WO2024087444A1 - 一种开放式耳机 - Google Patents

一种开放式耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087444A1
WO2024087444A1 PCT/CN2023/079411 CN2023079411W WO2024087444A1 WO 2024087444 A1 WO2024087444 A1 WO 2024087444A1 CN 2023079411 W CN2023079411 W CN 2023079411W WO 2024087444 A1 WO2024087444 A1 WO 2024087444A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
sound
relief hole
hole
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/079411
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张磊
童珮耕
解国林
李永坚
徐江
招涛
武多多
戢澳
齐心
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd filed Critical Shenzhen Shokz Co Ltd
Priority to JP2024550873A priority Critical patent/JP2025507443A/ja
Priority to CN202380016773.6A priority patent/CN118525525A/zh
Priority to KR1020247028111A priority patent/KR20240141188A/ko
Priority to EP23881047.7A priority patent/EP4456554A4/en
Priority to CN202320619439.7U priority patent/CN220210579U/zh
Priority to DE202023003078.1U priority patent/DE202023003078U1/de
Priority to PCT/CN2023/083546 priority patent/WO2024087491A1/zh
Priority to CN202310327044.4A priority patent/CN117956351A/zh
Priority to EP23881092.3A priority patent/EP4462809A4/en
Priority to CN202380016775.5A priority patent/CN118525526A/zh
Priority to KR1020247027447A priority patent/KR20240137618A/ko
Priority to CN202322160783.7U priority patent/CN220693317U/zh
Priority to JP2024550246A priority patent/JP7754556B2/ja
Priority to US18/334,401 priority patent/US12452572B2/en
Priority to US18/355,407 priority patent/US20240147109A1/en
Priority to US18/468,676 priority patent/US20240007804A1/en
Priority to TW112135750A priority patent/TWI881468B/zh
Priority to US18/472,180 priority patent/US12483842B2/en
Priority to US18/476,225 priority patent/US20240031725A1/en
Priority to US18/476,212 priority patent/US20240031724A1/en
Publication of WO2024087444A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087444A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1008—Earpieces of the supra-aural or circum-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/18—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones at the periphery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/021—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein incorporating only one transducer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/025—Arrangements for fixing loudspeaker transducers, e.g. in a box, furniture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
    • H04R1/2823—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2826—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/127—Non-planar diaphragms or cones dome-shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/045—Mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/105—Earpiece supports, e.g. ear hooks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1066—Constructional aspects of the interconnection between earpiece and earpiece support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/10—Details of earpieces, attachments therefor, earphones or monophonic headphones covered by H04R1/10 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/023—Diaphragms comprising ceramic-like materials, e.g. pure ceramic, glass, boride, nitride, carbide, mica and carbon materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/09—Non-occlusive ear tips, i.e. leaving the ear canal open, for both custom and non-custom tips
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/11—Aspects relating to vents, e.g. shape, orientation, acoustic properties in ear tips of hearing devices to prevent occlusion

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of acoustic technology, and in particular to an open-type earphone.
  • headphones have been widely used in people's daily life. They can be used with mobile phones, computers and other electronic devices to provide users with an auditory feast. According to the way users wear them, acoustic devices can generally be divided into head-mounted, ear-hook and in-ear types. The output of headphones has a great impact on the user's comfort.
  • the embodiment of the present specification provides an open-type earphone, which may include: a sound-generating part.
  • the sound-generating part may include: a transducer, which may include a diaphragm, for generating sound under the action of an excitation signal; and a shell, the shell forming a cavity for accommodating the transducer, wherein, in a wearing state, a sound outlet hole may be provided on the inner side of the shell facing the user's auricle, for guiding the sound generated by the front side of the diaphragm out of the shell and then transmitting it to the ear canal, and at least two pressure relief holes may be provided on the other side walls of the shell, the at least two pressure relief holes include a first pressure relief hole away from the ear canal and a second pressure relief hole close to the ear canal, and the sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole may be greater than the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole.
  • the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole may be located on different sides of the shell, respectively.
  • a ratio between an area of the first pressure relief hole and an area of the second pressure relief hole may be in a range of 1-5.
  • a ratio between a major axis dimension and a minor axis dimension of the first pressure relief hole may be in a range of 1.3-8.
  • a ratio between a major axis dimension and a minor axis dimension of the second pressure relief hole may be in a range of 1-6.
  • a ratio of a length to a width of a cross section of the first pressure relief hole may be greater than a ratio of a length to a width of a cross section of the second pressure relief hole.
  • a ratio of a length to a width of a cross section of the first pressure relief hole may be smaller than a ratio of a length to a width of a cross section of the second pressure relief hole.
  • a ratio between a length and a width of a cross section of the first pressure relief hole may be equal to a ratio between a length and a width of a cross section of the second pressure relief hole.
  • a ratio of an area of the sound outlet hole to a total area of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole may be in a range of 0.1-0.99.
  • the diaphragm divides the cavity into a front cavity and a rear cavity corresponding to the front side and the rear side of the diaphragm respectively, wherein the ratio between the volume of the rear cavity and the volume of the front cavity may be in the range of 0.1-10.
  • the diaphragm divides the cavity into a front cavity and a rear cavity corresponding to the front and rear sides of the diaphragm respectively, wherein the ratio between the resonance frequency of the front cavity and the resonance frequency of the rear cavity may be in the range of 0.1-5.
  • a ratio of an area of the sound outlet hole to a total area of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole may be in a range of 1-10.
  • the diaphragm divides the cavity into a front cavity and a rear cavity corresponding to the front side and the rear side of the diaphragm respectively, wherein the ratio between the volume of the rear cavity and the volume of the front cavity may be in the range of 0.1-10.
  • the diaphragm divides the cavity into a front cavity and a rear cavity corresponding to the front side and the rear side of the diaphragm respectively, wherein the ratio between the resonance frequency of the front cavity and the resonance frequency of the rear cavity may be in the range of 0.5-10.
  • a ratio between an area of the sound outlet hole and a depth of the sound outlet hole may be in a range of 0.31-512.2.
  • the ratio between the major axis dimension and the minor axis dimension of the sound outlet hole may be in the range of 1-10.
  • a ratio of the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole to the total sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole may be within the range of 0.4 to 0.6.
  • the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole and the sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole may be within the range of 0.9 to 1.1.
  • the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole and the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole may be within the range of 0.9 to 1.1.
  • acoustic resistance nets may be provided at the sound outlet and at the at least two pressure relief holes, respectively.
  • the acoustic impedance ratio of the acoustic resistance mesh at the sound outlet hole and the acoustic impedance mesh at the at least two pressure relief holes may be the same.
  • the acoustic impedance rate of the acoustic resistance mesh at the sound outlet hole and the acoustic impedance mesh at the at least two pressure relief holes may be different.
  • the acoustic resistance net provided at the sound outlet hole or the at least two pressure relief holes may include a gauze net or a steel net.
  • the acoustic resistance mesh at the sound outlet may include a gauze mesh and an etched steel mesh.
  • the acoustic impedance of the gauze may be in the range of 2MKS rayls-50MKS rayls.
  • the acoustic impedance of the steel mesh can be in the range of 0.1MKS rayls-10MKS rayls.
  • a distance between an upper surface of the acoustic resistance mesh at the first pressure relief hole facing the outside of the shell and an outer surface of the shell may be in a range of 0.8 mm to 0.9 mm.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the acoustic resistance mesh at the second pressure relief hole facing the outside of the shell and the outer surface of the shell may be in the range of 0.7 mm-0.8 mm.
  • the thickness of the acoustic resistance mesh at the at least two pressure relief holes may be in the range of 40 ⁇ m-150 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ear according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an exemplary structural diagram of an open-type earphone according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG3 is an exemplary wearing diagram of an open-type earphone according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG4 is an exemplary wearing diagram of another open-type earphone according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG5 is another exemplary schematic diagram of the external outline of the open-type earphone shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is another exemplary schematic diagram of the external outline of the open-type earphone shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG7 is another exemplary schematic diagram of the external outline of the open-type earphone shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary distribution of a cavity structure arranged around one of the dipole sound sources according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a listening principle of a dipole sound source structure and a cavity structure constructed around one of the dipole sound sources according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a dipole sound source structure and a sound leakage principle of a cavity structure constructed around one of the dipole sound sources according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary internal structure of a sound-generating part according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of an inner shell according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG13A is a schematic diagram showing exemplary positions of sound outlet holes according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 13B is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to sound outlet holes at different positions according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 14A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary position of a first pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 14B is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to first pressure relief holes at different positions according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG15A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary position of a second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 15B is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to second pressure relief holes at different positions according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG. 16 is a frequency response curve diagram of the front cavity corresponding to different length-to-width ratios of the sound outlet holes according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG. 17 is a frequency response curve diagram of the front cavity corresponding to sound outlet holes of different lengths according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 18 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to different aspect ratios of sound outlet holes according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG. 19 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to sound outlet holes of different lengths according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 20 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to racetrack-shaped sound outlet holes and circular sound outlet holes of different lengths according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG21 is an exemplary structural diagram of a portion of the rear cavity according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 22 is a frequency response curve diagram of the rear cavity corresponding to angles ⁇ of different sizes according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG23A is a schematic diagram of acoustic impedance changes corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG. 23B is a diagram showing the acoustic quality of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole according to different area ratios shown in some embodiments of this specification. Schematic diagram of quantity change;
  • FIG23C is a schematic diagram of changes in radiation acoustic resistance corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG23D is a schematic diagram of changes in radiated sound quality corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • 24A-24E are frequency response curves of the rear cavity corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of this specification;
  • FIG. 25 is a frequency response curve diagram of different lengths of the first pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG. 26 is a frequency response curve diagram of different lengths of the second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG27 is a contour diagram of the ratio of the volume of the front and rear cavities, and the ratio of the opening area of the sound outlet hole to the opening area of the acoustic hole according to some embodiments of the present specification;
  • FIG. 28 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to different volume levels at a sound outlet according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • FIG. 29 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to different volume levels at the first pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG30 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to different volume levels at the second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • 31A-31F are frequency response curves corresponding to when different acoustic resistance nets are respectively provided in the front cavity and the rear cavity according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • system means for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels.
  • device means for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels.
  • unit means for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels.
  • the words can be replaced by other expressions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary ear according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • the ear 100 (also referred to as the auricle) may include an external auditory canal 101, a concha cavity 102, a cymba concha 103, a triangular fossa 104, an antihelix 105, a scaphoid 106, an auricle 107, an earlobe 108, a tragus 109, and an auricle crus 1071.
  • the acoustic device may be supported by one or more parts of the ear 100 to achieve stability in wearing the acoustic device.
  • the external auditory canal 101, the concha cavity 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, and other parts have a certain depth and volume in three-dimensional space, which can be used to achieve the wearing requirements of the acoustic device.
  • an acoustic device e.g., an in-ear headset
  • the wearing of an acoustic device may be achieved by means of other parts of the ear 100 other than the external auditory canal 101.
  • the acoustic device can be worn by means of the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, the helix 107 and other parts or their combination.
  • it in order to improve the comfort and reliability of the acoustic device in wearing, it can also be further used by means of the user's earlobe 108 and other parts.
  • the user's external auditory canal 101 can be "liberated".
  • the acoustic device When the user wears the acoustic device (for example, an open earphone), the acoustic device will not block the user's external auditory canal 101 (or ear canal, ear canal opening), and the user can receive both the sound from the acoustic device and the sound from the environment (for example, horn sounds, car bells, surrounding human voices, traffic control sounds, etc.), thereby reducing the probability of traffic accidents.
  • the acoustic device can be designed into a structure adapted to the ear 100 according to the structure of the ear 100, so as to realize the wearing of the sound-generating part of the acoustic device at various different positions of the ear.
  • the open-type earphone may include a suspension structure (e.g., an ear hook) and a sound-emitting part.
  • the sound-emitting part is physically connected to the suspension structure, and the suspension structure may be adapted to the shape of the auricle so as to place the entirety or a portion of the structure of the sound-emitting part on the front side of the tragus 109 (e.g., the area J surrounded by the dotted line in FIG1 ).
  • the entirety or a portion of the structure of the sound-emitting part may contact the upper part of the external auditory canal 101 (e.g., the location of one or more parts such as the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, the antihelix 105, the scaphoid 106, the helix 107, and the crus 1071).
  • the entirety or a portion of the structure of the sound-emitting part may be located in a cavity formed by one or more parts of the ear 100 (e.g., the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.) (e.g., the area M1 surrounded by the dotted line in FIG1 at least including the cymba concha 103 and the triangular fossa 104 and the area M2 surrounded by at least the dotted line in FIG1 The area M 2 including the concha cavity 102 ).
  • the cavum concha 102 the cavum concha 102, the cymba concha 103, the triangular fossa 104, etc.
  • the area M2 including the concha cavity 102
  • a simulator containing a head and its (left and right) ears can be made based on ANSI: S3.36, S3.25 and IEC: 60318-7 standards as a reference for wearing an acoustic device, thereby presenting the scene of most users wearing the acoustic device normally.
  • the ear used as a reference may have the following relevant features: the size of the projection of the auricle on the sagittal plane in the vertical axis direction may be in the range of 49.5mm-74.3mm, and the size of the projection of the auricle on the sagittal plane in the sagittal axis direction may be in the range of 36.6mm-55mm. Therefore, in this application, descriptions such as “user wears”, “in a wearing state” and “in a wearing state” may refer to the acoustic device described in this application being worn on the ear of the aforementioned simulator. Of course, taking into account the individual differences among different users, the structure, shape, size, thickness, etc.
  • the acoustic device may be designed differently. These differentiated designs may be manifested in that the characteristic parameters of one or more parts of the acoustic device (for example, the sound-emitting part, ear hook, etc. mentioned below) may have different ranges of values to adapt to different ears.
  • the sagittal plane refers to a plane perpendicular to the ground along the front-to-back direction of the body, which divides the human body into left and right parts
  • the coronal plane refers to a plane perpendicular to the ground along the left-to-right direction of the body, which divides the human body into front and back parts
  • the horizontal plane refers to a plane parallel to the ground along the vertical direction perpendicular to the body, which divides the human body into upper and lower parts.
  • the sagittal axis refers to an axis along the front-to-back direction of the body and perpendicular to the coronal plane
  • the coronal axis refers to an axis along the left-to-right direction of the body and perpendicular to the sagittal plane
  • the vertical axis refers to an axis along the up-down direction of the body and perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the "front side of the ear" described in this application is a concept relative to the "back side of the ear", the former refers to the side of the ear away from the head, and the latter refers to the side of the ear facing the head.
  • FIG. 2 is an exemplary structural diagram of an open-type earphone according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary wearing diagram of an open-type earphone according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG. 4 is an exemplary wearing diagram of another open-type earphone according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • an open-type earphone 10 may include a sound-emitting portion 11 and an ear hook 12.
  • the open-type earphone 10 may be worn on the user's body (e.g., the head, neck, or upper torso of the human body) by means of the ear hook 12.
  • the first part of the ear hook 12 when the open earphone 10 is in the wearing state, the first part of the ear hook 12 is hung between the user's auricle and the head, and the second part extends to the side of the auricle away from the head and connects to the sound-emitting part 11, which is used to fix the sound-emitting part 11 near the ear canal but not blocking the ear canal.
  • the ear hook 12 can be an arc structure that matches the user's auricle, so that the ear hook 12 can be hung at the user's upper auricle.
  • the ear hook 12 can also be a clamping structure that matches the user's auricle, so that the ear hook 12 can be clamped at the user's auricle.
  • the ear hook 12 can include but is not limited to a hook structure, an elastic band, etc., so that the open earphone 10 can be better fixed to the user to prevent the user from falling off during use.
  • the open earphone 10 in order to improve the stability of the open earphone 10 in the wearing state, can adopt any one of the following methods or a combination thereof.
  • the ear hook 12 is configured as a contoured structure that fits at least one of the back side of the ear and the head, so as to increase the contact area between the ear hook 12 and the ear and/or the head, thereby increasing the resistance of the open earphone 10 to fall off the ear.
  • At least a portion of the ear hook 12 is configured as an elastic structure so that it has a certain amount of deformation in the wearing state, so as to increase the positive pressure of the ear hook 12 on the ear and/or the head, thereby increasing the resistance of the open earphone 10 to fall off the ear.
  • at least a portion of the ear hook 12 is configured to abut against the head in the wearing state, so as to form a reaction force that presses the ear, so that the sound-emitting portion 11 is pressed against the front side of the ear, thereby increasing the resistance of the open earphone 10 to fall off the ear.
  • the sound-generating part 11 and the ear hook 12 are configured to clamp the physiological parts such as the area where the antihelix is located and the area where the cavum concha is located from the front and back sides of the ear when worn, thereby increasing the resistance of the open earphone 10 to fall off the ear.
  • the sound-generating part 11 or the auxiliary structure connected thereto is configured to at least partially extend into the physiological parts such as the cavum concha, the cymba concha, the triangular fossa and the scaphoid, thereby increasing the resistance of the open earphone 10 to fall off the ear.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 can be worn on the user's body to generate sound input to the user's ear 100.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 may include a transducer 112.
  • the transducer 112 may include a diaphragm (e.g., a diaphragm 1121 as shown in FIG. 11 ) for generating sound under the action of an excitation signal.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 may also include a housing 111.
  • the housing 111 may form a cavity for accommodating the transducer 112.
  • a sound outlet hole e.g., a sound outlet hole 111a as shown in FIG.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can emit a sound with a phase difference (for example, phase difference) through the sound-emitting hole and the two pressure relief holes.
  • the at least two pressure relief holes may include a first pressure relief hole (for example, the first pressure relief hole 111c shown in FIG. 12) and a second pressure relief hole (for example, the second pressure relief hole 111d shown in FIG. 12).
  • the second pressure relief hole may be closer to the ear canal than the first pressure relief hole.
  • the sound waves transmitted from the second pressure relief hole close to the ear canal are more likely to cancel out the sound waves transmitted from the sound outlet in the near field (for example, the ear canal).
  • the sound pressure of the second pressure relief hole can be smaller to reduce the interference and cancellation of the sound derived from the second pressure relief hole and the sound derived from the sound outlet in the near field, thereby improving the listening effect of the open earphone 10.
  • the open earphone 10 can be combined with products such as glasses, headphones, head-mounted display devices, AR/VR helmets, etc.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can be fixed near the user's ear 100 by hanging or clamping.
  • the shell 111 can be a shell structure having a shape that fits the human ear 100, for example, a circular ring, an ellipse, a polygon (regular or irregular), a U-shape, a V-shape, a semicircle, so that the sound-emitting part 11 can be directly hung at the user's ear 100.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can have a long axis direction Y and a short axis (or width) direction Z that are perpendicular to the thickness direction X and orthogonal to each other.
  • the long axis direction Y can be defined as the direction with the largest extension dimension in the shape of the two-dimensional projection surface of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, the projection of the sound-emitting part 11 on the plane where its outer side surface is located, or the projection on the sagittal plane) (for example, when the projection shape is a rectangle or an approximate rectangle, the long axis direction is the length direction of the rectangle or the approximate rectangle).
  • the short axis direction Z can be defined as the direction perpendicular to the long axis direction Y in the shape of the two-dimensional projection surface of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, when the projection shape is a rectangle or an approximate rectangle, the short axis direction is the width direction of the rectangle or the approximate rectangle).
  • the thickness direction X can be defined as the direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional projection surface (for example, consistent with the direction of the coronal axis, both pointing to the left and right directions of the body).
  • the long axis direction Y can be consistent with the direction of the sagittal axis, both pointing to the front and back directions of the body
  • the short axis direction Z can be consistent with the direction of the vertical axis, both pointing to the up and down directions of the body, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the long axis direction Y and the short axis direction Z can still be parallel to or approximately parallel to the sagittal plane, and the long axis direction Y can have a certain angle with the direction of the sagittal axis, that is, the long axis direction Y is also tilted accordingly, and the short axis direction Z can have a certain angle with the direction of the vertical axis, that is, the short axis direction Z is also tilted, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 may be located above, below, in front of (eg, in front of the tragus) or inside the auricle (eg, in the concha cavity) of the user's ear 100.
  • the open earphone 10 may include but is not limited to air conduction earphones, bone air conduction earphones, etc.
  • when the open earphone 10 is in a wearing state it may not block the user's external auditory canal 101, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the projection of the open earphone 10 on the user's ear plane may partially or completely cover but not block the user's external auditory canal 101, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the projection of the open earphone 10 on the user's ear plane may also not cover the user's external auditory canal 101, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the open earphone 10 shown in Fig. 4 is taken as an example to explain the open earphone 10 in detail. It should be noted that the structure and corresponding parameters of the open earphone 10 in Fig. 4 can also be applied to the open earphones of other configurations mentioned above without violating the corresponding acoustic principles.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 may have a connection end CE connected to the ear hook 12 and a free end FE not connected to the ear hook 12.
  • a connection end CE connected to the ear hook 12 and a free end FE not connected to the ear hook 12.
  • the connection end CE may be closer to the top of the head than the free end FE (as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6), so that the free end FE can extend into the concha cavity.
  • FIG. 4 in the worn state, when observed along the direction of the human coronal axis, the connection end CE may be closer to the top of the head than the free end FE (as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6), so that the free end FE can extend into the concha cavity.
  • the free end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 may not extend into the concha cavity.
  • the distance between the connection end CE and the top of the head may be approximately equal to the distance between the free end FE and the top of the head.
  • the line connecting the connection end CE and the free end FE may be parallel to the horizontal plane (as shown in FIG. 3).
  • the free end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 may not extend into the concha cavity.
  • the connecting end CE may be farther away from the top of the head than the free end FE to avoid the sound-emitting part 11 blocking the user's external auditory canal and concha cavity.
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 and the ear hook 12 can be configured to clamp the ear region corresponding to the cavum concha from the front and back sides of the ear region, thereby increasing the resistance of the open earphone 10 to fall off the ear, thereby improving the stability of the open earphone 10 in the wearing state.
  • the free end FE can be pressed in the cavum concha in the thickness direction X.
  • the free end FE abuts against the cavum concha in the major axis direction Y and the minor axis direction Z.
  • the free end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 can also be projected onto the antihelix, and can also be projected onto the left and right sides of the head and located in front of the ear on the sagittal axis of the human body.
