WO2024096517A1 - 고체 전해질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 - Google Patents
고체 전해질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024096517A1 WO2024096517A1 PCT/KR2023/017117 KR2023017117W WO2024096517A1 WO 2024096517 A1 WO2024096517 A1 WO 2024096517A1 KR 2023017117 W KR2023017117 W KR 2023017117W WO 2024096517 A1 WO2024096517 A1 WO 2024096517A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/14—Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium compounds of phosphorus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
- C01P2004/82—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases
- C01P2004/84—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases two phases having the same anion, e.g. both oxidic phases one phase coated with the other
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/008—Halides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0094—Composites in the form of layered products, e.g. coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sulfide-based solid electrolyte having excellent moisture stability and ionic conductivity, a method of manufacturing the same, and an all-solid-state battery containing the same.
- All-solid-state batteries are batteries that replace the liquid electrolyte that fills between the anode and cathode of existing lithium secondary batteries with solid ones. They are safe because they do not pose the risk of explosion, and have a higher energy density than existing batteries, so they are attracting attention as next-generation batteries.
- the solid electrolyte used in all-solid-state batteries is a solid material that can conduct lithium ions in the battery, and has high ionic conductivity comparable to the electrolyte solution currently used in lithium secondary batteries.
- Core materials that make up solid electrolytes include polymers, sulfides, and oxides, but among them, sulfide-based solid electrolytes, which have high ductility and ionic conductivity, are considered suitable for manufacturing large, high-capacity batteries.
- sulfide-based solid electrolytes have a problem in that they are highly reactive to moisture and react with moisture in the atmosphere to generate hydrogen sulfide, a harmful gas. Accordingly, not only does toxic hydrogen sulfide adversely affect the safety of workers, but there is a problem that the ionic conductivity of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte itself decreases.
- the present invention was developed to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a solid electrolyte with excellent moisture stability without adversely affecting the resistance of the battery when included in the battery.
- the present invention aims to provide a method for producing the solid electrolyte.
- the present invention aims to provide an all-solid-state battery containing the above solid electrolyte.
- the present invention provides a solid electrolyte; A manufacturing method thereof and an all-solid-state battery including the same are provided.
- the present invention provides a core portion containing sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles; and a surface portion formed on the core portion and including fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles, wherein the surface portion includes a concentration gradient region in which the concentration of F atoms decreases in the direction from the surface of the surface portion to the core portion.
- a solid electrolyte is provided.
- the present invention provides the solid electrolyte according to (1) above, wherein the fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles are represented by the following formula (1):
- B is P, As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb or Ta,
- X is Se or Te
- Y is Cl, Br, I, CN, OCN, SCN or N 3 ,
- x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, a is 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, and b is 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.0.
- the present invention provides the solid electrolyte according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles are represented by the following formula 1-1:
- b is 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.0.
- the present invention provides the solid electrolyte according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles are an azirodite-type solid electrolyte.
- the present invention provides the solid electrolyte according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles are represented by the following formula (2):
- B is P, As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb or Ta,
- X is Se or Te
- Y is Cl, Br, I, CN, OCN, SCN or N 3 ,
- x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, and a is 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.
- the present invention is a solid according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the concentration gradient region includes an area from the solid electrolyte surface to a distance of 30 nm or more and less than 1,200 nm in the direction of the core portion. Provides electrolytes.
- the present invention provides the solid electrolyte according to any one of (1) to (6) above, wherein the average particle diameter is 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the present invention includes the step of heat treating sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles in the presence of ammonium fluoride under an inert gas atmosphere, wherein the ammonium fluoride is used in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles.
- a method for producing a solid electrolyte is provided.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a solid electrolyte according to (8) above, wherein the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles are an ajirodite-type solid electrolyte.
- the present invention relates to an anode; cathode; and an all-solid-state battery comprising the solid electrolyte according to any one of (1) to (7) above.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present invention includes a surface portion containing hydrophobic fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles on the surface of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particle, and a concentration gradient region in which the concentration of F atoms decreases from the surface of the solid electrolyte particle toward the center.
- ionic conductivity can be excellent due to low resistance.
- Example 1 is an SEM image of the solid electrolyte prepared in Example 1.
- Figure 2 is a SEM-EDS result image of the solid electrolyte prepared in Example 1, showing (a) S element map, (b) P element map, (c) Cl element map, and (d) F element map. indicates.
- Figure 3 is a graph of TOF-SIMS results of the solid electrolyte prepared in Example 1.
