylthiophene unit (II), monomer (A) unit (III) of Preparation Example 1 and
- the molar ratio of pyrrole units (IV) is 1.97:0.98:0.33:3.28 (I:II:III:IV).
- the polymerization solution was placed in an osmosis membrane with a molecular weight of cut-off (MWCO) of 5000, and then immersed in 200 ml of acetonitrile solvent to remove unreacted iron chloride and monomers.
- the residue precipitated inside the osmosis membrane was washed with methanol and dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain a conductive copolymer (B).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of the conductive copolymer (B) were about 102,000 g/mol and 25,000 g/mol, respectively, and the oxidation potential was about 3.90 V.
- the polymerization solution was placed in an osmosis membrane with a molecular weight of cut-off (MWCO) of 5000, and then immersed in 200 ml of acetonitrile solvent to remove unreacted iron(III) chloride monomers and low molecular weight oligomers.
- MWCO molecular weight of cut-off
- the residue precipitated inside the osmosis membrane was washed with methanol and dried at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain a conductive copolymer (C).
- the conductive copolymer (C) had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 118,000 g/mol and 24,500 g/mol, respectively, and an oxidation potential of about 4.04 V.
- Al foil with a thickness of approximately 15 ⁇ m was used as the current collector layer.
- a coating solution was prepared by dispersing the copolymer (A) of Preparation Example 2 in a solvent (Chloroform) at a concentration of about 2.0% by weight. The coating solution was coated on the current collector layer using a bar coating method. Next, the current collector layer with the coating layer formed was kept in a drying oven at 140°C for about 4 minutes, and then again at about 130°C for 1 hour to form a layer (polymer layer) with a thickness of about 200 nm.
- an active material layer was formed on the polymer layer.
- the active material layer was formed using slurry.
- the slurry includes an electrode active material, a conductive material (ECP (Ketjen Black) 0.5%, SFG (Trimrex graphite) 0.4%, DB (Denka Black) 0.4%), PVDF (poly(vinylidene fluoride)), and NMP (N-Methyl- 2-pyrrolidone) was prepared by mixing it at a solids ratio of 100:16:6:100 (electrode active material:conductive material:PVDF:NMP).
- ECP Electrodetjen Black
- SFG Trimrex graphite
- DB Denska Black
- NMP N-Methyl- 2-pyrrolidone
- the slurry was applied on the polymer layer with a doctor blade, dried at room temperature, kept in a drying oven at 130°C for about 30 minutes, and then rolled to form a thickness of about 60 ⁇ m.
- an NCM series positive electrode active material Li[Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ]O 2 ) was used, and the oxidation potential of the active material was about 4.08 V.
- An electrode was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, except that the copolymer (B) of Preparation Example 3 was used instead of the copolymer (A) of Preparation Example 2.
- An electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the copolymer (C) of Preparation Example 4 was used instead of the copolymer (A) of Preparation Example 2.
- the charge/discharge test was performed by manufacturing a coin cell.
- the coin cell was produced using a CR2032 standard coin cell kit (Welcos CR2032 coin cell kit).
- the electrode manufactured in Example or Comparative Example was used as the positive electrode, and a lithium film (thickness: about 100 ⁇ m) was used as the negative electrode.
- a separator a PE (poly(ethylene)) separator (W.Scope Korea, WL20C model) was used.
- a charge/discharge test was performed using the coin cell, and the charge/discharge test was performed at room temperature (about 25°C).
- the charging end voltage was set to 4.5V and the charge end current was set to 1mA, and the initial capacity was measured by charging and discharging at a rate of 0.1C using CC (Constant Current)/CV (Constant Voltage) method.
- CC Constant Current
- CV Constant Voltage
- the coin cell was set to a charge end voltage of 4.5V and a charge end current of 1mA, and was charged at a rate of 0.5C using the CC (Constant Current)/CV (Constant Voltage) method under the conditions of 0.1C, 0.5C, 1C, and 2C.
- the change in capacity was measured while discharging.
- Ref refers to an electrode manufactured in the same manner as Example 1, and is an electrode manufactured by forming an active material layer directly on the current collector without forming a polymer layer in Example 1. Looking at the results in Table 1, the initial capacity of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 was similar to that of Ref. However, in the case of Comparative Example 1, it can be seen in the charge/discharge test that the faster the discharge rate, the greater the decrease in capacity.
- Examples 1 and 2 did not show a decrease in capacity even when the discharge speed increased, and rather, Ref. It can be seen that a relatively high capacity is confirmed.
- Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 DC resistance ( ⁇ cm) 420 400 510 Interface resistance (AC impedance) 50 48 72 Equation 1 ⁇ R1 210 200 190 On set (°C) 95 95 95 Equation 2 ⁇ R2 23.3 25 15.2 On set (°C) 95 95 95 95
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Abstract
Description
| 0.1C/0.1C 초기 용량 | 0.5C Ch(0.5C 충전) | ||||||
| Ch | Dch | 효율(Efficiency) | 0.1C Dch | 0.5C Dch | 1C Dch | 2C Dch | |
| 실시예 1 | 193.0 | 183.1 | 95% | 181.9 | 171.7 | 167.6 | 163.6 |
| 실시예 2 | 192.9 | 184.8 | 96% | 182.2 | 173.4 | 170.2 | 168.1 |
| 비교예 1 | 193.1 | 181.4 | 94% | 180.7 | 170.3 | 165.1 | 158.8 |
| Ref. | 192.9 | 182.4 | 95% | 181.6 | 171.9 | 167.5 | 162.3 |
| 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 비교예 1 | ||
| DC 저항(Ω·cm) | 420 | 400 | 510 | |
| 계면 저항(AC impedance) | 50 | 48 | 72 | |
| 식 1 | △R1 | 210 | 200 | 190 |
| On set (℃) | 95 | 95 | 95 | |
| 식 2 | △R2 | 23.3 | 25 | 15.2 |
| On set (℃) | 95 | 95 | 95 | |
Claims (20)
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 리튬 대비 산화 전위가 4.00 V 이하인 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 티오펜 단위로서, 탄화수소 관능기를 가지는 티오펜 단위를 포함하는 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 티오펜 단위로서, 탄소수 10 이상의 탄화수소 관능기를 가지는 제 1 티오펜 단위 및 탄소수 9 이하의 탄화수소 관능기를 가지는 제 2 티오펜 단위를 포함하는 공중합체.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 제 1 또는 제 2 티오펜 단위의 탄화수소 관능기는 직쇄 또는 분지쇄의 알킬기, 알케닐기 또는 알키닐기인 공중합체.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 제 1 및 제 2 티오펜 단위의 합계 몰수의 비율이 30몰% 이상인 공중합체.
- 제 5 항에 있어서, 제 2 티오펜 단위의 몰수 M2의 제 1 티오펜 단위의 몰수 M1에 대한 비율 M2/M1이 0.01 내지 100의 범위 내에 있는 공중합체.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 티오펜 단위로서, 극성 관능기를 가지는 티오펜 단위를 추가로 포함하는 공중합체.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 극성 관능기를 가지는 티오펜 단위 1몰 당 1몰 내지 500몰의 탄화수소 관능기를 가지는 티오펜 단위를 포함하는 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 화학식 3의 단위를 1 내지 90몰%의 비율로 포함하는 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, DC 저항이 10,000 Ω·cm 이하인 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, AC 임피던스 저항이 1,000 Ω 이하인 공중합체.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 하기 식 1의 △R1이 100 Ω·cm/℃ 이상이고, 상기 100 Ω·cm/℃ 이상의 △R1이 확인되는 온도 Rn이 80℃ 이상인 공중합체:[식 1]△R1 = Max{(Rn+5/Rn)/5}식 1에서 Rn은, 25℃ 내지 135℃의 범위 내의 임의의 온도 n℃에서의 DC 저항이고, Rn+5는 상기 온도 n℃ 대비 5℃ 높은 온도 ((n+5)℃)에서의 DC 저항이며, Max{(Rn+5/Rn)/5}는, 25℃ 내지 135℃의 온도 범위 내에서 확인된 (Rn+5/Rn)/5값 중 최대값이다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 하기 식 2의 △R2가 10 Ω/℃ 이상이고, 상기 10 Ω/℃ 이상의 △R2가 확인되는 온도가 80℃ 이상인 공중합체:[식 2]△R2 = Max{(Rz+5/Rz)/5}식 2에서 Rz는, 25℃ 내지 135℃의 범위 내의 임의의 온도 n℃에서의 AC 임피던스 저항이고, Rz+5는 상기 온도 n℃ 대비 5℃ 높은 온도 ((n+5)℃)에서의 AC 임피던스 저항이며, Max{(Rz+5/Rz)/5}는, 25℃ 내지 135℃의 온도 범위 내에서 확인된 (Rz+5/Rz)/5값 중 최대값이다.
- 집전체 본체; 및상기 집전체 본체상에 형성되고, 제 1 항 내지 제 15 항 중 어느 한 항의 공중합체를 포함하는 고분자층을 가지는 전극용 집전체.
- 집전체 본체;상기 집전체 본체 상에 형성되고, 전극 활물질을 포함하는 활물질층; 및상기 집전체 본체와 상기 활물질층의 사이에 형성되고, 제 1 항 내지 제 15 항 중 어느 한 항의 공중합체를 포함하는 고분자층을 가지는 전극.
- 제 17 항에 있어서, 하기 식 3의 RV가 100 초과인 전극:[식 3]RV = 100ХVa/Vp식 3에서 Va는, 전극 활물질의 산화 전위이고, Vp는 공중합체 또는 고분자층의 산화 전위이다.
- 제 17 항의 전극을 포함하는 전극 조립체.
- 제 17 항의 전극을 포함하는 이차 전지.
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| EP23880266.4A EP4556504A4 (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | Copolymer |
| JP2025513101A JP2025529233A (ja) | 2022-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | 共重合体 |
| CN202380061024.5A CN119768450A (zh) | 2022-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | 共聚物 |
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| EP (1) | EP4556504A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2025529233A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20240054911A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN119768450A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024085691A1 (ko) |
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| CN109920972A (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-06-21 | 湘潭大学 | 基于吡咯的ptc电极及其制备方法 |
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| US7318982B2 (en) * | 2003-06-23 | 2008-01-15 | A123 Systems, Inc. | Polymer composition for encapsulation of electrode particles |
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- 2023-10-19 EP EP23880266.4A patent/EP4556504A4/en active Pending
- 2023-10-19 WO PCT/KR2023/016284 patent/WO2024085691A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-19 CN CN202380061024.5A patent/CN119768450A/zh active Pending
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| JP2025529233A (ja) | 2025-09-04 |
| EP4556504A4 (en) | 2025-11-19 |
| KR20240054911A (ko) | 2024-04-26 |
| CN119768450A (zh) | 2025-04-04 |
| EP4556504A1 (en) | 2025-05-21 |
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