  • the ear hook 12 can support the sound-emitting portion 11 to be worn in the cavum concha, the antihelix, the front of the ear and other wearing positions.
  • FIG. 5 is another exemplary schematic diagram of the external outline of the open-type earphone shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 is another exemplary schematic diagram of the external outline of the open-type earphone shown in FIG. 4
  • FIG. 7 is another exemplary schematic diagram of the external outline of the open-type earphone shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the sound-emitting portion 11 may have a thickness direction X toward the ear when worn.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can be set to a circular, elliptical, rounded square, rounded rectangle and the like when observed along the direction of the coronal axis (i.e., the thickness direction X).
  • the above-mentioned connecting surface can refer to the arc-shaped side of the sound-emitting part 11; and when the sound-emitting part 11 is set to a rounded square, rounded rectangle and the like, the above-mentioned connecting surface can include the lower side LS, upper side US and rear side RS mentioned later. Therefore, for the convenience of description, this embodiment takes the sound-emitting part 11 as a rounded rectangle as an example for illustrative description.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can have an upper side US and a lower side LS set along the short axis direction Z, and a rear side RS connecting the upper side US and the lower side LS, wherein the upper side US is located at one end facing the top of the head along the short axis direction Z in the wearing state, and the rear side RS is located at one end facing the back of the head along the long axis direction Y in the wearing state, and the free end FE is located at the rear side RS.
  • the positive direction of the long axis direction Y may point to the free end FE
  • the positive direction of the short axis direction Z may point to the upper side US
  • the positive direction of the thickness direction X may point to the outer side OS.
  • the housing 111 is provided with a sound outlet hole 111a on the inner side IS facing the ear in the wearing state, and the sound waves generated by the transducer 112 are propagated through the sound outlet hole 111a so as to be transmitted into the external auditory canal 101. It is worth noting that the sound outlet hole 111a may also be provided on the lower side LS of the housing 111, or at the corner between the inner side IS and the lower side LS.
  • the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole can be arranged on different sides of the shell 111.
  • the first pressure relief hole can be arranged on the upper side US of the shell 111
  • the second pressure relief hole can be arranged on the lower side LS of the shell 111.
  • the above arrangement can destroy the standing waves in the rear cavity (i.e., the cavity corresponding to the rear side of the diaphragm), so that the resonance frequency of the sound exported to the outside of the shell 111 by the two pressure relief holes is as high as possible, so that the frequency response of the rear cavity has a wider flat area (for example, the area before the resonance peak), and obtains a better leakage reduction effect in the mid-high frequency range (for example, 2kHz-6kHz).
  • the concha cavity has a certain volume and depth, after the free end FE extends into the concha cavity, there can be a certain distance between the inner side IS of the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity.
  • the sound-emitting part 11 can cooperate with the concha cavity to form a cavity-like structure connected to the external auditory canal in the worn state, and the sound outlet hole on the shell 111 can be at least partially located in the cavity-like structure, and the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole can be located outside the cavity-like structure.
  • the sound waves generated by the diaphragm of the transducer 112 and propagated through the sound outlet hole will be restricted by the aforementioned cavity-like structure, that is, the cavity-like structure can gather the sound waves so that the sound waves can be propagated more into the external auditory canal, thereby increasing the volume and sound quality of the sound heard by the user in the near field, which is conducive to improving the acoustic effect of the open earphone 10.
  • the cavity-like structure can be configured in a semi-open state.
  • the sound waves generated by the transducer 112 and propagated through the sound outlet hole can be propagated to the outside of the open earphone 10 and the ear through the gap between the sound-emitting part 11 and the ear (for example, a part of the concha cavity not covered by the sound-emitting part 11), thereby forming a first sound leakage in the far field;
  • the sound waves propagated through the first pressure relief hole and/or the second pressure relief hole on the shell 111 can form a second sound leakage in the far field, and the phase of the first sound leakage and the phase of the second sound leakage are (close to) opposite to each other, so that the two can cancel each other out in anti-phase in the far field, which is beneficial to reduce the sound leakage of the open earphone 10 in the far field.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary distribution of a cavity structure arranged around one of the dipole sound sources shown in some embodiments of the present specification. As shown in FIG8 , when a cavity structure 41 is arranged between the dipole sound sources, one of the dipole sound sources and the listening position is inside the cavity structure 41, and the other dipole sound source is outside the cavity structure 41.
  • the "cavity structure” can be understood as a semi-enclosed structure surrounded by the side wall of the sound-emitting part 11 and the concha cavity structure, and the semi-enclosed structure is not completely sealed and isolated from the external environment, but has a leakage structure 42 (for example, an opening, a gap, a pipe, etc.) that is acoustically connected to the external environment.
  • a leakage structure 42 for example, an opening, a gap, a pipe, etc.
  • Exemplary leakage structures may include but are not limited to openings, gaps, pipes, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the cavity structure 41 may include a listening position and at least one sound source.
  • “include” may mean that at least one of the listening position and the sound source is inside the cavity, or at least one of the listening position and the sound source is at the edge of the cavity.
  • the listening position may be the entrance of the ear canal, or may be the acoustic reference point of the ear.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the listening principle of a dipole sound source structure and a cavity structure built around one of the dipole sound sources according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the sound leakage principle of a dipole sound source structure and a cavity structure built around one of the dipole sound sources according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • a dipole with a cavity structure is constructed around one of the sound sources. Since one of the sound sources A is wrapped by the cavity structure, most of the sound radiated by it will reach the listening position by direct radiation or reflection. In contrast, in the absence of a cavity structure, most of the sound radiated by the sound source will not reach the listening position. Therefore, the setting of the cavity structure significantly increases the volume of the sound reaching the listening position. At the same time, only a small part of the anti-phase sound radiated by the anti-phase sound source B outside the cavity structure will enter the cavity structure through the leakage structure of the cavity structure.
  • the sound generated by the secondary sound source B’ has a weak destructive effect on the sound source A in the cavity, which significantly increases the listening volume at the listening position.
  • the sound source A radiates sound to the outside through the leakage structure of the cavity, which is equivalent to generating a secondary sound source A' at the leakage structure. Since almost all the sound radiated by the sound source A is output from the leakage structure and the structural scale of the cavity is far It is smaller than the spatial scale for evaluating sound leakage (at least one order of magnitude different), so it can be considered that the intensity of the secondary sound source A' is equivalent to that of the sound source A.
  • the cancellation effect of the sound generated by the secondary sound source A' and the sound source B in the far field is equivalent to the cancellation effect of the sound generated by the sound source A and the sound source B in the far field. That is, under this cavity structure, a considerable sound leakage reduction effect is still maintained.
  • the leakage structure of the above-mentioned one opening is only an example, and the leakage structure of the cavity structure may include one or more openings, which can also achieve a better listening index, wherein the listening index may refer to the inverse of the leakage index ⁇ , 1/ ⁇ .
  • the listening index may refer to the inverse of the leakage index ⁇ , 1/ ⁇ .
  • Equal openings are equivalent to doubling the relative opening size of only one hole (i.e., the ratio of the opening area S of the leakage structure on the cavity structure to the area S0 directly affected by the contained sound source in the cavity structure). As mentioned above, its overall listening index will decrease. In the case of equal opening ratio, even if S/S0 is the same as the structure with only one hole, the distances from the two openings to the external sound source are different, which will also result in different listening indexes.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary internal structure of a sound-emitting part according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the transducer 112 may include a diaphragm 1121.
  • a first acoustic cavity may be formed between the diaphragm 1121 and the shell 111, and a sound outlet hole 111a may be provided on the shell 111 to surround an area forming the first acoustic cavity, and the first acoustic cavity may be connected to the outside of the shell 111 through the sound outlet hole 111a.
  • the first acoustic cavity may be located on the front side of the diaphragm 1121, that is, the first acoustic cavity may serve as a front cavity 114.
  • a bracket 115 may be provided in the cavity of the housing 111, and a second acoustic cavity may be formed between the bracket 115 and the transducer 112 (the second acoustic cavity may serve as the rear cavity 116), and the second acoustic cavity is separated from other structures in the housing 111 (e.g., the main control circuit board, etc.), which is conducive to improving the acoustic output of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the acoustic cavity formed between the bracket 115 and the transducer 112 may serve as the second acoustic cavity together with the acoustic cavity inside the transducer 112.
  • the second acoustic cavity may be located at the rear side of the diaphragm 1121.
  • the shell 111 may be provided with acoustic holes (for example, the first pressure relief hole 111c and/or the second pressure relief hole 111d), and the bracket 115 may be provided with an acoustic channel 1151 connecting the acoustic holes and the rear cavity 116, so that the rear cavity 116 is connected to the external environment, that is, the air can freely enter and exit the rear cavity 116, thereby helping to reduce the resistance of the diaphragm 1121 of the transducer 112 during low-frequency and large-amplitude vibrations, thereby improving the low-frequency output capability of the transducer.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of the inner shell of the sound-emitting part 11 of the open-type earphone according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the inner shell 1111 may include a bottom wall 1113 and a first side wall 1114 connected to the bottom wall 1113.
  • the connection end CE points to the free end FE for example, the opposite direction of the arrow Y in FIG. 11 and FIG.
  • the portion of the first side wall 1114 close to the free end FE gradually approaches the bottom wall 1113 in the thickness direction X, so that the split mold surface 111b is inclined toward the side where the inner shell 1111 is located in the direction close to the free end FE.
  • the sound outlet 111a may be provided on the bottom wall 1113. In some embodiments, the sound outlet 111a may also be provided on the side of the first side wall 1114 corresponding to the lower side surface LS, and may also be provided at the corner between the first side wall 1114 and the bottom wall 1113. In the direction of arrow Z in FIG.
  • the first pressure relief hole 111 c is disposed on the first side wall 1114 corresponding to the upper side US of the shell 111
  • the second pressure relief hole 111 d is disposed on the first side wall 1114 corresponding to the lower side LS of the shell 111 .
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c has a first center
  • the second pressure relief hole 111d has a second center
  • the sound outlet hole 111a has a third center.
  • the second center can be farther away from the third center than the first center.
  • the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a can be located on or near the mid-vertical plane of the line connecting the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d, so as to maximize the distance between the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d and the sound outlet hole 111a.
  • each side wall of the shell 111 has a certain thickness, and therefore, the acoustic holes are holes with a certain depth. At this time, each acoustic hole has an inner opening and an outer opening.
  • the center of the sound outlet hole mentioned above and below may refer to the centroid of the outer opening of the sound hole
  • the center of the first pressure relief hole mentioned above and below may refer to the centroid of the outer opening of the first pressure relief hole
  • the center of the second pressure relief hole mentioned above and below may refer to the centroid of the outer opening of the second pressure relief hole.
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may be staggered in the Y direction so that the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d are not blocked by the tragus. In some embodiments, the first pressure relief hole 111c may be farther away from the connection end CE than the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a may be located on the mid-vertical plane of the line connecting the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d, so that each pressure relief hole is as far away from the sound outlet hole as possible.
  • the sound outlet hole 111a may be located on the side of the shell 111 close to the second pressure relief hole 111d in the Z direction instead of the middle position, as shown in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 13A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary position of a sound outlet according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG. 13B is a frequency response curve corresponding to sound outlets at different positions according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • each curve shown in FIG. 13B is a simulation curve.
  • the center of the inner side IS i.e., the inner side IS in the Y direction
  • the center of the inner side IS is the center of the inner side IS.
  • a coordinate system is established with the positive direction of the Px1 axis and the midpoint of the Z direction) as the origin, the positive direction of the Z direction as the positive direction of the Px1 axis, and the positive direction of the Y direction as the positive direction of the Py1 axis.
  • the position of the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a on the inner side surface IS can be expressed as (Px1, Py1) in mm.
  • (0, -4) means that in the positive direction of the Px1 axis, the distance between the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a and the center of the inner side surface IS is 0 mm, and in the reverse direction of the Py1 axis, the distance between the third center and the center of the inner side surface IS is 4 mm.
  • the distance between the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a and the lower side surface LS (or upper side surface US) and the free end FE (or connecting end CE) of the sound-emitting portion 11 can be determined.
  • the distance between the third center and the lower side surface LS (or upper side surface US) may refer to the farthest distance between the third center and the lower side surface LS (or upper side surface US) in the Px1 axis direction;
  • the distance between the third center and the free end FE (or connecting end CE) may refer to the farthest distance between the third center and the free end FE (or connecting end CE) in the Py1 axis direction.
  • FIG13B shows the frequency response curve simulated at 15 mm in front of the sound hole 111a (i.e., in the opposite direction of the X direction) when the sound hole 111a is located at different positions on the inner side surface IS and when other structures (e.g., the first pressure relief hole 111c, the second pressure relief hole 111d, etc.) are fixed (e.g., the first pressure relief hole 111c is at the center of the upper side surface US, and the second pressure relief hole 111d is located on the lower side surface LS close to the connection end CE (e.g., in the long axis direction Y of the sound-emitting part 11, the distance between the second pressure relief hole 111d and the connection end CE is not greater than 1/3 of the total length of the sound-emitting part 11)).
  • other structures e.g., the first pressure relief hole 111c, the second pressure relief hole 111d, etc.
  • the frequency response curve of the sound-emitting part 11 has a first resonance peak in the range of 4kHz-6kHz and a second resonance peak at about 4.5kHz.
  • the first resonance peak is generated by the resonance of the front cavity 114
  • the second resonance peak is generated by the resonance of the rear cavity 116.
  • the sound outlet hole 111a can be located on the side of the center of the inner side surface IS away from the positive direction of the Py1 axis.
  • the sound outlet hole 111a can be closer to the free end FE of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the distance between the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a and the rear side surface RS (or free end FE) can be in the range of 8mm-12mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a and the rear side surface RS (free end FE) can be in the range of 9mm-11mm.
  • the distance between the third center of the sound hole 111a and the rear side surface RS (free end FE) can be in the range of 10mm-11mm.
  • the rear side surface RS of the sound-emitting part 11 can be a curved surface.
  • the distance from a certain position (for example, the third center of the sound hole 112) to the rear side surface RS can refer to the distance from the position to the section of the rear side surface RS that is farthest from the center of the sound-emitting part 11 and parallel to the short axis of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the sound outlet hole 111a can be located on the side of the center of the inner side IS away from the positive direction of the Px1 axis, for example, the sound outlet hole 111a can be closer to the lower side surface LS of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the distance between the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a and the lower side surface LS of the sound-emitting part 11 can be in the range of 3mm-8mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a and the lower side surface LS of the sound-emitting part 11 can be in the range of 4mm-6mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the third center of the sound outlet hole 111a and the lower side surface LS of the sound-emitting part 11 can be in the range of 4.5mm-5.5mm.
  • FIG. 14A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary position of the first pressure relief hole shown in some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG. 14B is a frequency response curve corresponding to the first pressure relief hole at different positions shown in some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the curves shown in FIG. 14B are simulation curves.
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d can be arranged in the area corresponding to the rear cavity 116 on the housing 111.
  • the position of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d in the X direction is related to the size of the rear cavity 116.
  • the distance between the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c (or the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d) and the inner side IS can be in the range of 4mm-8mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the inner side IS can be in the range of 5mm-7mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the inner side IS can be in the range of 5mm-6mm.
  • the positions of the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be considered relatively fixed, and only the different positions of the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d in the Y direction are considered. Accordingly, the positions of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d described in FIGS. 14A and 14B can refer to the different positions of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d along the Y direction.
  • a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the dimension of the upper side surface US in the Y direction as the origin, the opposite direction of the Y direction as the positive direction of the Px2 axis, and the opposite direction of the X direction as the positive direction of the Py2 axis.
  • Py2 of the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be regarded as a fixed value, and only the different positions corresponding to different Px2 are considered.
  • the position of the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c on the upper side surface US can be expressed as (Px2, Py2) in mm.
  • (4, Py2) means that in the positive direction of the Px2 axis, the distance between the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the origin is 4 mm.
  • the distance between the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the free end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 can be determined.
  • FIG14B shows the frequency response curve simulated at 15 mm in front of the sound hole 111a (i.e., in the opposite direction of the X direction) when the first pressure relief hole 111c is located at different positions on the upper side US and when other structures (e.g., the sound outlet hole 111a, the second pressure relief hole 111d, etc.) are fixed (e.g., the sound outlet hole 111a is located at the center of the inner side IS, and the second pressure relief hole 111d is located on the lower side LS near the connection end CE).
  • other structures e.g., the sound outlet hole 111a, the second pressure relief hole 111d, etc.
  • the frequency response curve of the sound-emitting part 11 has a first resonance peak at about 4.5 kHz (as shown by the dotted circle A in FIG14B ) and a second resonance peak at about 5.5 kHz (as shown by the dotted circle B in FIG14B ).
  • the first resonance peak is generated by the resonance of the rear cavity 116
  • the second resonance peak is generated by the resonance of the front cavity 114.
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c When the Px2 of the first pressure relief hole 111c gradually increases from -3.2mm to 3.2mm (that is, the first pressure relief hole 111c moves in the opposite direction of the Y direction), the first resonance peak of the frequency response curve of the sound-emitting part 11 moves slightly from low frequency to high frequency. Since the position of the sound outlet hole 111a remains unchanged, the vibration characteristics of the front cavity 114 remain basically unchanged, and the second resonance peak does not change much. Therefore, in order to make the frequency of the first resonance peak as high as possible, the first pressure relief hole 111c can be located on the side of the center of the upper side surface US facing the positive direction of Px2.
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c can be located at the midpoint of the size of the upper side surface US in the Y direction or closer to the free end FE of the sound-emitting part 11, so that the sound-emitting part 11 can have a smooth frequency response curve in a wider frequency range, thereby improving the overall output effect of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, in the range of 100Hz-10000Hz).
  • the distance between the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the rear side surface RS (free end FE) can be in the range of 11mm-15mm.
  • the distance between the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the rear side surface RS (free end FE) may be in the range of 12mm-14mm.
  • the distance between the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the rear side surface RS (free end FE) may be in the range of 13mm-14mm.
  • Fig. 15A is a schematic diagram of an exemplary position of a second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • Fig. 15B is a frequency response curve corresponding to the second pressure relief holes at different positions according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • each curve shown in Fig. 15B is a simulation curve.
  • a coordinate system is established with the midpoint of the dimension of the lower side surface LS in the Y direction as the origin, the opposite direction of the Y direction as the positive direction of the Px3 axis, and the opposite direction of the X direction as the positive direction of the Py3 axis.
  • Py3 of the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be regarded as a fixed value, and only the different positions corresponding to different Px3 are considered.
  • the position of the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d on the lower side surface LS can be expressed as (Px3, Py3) in mm.
  • (-2, Py2) means that in the negative direction of the Px3 axis, the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d is 2mm away from the origin.
  • the distance between the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d and the free end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 can be determined.
  • FIG15B shows the frequency response curve simulated at 15 mm in front of the sound outlet hole 111a (i.e., in the opposite direction of the X direction) when the second pressure relief hole 111d is located at different positions on the lower side surface LS and when other structures (e.g., the sound outlet hole 111a, the first pressure relief hole 111c, etc.) are fixed (e.g., the sound outlet hole 111a is located at the center of the inner side surface IS, and the first pressure relief hole 111c is located at the center of the upper side surface US).
  • other structures e.g., the sound outlet hole 111a, the first pressure relief hole 111c, etc.
  • the frequency response curve of the sound-emitting part 11 has a first resonance peak at about 4.5 kHz (as shown by the dotted circle C in FIG15B ) and a second resonance peak at about 5.5 kHz (as shown by the dotted circle D in FIG15B ).
  • the Px3 of the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d gradually increases from -4.5mm to -1mm (that is, the second pressure relief hole 111d moves in the opposite direction of the Y direction)
  • the first resonance peak of the frequency response curve of the sound-emitting part 11 moves slightly from low frequency to high frequency, and the second peak value does not change much.
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c can be farther away from the connection end CE than the second pressure relief hole 111d. That is, compared with the first pressure relief hole 111c, the second pressure relief hole 111d can be farther away from the free end FE.
  • the overall output effect of the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, within the range of 100Hz-10000Hz) can be guaranteed on the basis of satisfying the structural design.
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c can be located at the midpoint of the dimension of the upper side surface US in the Y direction or at a position closer to the connection end CE of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the distance between the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d and the rear side surface RS (free end FE) can be within the range of 15mm-18mm.
  • the distance between the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d and the rear side surface RS (free end FE) can be within the range of 16mm-17.5mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d and the rear side surface RS (free end FE) can be within the range of 16mm-17mm.
  • the front cavity 114 and the sound outlet hole 111a can be approximately regarded as a Helmholtz resonance cavity model.
  • the front cavity 114 can be a Helmholtz resonance cavity model.
  • the sound outlet 111a is the neck of the Helmholtz resonant cavity model.
  • the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonant cavity model is the resonant frequency f 1 of the front cavity 114 .
  • the size of the neck e.g., the sound outlet 111a
  • the resonant frequency f of the cavity e.g., the front cavity 114.
  • c represents the speed of sound
  • S represents the opening area (or cross-sectional area) of the neck (e.g., the sound outlet hole 111a)
  • V represents the volume of the cavity (e.g., the front cavity 114)
  • L represents the depth of the neck (e.g., the sound outlet hole 111a).
  • the opening area of the sound outlet hole 111a can be S 1
  • the volume of the front cavity 114 can be V 1
  • the depth of the sound outlet hole 111a can be L 1 .
  • each side wall of the shell 111 has a certain thickness, and therefore, the acoustic holes are holes with a certain depth.
  • each acoustic hole has an inner opening and an outer opening.
  • the opening area of the sound outlet hole can refer to the area of the inner opening of the sound hole
  • the area of the pressure relief hole can refer to the area of the inner opening of the pressure relief hole.
  • the frequency response curve of the sound-emitting part 11 needs to have a wider flat area, so the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 can be set higher to increase the range of the flat area of the frequency response curve of the front cavity 114.
  • the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 can be in the range of 1kHz-10kHz. In some embodiments, the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 can be in the range of 4kHz-7kHz. In some embodiments, the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 can be above 6kHz.
  • the air in the front cavity 114 is compressed or expanded as the diaphragm 1121 vibrates.
  • the compressed or expanded air can drive the air column at the sound outlet to move back and forth, thereby causing the air column to radiate sound outward.