- concentration gradient generally refers to a gradual change in solute concentration
- concentration gradient refers to a gradual change in the concentration of the atomic components constituting the solid electrolyte.
- particle refers to fine-sized objects such as elementary particles, atoms, molecules, and colloids that make up the material.
- the “average particle diameter (D 50 )” is measured using a particle size analyzer (PSA), and is calculated from the particle side with a small particle diameter in the particle size distribution measured by laser diffraction. This is the particle size corresponding to 50% of the cumulative volume.
- PSD 50 particle size analyzer
- the present invention provides a solid electrolyte having excellent moisture stability and excellent ion conductivity by including a concentration gradient region on the surface of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particle and a surface portion containing fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particle.
- a solid electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a core portion containing sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles; and a surface portion formed on the core portion and including fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles, wherein the surface portion includes a concentration gradient region in which the concentration of F atoms decreases in the direction from the surface of the surface portion to the core portion.
- Sulfide-based solid electrolytes react with moisture in the atmosphere to generate hydrogen sulfide gas, which not only reduces ionic conductivity but also adversely affects safety due to the toxicity of hydrogen sulfide gas.
- sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles have a hydrophobic surface, making it difficult to form a polymer coating layer containing styrene-butadiene-based copolymer or acrylonitrile-butadiene-based copolymer on the surface. Accordingly, a method of forming a hydrophilic oxide buffer layer was considered to help form a polymer coating layer, but there is a problem that resistance increases and ductility is poor, so it is easily destroyed when forming a polymer coating layer.
- the solid electrolyte of the present invention heat-treats the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles with ammonium fluoride adjusted to a specific content under a nitrogen atmosphere, so that the sulfur (S) of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte is located in a specific area on the surface of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles.
- S sulfur
- F fluorine
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles may be a sulfide-based solid electrolyte containing Li, P, and S, and may be an azyrodite-type solid electrolyte in terms of high ionic conductivity and low reactivity with the lithium negative electrode.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles may be represented by the following formula (2).
- B is P, As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb or Ta,
- X is Se or Te
- Y is Cl, Br, I, CN, OCN, SCN or N 3 ,
- x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, and a is 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles may be those in Formula 2 where B is P, As or Ga, X is Se, and Y is Cl, Br, or I.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-1, Chemical Formula 2-2, or 2-3.
- Z may be Cl, Br, or I.
- B is P, As or Sb, X is Se or Te, Y is Se, Br, I, CN, OCN, SCN or N 3 , and 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.
- B is P, As or Sb, X is Se or Te, and 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.
- the surface portion includes fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles, and includes a concentration gradient region in which the concentration of F atoms decreases from the surface of the surface portion toward the core portion.
- the surface portion is formed by heat-treating the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles with ammonium fluoride under a nitrogen atmosphere to fluoride the sulfide-based solid electrolyte to a certain area of the particle surface, and the core containing the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles.
- Sulfur (S) is replaced with fluorine (F) on the part, and the amount of fluorine substituted decreases from the surface to the inside of the core part, so that it contains fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles and has a concentration gradient region of F atoms. You can.
- the fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particle on the surface may be one in which the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particle is doped with fluorine, and a portion of the sulfur in the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particle may be replaced with fluorine. Specifically, it may be represented by the following formula 1: It may be displayed.
- B is P, As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb or Ta,
- X is Se or Te
- Y is Cl, Br, I, CN, OCN, SCN or N 3 ,
- x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, a is 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 2, and b is 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.0.
- the fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 1-1.
- b is 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.0.
- the concentration gradient area of the surface part may include an area from the surface of the surface part to a distance of 30 nm or more and less than 1,200 nm in the direction of the core part, specifically 30 nm to 1,000 nm, 100 nm to 1,000 nm. Alternatively, it may include an area ranging from 200 nm to 800 nm. If the concentration gradient area is within the above range, reaction with moisture can be effectively blocked when exposed to air, and thus moisture stability and ionic conductivity can be excellent. In addition, in order to obtain a balanced effect of effective blocking of reaction with moisture and excellent ionic conductivity, it may be more preferable that the concentration gradient region does not exceed the above range.
- the solid electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention may have an average particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, or 2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and if the average particle diameter is less than 2 ⁇ m, an excessive electrolyte interface is formed and resistance increases. If the average particle diameter exceeds 10 ⁇ m, excessive pores may be formed and resistance may increase.
- the present invention provides a method for producing the solid electrolyte.