  • the air column in the sound outlet 111a has mass, and the mass can correspond to the sound mass of the sound outlet 111a.
  • the sound mass can be used as part of the acoustic impedance, thereby affecting the acoustic output of the sound-emitting part 11. Therefore, the size of the sound outlet 111a will also affect the sound mass Ma of the sound outlet 111a.
  • formula (2) The specific relationship is shown in formula (2):
  • ⁇ represents the air density
  • FIG16 is a frequency response curve diagram of the sound-emitting part 11 corresponding to the sound outlet holes of different cross-sectional areas shown in some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the cross-sectional area S of the sound outlet hole 111a increases from 2.875 mm2 to 46 mm2
  • the sound mass Ma of the sound outlet hole 111a decreases from 800 kg/ m4 to 50 kg/ m4
  • the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 gradually increases from about 4 kHz to about 8 kHz.
  • the parameters such as 200 kg/ m4 and 800 kg/ m4 shown in FIG16 only represent the theoretical sound mass of the sound outlet hole 111a, and there may be errors with the actual sound mass of the sound outlet hole 111a.
  • the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a needs to be within a suitable value range.
  • the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a may be in the range of 2.875mm2-46mm2 .
  • the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a may be in the range of 8mm2-30mm2 .
  • the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a may be in the range of 10mm2-26mm2 .
  • the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a may be in the range of 11mm2-15mm2 (for example, 11.49mm2 ).
  • the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a may be 25 mm 2 -26 mm 2 (eg, 25.29 mm 2 ).
  • Fig. 17 is a frequency response curve of the front cavity 114 corresponding to the sound holes of different depths according to some embodiments of the present specification. As shown in Fig. 17, when the depth L1 of the sound hole 111a increases from 0.3 mm to 3 mm, the acoustic mass Ma of the sound hole 111a increases from 100 kg/ m4 to 1000 kg/ m4 , and the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 decreases from about 7 kHz to about 3.7 kHz.
  • the value range of the depth L1 of the sound hole 111a can be 0.3mm-3mm. In some embodiments, the value range of the depth L1 of the sound hole 111a can be 0.3mm-2mm. In some embodiments, the value of the depth L1 of the sound hole 111a can be 0.3mm-1mm.
  • the cross-sectional area S 1 of the sound outlet hole 111a ranges from 2.875 mm 2 to 46 mm 2
  • the depth L 1 of the sound outlet hole 111a ranges from 0.3 mm to 3 mm.
  • the corresponding ratio S 1 /L 1 2 of the cross-sectional area S 1 of the sound outlet hole 111a to the square of the depth L 1 can range from 0.31 to 512.2.
  • the ratio S 1 /L 1 2 of the cross-sectional area S 1 of the sound outlet hole 111a to the square of the depth L 1 can range from 1 to 400.
  • the ratio S 1 /L 1 2 of the cross-sectional area S 1 of the sound outlet hole 111a to the square of the depth L 1 can range from 0.31 to 512.2.
  • the value range of S1 / L12 may be 3-300.
  • the value range of the ratio S1 / L12 of the cross-sectional area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a to the square of the depth L1 may be 5-200.
  • the value range of the ratio S1 / L12 of the cross-sectional area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a to the square of the depth L1 may be 10-50 .
  • the shape of the sound outlet hole 111a will also affect the acoustic resistance of the sound outlet hole 111a. For example, the narrower and longer the sound outlet hole 111a is, the greater the acoustic resistance of the sound outlet hole 111a is, which is not conducive to the acoustic output of the front cavity 114.
  • the ratio of the major axis dimension of the sound outlet hole 111a i.e., the length Lf of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a
  • the minor axis dimension i.e., the width Wf of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a
  • the shape of the sound outlet hole 111a may include but is not limited to a circle, an ellipse, a runway shape, etc.
  • the sound outlet hole 111a may be in a runway shape (as shown in FIG. 12), wherein the two ends of the runway shape may be inferior arcs or semicircles.
  • the long axis dimension of the sound hole 111a may be the maximum dimension of the sound hole 111a in the Y direction
  • the short axis dimension of the sound hole 111a may be the maximum dimension of the sound hole 111a in the Z direction.
  • FIG. 18 is a frequency response curve corresponding to different aspect ratios of the sound outlet hole according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Each curve shown in FIG. 18 is a simulation curve. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG.
  • the sound pressure of the frequency response curve of the front cavity 114 in the low frequency and mid-high frequency (e.g., 100 Hz to 3.5 kHz) range gradually decreases (e.g., the sound pressure at 3 kHz when the aspect ratio of the sound outlet hole is 10 is 2.3 dB lower than the sound pressure at 3 kHz when the aspect ratio of the sound outlet hole is 1), and its resonant frequency at high frequency gradually moves toward high frequency, and the amplitude of the resonance peak gradually decreases.
  • the ratio between the length Lf and the width Wf of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a may be in the range of 1-10. In some embodiments, the ratio between the length Lf and the width Wf of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a may be 2-7. In some embodiments, the ratio between the length Lf and the width Wf of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a may be 2-3. In some embodiments, the ratio between the length Lf and the width Wf of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a may be 2.
  • FIG19 is a frequency response curve corresponding to sound outlet holes of different lengths shown in some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the ratio between the length Lf and the width Wf of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a is set to 2, and the shape of the sound outlet hole 111a is a runway shape.
  • the corresponding opening area S1 can be determined by the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a.
  • the frequency response curve of the sound-emitting part 11 has a first resonance peak at about 4.5kHz and a second resonance peak that varies in the range of 3.5kHz-10kHz.
  • the first resonance peak corresponds to the resonance peak generated by the rear cavity 116
  • the second resonance peak corresponds to the resonance peak generated by the front cavity 114.
  • the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a gradually increases from 3mm to 11mm (the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a also increases accordingly)
  • the second resonance peak of the frequency response curve gradually moves to the high frequency, and the first resonance peak remains basically unchanged.
  • the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a increases to 4mm (the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a increases to 7.1416mm2)
  • the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a continues to increase (the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a increases), and the peak value of the second resonance peak of the frequency response curve decreases.
  • the peak value of the first resonance peak is still around 4.5kHz.
  • the resonance peak moves toward high frequency, which can increase the range of the flat area of the frequency response curve.
  • the resonance peak with a large peak value will also make the high frequency of the open earphone 10 more sufficient, so that the open earphone 10 has better sound quality.
  • the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a in order to make the frequency of the second resonance peak as high as possible, the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a can have a relatively large value, but at the same time, in order not to reduce the high frequency output corresponding to the second resonance peak and considering the structural stability of the sound-emitting part 11, the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a can be no more than 17mm, and the width Wf of the sound outlet hole 111a can be no more than 10mm. In some embodiments, the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a can be 2mm-11mm. In some embodiments, the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a may be 3mm-11mm. In some embodiments, the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a may be 3mm-16mm. In some embodiments, the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a may be 5mm-13mm. In some embodiments, the length Lf of the sound outlet hole 111a may be 6mm-9mm.
  • the width W f of the sound outlet hole 111a can be determined based on the length L f and the ratio between the length L f and the width W f .
  • the ratio between the length L f and the width W f of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a can be 2, and the width W f of the sound outlet hole 111a can be 1.5 mm-5.5 mm.
  • the corresponding area of the runway-shaped sound outlet hole 111a can be 4.02 mm 2 -54 mm 2 .
  • the range of the flat area of the frequency response curve can be increased to improve the sound quality of the open earphone 10 while taking into account the structural design of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the area of the runway-shaped sound outlet hole 111a is about 11.5 mm 2
  • the length L f of the sound outlet hole 111a can be determined to be 5 mm-6 mm
  • the width W f of the sound outlet hole 111a can be determined to be 2.5 mm-3 mm.
  • the open earphone 10 can have a flat frequency response curve and sufficient high-frequency output in a wider frequency range; in addition, the value of the area is relatively small, which is also beneficial to the stability of the structure.
  • FIG20 is a frequency response curve diagram corresponding to the racetrack-shaped sound outlet holes and the circular sound outlet holes of different lengths shown in some embodiments of this specification.
  • the length of the circular sound outlet hole shown in FIG20 may refer to the diameter of the circle. According to FIG20, it can be seen that the change trend of the frequency response curve corresponding to the circular sound outlet hole is similar to the frequency response curve of the racetrack-shaped sound outlet hole. Therefore, in order to increase the range of the flat area of the frequency response curve and considering the structural design of the sound-emitting part 11, the length of the circular sound outlet hole may be 2 mm-17 mm. In some embodiments, the length of the circular sound outlet hole It can be 3mm-16mm. In some embodiments, the length of the circular sound hole can be 5mm-13mm.
  • the length of the circular sound hole can be 6mm-9mm.
  • the frequency response curve corresponding to the circular sound hole moves toward the low frequency, and the sound pressure amplitude corresponding to the circular sound hole is slightly larger than the sound pressure amplitude corresponding to the runway-type sound hole.
  • the shape of the sound hole in order to make the open earphone 10 have a flat frequency response curve in a wider frequency range, can be runway-shaped.
  • the width of the runway-shaped sound hole is narrower than that of the circular sound hole, which is more convenient for the design of the appearance and structure of the sound-emitting part 11.
  • FIG21 is an exemplary structural diagram of a partial structure of a back cavity according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • a second acoustic cavity may be formed between the bracket 115 and the transducer 112 , and the second acoustic cavity may serve as the back cavity 116 .
  • the frequency response curve of the rear cavity 116 needs to have a wider flat area, so the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can be set larger.
  • the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can be in the range of 2kHz-8kHz.
  • the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can be in the range of 2kHz-6kHz.
  • the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can be in the range of 3kHz-5kHz.
  • the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can be 4.5kHz.
  • the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can be close to or equal to the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114.
  • the difference between the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 and the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 can be no more than 2kHz.
  • the difference between the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 and the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 may be no greater than 1 kHz.
  • the difference between the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 and the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 may be no greater than 500 Hz. In some embodiments, the difference between the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 and the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 may be no greater than 200 Hz.
  • the combination of the rear cavity 116 and the acoustic holes (e.g., the first pressure relief hole 111c and/or the second pressure relief hole 111d) provided on the aforementioned shell 111 can also be regarded as a Helmholtz resonance cavity model.
  • the rear cavity 116 can be used as the cavity of the Helmholtz resonance cavity model, and the acoustic holes can be used as the neck of the Helmholtz resonance cavity model.
  • the resonant frequency of the Helmholtz resonance cavity model is the resonant frequency f 2 of the rear cavity 116, the opening area of the acoustic hole can be S 2 , the volume of the rear cavity can be V 2 , and the depth of the acoustic hole can be L 2.
  • S 2 can be related to the opening areas of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d, and L 2 can be related to the depths of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the volume of the rear cavity 116 will also affect the acoustic capacitance Ca of the rear cavity 116. Changes in the acoustic capacitance Ca of the rear cavity 116 will cause changes in the capacitive reactance characteristics of the rear cavity 116, thereby affecting the vibration characteristics of the rear cavity 116.
  • the specific relationship between the volume of the rear cavity 116 and the acoustic capacitance Ca of the rear cavity 116 is shown in formula (3):
  • ⁇ represents the air density
  • c represents the speed of sound
  • V represents the volume of the rear cavity 116 .
  • the cross section of the back cavity 116 may be composed of two vertical sides and a curved side, and the two endpoints of the curved side are connected, and the cross section (for example, cross section ABC) may be approximately regarded as a triangle.
  • the hypotenuse AC is formed by the line connecting the two endpoints formed by the curved surface formed on the bracket 115 and the two straight sides
  • the two straight sides AB and BC are formed by the basin 1123 of the transducer 112, wherein there is an angle ⁇ between the hypotenuse AC and the straight side BC.
  • the length of the straight side BC can be regarded as unchanged, and the size of the angle ⁇ can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the straight side AB, thereby changing the area of the triangle ABC to adjust the volume of the back cavity 116.
  • the length of the straight side BC is not less than 0.67 mm.
  • the length of the straight side BC may be not less than 0.7 mm.
  • the value of the angle ⁇ has a range limit
  • the value of the volume V of the back cavity 116 also has a range limit.
  • FIG22 is a frequency response curve of the rear cavity corresponding to different sizes of angles ⁇ shown in some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the volume V of the rear cavity 116 is reduced, and the corresponding acoustic capacitance C a of the rear cavity 116 is reduced from 7 ⁇ 10-12 m 3 /Pa to 2.88 ⁇ 10-12 m 3 /Pa, but the resonant frequency f 2 of the rear cavity 116 increases from about 4.5kHz to about 6kHz.
  • the volume V of the rear cavity 116 is increased, and the corresponding acoustic capacitance C a of the rear cavity 116 is increased from 7 ⁇ 10-12 m 3 /Pa to 15 ⁇ 10-12 m 3 /Pa, but the resonant frequency f 2 of the rear cavity 116 is reduced from about 4.5kHz to about 3kHz.
  • the parameters such as 7 ⁇ 10 -12 m 3 /Pa and 15 ⁇ 10 -12 m 3 /Pa shown in FIG.
  • the angle ⁇ in the rear cavity 116 may range from 45° to 80°. In some embodiments, The angle ⁇ in the rear cavity 116 may be in the range of 60° to 70°. In some embodiments, the angle ⁇ in the rear cavity 116 may be in the range of 67° to 68°.
  • the third center of the sound outlet 111a is located on or near the mid-vertical plane of the line connecting the first center of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second center of the second pressure relief hole 111d, and the sound outlet 111a is located on the side of the shell 111 close to the second pressure relief hole 111d in the Z direction rather than in the middle. Since the sound outlet 111a is arranged close to the external auditory canal, the second pressure relief hole 111d is closer to the external auditory canal, and the first pressure relief hole 111c is farther from the external auditory canal.
  • the sound waves transmitted from the second pressure relief hole 111d are more likely to cancel out the sound waves transmitted from the sound outlet 111a in the near field. Therefore, the sound pressure amplitude at the second pressure relief hole 111d can be smaller than the sound pressure amplitude at the first pressure relief hole 111c, thereby increasing the listening volume at the ear canal.
  • the acoustic resistance of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be larger.
  • the size of the second pressure relief hole 111d may be smaller than that of the first pressure relief hole 111c, so that the acoustic resistance of the second pressure relief hole 111d may have a relatively large acoustic resistance.
  • the area of the first pressure relief hole 111c may be larger than that of the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • FIG23A is a schematic diagram of acoustic impedance change corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole shown in some embodiments of this specification
  • FIG23B is a schematic diagram of acoustic mass change corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole shown in some embodiments of this specification
  • FIG23C is a schematic diagram of radiation acoustic impedance change corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole shown in some embodiments of this specification
  • FIG23D is a schematic diagram of radiation acoustic mass change corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole shown in some embodiments of this specification
  • FIG24A-FIG24E are frequency response curves of the back cavity corresponding to different area ratios of the first pressure relief hole and the second pressure relief hole shown in some embodiments of this specification.
  • FIG23A-FIG23D also change with frequency, so the values shown in FIG23A-FIG23D are all acoustic impedance, acoustic mass, radiation acoustic impedance and radiation acoustic mass at 1kHz.
  • the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d changes, but the total area of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d remains unchanged.
  • the radiation acoustic resistance can refer to the impedance generated by the sound source (for example, the first pressure relief hole 111c and/or the second pressure relief hole 111d) due to the outward radiation of sound, which can be used to describe the radiation characteristics of the sound source.
  • the radiation acoustic resistance can include radiation resistance and radiation reactance, wherein the radiation resistance adds the damping effect and energy consumption when the sound source radiates sound, and the radiation reactance can be equivalent to adding a radiation mass to the surface mass of the sound source, that is, the radiation sound mass.
  • the larger the radiation acoustic resistance and/or the radiation sound mass the greater the resistance and/or energy consumed by the sound source when radiating sound.
  • the radiation acoustic resistance and the radiation sound mass can be shown as formula (5) and formula (6):
  • Z represents the radiation acoustic resistance
  • ⁇ represents the air density
  • c represents the speed of sound
  • S represents the area corresponding to the sound source (for example, the area of the first pressure relief hole 111c and/or the second pressure relief hole 111d)
  • M represents the radiation acoustic mass.
  • the radiation acoustic resistance and the radiation acoustic mass may be correlated with the area corresponding to the sound source (for example, negatively correlated).
  • the total acoustic resistance of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d i.e., the sum of the acoustic resistance of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the acoustic resistance of the second pressure relief hole 111d1
  • the total acoustic mass, the total radiated acoustic resistance, and the total radiated acoustic mass all gradually increase.
  • the total acoustic resistance when the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d is 5 is much greater than the total acoustic resistance when the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d is 2.
  • the frequency response curve at the second pressure relief hole 111d gradually moves downward as a whole and is located below the frequency response curve at the first pressure relief hole 111c, and the distance between the two curves gradually increases, that is, the difference between the sound pressure amplitude of the second pressure relief hole 111d and the sound pressure amplitude of the first pressure relief hole 111c gradually increases with the increase of the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the difference range between the sound pressure amplitude of the second pressure relief hole 111d and the sound pressure amplitude of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be adjusted by adjusting the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the area of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be set to be larger than the area of the second pressure relief hole 111d, so that the acoustic resistance at the second pressure relief hole 111d is larger than the acoustic resistance at the first pressure relief hole 111c, and the sound pressure amplitude at the second pressure relief hole 111d is smaller than the sound pressure amplitude at the first pressure relief hole 111c, thereby reducing the sound leakage of the second pressure relief hole 111d and increasing the listening volume at the ear canal.
  • the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole 111d may be too small, thereby affecting the sound leakage reduction effect of the far field of the sound wave propagated from the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the difference in acoustic resistance between the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d is too large, it may not be conducive to destroying the standing wave in the back cavity, thereby not being conducive to increasing the resonant frequency of the sound exported from the two pressure relief holes to the outside of the shell 111.
  • the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d should not be too large.
  • the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d may be less than 5.
  • the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 1-4.
  • the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 1-3.
  • the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 1.2-1.9. In some embodiments, the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 1.4-1.7.
  • the area of the first pressure relief hole 111c may also be equal to the area of the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the free end FE of the sound-emitting part 11 may not extend into the concha cavity.
  • the area ratio of the first pressure relief hole 111c to the second pressure relief hole 111d of the sound-emitting part 11 may be 1.
  • the shape of the pressure relief hole (for example, the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d) will also affect the sound quality of the pressure relief hole.
  • the acoustic resistance of the narrow and long pressure relief hole is also large, which is not conducive to the acoustic output of the rear cavity 116. Therefore, the ratio of the major axis dimension to the minor axis dimension of the pressure relief hole needs to be within a preset appropriate value range.
  • the shapes of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may include but are not limited to circular, elliptical, runway-shaped, etc.
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may adopt a runway shape (as shown in Figure 12), wherein the two ends of the runway shape may be inferior arcs or semicircular.
  • the major axis size of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d i.e., the length of each corresponding cross section
  • the minor axis size of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d i.e., the width of each corresponding cross section
  • the Z direction the major axis size of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d
  • the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d are connected to the rear cavity 116.
  • the width of the pressure relief hole should not be too large.
  • the width Wm of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be in the range of 1mm-3mm
  • the width Wn of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 1mm-3mm.
  • FIG25 is a frequency response curve diagram of different length values of the first pressure relief hole shown in some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the length Lm of the first pressure relief hole 111c is 0mm, it means that the first pressure relief hole 111c is blocked, and the frequency of the first resonance peak (as shown by the dotted circle G in FIG25) of the frequency response curve corresponding to the sound-emitting part 11 is about 3kHz, the flat area of the frequency response curve is small, and the amplitude corresponding to the flat area (for example, 300Hz-2500Hz) is small, and the second resonance peak (as shown by the dotted circle H in FIG25) is around 5.5kHz.
  • the first resonance peak is generated by the resonance of the rear cavity 116
  • the second resonance peak is generated by the resonance of the front cavity 114.
  • the first resonance peak gradually moves to high frequency, for example, gradually increases from about 3.8kHz to about 4.7kHz, and the position of the second resonance peak remains basically unchanged.
  • the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can have a larger value, so that the frequency response curve has a larger range of flat areas, and the output performance of the open earphone 10 is improved.
  • the length Lm of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be greater than 4mm. Because when the length Lm of the first pressure relief hole 111c increases to 8mm, the resonant frequency of the frequency response curve changes slowly toward high frequency, and the change is not obvious. In some embodiments, in order to improve the stability of the shell 111 and the waterproofness and dustproofness of the first pressure relief hole, the length Lm of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be less than 8mm.
  • the length Lm of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be in the range of 4mm-8mm. In some embodiments, the length Lm of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be in the range of 5mm-7mm. In some embodiments, the length Lm of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be in the range of 5mm-6mm. In some embodiments, by making the resonance frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 (i.e., the frequency corresponding to the first resonance peak in FIG25) have a larger value, the resonance frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can also be made close to the resonance frequency f1 of the front cavity (i.e., the frequency corresponding to the second resonance peak in FIG25).
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be determined, so that the frequency response curve corresponding to the rear cavity 116 has a relatively large flat area, thereby improving the sound output performance of the open earphone 10.
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be in the range of 1.3-8.
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be in the range of 2-7.
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be in the range of 3-6.
  • the opening area range of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be determined. In some embodiments, the opening area range of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be 3.7 mm 2 -23 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the opening area range of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be 4 mm 2 -22 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the opening area range of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be 10 mm 2 -20 mm 2 .
  • FIG26 is a frequency response curve diagram of different length values of the second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the length Ln of the second pressure relief hole 111d is 0 mm, it means that the second pressure relief hole 111d is blocked, and the first resonance peak (as shown by the dotted circle I in FIG26) of the frequency response curve corresponding to the sounding part 11 is around 2.4 kHz, the flat area of the frequency response curve is small, and the amplitude corresponding to the flat area (for example, 300 Hz-2500 Hz) is small, and the second resonance peak (as shown by the dotted circle J in FIG26) is Around 5.5kHz.
  • the first resonance peak is generated by the resonance of the rear cavity 116
  • the second resonance peak is generated by the resonance of the front cavity 114.
  • the length Ln of the second pressure relief hole 111d gradually increases from 3mm to 6mm
  • the first resonance peak gradually moves to high frequency, gradually increasing from about 4.4kHz to about 4.9kHz, and the position of the second resonance peak remains basically unchanged.
  • the length Ln of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be greater than 3mm. Because when the length Ln of the second pressure relief hole 111d increases to 6mm, the resonant frequency of the frequency response curve changes slowly toward high frequency, and the change is not obvious. In some embodiments, in order to improve the stability of the housing 111 and the waterproofness and dustproofness of the second pressure relief hole, the length Ln of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be less than 6mm.
  • the length Ln of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 2mm-6mm. In some embodiments, the length Ln of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 3mm-6mm. In some embodiments, the length Ln of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 4mm-5mm. In some embodiments, by making the resonance frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 (i.e., the frequency corresponding to the first resonance peak in FIG26) have a larger value, the resonance frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can also be made close to the resonance frequency f1 of the front cavity (i.e., the frequency corresponding to the second resonance peak in FIG26).
  • the ratio between the length Ln and the width Wn of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be determined, so that the frequency response curve corresponding to the rear cavity 116 has a relatively large flat area, thereby improving the sound output performance of the open-type earphone 10.
  • the ratio between the length Ln and the width Wn of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 1-6.
  • the ratio between the length Ln and the width Wn of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 2-5.
  • the ratio between the length Ln and the width Wn of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 3-4.
  • the opening area range of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be determined based on the value ranges of the length Ln and the width Wn of the second pressure relief hole 111d. In some embodiments, the opening area range of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be 2.5mm2-17mm2 . In some embodiments, the opening area range of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be 2mm2-16mm2 . In some embodiments, the opening area range of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be 4mm2-14mm2 . In some embodiments, the opening area range of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be 6mm2-10mm2 .
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W x of the first pressure relief hole 111 c may be greater than the ratio between the length L n and the width W n of the second pressure relief hole 111 d.
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111 c is greater than the ratio between the length L n and the width W n of the second pressure relief hole 111 d, which may make the area of the first pressure relief hole 111 c larger than the area of the second pressure relief hole 111 d, thereby making the acoustic resistance of the first pressure relief hole 111 c relatively small.
  • the sound pressure amplitude at the second pressure relief hole 111 d may be smaller than the sound pressure amplitude at the first pressure relief hole 111 c, thereby reducing the sound leakage of the second pressure relief hole 111 d and increasing the listening volume at the ear canal.
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111c may be smaller than the ratio between the length L n and the width W n of the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111c is smaller than the ratio between the length L n and the width W n of the second pressure relief hole 111d, which may make the area of the first pressure relief hole 111c larger than the area of the second pressure relief hole 111d, thereby making the acoustic resistance of the first pressure relief hole 111c relatively small.
  • the sound pressure amplitude at the second pressure relief hole 111d may be smaller than the sound pressure amplitude at the first pressure relief hole 111c, thereby reducing the sound leakage of the second pressure relief hole 111d and increasing the listening volume at the ear canal.
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111c may be equal to the ratio between the length L n and the width W n of the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the free end FE of the sound-emitting portion 11 may not extend into the concha cavity.
  • the ratio between the length L m and the width W m of the first pressure relief hole 111c of the sound-emitting portion 11 may be equal to the ratio between the length L n and the width W n of the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the acoustic impedance of the first pressure relief hole 111c may be equal to the acoustic impedance of the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 may be close to or equal to the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114.
  • the ratio of the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 to the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 is for:
  • the ratio between the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 and the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 can be related to the ratio of the volumes of the front and rear cavities, the ratio of the opening area of the sound outlet hole to the opening area of the acoustic hole, and the ratio of the depth of the sound outlet hole to the depth of the acoustic hole.
  • the range of other parameters can be set based on some of the parameters (for example, the ratio of the opening area of the sound outlet hole to the opening area of the acoustic hole), so that the second sound leakage formed by the acoustic hole can better offset the first sound leakage formed by the sound outlet hole 111a in the far field, thereby improving the output effect of the open-type earphone 10.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the volume ratio of the front and rear cavities, the opening area of the sound outlet, and the opening area of the acoustic hole according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • the range of the ratio between the resonant frequencies of the front and rear cavities may be related to the ratio between the area of the sound outlet hole and the area of the pressure relief hole and the ratio between the volumes of the front and rear cavities.
  • the ratio between the resonant frequencies of the front and rear cavities may be within a target range. For example, referring to FIG.
  • the opening area S 1 of the sound hole 111a may be smaller than the total opening area of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the ratio S 1 /S 2 of the opening area S 1 of the sound hole 111a to the total opening area S 2 of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 0.1-0.99
  • the ratio V 2 /V 1 of the volume V 2 of the rear cavity 116 to the volume V 1 of the front cavity 114 may be in the range of 0.1-10.
  • the ratio f 1 /f 2 of the resonance frequency f 1 of the front cavity 114 to the resonance frequency f 2 of the rear cavity 116 is set in the range of 0.5-2
  • the ratio S 1 /S 2 of the opening area S 1 of the sound outlet hole 111a to the total opening area S 2 of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d can be between 0.2-0.7
  • the ratio V 2 /V 1 of the volume V 2 of the rear cavity 116 to the volume V 1 of the front cavity 114 can be set in the range of 1-7.
  • the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a may be greater than the total opening area of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d.
  • the ratio S1 / S2 between the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole 111a and the total opening area S2 of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 1-10
  • the ratio V2 / V1 of the volume V2 of the rear cavity 116 to the volume V1 of the front cavity 114 may be in the range of 0.1-10, and according to FIG.
  • the corresponding ratio f1 / f2 of the resonant frequency f1 of the front cavity 114 to the resonant frequency f2 of the rear cavity 116 may be in the range of 0.5-10.
  • the ratio S 1 /S 2 of the opening area S 1 of the sound hole 111a to the total opening area S 2 of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d can be between 3-9
  • the ratio V 2 /V 1 of the volume V 2 of the rear cavity 116 to the volume V 1 of the front cavity 114 can be in the range of 2-6
  • the ratio f 1 /f 2 of the resonance frequency f 1 of the front cavity 114 to the resonance frequency f 2 of the rear cavity 116 can be in the range of 1-8.
  • the value range of S 1 /S 2 can be determined based on V 2 /V 1 , or the value range of V 2 /V 1 can be determined based on S 1 /S 2 , so that the resonance frequency f 2 of the rear cavity 116 can be close to or equal to the resonance frequency f 1 of the front cavity 114, thereby making the second sound leakage formed by the acoustic hole and the first sound leakage formed by the sound outlet hole 111a in the far field better offset each other, thereby improving the output effect of the open earphone 10.
  • the volume V 2 of the rear cavity 116 can be relatively small, for example, V 2 /V 1 can be less than 1.
  • the resonance frequency f 2 of the rear cavity 116 can be close to or equal to the resonance frequency f 1 of the front cavity 114 (for example, the value of f 1 /f 2 is about 1), the value range of S 1 /S 2 can be 1-2.5.
  • the volume V1 of the front cavity 114 may be in the range of 190 mm3-220 mm3 ; the volume V2 of the rear cavity 116 may be in the range of 60 mm3-80 mm3 . Accordingly, in some embodiments, the value of V2 / V1 may be in the range of 0.2-0.4. In some embodiments, the value of V2 / V1 may be in the range of 0.25-0.45.
  • the range of the ratio S 1 /S 2 between the opening area S 1 of the sound outlet hole 111a and the total opening area S 2 of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d can be adjusted, so that the open earphone has a better output effect.
  • the length L f of the sound outlet hole 111a can be 3mm-11mm
  • the ratio between the length L f and the width W f of the cross section of the sound outlet hole 111a is 2
  • the corresponding area of the runway-shaped sound outlet hole 111a can be 4.02mm 2 -54mm 2 .
  • the length L m of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be 6mm, the width W m can be 1.5mm, and the corresponding area of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be 8.51mm 2 , the length L n of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be 3mm, the width W n can be 1.5mm, and the corresponding area of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be 4.02mm 2 . Therefore, the ratio S 1 /S 2 between the opening area S 1 of the sound outlet hole a and the total opening area S 2 of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d can be 0.32-4.31.
  • the length L m of the first pressure relief hole 111c can be 2mm-8mm, the width W m can be 1.5mm, and the area of the first pressure relief hole 111c is 2.517mm 2 -11.5171mm 2 ;
  • the length L n of the second pressure relief hole 111d can be 3mm-6mm, the width W n can be 1.5mm, and the area of the second pressure relief hole 111d is 4.017mm 2 -8.5171mm 2.
  • the length L f of the sound outlet hole 111a can be 5mm, the width W f can be 2.5mm, and the corresponding area S 1 is 11.16mm2. Therefore, the ratio of the opening area S1 of the sound outlet hole a to the total opening area S2 of the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d is 0.56-1.71.
  • FIG28 is a frequency response curve corresponding to different volumes at the sound outlet according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG29 is a frequency response curve corresponding to different volumes at the first pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG30 is a frequency response curve corresponding to different volumes at the second pressure relief hole according to some embodiments of the present specification.
  • the sound pressure at the sound outlet 111a, the sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole 111c, and the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole 111d refer to the sound pressure at a distance of 4 mm from the sound outlet 111a, the sound pressure at a distance of 4 mm from the first pressure relief hole 111c, and the sound pressure at a distance of 4 mm from the second pressure relief hole 111d, respectively.
  • no other holes are blocked. For example, when measuring the sound pressure at the sound hole 111a, the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d are not blocked or blocked.
  • the sound waves emitted by the pressure relief hole (the first pressure relief hole 111c or the second pressure relief hole 111d) and the sound leakage generated by the sound outlet hole 111a can be canceled in the far field, which is beneficial to reduce the far-field sound leakage, and the sound waves emitted by the pressure relief hole have little effect on the near-field listening. Therefore, in some embodiments, the sound pressure amplitude at the pressure relief hole (the first pressure relief hole 111c or the second pressure relief hole 111d) can be close to the sound pressure amplitude at the sound outlet hole 111a, so as to effectively reduce the far-field sound leakage without affecting the near-field listening.
  • the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole 111a and the sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole 111c can be in the range of 0.8-1.2. In some embodiments, the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole 111a and the sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole 111c may be in the range of 0.9-1.1. In some embodiments, the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole 111a and the sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole 111c may be in the range of 0.95-1.05.
  • the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole 111a and the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 0.8-1.2. In some embodiments, the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole 111a and the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 0.9-1.1. In some embodiments, the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet hole 111a and the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole 111d may be in the range of 0.95-1.05.
  • the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet 111a and the total sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 0.4-0.6. In some embodiments, the ratio between the sound pressure at the sound outlet 111a and the total sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d can be in the range of 0.45-0.55. It should be noted that the sound pressure at the sound outlet 111a, the sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole 111c, and the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole 111d refer to the corresponding sound pressures at the corresponding frequencies at the same volume.
  • the sound pressure of the sound outlet 111a is 103.54 dB
  • the sound pressure of the first pressure relief hole 111c is 104.5 dB
  • the sound pressure of the second pressure relief hole 111d is 100.74 dB.
  • the sound pressure at the sound outlet 111a is close to the sound pressure at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the sound pressure at the second pressure relief hole 111d, respectively, so that far-field sound leakage can be effectively reduced.
  • one or more recessed areas 1119 may be provided on the inner side of the housing 111, and the first pressure relief hole 111c and/or the second pressure relief hole 111d and/or the sound outlet hole 111a may be provided at the bottom of the recessed area 1119, respectively.
  • an acoustic resistance net 118 may be provided in the recessed area 1119.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 provided in the front cavity 114 may be used to adjust the amplitude of the corresponding resonance peak of the front cavity 114
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 provided in the rear cavity 116 i.e., the acoustic resistance net 118 provided in the recessed area 1119 corresponding to the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 may also play a role in waterproofing and dustproofing.
  • the bracket 115 can press the acoustic resistance net 118 on the bottom of the recessed area 1119, which is not only conducive to preventing the bracket 115 from scraping the acoustic resistance net 118 during the assembly process, but also conducive to reducing the assembly gap between the bracket 115, the acoustic resistance net 118 and the shell 111, and preventing the acoustic resistance net 118 from shaking.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 may include a gauze mesh, a steel mesh or a combination thereof.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 may be pre-fixed at the bottom of the recessed area 1119 by gluing or the like.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed in the front cavity 114 may have the same acoustic impedance as that disposed in the rear cavity 116, that is, the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the sound outlet 111a may have the same acoustic impedance as that disposed at at least two pressure relief holes (e.g., the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d).
  • the same acoustic resistance net 118 can be set at the sound outlet 111a and at least two pressure relief holes.
  • the acoustic impedance rate of the acoustic resistance net 118 set in the front cavity 114 and the acoustic impedance net 118 set in the rear cavity 116 can also be different, that is, the acoustic impedance rate of the acoustic resistance net 118 set at the sound outlet 111a and the acoustic impedance net 118 set at at least two pressure relief holes (for example, the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d) can be different.
  • acoustic resistance meshes 118 For example, based on other parameters of the front cavity 114 and the rear cavity 116 (for example, the area (or area ratio) of the sound outlet hole 111a and/or the pressure relief hole, the depth of each hole, the aspect ratio, etc.), by setting acoustic resistance meshes 118 with different acoustic impedance rates in the front cavity 114 and the rear cavity 116, a preset output effect can be achieved (for example, by setting acoustic resistance meshes 118 with different acoustic impedance rates, the sound pressure output at the sound outlet hole 111a and the pressure relief hole can be made close, thereby effectively reducing far-field sound leakage).
  • a preset output effect for example, by setting acoustic resistance meshes 118 with different acoustic impedance rates, the sound pressure output at the sound outlet hole 111a and the pressure relief hole can be made close, thereby effectively reducing far-field sound leakage).
  • different acoustic resistance nets 118 may have different thicknesses.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 may have a certain thickness to maintain the structural stability between it and the sound-emitting part 11.
  • the thickness of the acoustic resistance net 118 is too large, the corresponding acoustic resistance is large, and the acoustic output performance of the corresponding acoustic holes (such as the sound outlet hole 111a, the first pressure relief hole 111c, and the second pressure relief hole 111d) will be greatly affected. Therefore, the thickness of the acoustic resistance net 118 needs to be set within a certain range.
  • the thickness of the acoustic resistance net 118 provided at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may range from 35 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the thickness of the acoustic resistance net 118 provided at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may range from 40 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the thickness of the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may range from 50 ⁇ m to 65 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the second pressure relief hole 111d may range from 55 ⁇ m to 62 ⁇ m.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the outer surface of the shell 1111 may be 0.8 mm to 0.9 mm, and the distance between the upper surface of the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the second pressure relief hole 111d and the outer surface of the shell 1111 may be 0.8 mm to 0.9 mm.
  • the distance between the outer surface of 1111 can be 0.7mm-0.8mm.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the outer surface of the shell 1111 can be 0.82mm-0.88mm, and the distance between the upper surface of the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the second pressure relief hole 111d and the outer surface of the shell 1111 can be 0.72mm-0.76mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the upper surface of the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the first pressure relief hole 111c and the outer surface of the shell 1111 can be 0.86mm, and the distance between the upper surface of the acoustic resistance net 118 disposed at the second pressure relief hole 111d and the outer surface of the shell 1111 can be 0.73mm.
  • the mesh density of different types of acoustic resistance nets 118 may also be different, resulting in different acoustic resistances of the corresponding acoustic holes, thereby affecting the output of the corresponding acoustic cavity. Therefore, it is necessary to design the composition and type of the acoustic resistance net 118.
  • a steel mesh may be used at the first pressure relief hole 111c and/or the second pressure relief hole 111d and/or the sound outlet hole 111a, or a combination of a gauze mesh and a steel mesh may be used.
  • Figures 31A to 31F are frequency response curves corresponding to the front cavity and the rear cavity being provided with different acoustic resistance meshes according to some embodiments of this specification.
  • Figure 31A shows the frequency response curve when only different steel meshes are set in the front chamber
  • Figure 31B shows the frequency response curve when 006 gauze and different steel meshes are set in the front chamber
  • Figure 31C shows the frequency response curve when 010 gauze and different steel meshes are set in the front chamber
  • Figure 31D shows the frequency response curve when etched steel mesh and different gauze are set in the front chamber
  • Figure 31E shows the frequency response curve when 006 gauze and etched steel mesh are set in the front chamber, and 010 gauze and different steel meshes are set in the back chamber
  • Figure 31F shows the frequency response curve when 006 gauze and etched steel mesh are set in the front chamber, and etched steel mesh and different gauze are set in the back chamber.
  • the corresponding nominal acoustic impedance ratios are ranked from small to large as follows: 006 gauze, 010 gauze; for steel meshes with the same mesh size and different types, the corresponding nominal acoustic impedance ratios are ranked from small to large as follows: etched steel mesh, steel mesh 12, steel mesh 14.
  • 006 and 010 are acoustic resistance parameters.
  • 006 can indicate that the acoustic impedance rate is around 6MKS rayls.
  • the mesh number can refer to the number of holes on the acoustic resistance net per unit area. For the same type of acoustic resistance net, the larger the mesh number, the larger the corresponding acoustic impedance rate.
  • the frequency response curve gradually moves downward, that is, the corresponding output sound pressure decreases, but the magnitude of the decrease is not obvious.
  • the corresponding frequency response curve in the low-frequency range has a smaller fluctuation degree, fewer peaks and valleys, and a smoother curve.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 provided in the front cavity 114 may include a steel mesh (e.g., an etched steel mesh), and the mesh number of the steel mesh may be in the range of 60-100.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 provided in the front cavity 114 may include a steel mesh, and the mesh number of the steel mesh may be in the range of 70-90.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 provided in the front cavity 114 may include a gauze and a steel mesh (for example, an etched steel mesh), and the acoustic impedance rate of the gauze may be in the range of 2MKS rayls-50MKS rayls, and the mesh number of the steel mesh may be in the range of 60-100.
  • the acoustic resistance net 118 provided in the front cavity 114 may include a gauze and a steel mesh, and the acoustic impedance rate of the gauze may be in the range of 5MKS rayls-20MKS rayls, and the mesh number of the steel mesh may be in the range of 70-90.
  • the acoustic impedance mesh 118 provided in the front cavity 114 may include a gauze mesh and a steel mesh, and the acoustic impedance rate of the gauze mesh may be in the range of 6MKS rayls-10MKS rayls, and the mesh number of the steel mesh may be in the range of 75-85.
  • the acoustic impedance rate of the steel mesh may be in the range of 0.1MKS rayls-10MKS rayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic impedance rate of the steel mesh may be in the range of 0.1MKS rayls-5MKS rayls. In some embodiments, the acoustic impedance rate of the steel mesh may be in the range of 0.1MKS rayls-3 MKS rayls.
  • the frequency response curve can also be measured by a test device (for example, an electroacoustic tester).
  • the test device may include a signal excitation device and a sound collection device (for example, a microphone).
  • the test device can be connected to the headset by wire or wireless means (for example, Bluetooth, WiFi, etc.), wherein the sound collection device can be arranged near the sound-emitting part 11 (for example, 15 mm directly in front of the sound outlet 111a).
  • the test device can send an excitation signal to the headset so that the headset generates a sound, and collect the sound through the sound collection device.
  • the present application uses specific words to describe the embodiments of the present application.
  • “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, and/or “some embodiments” refer to a certain feature, structure or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an alternative embodiment” mentioned twice or more in different places in this specification does not necessarily mean that the two or more references in this specification are not necessarily the same as the references in the present application. In addition, some features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the present application may be appropriately combined.