- a method for producing a solid electrolyte according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the step of heat treating sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles in the presence of ammonium fluoride under a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the ammonium fluoride is added in an amount of 1 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte. It is characterized in that it is used in an amount of from 10 to 10 parts by weight.
- the heat treatment step is a step of forming a surface portion on the surface of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particle, and may be performed by preparing the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particle and heat treating it in the presence of ammonium fluoride under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the ammonium fluoride may be used in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight, specifically 1 to 5 parts by weight, or 1 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles.
- a surface portion having the concentration gradient region described above can be formed.
- the heat treatment is performed by sequentially performing a first heat treatment step and a second heat treatment step, the first heat treatment step is performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. to 300 ° C. for 1 to 5 hours, and the second heat treatment step is It may be carried out at a temperature of 400°C to 600°C for 5 to 10 hours.
- the sulfide-based solid electrolyte can be manufactured and used by a method commonly known in the art, or purchased and used, and when manufactured and used, for example, lithium sulfide, other sulfide-based raw materials, and It may be manufactured by dissolving a halogen compound in a solvent to obtain a precursor solution, dried and heat treated, or by milling the lithium sulfide, other sulfide-based raw materials and halogen compounds into powder, mixing and heat treatment.
- the lithium sulfide may be lithium sulfide (Li 2 S), and the sulfide-based raw material may be phosphorus sulfide such as P 2 S 3 , P 2 S 5 , P 4 S 3 , P 4 S 5 , and P 4 S 10. , specifically, it may be pentasulfide (P 2 S 5 ).
- the sulfide-based raw material may further include a substitution element, where the substitution element is As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Se and/or Te. You can.
- the halogen compound may be lithium bromide, lithium chloride, lithium iodide, or a combination thereof.
- the present invention provides an all-solid-state battery containing the above solid electrolyte.
- the all-solid-state battery includes a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, and a solid electrolyte layer containing a solid electrolyte according to the present invention disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the all-solid-state battery according to the present invention has a small decrease in ionic conductivity due to moisture, so the initial efficiency, lifespan characteristics, and output characteristics of the battery can be excellent.
- the all-solid-state battery of the present invention can be manufactured according to conventional methods known in the art.
- it can be manufactured by stacking and pressing so that a solid electrolyte layer exists between the anode and the cathode.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured by coating a positive electrode slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , surface treated with nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used.
- the bonding power of the positive electrode active material can be strengthened by forming fine irregularities on the surface, and it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven fabrics.
- the positive electrode active material is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, and may specifically include lithium metal oxide containing lithium and one or more metals such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, or aluminum.
- the lithium metal oxide is lithium-manganese-based oxide (for example, LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.), lithium-cobalt-based oxide (for example, LiCoO 2 , etc.), lithium-nickel-based oxide (for example, For example, LiNiO 2 etc.), lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (for example, LiNi 1-Y Mn Y O 2 (here, 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-z Ni z O 4 (here , 0 ⁇ Z ⁇ 2), etc.), lithium-nickel-cobalt-based oxide (e.g., LiNi 1-Y1 Co Y1 O 2 (where 0 ⁇ Y1 ⁇ 1), etc.), lithium-manganese-co
- the lithium metal oxide is LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (for example, Li(Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/ 3 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 )O 2 and Li(Ni 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 )O 2 etc.), or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (for example, Li (Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 )O 2 , etc.), and considering the remarkable improvement effect due to control of the type and content ratio of the constituent elements forming the lithium composite metal oxide, the lithium composite metal oxide is Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 , It may be Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 60% to 99% by weight, preferably 70% to 99% by weight, and more preferably 80% to 98% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the slurry for the positive electrode. there is.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, poly Examples include propylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- the binder is contained in an amount of 1% to 20% by weight, preferably 1% to 15% by weight, more preferably 1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the slurry for the positive electrode. You can.
- the conductive material is a component to further improve the conductivity of the positive electrode active material.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- graphite Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber
- Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder
- Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the conductive material is 1% to 20% by weight, preferably 1% to 15% by weight, more preferably 1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the slurry for the positive electrode. may be included.
- the solvent may include an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and may be used in an amount that achieves a desirable viscosity when including the positive electrode active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the solid concentration including the positive electrode active material and optionally the binder and the conductive material is 50% to 95% by weight, preferably 70% to 95% by weight, more preferably 70% to 90% by weight. % may be included.
- the negative electrode may be manufactured by coating a negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a negative electrode current collector, or a graphite electrode made of carbon (C) or the metal itself may be used as the negative electrode.