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  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本说明书涉及一种开放式耳机，包括：发声部。发声部包括：换能器，包括振膜，用于在激励信号的作用下产生声音；以及壳体，壳体形成用于容纳换能器的腔体，其中，壳体朝向用户耳廓的内侧面上开设出声孔，用于将振膜前侧产生的声音导出壳体后传向耳道，壳体的其它侧壁上开设有至少两个泄压孔，至少两个泄压孔包括远离耳道的第一泄压孔和靠近耳道的第二泄压孔，第一泄压孔处的声压大于第二泄压孔处的声压。

Description

一种开放式耳机
交叉引用
本申请要求2022年10月28日提交的申请号为202211336918.4的中国申请，2022年12月1日提交的申请号为202223239628.6的中国申请，以及2022年12月30日提交的申请号为PCT/CN2022/144339的国际申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及声学技术领域，具体是涉及一种开放式耳机。
背景技术
随着声学输出技术的发展，耳机已广泛地应用于人们的日常生活，其可以与手机、电脑等电子设备配合使用，以便于为用户提供听觉盛宴。按照用户佩戴的方式，声学装置一般可以分为头戴式、耳挂式和入耳式等。耳机的输出性对于用户的使用舒适度具有很大的影响。
因此，有必要提出一种开放式耳机，以提高开放式耳机的输出性能。
发明内容
本说明书实施例提供了一种开放式耳机，可以包括：发声部。所述发声部可以包括：换能器，可以包括振膜，用于在激励信号的作用下产生声音；以及壳体，所述壳体形成用于容纳所述换能器的腔体，其中，佩戴状态下，所述壳体朝向用户耳廓的内侧面上可以开设出声孔，用于将所述振膜前侧产生的声音导出所述壳体后传向所述耳道，所述壳体的其它侧壁上可以开设有至少两个泄压孔，所述至少两个泄压孔包括远离所述耳道的第一泄压孔和靠近所述耳道的第二泄压孔，所述第一泄压孔处的声压可以大于所述第二泄压孔处的声压。
在一些实施例中，所述第一泄压孔和所述第二泄压孔可以分别位于所述壳体的不同侧面上。
在一些实施例中，所述第一泄压孔的面积与所述第二泄压孔的面积之间的比值可以在1-5范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述第一泄压孔的长轴尺寸与短轴尺寸之间的比值可以在1.3-8范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述第二泄压孔的长轴尺寸与短轴尺寸之间的比值可以在1-6范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述第一泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值可以大于所述第二泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值。
在一些实施例中，所述第一泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值可以小于所述第二泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值。
在一些实施例中，所述第一泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值可以等于所述第二泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔的面积与所述第一泄压孔和所述第二泄压孔的总面积之间的比值可以在0.1-0.99范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜将所述腔体分为分别与所述振膜前侧和后侧对应的前腔和后腔，其中，所述后腔的体积与所述前腔的体积之间的比值可以在0.1-10范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜将所述腔体分为分别与所述振膜前侧和后侧对应的前腔和后腔，其中，所述前腔的谐振频率与所述后腔的谐振频率之间的比值可以在0.1-5范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔的面积与所述第一泄压孔和所述第二泄压孔的总面积之间的比值可以在1-10范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜将所述腔体分为分别与所述振膜前侧和后侧对应的前腔和后腔，其中，所述后腔的体积与所述前腔的体积之间的比值可以在0.1-10范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述振膜将所述腔体分为分别与所述振膜前侧和后侧对应的前腔和后腔，其中，所述前腔的谐振频率与所述后腔的谐振频率之间的比值可以在0.5-10范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔的面积与所述出声孔的深度之间的比值可以在0.31-512.2范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔的长轴尺寸与短轴尺寸之间的比值可以在1-10范围内。
在一些实施例中，在3.5kHz-4.5kHz范围内，所述出声孔处的声压与所述第一泄压孔处和所述第二泄压孔处的总声压之间的比值可以在0.4-0.6范围内。
在一些实施例中，在3.5kHz-4.5kHz范围内，所述出声孔处的声压与所述第一泄压孔处的声压之间的比值可以在0.9-1.1范围内。
在一些实施例中，在3.5kHz-4.5kHz范围内，所述出声孔处的声压与所述第二泄压孔处的声压之间的比值可以在0.9-1.1范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔处和所述至少两个泄压孔处可以分别设置声阻网。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔处的声阻网与所述至少两个泄压孔处的声阻网的声阻抗率可以相同。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔处的声阻网与所述至少两个泄压孔处的声阻网的声阻抗率可以不同。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔处或所述至少两个泄压孔处设置的声阻网可以包括纱网或钢网。
在一些实施例中，所述出声孔处的声阻网可以包括纱网和蚀刻钢网。
在一些实施例中，所述纱网的声阻抗率可以在2MKS rayls-50MKS rayls范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述钢网的声阻抗率可以在0.1MKS rayls-10MKS rayls范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述第一泄压孔处的声阻网的朝向所述壳体外部的上表面与所述壳体的外表面之间的距离可以在0.8mm-0.9mm范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述第二泄压孔处的声阻网的朝向所述壳体外部的上表面与所述壳体的外表面之间的距离可以在0.7mm-0.8mm范围内。
在一些实施例中，所述至少两个泄压孔处的所述声阻网的厚度可以在40μm-150μm范围内。
附图说明
本申请将以示例性实施例的方式进一步说明，这些示例性实施例将通过附图进行详细描述。这些实施例并非限制性的，在这些实施例中，相同的编号表示相同的结构，其中：
图1是根据本申请的一些实施例所示的示例性耳部的示意图；
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的开放式耳机的示例性结构图；
图3是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的开放式耳机的示例性佩戴示意图；
图4是是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的另一开放式耳机的示例性佩戴图；
图5是图4所示开放式耳机的另一示例性外部轮廓示意图；
图6是图4所示开放式耳机的另一示例性外部轮廓示意图；
图7是图4所示开放式耳机的另一示例性外部轮廓示意图；
图8是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的偶极子声源的其中一个声源周围设置腔体结构的示例性分布示意图；
图9是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的偶极子声源结构和偶极子声源的其中一个声源周围构建腔体结构的听音原理示意图；
图10是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的偶极子声源结构和偶极子声源的其中一个声源周围构建腔体结构的漏音原理示意图；
图11是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部的示例性内部结构示意图；
图12是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的内壳的示例性结构示意图；
图13A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的出声孔的示例性位置示意图；
图13B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同位置的出声孔对应的频率响应曲线图；
图14A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔的示例性位置示意图；
图14B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同位置的第一泄压孔对应的频率响应曲线图；
图15A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第二泄压孔的示例性位置示意图；
图15B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同位置的第二泄压孔对应的频率响应曲线图；
图16是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的出声孔不同长宽比对应的前腔的频率响应曲线图；
图17是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同长度的出声孔对应的前腔的频率响应曲线图；
图18是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的出声孔不同长宽比对应的频率响应曲线图；
图19是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同长度的出声孔对应的频率响应曲线图；
图20是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同长度的跑道形出声孔和圆形出声孔对应的频率响应曲线图；
图21是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的后腔的部分结构的示例性结构图；
图22是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同大小的夹角α对应的后腔的频率响应曲线图；
图23A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的声阻变化示意图；
图23B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的声质 量变化示意图；
图23C是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的辐射声阻变化示意图；
图23D是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的辐射声质量变化示意图；
图24A-图24E是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的后腔的频率响应曲线图；
图25是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔不同长度取值时的频率响应曲线图；
图26是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第二泄压孔不同长度取值时的频率响应曲线图；
图27是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的前后腔体积比、出声孔开口面积与声学孔开口面积之比的等值线图；
图28是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的出声孔处不同音量对应的频率响应曲线图；
图29是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔处不同音量对应的频率响应曲线图；
图30是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第二泄压孔处处不同音量对应的频率响应曲线图；
图31A-图31F是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的前腔与后腔分别设置不同声阻网时对应的频率响应曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
应当理解，本文使用的“系统”、“装置”、“单元”和/或“模组”是用于区分不同级别的不同组件、元件、部件、部分或装配的一种方法。然而，如果其他词语可实现相同的目的，则可通过其他表达来替换所述词语。
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其它的步骤或元素。
本申请中使用了流程图用来说明根据本申请的实施例的系统所执行的操作。应当理解的是，前面或后面操作不一定按照顺序来精确地执行。相反，可以按照倒序或同时处理各个步骤。同时，也可以将其他操作添加到这些过程中，或从这些过程移除某一步或数步操作。
图1是根据本申请的一些实施例所示的示例性耳部的示意图。参见图1，耳部100(也可以称为耳廓)可以包括外耳道101、耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107、耳垂108、耳屏109以及耳轮脚1071。在一些实施例中，可以借助耳部100的一个或多个部位对声学装置的支撑，实现声学装置佩戴的稳定。在一些实施例中，外耳道101、耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104等部位在三维空间中具有一定的深度及容积，可以用于实现声学装置的佩戴需求。例如，声学装置(例如，入耳式耳机)可以佩戴于外耳道101中。在一些实施例中，可以借助耳部100中除外耳道101外的其他部位，实现声学装置(例如，开放式耳机)的佩戴。例如，可以借助耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107等部位或其组合实现声学装置的佩戴。在一些实施例中，为了改善声学装置在佩戴方面的舒适度及可靠性，也可以进一步借助用户的耳垂108等部位。通过借助耳部100中除外耳道101之外的其他部位，实现声学装置的佩戴和声音的传播，可以“解放”用户的外耳道101。当用户佩戴声学装置(例如，开放式耳机)时，声学装置不会堵塞用户外耳道101(或耳道、耳道口)，用户既可以接收来自声学装置的声音又可以接收来自环境中的声音(例如，鸣笛声、车铃声、周围人声、交通指挥声等)，从而能够降低交通意外的发生概率。在一些实施例中，可以根据耳部100的构造，将声学装置设计成与耳部100适配的结构，以实现声学装置的发声部在耳部各个不同位置的佩戴。例如，声学装置为开放式耳机时，开放式耳机可以包括悬挂结构(例如，耳挂)和发声部，发声部与悬挂结构通过物理方式进行连接，悬挂结构可以与耳廓的形状相适配，以将发声部的整体或者部分结构置于耳屏109的前侧(例如，图1中虚线围成的区域J)。又例如，在用户佩戴开放式耳机时，发声部的整体或者部分结构可以与外耳道101的上部(例如，耳甲艇103、三角窝104、对耳轮105、耳舟106、耳轮107、耳轮脚1071等一个或多个部位所在的位置)接触。再例如，在用户佩戴开放式耳机时，发声部的整体或者部分结构可以位于耳部100的一个或多个部位(例如，耳甲腔102、耳甲艇103、三角窝104等)所形成的腔体内(例如，图1中虚线围成的至少包含耳甲艇103、三角窝104的区域M1和与至少 包含耳甲腔102的区域M2)。
不同的用户可能存在个体差异，导致耳部存在不同的形状、大小等尺寸差异。为了便于描述和理解，如果没有特别说明，本说明书将主要以具有“标准”形状和尺寸的耳部模型作为参考，进一步描述不同实施例中的声学装置在该耳部模型上的佩戴方式。例如，可以以基于ANSI：S3.36，S3.25和IEC：60318-7标准制得一含头部及其(左、右)耳部的模拟器，例如GRAS45BCKEMAR，作为佩戴声学装置的参照物，以此呈现出大多数用户正常佩戴声学装置的情景。仅仅作为示例，作为参考的耳部可以具有如下相关特征：耳廓在矢状面上的投影在垂直轴方向的尺寸可以在49.5mm-74.3mm的范围内，耳廓在矢状面上的投影在矢状轴方向的尺寸可以在36.6mm-55mm的范围内。因此，本申请中，诸如“用户佩戴”、“处于佩戴状态”及“在佩戴状态下”等描述可以指本申请所述的声学装置佩戴于前述模拟器的耳部。当然，考虑到不同的用户存在个体差异，耳部100中一个或多个部位的结构、形状、大小、厚度等可以具有一定区别，为了满足不同用户的需求，可以对声学装置进行差异化设计，这些差异化设计可以表现为声学装置中一个或多个部位(例如，下文中的发声部、耳挂等)的特征参数可以具有不同范围的数值，以此适应不同的耳部。
需要说明的是：在医学、解剖学等领域中，可以定义人体的矢状面(Sagittal Plane)、冠状面(Coronal Plane)和水平面(Horizontal Plane)三个基本切面以及矢状轴(Sagittal Axis)、冠状轴(Coronal Axis)和垂直轴(Vertical Axis)三个基本轴。其中，矢状面是指沿身体前后方向所作的与地面垂直的切面，它将人体分为左右两部分；冠状面是指沿身体左右方向所作的与地面垂直的切面，它将人体分为前后两部分；水平面是指沿垂直于身体的上下方向所作的与地面平行的切面，它将人体分为上下两部分。相应地，矢状轴是指沿身体前后方向且垂直于冠状面的轴，冠状轴是指沿身体左右方向且垂直于矢状面的轴，垂直轴是指沿身体上下方向且垂直于水平面的轴。进一步地，本申请所述的“耳部的前侧”是一个相对于“耳部的后侧”的概念，前者指耳部背离头部的一侧，后者指耳部朝向头部的一侧。其中，沿人体冠状轴所在方向观察上述模拟器的耳部，可以得到图1所示的耳部的前侧轮廓示意图。
图2是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的开放式耳机的示例性结构图，图3是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的开放式耳机的示例性佩戴示意图，图4是是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的另一开放式耳机的示例性佩戴图。如图2-图4所示，开放式耳机10可以包括发声部11和耳挂12。在一些实施例中，开放式耳机10可以通过耳挂12将发声部11佩戴在用户身体上(例如，人体的头部、颈部或者上部躯干)。
在一些实施例中，开放式耳机10在佩戴状态下，耳挂12的第一部分挂设在用户耳廓和头部之间，第二部分向耳廓背离头部的一侧延伸并连接发声部11，用于将发声部11固定于耳道附近但不堵塞耳道的位置。在一些实施例中，耳挂12可以为与用户耳廓相适配的弧结构，以使耳挂12可以悬挂于用户上耳廓处。在一些实施例中，耳挂12也可以为与用户耳廓相适配的夹持结构，以使耳挂12可以夹持于用户耳廓处。在一些实施例中，耳挂12可以包括但不限于挂钩结构、弹性带等，使得开放式耳机10可以更好地固定在用户身上，防止用户在使用时发生掉落。
在一些实施例中，为了改善开放式耳机10在佩戴状态下的稳定性，开放式耳机10可以采用以下几种方式中的任何一种或其组合。其一，耳挂12的至少部分设置成与耳部的后侧和头部中的至少一者贴合的仿形结构，以增加耳挂12与耳部和/或头部的接触面积，从而增加开放式耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其二，耳挂12的至少部分设置成弹性结构，使之在佩戴状态下具有一定的形变量，以增加耳挂12对耳部和/或头部的正压力，从而增加开放式耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其三，耳挂12至少部分设置成在佩戴状态下抵靠在头部上，使之形成压持耳部的反作用力，以使得发声部11压持在耳部的前侧，从而增加开放式耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其四，发声部11和耳挂12设置成在佩戴状态下从耳部的前后两侧夹持对耳轮所在区域、耳甲腔所在区域等生理部位，从而增加开放式耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。其五，发声部11或者与之连接的辅助结构设置成至少部分伸入耳甲腔、耳甲艇、三角窝及耳舟等生理部位内，从而增加开放式耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，发声部11可以用于佩戴在用户的身体上，用于产生输入用户耳朵100的声音。在一些实施例中，发声部11可以包括换能器112。换能器112可以包括振膜(例如，如图11所示的振膜1121)，用于在激励信号的作用下产生声音。在一些实施例中，发声部11还可以包括壳体111。壳体111可以形成用于容纳换能器112的腔体。在一些实施例中，壳体111朝向耳廓的内侧面(例如，图6所示的内侧面IS)上可以开设出声孔(例如，如图6所示的出声孔111a)，用于将振膜前侧产生的声音导出壳体111后传向耳道。在一些实施例中，壳体111的其它侧壁上还可以开设有至少两个泄压孔，用于将振膜后侧产生的声音导出壳体111后与出声孔111a导出的声音(例如，远场声音)相消。示例性地，发声部11可以通过出声孔以及两个泄压孔发出具有相位差(例如，相位相 反)的声音，所述具有相位差的声音可以在远场相互干涉，形成降低漏音的效果。在一些实施例中，至少两个泄压孔可以包括第一泄压孔(例如，图12所示的第一泄压孔111c)和第二泄压孔(例如，图12所示的第二泄压孔111d)。当用户佩戴开放式耳机10时，第二泄压孔可以较第一泄压孔更靠近耳道。在一些实施例中，相较于远离耳道的第一泄压孔，靠近耳道的第二泄压孔传出的声波更容易与出声孔传出的声波在近场(例如，耳道)相消。因此，相较于第一泄压孔，第二泄压孔的声压可以较小，以减小第二泄压孔导出的声音与出声孔导出的声音在近场的干涉相消，从而提升开放式耳机10的听音效果。
在一些实施例中，开放式耳机10可以与眼镜、头戴式耳机、头戴式显示装置、AR/VR头盔等产品相结合。在这种情况下，发声部11可以采用悬挂或夹持的方式固定在用户的耳朵100的附近。在一些实施例中，壳体111可以为具有人体耳朵100适配形状的壳体结构，例如，圆环形、椭圆形、多边形(规则或不规则)、U型、V型、半圆形，以便发声部11可以直接挂靠在用户的耳朵100处。在一些实施例中，发声部11可以具有垂直于厚度方向X且彼此正交的长轴方向Y和短轴(或宽度)方向Z。其中，长轴方向Y可以定义为发声部11的二维投影面(例如，发声部11在其外侧面所在平面上的投影，或在矢状面上的投影)的形状中具有最大延伸尺寸的方向(例如，当投影形状为长方形或近似长方形时，长轴方向即长方形或近似长方形的长度方向)。短轴方向Z可以定义为发声部11的二维投影面的形状中垂直于长轴方向Y的方向(例如，当投影形状为长方形或近似长方形时，短轴方向即长方形或近似长方形的宽度方向)。厚度方向X可以定义为垂直于二维投影面的方向(例如，与冠状轴的方向一致，均指向身体左右的方向)。在一些实施例中，当佩戴状态下发声部11处于水平状态时，长轴方向Y可以与矢状轴的方向一致，均指向身体的前后方向，短轴方向Z可以与垂直轴的方向一致，均指向身体的上下方向，如图3所示。在另一些实施例中，当佩戴状态下发声部11处于倾斜状态时，长轴方向Y与短轴方向Z可以仍平行于或近似平行于矢状面，长轴方向Y可以与矢状轴的方向具有一定夹角，即长轴方向Y也相应倾斜设置，短轴方向Z可以与垂直轴的方向具有一定夹角，即短轴方向Z也倾斜设置，如图4所示。
在一些实施例中，当用户佩戴开放式耳机10时，发声部11可以位于用户耳朵100的上方、下方、前侧(例如，耳屏前侧)或耳廓内(例如，耳甲腔中)。
在一些实施例中，开放式耳机10可以包括但不限于气传导耳机、骨气导耳机等。在一些实施例中，当开放式耳机10处于佩戴状态时，可以不堵塞用户的外耳道101，如图3与图4所示。在一些实施例中，开放式耳机10在用户耳平面上的投影可以部分或全部覆盖但不堵塞用户的外耳道101，如图4所示。在一些实施例中，开放式耳机10在用户耳平面上的投影也可以不覆盖用户的外耳道101，如图3所示。
以下以图4所示的开放式耳机10为例，对开放式耳机10进行详细说明。需要知道的是，在不违背相应声学原理的情况下，图4的开放式耳机10的结构以及其对应的参数也可以同样适用于上文中提到的其它构型的开放式耳机中。
请参照图3与图4，在一些实施例中，发声部11可以具有与耳挂12连接的连接端CE和不与耳挂12连接的自由端FE。在一些实施例中，如图4所示，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的自由端FE的至少一部分可以伸入耳甲腔内，在佩戴状态下，沿人体冠状轴所在方向观察，连接端CE可以相较于自由端FE更靠近头顶(如图4与图6所示)，以便于自由端FE伸入耳甲腔内。在一些实施例中，如图3所示，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的自由端FE可以不伸入耳甲腔内，在佩戴状态下，沿人体冠状轴所在方向观察，连接端CE与头顶的距离可以近似等于自由端FE与头顶的距离，例如，连接端CE与自由端FE的连线可以与水平面平行(如图3)。在一些实施例中，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的自由端FE可以不伸入耳甲腔内，沿人体冠状轴所在方向观察，连接端CE可以相较于自由端FE更远离头顶，以避免发声部11遮挡用户的外耳道与耳甲腔。
在一些实施例中，发声部11和耳挂12可以设置成从耳甲腔所对应的耳部区域的前后两侧共同夹持前述耳部区域，从而增加开放式耳机10从耳部上脱落的阻力，进而改善开放式耳机10在佩戴状态下的稳定性。例如，自由端FE可以在厚度方向X上压持在耳甲腔内。再例如，自由端FE在长轴方向Y和短轴方向Z上抵接在耳甲腔内。需要说明的是，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的自由端FE除了伸入耳甲腔内之外，也可以正投影落在对耳轮上，还可以正投影落在头部的左右两侧且在人体矢状轴上位于耳部前侧的位置上。换言之，耳挂12可以支撑发声部11佩戴至耳甲腔、对耳轮、耳部前侧等佩戴位。
图5是图4所示开放式耳机的另一示例性外部轮廓示意图，图6是图4所示开放式耳机的另一示例性外部轮廓示意图，图7是图4所示开放式耳机的另一示例性外部轮廓示意图。
如图4-图7所示，在一些实施例中，发声部11可以具有在佩戴状态下沿厚度方向X朝向耳部 的内侧面IS和背离耳部的外侧面OS，以及连接内侧面IS和外侧面OS的连接面。在佩戴状态下，沿冠状轴所在方向(即厚度方向X)观察，发声部11可以设置成圆形、椭圆形、圆角正方形、圆角矩形等形状。其中，当发声部11设置成圆形、椭圆形等形状时，上述连接面可以指发声部11的弧形侧面；而当发声部11设置成圆角正方形、圆角矩形等形状时，上述连接面可以包括后文中提及的下侧面LS、上侧面US和后侧面RS。因此，为了便于描述，本实施例以发声部11设置成圆角矩形为例进行示例性的说明。在一些实施例中，发声部11可以具有沿短轴方向Z设置的上侧面US和下侧面LS，以及连接上侧面US和下侧面LS的后侧面RS，其中，上侧面US在佩戴状态下位于沿短轴方向Z朝向头顶的一端，后侧面RS在佩戴状态下位于长轴方向Y朝向脑后的一端，自由端FE位于后侧面RS。在一些实施例中，长轴方向Y的正方向可以指向自由端FE，短轴方向Z的正方向可以指向上侧面US，厚度方向X的正方向可以指向外侧面OS。在一些实施例中，壳体111在佩戴状态下朝向耳部的内侧面IS设置有出声孔111a，换能器112产生的声波经由出声孔111a传播而出，以便于传入外耳道101。值得注意的是：出声孔111a也可以设置在壳体111的下侧面LS，还可以设置在前述内侧面IS与下侧面LS之间的拐角处。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔和第二泄压孔可以设置于壳体111上的不同侧面上。例如，在Z方向上，第一泄压孔可以设置于壳体111的上侧面US，第二泄压孔可以设置于壳体111的下侧面LS。采用上述设置可以破坏后腔(即振膜后侧对应的腔体)中驻波，使得两个泄压孔导出至壳体111外部的声音的谐振频率尽可能地高，从而使得后腔的频响具有较宽的平坦区域(例如，在谐振峰之前的区域)，并在中高频范围内(例如2kHz-6kHz)获得更好的降漏音效果。
由于耳甲腔具有一定的容积及深度，使得自由端FE伸入耳甲腔内之后，发声部11的内侧面IS与耳甲腔之间能够具有一定的间距。换言之，发声部11在佩戴状态下与耳甲腔可以配合形成与外耳道连通的类腔体结构，壳体111上的出声孔可以至少部分位于所述类腔体结构内，第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔可以位于所述类腔体结构外。如此，在佩戴状态下，换能器112的振膜产生的并经由出声孔传播而出的声波会受到前述类腔体结构的限制，也即所述类腔体结构可以聚拢声波，使得声波能够更多地传播至外耳道内，从而提高用户在近场听到的声音的音量和音质，有利于改善开放式耳机10的声学效果。进一步地，由于发声部11可以设置成在佩戴状态下不堵住外耳道，使得所述类腔体结构可以呈半开放式设置。如此，换能器112产生的并经由出声孔传播而出的声波，可以经由发声部11与耳部之间的缝隙(例如，耳甲腔未被发声部11覆盖的一部分)传播至开放式耳机10及耳部的外部，从而在远场形成第一漏音；另外，经由壳体111上的第一泄压孔和/或第二泄压孔传播出去的声波可以在远场形成第二漏音，所述第一漏音的相位和第二漏音的相位(接近)互为反相，使得两者能够在远场反相相消，从而有利于降低开放式耳机10在远场的漏音。
图8是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的偶极子声源的其中一个声源周围设置腔体结构的示例性分布示意图。如图8所示，偶极子声源之间设有腔体结构41时，使得其中一个偶极子声源和听音位置在腔体结构41的内部，另外一个偶极子声源在腔体结构41的外部。本说明书中，“腔体结构”可以理解为由发声部11的侧壁与耳甲腔结构共同围成的半封闭结构，该半封闭结构使得内部与外部环境并非完全密闭隔绝，而是具有与外部环境声学联通的泄漏结构42(例如，开口、缝隙、管道等)。示例性的泄漏结构可以包括但不限于开口、缝隙、管道等，或其任意组合。
在一些实施例中，腔体结构41中可以包含听音位置和至少一个声源。这里的“包含”可以表示听音位置和声源至少有一者在腔体内部，也可以表示听音位置和声源至少有一者在腔体内部边缘处。在一些实施例中，听音位置可以是耳道入口，也可以是耳朵声学参考点。
图9是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的偶极子声源结构和偶极子声源的其中一个声源周围构建腔体结构的听音原理示意图。图10是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的偶极子声源结构和偶极子声源的其中一个声源周围构建腔体结构的漏音原理示意图。
对于近场听音来说，如图9所示的其中一个声源周围构建有腔体结构的偶极子，由于其中一个声源A被腔体结构包裹，其辐射出来的声音大部分会通过直射或反射的方式到达听音位置。相对地，在没有腔体结构的情况，声源辐射出的声音大部分不会到达听音位置。因此，腔体结构的设置使得到达听音位置的声音音量得到显著提高。同时，腔体结构外的反相声源B辐射出来的反相声音只有较少的一部分会通过腔体结构的泄漏结构进入腔体结构。这相当于在泄漏结构处生成了一个次级声源B’，其强度显著小于声源B，亦显著小于声源A。次级声源B’产生的声音在腔体内对声源A产生相消的效果微弱，使听音位置的听音音量显著提高。
对于漏音来说，如图10所示，声源A通过腔体的泄漏结构向外界辐射声音相当于在泄漏结构处生成了一个次级声源A’，由于声源A辐射的几乎所有声音均从泄漏结构输出，且腔体的结构尺度远 小于评价漏音的空间尺度(相差至少一个数量级)，因此可认为次级声源A’的强度与声源A相当。对于外界空间来说，次级声源A’与声源B产生的声音在远场的相消效果与声源A与声源B产生的声音在远场的相消效果相当。即该腔体结构下，仍然保持了相当的降漏音效果。
应当理解的是，上述一个开口的泄漏结构仅为示例，腔体结构的泄漏结构可以包含一个或一个以上的开口，其也能实现较优的听音指数，其中，听音指数可以指漏音指数α的倒数1/α。以设置两个开口结构为例，下面分别分析等开孔和等开孔率的情况。以只开一个孔的结构作为对比，这里的“等开孔”指设置两个尺寸与只开一个孔的结构相同的开口，“等开孔率”指设置的两个孔开口面积之和与只开一个孔的结构相同。等开孔相当于将只开一个孔的相对开口大小(即腔体结构上泄漏结构的开口面积S与腔体结构中受被包含的声源直接作用的面积S0的比值)扩大了一倍，由之前所述，其整体的听音指数会下降。在等开孔率的情况，即使S/S0与只开一个孔的结构相同，但两个开口至外部声源的距离不同，因而也会造成不同的听音指数。
图11是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的发声部的示例性内部结构示意图。如图11所示，在一些实施例中，换能器112可以包括振膜1121。振膜1121与壳体111之间可以形成第一声学腔体，出声孔111a可以设置于壳体111上包围形成第一声学腔体的区域，第一声学腔体可以通过出声孔111a与壳体111外部连通。在一些实施例中，第一声学腔体可以位于振膜1121的前侧，即第一声学腔体可以作为前腔114。
在一些实施例中，壳体111的腔体内可以设置有支架115，支架115与换能器112之间可以围设形成第二声学腔体(第二声学腔体可以作为后腔116)，且使得第二声学腔体与壳体111内的其他结构(例如，主控电路板等)隔开，这样有利于改善发声部11的声学输出。在一些实施例中，支架115与换能器112之间围设形成的声学腔体可以与换能器112内部的声学腔体共同作为第二声学腔体。在一些实施例中，第二声学腔体可以位于振膜1121的后侧。壳体111上可以设置有声学孔(例如，第一泄压孔111c和/或第二泄压孔111d)，支架115上可以设置有连通所述声学孔和后腔116的声学通道1151，以便于后腔116与外部环境连通，也即空气可以自由地进出后腔116，从而有利于降低换能器112的振膜1121在低频大振幅过程中的阻力，提高换能器的低频输出能力。
图12是根据本说明书的一些实施例所示的开放式耳机的发声部11的内壳的示例性结构示意图。在一些实施例中，内壳1111可以包括底壁1113以及与底壁1113连接的第一侧壁1114。其中，沿短轴方向Z观察，在连接端CE指向自由端FE的参考方向(例如图11及图12中箭头Y的反方向)上，第一侧壁1114靠近自由端FE的部分在厚度方向X上逐渐靠近底壁1113，以使得分模面111b在靠近自由端FE的方向上向内壳1111所在一侧倾斜。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a可以设置在底壁1113上。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a也可以设置在第一侧壁1114对应于下侧面LS的一侧，还可以设置在第一侧壁1114与底壁1113之间的拐角处。在图12中的箭头Z的方向上，第一泄压孔111c设置在第一侧壁1114对应壳体111的上侧面US的一侧，第二泄压孔111d设置在第一侧壁1114对应壳体111的下侧面LS的一侧。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c具有第一中心，第二泄压孔111d具有第二中心，出声孔111a具有第三中心。在长轴方向Y上，第二中心可以相较于第一中心更远离第三中心。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的第三中心可以位于第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与第二泄压孔111d的第二中心连线的中垂面上或者中垂面附近，以尽可能地拉大第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d与出声孔111a之间的距离。需要知道的是，由于出声孔111a、第一泄压孔111c及第二泄压孔111d等声学孔设置在壳体111上，壳体111的各个侧壁均具有一定厚度，因此，声学孔均为具有一定深度的孔洞。此时，每个声学孔均具有内开口和外开口。为便于描述，在本申请中，上述及下述出声孔的中心可以指出声孔的外开口的形心，上述及下述第一泄压孔的中心可以指第一泄压孔的外开口的形心，上述及下述第二泄压孔的中心可以指第二泄压孔的外开口的形心。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d可以在Y方向上错位设置，以使得第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d不被耳屏遮挡。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c可以相较于第二泄压孔111d更远离连接端CE。出声孔111a的第三中心可以位于第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与第二泄压孔111d的第二中心连线的中垂面上，以使各个泄压孔尽可能远离出声孔。在一些实施例中，为了使得出声孔111a更靠近耳道，出声孔111a在Z方向上可以位于壳体111靠近第二泄压孔111d的一侧而非中间位置，如图12所示。
图13A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的出声孔的示例性位置示意图，图13B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同位置的出声孔对应的频率响应曲线图。在一些实施例中，图13B所示的各曲线为仿真曲线。请参照图13A，在发声部11的内侧面IS中，以内侧面IS的中心(即内侧面IS在Y方 向以及Z方向上的中点)为原点、Z方向的正方向为Px1轴正方向、Y方向的正方向为Py1轴正方向建立坐标系，则出声孔111a的第三中心在内侧面IS上的位置可以表示为(Px1，Py1)，单位为mm。例如，(0，-4)表示在Px1轴正方向上，出声孔111a的第三中心与内侧面IS的中心距离为0mm，且在Py1轴反方向上，所述第三中心与内侧面IS的中心距离为4mm。在一些实施例中，基于出声孔111a的第三中心的坐标，可以确定出声孔111a的第三中心与发声部11的下侧面LS(或上侧面US)及自由端FE(或连接端CE)的距离。其中，所述第三中心与下侧面LS(或上侧面US)的距离可以指在Px1轴方向上，第三中心与下侧面LS(或上侧面US)的最远距离；所述第三中心与自由端FE(或连接端CE)的距离可以指在Py1轴方向上，第三中心与自由端FE(或连接端CE)的最远距离。
图13B示出了当出声孔111a位于内侧面IS上的不同位置，当其他结构(例如，第一泄压孔111c、第二泄压孔111d等)固定时(例如，第一泄压孔111c在上侧面US的中心，第二泄压孔111d在下侧面LS上靠近连接端CE的位置(例如，在发声部11的长轴方向Y上，第二泄压孔111d与连接端CE的距离不大于发声部11总长度的1/3))，出声孔111a正前方(即X方向的反方向)15mm处仿真得的频率响应曲线。请参照图13B，当出声孔111a位于内侧面IS上的不同位置时，发声部11的频率响应曲线在4kHz-6kHz范围内具有第一谐振峰，且在4.5kHz左右具有第二谐振峰。其中，第一谐振峰由前腔114谐振产生，第二谐振峰由后腔116谐振产生。对比位置(0，0)、(0，5)以及(0，7)对应的频率响应曲线可知，当出声孔111a的位置向Py1轴正方向移动时，发声部11的第一谐振峰由高频向低频移动，且对应的频率响应曲线在中低频(例如，100Hz-1500Hz)的幅值减小。而由于泄压孔的位置和结构等参数不变，后腔116的振动特性基本不变，图13B所示的第二谐振峰变化不大。另外，当出声孔111a的位置向Py1轴正方向移动时，例如，当出声孔111a的位置为(0，7)时，发声部11的频率响应曲线在4kHz-6kHz范围还具有较低的谐振谷V。由此，为了使得第一谐振峰的频率尽可能高，并且前腔对应的频率响应在中低频有更高的幅值，出声孔111a可以位于内侧面IS的中心的背离Py1轴正方向的一侧，例如，出声孔111a可以更靠近发声部11的自由端FE。通过设置出声孔111a与发声部11的自由端FE之间的距离，可以提升发声部11在中低频的幅值，且使得发声部11在较宽的频率范围内具有平滑的频率响应曲线，提高发声部11的整体(例如，在100Hz-10000Hz范围内)输出效果。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的第三中心与后侧面RS(或自由端FE)的距离可以在8mm-12mm范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的第三中心与后侧面RS(自由端FE)的距离可以在9mm-11mm范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的第三中心与后侧面RS(自由端FE)的距离可以在10mm-11mm范围内。在一些实施例中，为了提升耳机的美观度及佩戴舒适度，发声部11的后侧面RS可以为弧面。当后侧面RS为弧面时，某位置(例如，出声孔112的第三中心)到后侧面RS的距离可以指该位置到后侧面RS的距发声部11的中心最远且平行于发声部11短轴的切面的距离。对比位置(0，0)、(2，0)以及(4，0)对应的频率响应曲线可知，当出声孔111a的位置向Px1轴正方向移动时，发声部11的谐振峰由高频向低频移动，且对应的频率响应曲线在中低频(例如，100Hz-1500Hz)的幅值减小。由此，为了使得第一谐振峰的频率尽可能高，并且前腔对应的频率响应在中低频有更高的幅值，出声孔111a可以位于内侧面IS的中心的背离Px1轴正方向的一侧，例如，出声孔111a可以更靠近发声部11的下侧面LS。通过设置出声孔111a与下侧面LS的距离，可以提升发声部11在中低频的幅值，且使得发声部11在较宽的频率范围内具有平滑的频率响应曲线，提高发声部11的整体(例如，在100Hz-10000Hz范围内)输出效果。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的第三中心与发声部11的下侧面LS的距离可以在3mm-8mm范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的第三中心与发声部11的下侧面LS的距离可以在4mm-6mm范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的第三中心与发声部11的下侧面LS的距离可以在4.5mm-5.5mm范围内。
图14A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔的示例性位置示意图，图14B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同位置的第一泄压孔对应的频率响应曲线图。在一些实施例中，图14B所示的各曲线为仿真曲线。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d可以设置在壳体111上与后腔116对应的区域内。由此，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d在X方向上的位置与后腔116的尺寸相关。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心(或第二泄压孔111d的第二中心)与内侧面IS的距离可以在4mm-8mm范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与内侧面IS的距离可以在5mm-7mm范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与内侧面IS的距离可以在5mm-6mm范围内。在一些实施例中，在X方向上，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与第二泄压孔111d的第二中心的位置可以视为相对固定，仅考虑第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与第二泄压孔111d的第二中心在Y方向上的不同位置。相应地，图14A和14B所述的第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的位置可以指第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d沿Y方向的不同位置。
请参照图14A，在上侧面US中，以上侧面US在Y方向上尺寸的中点为原点、Y方向的反方向为Px2轴正方向、X方向的反方向为Py2轴正方向建立坐标系。其中，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心的Py2可以视为固定值，仅考虑不同Px2对应的不同位置。第一泄压孔111c的第一中心在上侧面US上的位置可以表示为(Px2，Py2)，单位为mm。例如，(4，Py2)表示在Px2轴正方向上，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与原点距离为4mm。在一些实施例中，基于第一泄压孔111c的第一中心的Px2，可以确定第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与发声部11的自由端FE的距离。
图14B示出了当第一泄压孔111c位于上侧面US上的不同位置，当其他结构(例如，出声孔111a、第二泄压孔111d等)固定时(例如，出声孔111a位于内侧面IS的中心，第二泄压孔111d位于下侧面LS上靠近连接端CE的位置)，出声孔111a正前方(即X方向的反方向)15mm处仿真得的频率响应曲线。如图14B所示，当第一泄压孔111c位于上侧面US上的不同位置时，发声部11的频率响应曲线在4.5kHz左右具有第一谐振峰(如图14B中虚线圈A所示)且在5.5kHz左右具有第二谐振峰(如图14B中虚线圈B所示)。其中，第一谐振峰由后腔116谐振产生，第二谐振峰由前腔114谐振产生。当第一泄压孔111c的Px2逐渐从-3.2mm增大至3.2mm时(即第一泄压孔111c沿Y方向的反方向移动)，发声部11的频率响应曲线的第一谐振峰由低频向高频有较小幅度的移动。而由于出声孔111a的位置不变，前腔114的振动特性基本不变，第二谐振峰变化不大。由此，为了使得第一谐振峰的频率尽可能高，第一泄压孔111c可以位于上侧面US的中心的朝向Px2正方向的一侧，例如，第一泄压孔111c可以位于上侧面US在Y方向上尺寸的中点位置或更靠近发声部11的自由端FE，从而可以使得发声部11在较宽的频率范围内具有平滑的频率响应曲线，提高发声部11的整体(例如，在100Hz-10000Hz范围内)输出效果。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与后侧面RS(自由端FE)的距离可以在11mm-15mm范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与后侧面RS(自由端FE)的距离可以在12mm-14mm范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与后侧面RS(自由端FE)的距离可以在13mm-14mm范围内。
图15A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第二泄压孔的示例性位置示意图，图15B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同位置的第二泄压孔对应的频率响应曲线图。在一些实施例中，图15B所示的各曲线为仿真曲线。
请参照图15A，在下侧面LS中，以下侧面LS在Y方向上尺寸的中点为原点、Y方向的反方向为Px3轴正方向、X方向的反方向为Py3轴正方向建立坐标系。其中，第二泄压孔111d的第二中心的Py3可以视为固定值，仅考虑不同Px3对应的不同位置。第二泄压孔111d的第二中心在下侧面LS上的位置可以表示为(Px3，Py3)，单位为mm。例如，(-2，Py2)表示在Px3轴负方向上，第二泄压孔111d的第二中心距离原点2mm。在一些实施例中，基于第二泄压孔111d的第二中心的Px3，即可确定第二泄压孔111d的第二中心与发声部11的自由端FE的距离。
图15B示出了当第二泄压孔111d位于下侧面LS上的不同位置，当其他结构(例如，出声孔111a、第一泄压孔111c等)固定时(例如，出声孔111a位于内侧面IS的中心，第一泄压孔111c位于上侧面US的中心)，出声孔111a正前方(即X方向的反方向)15mm处仿真得的频率响应曲线。如图15B所示，当第二泄压孔111d位于下侧面LS上的不同位置时，发声部11的频率响应曲线在4.5kHz左右具有第一谐振峰(如图15B中虚线圈C所示)且在5.5kHz左右具有第二谐振峰(如图15B中虚线圈D所示)。当第二泄压孔111d的第二中心的Px3逐渐从-4.5mm增大至-1mm时(即第二泄压孔111d沿Y方向的反方向移动)，发声部11的频率响应曲线的第一谐振峰由低频向高频有较小幅度的移动，第二峰值变化不大。当第二泄压孔111d的第二中心的Px3逐渐从-1mm增大至4.5mm时(即第二泄压孔111d继续沿Y方向的反方向移动)，发声部11的频率响应曲线的第一谐振峰由高频向低频有较小幅度的移动，第二峰值变化不大。在一些实施例中，结合图11和图12及其描述，第一泄压孔111c可以相较于第二泄压孔111d更远离连接端CE。也就是说，相较于第一泄压孔111c，第二泄压孔111d可以更远离自由端FE。由此，可以通过设置第二泄压孔111d与自由端FE的距离，在满足结构设计的基础上，保证发声部11的整体(例如，在100Hz-10000Hz范围内)输出效果。例如，第一泄压孔111c可以位于上侧面US在Y方向上尺寸的中点位置或更靠近发声部11的连接端CE的位置。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的第二中心与后侧面RS(自由端FE)的距离可以在15mm-18mm范围内。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的第二中心与后侧面RS(自由端FE)的距离可以在16mm-17.5mm范围内。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的第二中心与后侧面RS(自由端FE)的距离可以在16mm-17mm范围内。
在一些实施例中，前腔114与出声孔111a(或者后腔116与第一泄压孔111c和/或第二泄压孔111d)可以近似看作一个亥姆霍兹共振腔模型。以前腔114为例，前腔114可以为亥姆霍兹共振腔模型 的腔体，出声孔111a为亥姆霍兹共振腔模型的颈部。该亥姆霍兹共振腔模型的共振频率为前腔114的谐振频率f1。
在亥姆霍兹共振腔模型中，颈部(例如，出声孔111a)的尺寸可以影响到腔体(例如，前腔114)的谐振频率f，具体关系如公式(1)所示：
其中，c代表声速，S代表颈部(例如出声孔111a)的开口面积(或称为横截面积)，V代表腔体(例如前腔114)的体积，L代表颈部(例如出声孔111a)的深度。对于前腔114，其谐振频率为f1，则出声孔111a的开口面积可以为S1，前腔114的体积可以为V1，出声孔111a的深度可以为L1。需要知道的是，壳体111的各个侧壁均具有一定厚度，因此，声学孔均为具有一定深度的孔洞。此时，每个声学孔均具有内开口和外开口。为便于描述，在本说明书中，出声孔的开口面积可以指出声孔的内开口的面积，泄压孔的面积可以指泄压孔的内开口的面积。
为了提升开放式耳机10的出声效果，发声部11的频率响应曲线需要具有较宽的平坦区域，因此前腔114的谐振频率f1可以设置较高，以增大前腔114的频率响应曲线的平坦区域的范围。在一些实施例中，前腔114的谐振频率f1可以在1kHz-10kHz范围内。在一些实施例中，前腔114的谐振频率f1可以在4kHz-7kHz范围内。在一些实施例中，前腔114的谐振频率f1可以在6kHz以上。
由公式(1)可知，当增加出声孔111a的开口面积S1或减小出声孔111a的深度L1时，前腔114的谐振频率f1向高频移动。
在振膜1121振动过程中，前腔114中的空气随着振膜1121的振动而被压缩或膨胀，所述被压缩或膨胀的空气可以带动出声孔处的空气柱来回运动，进而引起空气柱向外辐射声音。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a内的空气柱具有质量，所述质量可以对应出声孔111a的声质量。所述声质量可以作为声阻抗的一部分，从而影响发声部11的声学输出。由此，出声孔111a的尺寸也会对出声孔111a的声质量Ma造成影响，具体关系如公式(2)所示：
其中，ρ代表空气密度。
由公式(2)可知，出声孔111a的开口面积S1增加或深度L1减小，出声孔111a的声质量Ma减小。
图16是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同横截面积的出声孔对应的发声部11的频率响应曲线图。如图16所示，当出声孔111a的横截面积S从2.875mm2增大至46mm2时，出声孔111a的声质量Ma从800kg/m4减小到50kg/m4，前腔114的谐振频率f1从4kHz左右逐渐升高至8kHz左右。需要注意的是，图16中所示的200kg/m4和800kg/m4等参数仅代表出声孔111a的理论声质量，与出声孔111a的实际声质量可能会存在误差。
为了在提高前腔114的谐振频率f1的同时，保证出声孔111a的声质量Ma，出声孔111a的开口面积S1需要具有合适的取值范围内。另外，出声孔111a的开口面积过大，可能对开放式耳机100的外观、结构强度等其他方面产生一定的影响。由此，在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的开口面积S1的取值范围可以为2.875mm2-46mm2。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的开口面积S1的取值范围可以为8mm2-30mm2。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的开口面积S1的取值范围可以为10mm2-26mm2。仅作为示例，出声孔111a的开口面积S1的取值可以为11mm2-15mm2(例如，11.49mm2)。再例如，出声孔111a的开口面积S1的取值可以为25mm2-26mm2(例如，25.29mm2)。
图17是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同深度的出声孔对应的前腔114的频率响应曲线图。如图17所示，出声孔111a的深度L1从0.3mm增加至3mm时，出声孔111a的声质量Ma从100kg/m4增加到1000kg/m4，前腔114的谐振频率f1从7kHz左右降低至3.7kHz左右。
为了保证前腔114具有足够大的谐振频率，出声孔111a的深度L1的取值越小越好。但是由于出声孔111a设置于壳体111上，因此出声孔111a的深度即为壳体111的厚度。壳体111的厚度过小时，可能会对开放式耳机10的结构强度造成影响，且相应的加工工艺难度较高。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的深度L1的取值范围可以为0.3mm-3mm。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的深度L1的取值范围可以为0.3mm-2mm。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的深度L1的取值可以为0.3mm-1mm。
在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的横截面积S1的取值范围为2.875mm2-46mm2，出声孔111a的深度L1的取值范围可以为0.3mm-3mm时，对应的出声孔111a的横截面积S1与深度L1的平方之比S1/L1 2的取值范围可以为0.31-512.2。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的横截面积S1与深度L1的平方之比S1/L1 2的取值范围可以为1-400。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的横截面积S1与深度L1的平方之比 S1/L1 2的取值范围可以为3-300。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的横截面积S1与深度L1的平方之比S1/L1 2的取值范围可以为5-200。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的横截面积S1与深度L1的平方之比S1/L1 2的取值范围可以为10-50。
在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的形状也会对出声孔111a的声阻造成影响。例如，出声孔111a越狭长，出声孔111a的声阻也较大，不利于前腔114的声学输出。因此，为了保证出声孔111a产生较好的低频输出，也为了提高出声孔111a输出的声音音量，出声孔111a的长轴尺寸(即出声孔111a的横截面的长度Lf)与短轴尺寸(即出声孔111a的横截面的宽度Wf)之比(或称为出声孔111a的长宽比)需要在预设的适当取值范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的形状可以包括但不限于圆形、椭圆形、跑道形等。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a可以采用跑道形(如图12所示)，其中，跑道形的两端可以为劣弧形或半圆形。此时出声孔111a的长轴尺寸可以是指出声孔111a在Y方向上的最大尺寸，出声孔111a的短轴尺寸可以是指出声孔111a在Z方向上的最大尺寸。