- a negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a negative electrode current collector, or a graphite electrode made of carbon (C) or the metal itself may be used as the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode current collector when a negative electrode is manufactured by coating a negative electrode slurry on the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode current collector generally has a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- This negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the bonding power of the negative electrode active material can be strengthened by forming fine irregularities on the surface, and can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the negative electrode active materials include natural graphite, artificial graphite, and carbonaceous materials; lithium-containing titanium complex oxide (LTO), metals (Me) that are Si, SiO x , Sn, Li, Zn, Mg, Cd, Ce, Ni or Fe; alloys composed of the metals (Me); Oxide (MeO x ) of the metal (Me); and one or more types of negative electrode active materials selected from the group consisting of a complex of the metal (Me) and carbon.
- the anode active material may be specifically a silicon-based anode active material containing silicon (Si), silicon oxide (SiO x ), or silicon alloy. In this case, a thin and stable SEI layer containing siloxane bonds is formed, which can further improve the high-temperature stability and lifespan characteristics of the battery.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 60% to 99% by weight, preferably 70% to 99% by weight, and more preferably 80% to 98% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the slurry for the negative electrode. there is.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, poly Examples include propylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- the binder is contained in an amount of 1% to 20% by weight, preferably 1% to 15% by weight, more preferably 1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding solvent in the slurry for anode. may be included.
- the conductive material is a component to further improve the conductivity of the negative electrode active material.
- These conductive materials are not particularly limited as long as they have conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1% to 20% by weight, preferably 1% to 15% by weight, and more preferably 1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the slurry for anode. .
- the solvent may include a non-polar solvent such as toluene and xylene, and may be used in an amount that provides a desirable viscosity when including the negative electrode active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material.
- a non-polar solvent such as toluene and xylene
- the solid concentration including the negative electrode active material, and optionally the binder and the conductive material may be included such that the concentration is 50% by weight to 95% by weight, preferably 70% by weight to 90% by weight.
- metal itself When using metal itself as the negative electrode, it can be manufactured by physically bonding, rolling, or depositing the metal on the metal thin film itself or the negative electrode current collector.
- the deposition method may use electrical metal deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
- the metal to be bonded/rolled/deposited on the metal thin film itself or the negative electrode current collector is a group consisting of lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), and indium (In). It may include one type of metal or an alloy of two types of metals selected from.
- the solid electrolyte layer may further include a binder in addition to the solid electrolyte according to the present invention.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, poly Examples include propylene, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1% to 20% by weight, preferably 1% to 15% by weight, and more preferably 1% to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the solid electrolyte layer.
- the present invention provides a battery module including the all-solid-state battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same. Since the battery module and battery pack include the secondary battery with high capacity, high rate characteristics, and cycle characteristics, they are medium-to-large devices selected from the group consisting of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and power storage systems. It can be used as a power source.
- Li 6 PS 5 Cl sulfide-based solid electrolyte
- Li 6 PS 5 Cl was heat-treated at 250°C for 3 hours in the presence of 10 mg of NH 4 F, and then heat-treated at 550°C for 10 hours to form a sulfide-based solid electrolyte core portion and a fluorine concentration gradient.
- a solid electrolyte including a surface portion having a surface portion was prepared.
- Example 1 the same procedure as Example 1 was carried out, except that 1 g of Li 6 PS 5 Cl was heat treated in the presence of 20 mg of NH 4 F, and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte core portion and a surface portion having a fluorine concentration gradient were formed. A solid electrolyte was prepared.
- Example 1 the same procedure as Example 1 was performed except that 1 g of Li 6 PS 5 Cl was heat treated in the presence of 30 mg of NH 4 F, and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte core portion and a surface portion having a fluorine concentration gradient were formed. A solid electrolyte was prepared.
- Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 and LiCl were mixed in a ball mill at a molar ratio of 5:1:2 and heat treated at 550°C for 10 hours to prepare Li 6 PS 5 Cl, a sulfide-based solid electrolyte.
- Li 6 PS 5 Cl sulfide-based solid electrolyte
- Nitrogen gas and oxygen gas were flowed at a volume ratio of 9:1, and 1 g of Li 6 PS 5 Cl was heat-treated at 250°C for 3 hours to prepare a solid electrolyte with an oxide coating layer.
- Example 1 a solid electrolyte in which fluorine was present throughout the particles was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1 g of Li 6 PS 5 Cl was heat-treated in the presence of 1 g of NH 4 F.