图18是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的出声孔不同长宽比对应的频率响应曲线图。其中，图18中示出的为出声孔111a在同一横截面积(例如，S1＝22.5mm2)下的不同长宽比对应的频率响应曲线。图18所示的各曲线为仿真曲线。在一些实施例中，如图18所示，对于出声孔111a的长宽比(Lf/Wf)的不同取值，随着长宽比从1逐渐增大至10，前腔114的频响曲线在低频和中高频(例如，100Hz～3.5kHz)范围内的声压逐渐降低(例如，出声孔长宽比为10时在3kHz处的声压较出声孔长宽比为1时在3kHz处的声压低2.3dB)，其在高频的谐振频率逐渐向高频移动，谐振峰的幅值逐渐降低。在一些实施例中，当出声孔111a的横截面积一定时，为了保证前腔114的频响曲线在低频的频响较强，出声孔111a的横截面的长度Lf与宽度Wf之间的比值可以在1-10范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的横截面的长度Lf与宽度Wf之间的比值可以为2-7。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的横截面的长度Lf与宽度Wf之间的比值可以为2-3。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的横截面的长度Lf与宽度Wf之间的比值可以为2。
图19是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同长度的出声孔对应的频率响应曲线图。为了方便说明，这里将出声孔111a的横截面的长度Lf与宽度Wf之间的比值设为2，出声孔111a的形状为跑道形。出声孔111a的宽度固定时，通过出声孔111a的长度Lf可以确定相对应的开口面积S1。由图19可得，发声部11的频率响应曲线在4.5kHz左右具有第一谐振峰且在3.5kHz-10kHz范围内有变化的第二谐振峰。其中，第一谐振峰对应后腔116产生的谐振峰，第二谐振峰对应前腔114产生的谐振峰。随着出声孔111a的长度Lf从3mm逐渐增大至11mm(出声孔111a的开口面积S1也随之增大)，频响曲线的第二谐振峰逐渐向高频移动，第一谐振峰基本不变。其中，当出声孔111a的长度Lf增加到4mm(出声孔111a的开口面积S1增大至7.1416mm2)后，继续增加出声孔111a的长度Lf(出声孔111a的开口面积S1的增大)，频响曲线的第二谐振峰的峰值降低，此时第一谐振峰的峰值仍在4.5kHz左右。在一些实施例中，谐振峰向高频移动，可以增大频响曲线平坦区域的范围。同时峰值大的谐振峰也会使得开放式耳机10的高频更加充足，使得开放式耳机10有更好的音质。在一些实施例中，为了使得第二谐振峰的频率尽可能高，出声孔111a的长度Lf可以具有相对较大的取值，但同时为了不降低第二谐振峰对应的高频输出且考虑发声部11的结构稳定性，出声孔111a的长度Lf可以不大于17mm，出声孔111a的宽度Wf可以不大于10mm。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的长度Lf可以为2mm-11mm。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的长度Lf可以为3mm-11mm。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的长度Lf可以为3mm-16mm。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的长度Lf可以为5mm-13mm。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的长度Lf可以为6mm-9mm。
在一些实施例中，基于长度Lf以及长度Lf与宽度Wf之间的比值，可以确定出声孔111a的宽度Wf。例如，出声孔111a的横截面的长度Lf与宽度Wf之间的比值可以为2，则出声孔111a的宽度Wf可以为1.5mm-5.5mm。对应的跑道形的出声孔111a的面积可以为4.02mm2-54mm2。通过设置出声孔111a的长度Lf的范围，可以在增大频响曲线平坦区域的范围从而提升开放式耳机10音质的同时，兼顾发声部11的结构设计。仅作为示例，跑道形的出声孔111a的面积为11.5mm2左右，相应可以确定出声孔111a的长度Lf为5mm-6mm，出声孔111a的宽度Wf为2.5mm-3mm。结合图19可知，在该尺寸范围内，可以使得开放式耳机10在较宽频率范围具有平坦的频响曲线以及充足的高频输出；另外，该面积的取值相对较小，也有利于结构的稳定性。
图20是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同长度的跑道形出声孔和圆形出声孔对应的频率响应曲线图。图20所示的圆形出声孔的长度可以指圆形的直径。根据图20可知，圆形出声孔对应的频响曲线的变化趋势与跑道型出声孔的频响曲线相似。由此，为了增大频响曲线平坦区域的范围，同时考虑发声部11的结构设计，圆形出声孔的长度可以为2mm-17mm。在一些实施例中，圆形出声孔的长度 可以为3mm-16mm。在一些实施例中，圆形出声孔的长度可以为5mm-13mm。在一些实施例中，圆形出声孔的长度可以为6mm-9mm。继续参照图20，当长度相同时，相较于跑道型出声孔，圆形出声孔对应的频响曲线向低频移动，且圆形出声孔对应的声压幅值略大于跑道型出声孔对应的声压幅值。在一些实施例中，为了使开放式耳机10在较宽频率范围具有平坦的频响曲线，出声孔的形状可以选择跑道型。另外，跑道型出声孔的宽度较圆形出声孔更窄，更便于发声部11的外观和结构的设计。
图21是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的后腔的部分结构的示例性结构图。请参照图11与图21，在一些实施例中，支架115与换能器112之间可以围设形成第二声学腔体，所述第二声学腔体可以作为后腔116。
在一些实施例中，为了提升开放式耳机10的声学输出性能，后腔116的频率响应曲线需要具有较宽的平坦区域，因此后腔116的谐振频率f2可以设置地较大。在一些实施例中，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以在2kHz-8kHz范围内。在一些实施例中，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以在2kHz-6kHz范围内。在一些实施例中，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以在3kHz-5kHz范围内。在一些实施例中，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以为4.5kHz。在一些实施例中，为了使得由前述声学孔形成的第二漏音可以与出声孔111a在远场形成的第一漏音更好地相互抵消，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1接近或相等。在一些实施例中，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1的差值可以不大于2kHz。在一些实施例中，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1的差值可以不大于1kHz。在一些实施例中，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1的差值可以不大于500Hz。在一些实施例中，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1的差值可以不大于200Hz。
在一些实施例中，后腔116和前述壳体111上设置的声学孔(例如第一泄压孔111c和/或第二泄压孔111d)的结合同样可以看作一个亥姆霍兹共振腔模型。其中，后腔116可以作为亥姆霍兹共振腔模型的腔体，声学孔可以作为亥姆霍兹共振腔模型的颈部。所述亥姆霍兹共振腔模型的共振频率为后腔116的谐振频率f2，声学孔的开口面积可以为S2，后腔的体积可以为V2，声学孔的深度可以为L2。其中，S2可以与第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的开口面积相关，L2可以第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的深度相关。
由前文的公式(1)可知，当后腔116的体积V减小，后腔116的谐振频率f2增大。因此为了使后腔116具有足够大的谐振频率f2，后腔116的体积可以足够小。
但是后腔116的体积也会对后腔116的声容Ca造成影响，后腔116的声容Ca变化，会导致后腔116的容抗特性发生改变，进而影响到后腔116的振动特性。后腔116的体积与后腔116的声容Ca的具体关系如公式(3)所示：
其中，ρ代表空气密度，c代表声音速度，V代表后腔116的体积。
结合公式(1)与公式(3)可知，当后腔116的体积V增加，后腔116的声容Ca增加，对应的后腔116的谐振频率f2减小。为了使得后腔116的谐振频率f2较大，后腔116的体积和声容应该较小，也就是说，后腔116的体积V需要具有适当的取值范围。
如图21所示，在一些实施例中，后腔116的截面可以由两个垂直的边和一个曲边构成，连接曲边的两个端点，可以将该截面(例如，截面ABC)近似看作一个三角形。其中，斜边AC由支架115上形成的曲面与两条直边接触形成的两个端点的连线构成，两个直边AB与BC由换能器112的盆架1123构成，其中斜边AC与直边BC之间具有夹角α。在一些实施例中，由于换能器112的盆架1123在直边BC所在区域上需要设置透声孔(未示出)，为保证声学性能，直边BC的长度可以视为不变，可以通过调整直边AB的长度，从而调节夹角α的大小，进而改变三角形ABC的面积以调节后腔116的体积。在一些实施例中，由于透声孔的限制，直边BC的长度不小于0.67mm。在一些实施例中，直边BC的长度可以不小于0.7mm。在一些实施例中，由于夹角α的取值具有范围限制，因此后腔116的体积V的取值也具有范围限制。
图22是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的不同大小的夹角α对应的后腔的频率响应曲线图。如图22所示，当减小直边AB的长度以使夹角α从67.6°减小至45°时，后腔116的体积V减小，对应的后腔116的声容Ca从7×10-12m3/Pa减小至2.88×10-12m3/Pa，但是后腔116的谐振频率f2从4.5kHz左右增大至6kHz左右。当增大直边AB的长度以使夹角α从67.6°增大至79.11°时，后腔116的体积V增大，对应的后腔116的声容Ca从7×10-12m3/Pa增大至15×10-12m3/Pa，但是后腔116的谐振频率f2从4.5kHz左右减小至3kHz左右。需要说明的是，图22中所示的7×10-12m3/Pa、15×10-12m3/Pa等参数仅代表理论上后腔116的体积所对应的声容值，与实际数据可能存在误差。在一些实施例中，为了使后腔116具有相对较大的谐振频率f2，后腔116中的夹角α的取值范围可以为45°-80°。在一些实施例中， 后腔116中的夹角α的取值范围可以为60°-70°。在一些实施例中，后腔116中的夹角α的取值范围可以为67°-68°。
在一些实施例中，结合图11和图12及其描述，出声孔111a的第三中心位于第一泄压孔111c的第一中心与第二泄压孔111d的第二中心连线的中垂面上或是中垂面的附近，出声孔111a在Z方向上位于壳体111靠近第二泄压孔111d的一侧而非中间位置。而由于出声孔111a靠近外耳道设置，因此第二泄压孔111d距离外耳道更近，第一泄压孔111c距离外耳道更远。相较于第一泄压孔111c，第二泄压孔111d传出的声波更容易与出声孔111a传出的声波在近场相消。因此，第二泄压孔111d处的声压幅值可以小于第一泄压孔111c处的声压幅值，进而增大耳道处的听音音量。在一些实施例中，相较于第一泄压孔111c，第二泄压孔111d的声阻可以较大。例如，第二泄压孔111d的尺寸可以小于第一泄压孔111c的尺寸，从而使第二泄压孔111d的声阻可以具有相对较大的声阻。例如，第一泄压孔111c的面积可以大于第二泄压孔111d的面积。
图23A是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的声阻变化示意图，图23B是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的声质量变化示意图，图23C是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的辐射声阻变化示意图，图23D是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的辐射声质量变化示意图，图24A-图24E是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔与第二泄压孔的不同面积比对应的后腔的频率响应曲线图。需要说明的是，图23A-图23D中的声阻、声质量、辐射声阻以及辐射声质量还随频率发生变化，因此图23A-图23D中所示的取值均为1kHz处的声阻、声质量、辐射声阻以及辐射声质量。图23A-图23D以及图24A-图24E中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比改变，但是第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的总面积不变。其中，辐射声阻可以指声源(例如，第一泄压孔111c和/或第二泄压孔111d)因向外辐射声音而产生的阻抗，可以用于描述声源的辐射特性。辐射声阻可以包括辐射阻和辐射抗，其中，辐射阻加了声源辐射声音时的阻尼作用和能耗，辐射抗可以等效于在声源表面质量上附加了一个辐射质量，即辐射声质量。在一些实施例中，辐射声阻和/或辐射声质量越大，表示声源在辐射声音时克服的阻力和/或消耗的能量越大在一些实施例中，辐射声阻和辐射声质量可以如公式(5)和公式(6)所示：

其中，Z代表辐射声阻，ρ代表空气密度，c代表声速，S代表声源对应的面积(例如，第一泄压孔111c和/或第二泄压孔111d的面积)，M代表辐射声质量。由如公式(5)和公式(6)可知，辐射声阻和辐射声质量可以与声源对应的面积相关(例如，负相关)。
由图23A-图23D可知，随着第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比从1逐渐增大至5，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的总声阻(即第一泄压孔111c的声阻与第二泄压孔111d1的声阻之和)、总声质量、总辐射声阻、总辐射声质量均逐渐增大。且第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比为5时的总声阻远大于第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比为2时的总声阻。
由图24A-图24E可知，当第一泄压孔111c的面积大于第二泄压孔111d的面积时(例如，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比大于1时)，第二泄压孔111d处的声压幅值小于第一泄压孔111c处的声压幅值。另外，随着第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比从1逐渐增大至5，第二泄压孔111d处的频率响应曲线逐渐整体下移，位于第一泄压孔111c处的频率响应曲线的下方，且两条曲线的距离逐渐增大，即第二泄压孔111d的声压幅值与第一泄压孔111c的声压幅值的差值随着第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积的比值的增大而逐渐增大，由此，可以通过调整第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积的比值来调整第二泄压孔111d的声压幅值与第一泄压孔111c的声压幅值的差值范围。
结合图23A-24E，可以通过设置第一泄压孔111c的面积大于第二泄压孔111d的面积，使得第二泄压孔111d处的声阻大于第一泄压孔111c处的声阻，第二泄压孔111d处的声压幅值小于第一泄压孔111c处的声压幅值，进而可以减小第二泄压孔111d的漏音，增大耳道处的听音音量。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的之间的声阻差异过大时，可能使第二泄压孔111d处的声压过小，从而影响第二泄压孔111d传播出的声波远场的降漏音效果。另外，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的之间的声阻差异过大时，可能不利于破坏后腔中的驻波，从而不利于提高两个泄压孔导出至壳体111外部的声音的谐振频率。因此，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比不宜过大。在一些实施例中，为了使后腔116的频率响应曲线具有较大范围的平坦区域，同时保证耳道处的听音音量， 第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比可以小于5。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比的取值范围可以为1-4。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比的取值范围可以为1-3。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比的取值范围可以为1.2-1.9。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比的取值范围可以为1.4-1.7。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的面积也可以等于第二泄压孔111d的面积。例如，如图3所示，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的自由端FE可以不伸入耳甲腔内。所述发声部11的第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的面积比可以为1。
在一些实施例中，泄压孔(例如，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d)的形状也会对泄压孔的声质量造成影响。另一方面，狭长形状的泄压孔的声阻也较大，不利于后腔116的声学输出。因此，泄压孔的长轴尺寸与短轴尺寸之比需要在预设的适当取值范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的形状可以包括但不限于圆形、椭圆形、跑道形等。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d可以采用跑道形(如图12所示)，其中，跑道形的两端可以为劣弧形或半圆形。此时第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的长轴尺寸(即各自对应横截面的长度)可以是指第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d在Y方向上的尺寸，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d的短轴尺寸(即各自对应横截面的宽度)可以是指第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d在Z方向上的尺寸。
在一些实施例中，由于第一泄压孔111c以及第二泄压孔111d与后腔116连通。根据公式(1)可知，后腔116的体积过大时不利于提高后腔116的谐振频率。而由于后腔116体积的限制，泄压孔的宽度不宜过大。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的宽度Wm的取值范围可以为1mm-3mm，第二泄压孔111d的宽度Wn的取值范围可以为1mm-3mm。
图25是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔不同长度取值时的频率响应曲线图。如图25所示，当第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm为0mm时，表示第一泄压孔111c堵塞，发声部11对应的频率响应曲线的第一谐振峰(如图25中虚线圈G所示)的频率在3kHz左右，频率响应曲线的平坦区域范围较小，且平坦区域(例如，300Hz-2500Hz)对应的幅值较小，第二谐振峰(如图25中虚线圈H所示)在5.5kHz附近。其中，第一谐振峰由后腔116谐振产生，第二谐振峰由前腔114谐振产生。当第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm从2mm逐渐增大至8mm时，第一谐振峰逐渐向高频移动，例如从3.8kHz左右逐渐增大至4.7kHz左右，第二谐振峰位置基本不变。
在一些实施例中，可以使后腔116的谐振频率f2具有较大的取值，从而使频响曲线具有较大范围的平坦区域，提升开放式耳机10的输出性能。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm可以大于4mm。由于当第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm增加至8mm后，频率响应曲线的谐振频率向高频变化较为缓慢，变化不明显。在一些实施例中，为了提高壳体111的稳定性以及第一泄压孔的防水性和防尘性，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm可以小于8mm。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm可以在4mm-8mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm可以在5mm-7mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm可以在5mm-6mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，通过使后腔116的谐振频率f2(即图25中的第一谐振峰对应的频率)有较大的取值，还可以使后腔116谐振频率f2与前腔的谐振频率f1(即图25中的第二谐振峰对应的频率)相接近，一方面可以实现更好地远场降漏音的效果，另一方面也可以避免发声部11的频率响应出现较多的峰谷，从而提升开放式耳机10的声音输出性能。
结合上述的第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm以及宽度Wm的取值范围，可以确定第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值，使后腔116对应的频响曲线具有较大范围的平坦区域，提升开放式耳机10的声音输出性能。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值可以在1.3-8范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值可以在2-7范围内。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值可以在3-6范围内。
在一些实施例中，基于第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm以及宽度Wm的取值范围，可以确定第一泄压孔111c的开口面积范围。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的开口面积范围可以为3.7mm2-23mm2。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的开口面积范围可以为4mm2-22mm2。在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的开口面积范围可以为10mm2-20mm2。
图26是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第二泄压孔不同长度取值时的频率响应曲线图。如图26所示，当第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln为0mm时，表示第二泄压孔111d堵塞，发声部11对应的频率响应曲线的第一谐振峰(如图26中虚线圈I所示)频率在2.4kHz左右，频率响应曲线的平坦区域范围较小，且平坦区域(例如，300Hz-2500Hz)对应的幅值较小，第二谐振峰(如图26中虚线圈J所示) 在5.5kHz附近。其中，第一谐振峰由后腔116谐振产生，第二谐振峰由前腔114谐振产生。当第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln从3mm逐渐增大至6mm时，第一谐振峰逐渐向高频移动，从4.4kHz左右逐渐增大至4.9kHz左右，第二谐振峰位置基本不变。
为了使第一谐振频率具有较大的取值，从而使频率响应曲线具有较大范围的平坦区域，提升开放式耳机10的输出性能，在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln可以大于3mm。由于当第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln增加至6mm后，频率响应曲线的谐振频率向高频变化较为缓慢，变化不明显。在一些实施例中，为了提高壳体111的稳定性以及第二泄压孔的防水性和防尘性，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln可以小于6mm。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln可以在2mm-6mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln可以在3mm-6mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln可以在4mm-5mm的范围内。在一些实施例中，通过使后腔116的谐振频率f2(即图26中的第一谐振峰对应的频率)有较大的取值，还可以使后腔116谐振频率f2与前腔的谐振频率f1(即图26中的第二谐振峰对应的频率)相接近，一方面可以实现更好地远场降漏音的效果，另一方面也以避免发声部11的频率响应出现较多的峰谷，从而提升开放式耳机10的声音输出性能。
结合上述的第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln以及宽度Wn的取值范围，可以确定第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值，使后腔116对应的频响曲线具有较大范围的平坦区域，提升开放式耳机10的声音输出性能。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值可以在1-6范围内。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值可以在2-5范围内。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值可以在3-4范围内。
在一些实施例中，基于第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln以及宽度Wn的取值范围，可以确定第二泄压孔111d的开口面积范围。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的开口面积范围可以为2.5mm2-17mm2。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的开口面积范围可以为2mm2-16mm2。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的开口面积范围可以为4mm2-14mm2。在一些实施例中，第二泄压孔111d的开口面积范围可以为6mm2-10mm2。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wx之间的比值可以大于第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值。例如，在第一泄压孔111c的宽度Wm与第二泄压孔111d的宽度Wn接近的情况下，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值大于第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值可以使得第一泄压孔111c的面积大于第二泄压孔111d的面积，从而使第一泄压孔111c的声阻相对较小。相应地，第二泄压孔111d处的声压幅值可以小于第一泄压孔111c处的声压幅值，从而以减小第二泄压孔111d的漏音，增大耳道处的听音音量。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值可以小于第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值。例如，在第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln接近的情况下，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值小于第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值可以使得第一泄压孔111c的面积大于第二泄压孔111d的面积，从而使第一泄压孔111c的声阻相对较小。相应地，第二泄压孔111d处的声压幅值可以小于第一泄压孔111c处的声压幅值，从而以减小第二泄压孔111d的漏音，增大耳道处的听音音量。
在一些实施例中，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值可以等于第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值。例如，如图3所示，在佩戴状态下，发声部11的自由端FE可以不伸入耳甲腔内。所述发声部11第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm与宽度Wm之间的比值可以等于第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln与宽度Wn之间的比值。相应地，第一泄压孔111c的声阻可以等于第二泄压孔111d的声阻。
在一些实施例中，为了使得由声学孔形成的第二漏音可以与出声孔111a在远场形成的第一漏音更好地相互抵消，后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1接近或相等。根据公式(1)，前腔114的谐振频率f1与后腔116的谐振频率f2的比值为：
根据公式(4)，前腔114的谐振频率f1与后腔116的谐振频率f2之间的比值可以与前后腔的体积之比、出声孔开口面积与声学孔开口面积之比、以及出声孔深度与声学孔深度之比相关。可以基于其中部分参数(例如，出声孔开口面积与声学孔开口面积之比)设置其他参数(例如，前后腔的体积之比)的范围，使得声学孔形成的第二漏音可以与出声孔111a在远场形成的第一漏音更好地相互抵消，改善开放式耳机10的输出效果。
图27是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的前后腔体积比、出声孔开口面积与声学孔开口面积之 比的等值线图。在一些实施例中，如图27所示，前后腔体的谐振频率之间的比值的范围可以与出声孔的面积与泄压孔的面积之间的比值以及前后腔体的体积之间的比值相关。由此，可以通过设置出声孔的面积与泄压孔的面积之间的比值以及前后腔体的体积之间的比值，使得前后腔体的谐振频率之间的比值在目标范围内。例如，请参照图27，如果使前腔114的谐振频率f1与后腔116的谐振频率f2的比值f1/f2的取值范围为0.1-3，出声孔111a的开口面积S1可以小于第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积，例如，出声孔111a的开口面积S1与第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积S2之间的比值S1/S2可以在0.1-0.99范围内，后腔116的体积V2与前腔114的体积V1的比值V2/V1的取值范围可以为0.1-10。再例如，如果使前腔114的谐振频率f1与后腔116的谐振频率f2的比值f1/f2的取值范围可以为0.5-2，则出声孔111a的开口面积S1与第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积S2之间的比值S1/S2可以在0.2-0.7之间，后腔116的体积V2与前腔114的体积V1的比值V2/V1的取值范围可以为1-7。
在一些实施例中，出声孔111a的开口面积S1可以大于第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积。例如，出声孔111a的开口面积S1与第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积S2之间的比值S1/S2可以在1-10范围内，后腔116的体积V2与前腔114的体积V1的比值V2/V1的取值范围可以为0.1-10，根据图27，对应的前腔114的谐振频率f1与后腔116的谐振频率f2的比值f1/f2的取值范围可以为0.5-10。再例如，出声孔111a的开口面积S1与第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积S2之间的比值S1/S2可以在3-9之间，后腔116的体积V2与前腔114的体积V1的比值V2/V1的取值范围可以为2-6，根据图27，前腔114的谐振频率f1与后腔116的谐振频率f2的比值f1/f2的取值范围可以为1-8。
在一些实施例中，参考图27所示的等值线，可以基于V2/V1确定S1/S2的取值范围，或者，可以基于S1/S2确定V2/V1的取值范围，使得后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1接近或相等，进而使得声学孔形成的第二漏音可以与出声孔111a在远场形成的第一漏音更好地相互抵消，改善开放式耳机10的输出效果。例如，根据公式(1)可知，为了使后腔116具有足够大的谐振频率f2，后腔116的体积V2可以相对较小，例如，V2/V1可以小于1。结合图27，如果使后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1接近或相等(例如，f1/f2值约为1)，S1/S2的取值范围可以为1-2.5。
仅作为示例，前腔114的体积V1可以在190mm3-220mm3范围内；后腔116的体积V2可以在60mm3-80mm3范围内。相应地，在一些实施例中，V2/V1的值可以在0.2-0.4范围内。在一些实施例中，V2/V1的值可以在0.25-0.45范围内。
在一些实施例中，结合图16-图26的相关的描述，可以调整出声孔111a的开口面积S1与第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积S2之间的比值S1/S2的范围，使得开放式耳机具有较好的输出效果。例如，出声孔111a的长度Lf可以3mm-11mm，出声孔111a的横截面的长度Lf与宽度Wf之间的比值为2，对应的跑道形的出声孔111a的面积可以为4.02mm2-54mm2。第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm可以为6mm，宽度Wm可以为1.5mm，对应的第一泄压孔111c的面积可以为8.51mm2，第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln可以为3mm，宽度Wn可以为1.5mm，对应的第二泄压孔111d的面积可以为4.02mm2。由此，出声孔a的开口面积S1与第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积S2之间的比值S1/S2可以为0.32-4.31。再例如，第一泄压孔111c的长度Lm可以为2mm-8mm，宽度Wm可以为1.5mm，第一泄压孔111c的面积为2.517mm2-11.5171mm2；第二泄压孔111d的长度Ln可以为3mm-6mm，宽度Wn可以为1.5mm，第二泄压孔111d的面积为4.017mm2-8.5171mm2。出声孔111a的长度Lf可以为5mm，宽度Wf可以为2.5mm，对应的面积S1为11.16mm2。由此，出声孔a的开口面积S1与第一泄压孔111c和第二泄压孔111d的总开口面积S2之间的比值为0.56-1.71。
结合图27，当V2/V1在0.25-0.45范围内，S1/S2在0.32-4.31范围内时，f1/f2在0.5-1.5范围内；当V2/V1在0.25-0.45范围内，S2/S2在0.56-1.71范围内时，f1/f2值在0.5-0.9范围内。可以看出，可以基于上述范围确定体积比和/或面积比，使得后腔116的谐振频率f2可以与前腔114的谐振频率f1接近或相等。
图28是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的出声孔处不同音量对应的频率响应曲线图，图29是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第一泄压孔处不同音量对应的频率响应曲线图，图30是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的第二泄压孔处处不同音量对应的频率响应曲线图。如图28-图30所示，随着音量从最大音量逐渐减小，出声孔111a处的声压、第一泄压孔111c处的声压、第二泄压孔111d处的声压均逐渐降低。
需要说明的是，出声孔111a处的声压、第一泄压孔111c处的声压、第二泄压孔111d处的声压，分别指与出声孔111a距离4mm处、与第一泄压孔111c距离4mm处、与第二泄压孔111d距离4 mm处的声压。在对各孔的声压进行测量的过程中，不对其他孔造成堵塞。例如，在测量出声孔111a处的声压时，第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d未被遮挡或堵塞。
在一些实施例中，结合图8-图10及其描述，通过设置类腔体结构，可以使泄压孔(第一泄压孔111c或第二泄压孔111d)发出的声波与出声孔111a产生的漏音在远场相消，从而有利于降低远场漏音，并且泄压孔发出的声波对近场听音影响较小。由此，在一些实施例中，可以使泄压孔(第一泄压孔111c或第二泄压孔111d)处的声压幅值与出声孔111a处的声压幅值接近，从而在有效降低远场漏音的同时不影响近场听音。在一些实施例中，为了有效降低远场漏音，在特定频率范围内(例如，在3.5kHz-4.5kHz范围内)，出声孔111a处的声压与第一泄压孔111c处声压之间的比值可以在0.8-1.2范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a处的声压与第一泄压孔111c处声压之间的比值可以在0.9-1.1范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a处的声压与第一泄压孔111c处的声压之间的比值可以在0.95-1.05范围内。在一些实施例中，为了有效降低远场漏音，出声孔111a处的声压与第二泄压孔111d处的声压之间的比值可以在0.8-1.2范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a处的声压与第二泄压孔111d处的声压之间的比值可以在0.9-1.1范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a处的声压与第二泄压孔111d处的声压之间的比值可以在0.95-1.05范围内。在一些实施例中，为了有效降低远场漏音，出声孔111a处的声压与第一泄压孔111c处和第二泄压孔111d处的总声压之间的比值可以在0.4-0.6范围内。在一些实施例中，出声孔111a处的声压与第一泄压孔111c处和第二泄压孔111d处的总声压之间的比值可以在0.45-0.55范围内。需要知道的是，所述的出声孔111a处的声压以及第一泄压孔111c处的声压、第二泄压孔111d处的声压，是指同一音量下对应频率处各自对应的声压。
结合图28-图30，在最大音量下，4000Hz时，出声孔111a的声压为103.54dB，第一泄压孔111c的声压为104.5dB，第二泄压孔111d的声压为100.74dB。此时，出声孔111a处的声压分别与第一泄压孔111c处的声压以及第二泄压孔111d处的声压接近，从而可以有效降低远场漏音。
请参照图11与图12，在一些实施例中，壳体111的内侧可以设置有一个或多个凹陷区1119，第一泄压孔111c和/或第二泄压孔111d和/或出声孔111a可以分别设置在凹陷区1119的底部。在一些实施例中，凹陷区1119内可以设置有声阻网118。设置于前腔114的声阻网118(即设置于与出声孔111a对应的凹陷区1119处的声阻网118)可以用于调节前腔114对应谐振峰的幅值，设置于后腔116的声阻网118(即设置于与第一泄压孔111c以及第二泄压孔111d对应的凹陷区1119处的声阻网118)可以用于调节后腔116的谐振峰的幅值。在一些实施例中，声阻网118也可以起到防水防尘作用。对于设置于后腔116的声阻网118，支架115可以将声阻网118压持在凹陷区1119的底部上，不仅有利于避免支架115在组装过程中刮到声阻网118，还有利于缩小支架115、声阻网118和壳体111之间的装配间隙，避免声阻网118晃动。在一些实施例中，声阻网118可以包括纱网、钢网或其组合。在一些实施例中，声阻网118可以通过胶粘等方式预固定在凹陷区1119的底部。在一些实施例中，前腔114设置的声阻网118与后腔116设置的声阻抗率可以相同，即出声孔111a处设置的声阻网118与至少两个泄压孔(例如第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d)处设置的声阻网118的声阻抗率可以相同。例如，为了便于结构装配(例如，降低物料种类和/或避免混料)，增加外观一致性，出声孔111a处与至少两个泄压孔处可以设置相同的声阻网118。在一些实施例中，前腔114设置的声阻网118与后腔116设置的声阻网118的声阻抗率也可以不同，即出声孔111a处设置的声阻网118与至少两个泄压孔(例如第一泄压孔111c与第二泄压孔111d)处设置的声阻网118的声阻抗率可以不同。例如，可以基于前腔114与后腔116的其他参数(例如，出声孔111a和/或泄压孔的面积(或面积比)、每个孔部的深度、长宽比等)，通过在前腔114和后腔116设置不同声阻抗率的声阻网118，达到预设的输出效果(例如，通过设置不同声阻抗率的声阻网118，使出声孔111a和泄压孔处输出的声压接近，从而可以有效降低远场漏音)。
在一些实施例中，不同声阻网118可能具有不同的厚度。在一些实施例中，声阻网118可以具有一定的厚度以维持其与发声部11之间的结构稳定性。而当声阻网118的厚度过大时，对应的声阻较大，相应的声学孔(例如出声孔111a、第一泄压孔111c、第二泄压孔111d)的声学输出性能会受到较大的影响。因此，声阻网118的厚度需要设置在一定范围内。以后腔116为例，在一些实施例中，设置于第一泄压孔111c处和第二泄压孔111d处的声阻网118的厚度范围可以为35μm-300μm。在一些实施例中，设置于第一泄压孔111c处和第二泄压孔111d处的声阻网118的厚度范围可以为40μm-150μm。在一些实施例中，设置于第一泄压孔111c处和第二泄压孔111d处的声阻网118的厚度范围可以为50μm-65μm。在一些实施例中，设置于第一泄压孔111c处和第二泄压孔111d处的声阻网118的厚度范围可以为55μm-62μm。在一些实施例中，设置于第一泄压孔111c处的声阻网118的上表面与壳体1111的外表面之间的距离可以为0.8mm-0.9mm，设置于第二泄压孔111d处的声阻网118的上表面与壳体 1111的外表面之间的距离可以为0.7mm-0.8mm。在一些实施例中，设置于第一泄压孔111c处的声阻网118的上表面与壳体1111的外表面之间的距离可以为0.82mm-0.88mm，设置于第二泄压孔111d处的声阻网118的上表面与壳体1111的外表面之间的距离可以为0.72mm-0.76mm。在一些实施例中，设置于第一泄压孔111c处的声阻网118的上表面与壳体1111的外表面之间的距离可以为0.86mm，设置于第二泄压孔111d处的声阻网118的上表面与壳体1111的外表面之间的距离可以为0.73mm。在一些实施例中，不同类型的声阻网118的网孔密度也可能不一样，导致对应声学孔的声阻不同，从而对对应声学腔体的输出造成影响。因此需要对声阻网118的组成及类型进行设计。
在一些实施例中，为了在防水、防尘的同时提高结构稳定性，可以在第一泄压孔111c和/或第二泄压孔111d和/或出声孔111a处使用钢网，也可以使用纱网和钢网的组合。图31A-图31F是根据本说明书一些实施例所示的前腔与后腔分别设置不同声阻网时对应的频率响应曲线图。其中，图31A所示为前腔仅设置不同钢网时的频率响应曲线图，图31B所示为前腔设置006纱网以及不同钢网时的频率响应曲线图，图31C所示为前腔设置010纱网以及不同钢网时的频率响应曲线图，图31D所示为前腔设置蚀刻钢网以及不同纱网时的频率响应曲线图，图31E所示为前腔设置006纱网与蚀刻钢网、后腔设置010纱网以及不同钢网时的频率响应曲线图，图31F所示为前腔设置006纱网与蚀刻钢网、后腔设置蚀刻钢网以及不同纱网时的频率响应曲线图。其中，对于不同的纱网，其对应的标称声阻抗率由小到大排序为：006纱网、010纱网；对于目数相同、类型不同的钢网，其对应的标称声阻抗率由小到大排序为：蚀刻钢网、钢网12、钢网14。其中，006、010为声阻参数，例如，006可以表示声阻抗率在6MKS rayls左右；目数可以指单位面积的声阻网上的孔眼数目，对于类型相同的声阻网，目数越大，对应的声阻抗率越大。
如图31A-图31E所示，随着声阻网118整体的声阻抗率增大，频率响应曲线逐渐下移，即对应输出声压减小，但是减小的幅度不明显。当前腔114设置蚀刻钢网时，对应的低频范围的频率响应曲线的起伏程度较小，峰谷较少，曲线较平滑。另外，如图31C或31D所示，当前腔114采用蚀刻钢网并设置010纱网或006纱网时，对应的低频范围的频率响应曲线的起伏程度相对较小，峰谷相对较少，曲线较为平滑。在一些实施例中，为了提高发声部11的频率响应曲线的平滑程度，同时使发声部11具有较大的输出声压，前腔114设置的声阻网118可以包括钢网(例如，蚀刻钢网)，所述钢网的目数可以在60-100范围内。在一些实施例中，前腔114设置的声阻网118可以包括钢网，所述钢网的目数可以在70-90范围内。在一些实施例中，为了提高发声部11的频率响应曲线的平滑程度，同时使发声部11具有较大的输出声压，前腔114设置的声阻网118可以包括纱网与钢网(例如，蚀刻钢网)，所述纱网的声阻抗率可以在2MKS rayls-50MKS rayls范围内，所述钢网的目数可以在60-100范围内。在一些实施例中，为了提高发声部11的频率响应曲线的平滑程度，同时使发声部11具有较大的输出声压，前腔114设置的声阻网118可以包括纱网与钢网，所述纱网的声阻抗率可以在5MKS rayls-20MKS rayls范围内，所述钢网的目数可以在70-90范围内。在一些实施例中，为了提高发声部11的频率响应曲线的平滑程度，同时使发声部11具有较大的输出声压，前腔114设置的声阻网118可以包括纱网与钢网，所述纱网的声阻抗率可以在6MKS rayls-10MKS rayls范围内，所述钢网的目数可以在75-85范围内。在一些实施例中，当前腔114设置的声阻网118包括钢网(例如，蚀刻钢网)或者纱网与钢网的组合时，所述钢网的声阻抗率可以在0.1MKS rayls-10MKS rayls范围内。在一些实施例中，所述钢网的声阻抗率可以在0.1MKS rayls-5MKS rayls范围内。在一些实施例中，所述钢网的声阻抗率可以在0.1MKS rayls-3 MKS rayls范围内。
本说明书使用仿真获得的频率响应曲线来说明发声部11具有不同配置时的发声特性。需要知道的是，在一些实施例中，频率响应曲线还可以通过测试设备(例如，电声测试仪)测得。所述测试设备可以包括信号激励设备和声音采集设备(例如，麦克风)。测试设备可以通过有线或无线(例如，蓝牙、WiFi等)的方式与耳机连接，其中的声音采集设备可以设置在发声部11附近(例如，出声孔111a正前方15mm处)。在测量时，测试设备可以向耳机发出激励信号从而使耳机产生声音耳机，并通过声音采集设备采集所述声音。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一个替代性实施例”并不一定是 指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
此外，本领域技术人员可以理解，本申请的各方面可以通过若干具有可专利性的种类或情况进行说明和描述，包括任何新的和有用的工序、机器、产品或物质的组合，或对他们的任何新的和有用的改进。相应地，本申请的各个方面可以完全由硬件执行、可以完全由软件(包括固件、常驻软件、微码等)执行、也可以由硬件和软件组合执行。以上硬件或软件均可被称为“数据块”、“模块”、“引擎”、“单元”、“组件”或“系统”。此外，本申请的各方面可能表现为位于一个或多个计算机可读介质中的计算机产品，该产品包括计算机可读程序编码。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种开放式耳机，其特征在于，包括：
    发声部，包括：
    换能器，包括振膜，用于在激励信号的作用下产生声音；以及
    壳体，所述壳体形成用于容纳所述换能器的腔体，其中，
    佩戴状态下，所述壳体朝向用户耳廓的内侧面上开设出声孔，用于将所述振膜前侧产生的声音导出所述壳体后传向所述耳道，
    所述壳体的其它侧壁上开设有至少两个泄压孔，所述至少两个泄压孔包括远离所述耳道的第一泄压孔和靠近所述耳道的第二泄压孔，所述第一泄压孔处的声压大于所述第二泄压孔处的声压。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第一泄压孔和所述第二泄压孔分别位于所述壳体的不同侧面上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第一泄压孔的面积与所述第二泄压孔的面积之间的比值在1-5范围内。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第一泄压孔的长轴尺寸与短轴尺寸之间的比值在1.3-8范围内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第二泄压孔的长轴尺寸与短轴尺寸之间的比值在1-6范围内。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第一泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值大于所述第二泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第一泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值小于所述第二泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第一泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值等于所述第二泄压孔的横截面的长度与宽度之间的比值。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述出声孔的面积与所述第一泄压孔和所述第二泄压孔的总面积之间的比值在0.1-0.99范围内。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述振膜将所述腔体分为分别与所述振膜前侧和后侧对应的前腔和后腔，其中，所述后腔的体积与所述前腔的体积之间的比值在0.1-10范围内。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述振膜将所述腔体分为分别与所述振膜前侧和后侧对应的前腔和后腔，其中，所述前腔的谐振频率与所述后腔的谐振频率之间的比值在0.1-5范围内。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述出声孔的面积与所述第一泄压孔和所述第二泄压孔的总面积之间的比值在1-10范围内。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述振膜将所述腔体分为分别与所述振膜前侧和后侧对应的前腔和后腔，其中，所述后腔的体积与所述前腔的体积之间的比值在0.1-10范围内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述振膜将所述腔体分为分别与所述振膜前侧和后侧对应的前腔和后腔，其中，所述前腔的谐振频率与所述后腔的谐振频率之间的比值在0.5-10范围内。
  15. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述出声孔的面积与所述出声孔的深度的平方之间的比值在0.31-512.2范围内。
  16. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述出声孔的长轴尺寸与短轴尺寸之间的比值在1-10范围内。
  17. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，在3.5kHz-4.5kHz范围内，所述出声孔处的声压与所述第一泄压孔处和所述第二泄压孔处的总声压之间的比值在0.4-0.6范围内。
  18. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，在3.5kHz-4.5kHz范围内，所述出声孔处的声压与所述第一泄压孔处的声压之间的比值在0.9-1.1范围内。
  19. 根据权利要求2所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，在3.5kHz-4.5kHz范围内，所述出声孔处的声压与所述第二泄压孔处的声压之间的比值在0.9-1.1范围内。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述出声孔处和所述至少两个泄压孔处分别设置声阻网。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，其中，所述出声孔处的声阻网与所述至少两个泄压孔处的声阻网的声阻抗率相同。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述出声孔处的声阻网与所述至少两个泄压孔处的声阻网的声阻抗率不同。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述出声孔处或所述至少两个泄压孔处设置的声阻网包括纱网或钢网。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述出声孔处的声阻网包括纱网和蚀刻钢网。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述纱网的声阻抗率在2MKS rayls-50MKS rayls范围内。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述钢网的声阻抗率在0.1MKS rayls-10MKS rayls范围内。
  27. 根据权利要求20所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第一泄压孔处的声阻网的朝向所述壳体外部的上表面与所述壳体的外表面之间的距离在0.8mm-0.9mm范围内。
  28. 根据权利要求20所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述第二泄压孔处的声阻网的朝向所述壳体外部的上表面与所述壳体的外表面之间的距离在0.7mm-0.8mm范围内。
  29. 根据权利要求20所述的开放式耳机，其特征在于，所述至少两个泄压孔处的所述声阻网的厚度在40μm-150μm范围内。
PCT/CN2023/079411 2014-01-06 2023-03-02 一种开放式耳机 Ceased WO2024087444A1 (zh)

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EP23881092.3A EP4462809A4 (en) 2022-10-28 2023-03-24 HEADPHONES
CN202380016775.5A CN118525526A (zh) 2022-10-28 2023-03-24 一种耳机
KR1020247027447A KR20240137618A (ko) 2022-10-28 2023-03-24 이어폰
CN202322160783.7U CN220693317U (zh) 2022-10-28 2023-03-24 一种耳机
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US18/334,401 US12452572B2 (en) 2022-10-28 2023-06-14 Earphones
US18/355,407 US20240147109A1 (en) 2022-10-28 2023-07-19 Open earphones
US18/468,676 US20240007804A1 (en) 2014-01-06 2023-09-15 Systems and methods for suppressing sound leakage
TW112135750A TWI881468B (zh) 2022-10-28 2023-09-19 一種耳機
US18/472,180 US12483842B2 (en) 2014-01-06 2023-09-21 Systems and methods for suppressing sound leakage
US18/476,225 US20240031725A1 (en) 2020-07-29 2023-09-27 Earphone
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CN115209285A (zh) * 2021-04-09 2022-10-18 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 一种耳机

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