- TOF-SIMS Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy
- the SEM and SEM-EDS analysis was performed using JEOL-7800F equipment and set to an acceleration voltage of 15 kV. Sampling was conducted in a glove box filled with argon gas.
- Moisture stability was confirmed by measuring the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated when the solid electrolyte was exposed to the atmosphere. 100 mg of each solid electrolyte was placed in a sealed container equipped with a thermohygrometer and a hydrogen sulfide gas concentration meter at room temperature (23 ⁇ 5°C) and RH40% humidity. After exposure to air for 30 minutes, the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated (cm 3 /g, amount of hydrogen sulfide generated per 1g of electrolyte) was measured.
- each solid electrolyte was charged into a lithium ion conductivity measurement jig, and a pressure of several hundred MPa was applied to make a pellet.
- a lithium ion conductivity measurement jig containing a pellet-shaped solid electrolyte was placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber and left at room temperature for 40 minutes. Afterwards, an alternating potential of 100 mV was applied, and a frequency sweep was performed from 1000 Hz to 1 MHz to obtain impedance.
- the solid electrolytes of Examples 1 to 3 have an ion conductivity reduction rate of less than 5% compared to Comparative Example 1, and the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated is significantly reduced to 50% to 83%. Confirmed.
- the effect of reducing the amount of hydrogen sulfide generated was significantly lower than that of Examples 1 to 3, and the ion conductivity reduction rate was more than twice as large.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present invention includes a surface portion containing hydrophobic fluorine-doped sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles on the surface of the sulfide-based solid electrolyte particles, and the concentration of F atoms in the center direction from the surface of the solid electrolyte particle is By including a decreasing concentration gradient region, it was confirmed that while having excellent ionic conductivity corresponding to a sulfide-based solid electrolyte without any treatment on the surface, the generation of hydrogen sulfide was significantly suppressed when exposed to moisture, resulting in excellent moisture stability.
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Abstract
Description
| 구분 | 황화수소 발생량(cm3/g) | 비교예 1 대비 황화수소 발생율(%) | 이온 전도도(mS/cm) | 비교예 1 대비 이온 전도도 감소율(%) |
| 실시예 1 | 83 | 75.5 | 2.96 | 1.99 |
| 실시예 2 | 75 | 68.2 | 2.90 | 3.97 |
| 실시예 3 | 53 | 48.2 | 2.87 | 4.97 |
| 비교예 1 | 110 | 100.0 | 3.02 | 0.00 |
| 비교예 2 | 92 | 83.6 | 2.75 | 8.94 |
| 비교예 3 | 27 | 24.5 | 2.46 | 18.54 |
Claims (11)
- 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자를 포함하는 코어부; 및상기 코어부 상에 형성되고 불소 도핑된 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자를 포함하는 표면부를 포함하고,상기 표면부는 표면부의 표면으로부터 코어부 방향으로 F 원자의 농도가 감소하는 농도구배 영역을 포함하는 것인 고체 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 불소 도핑된 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자는 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 것인 고체 전해질:[화학식 1]Li(12-x-b)BS(6-x-a-b)XaFbYx상기 화학식 1에서,B는 P, As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb 또는 Ta이고,X는 Se 또는 Te이고,Y는 Cl, Br, I, CN, OCN, SCN 또는 N3이고,x는 0≤x≤2이고, a는 0≤a≤2이며, b는 0.1<b≤1.0이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 불소 도핑된 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자는 하기 화학식 1-1로 표시되는 것인 고체 전해질:[화학식 1-1]Li6PS5Cl(1-b)Fb상기 화학식 1-1에서,b는 0.1<b≤1.0이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자는 아지로다이트형 고체 전해질인 고체 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자는 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 것인 고체 전해질:[화학식 2]Li(12-x)BS(6-x-a)XaYx상기 화학식 2에서,B는 P, As, Ge, Ga, Sb, Si, Sn, Al, In, Ti, V, Nb 또는 Ta이고,X는 Se 또는 Te이고,Y는 Cl, Br, I, CN, OCN, SCN 또는 N3이고,x는 0≤x≤2이고, a는 0≤a≤2이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 농도구배 영역은 고체 전해질 표면으로부터 중심 방향으로 30 nm 이상 1,200 nm 미만의 거리까지의 영역을 포함하는 것인 고체 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,평균입경이 2 ㎛ 내지 10 ㎛인 것인 고체 전해질.
- 불활성 기체 분위기 하에 불화암모늄 존재 하에서 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자를 열처리하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 불화암모늄은 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자 100 중량부에 대하여 1 중량부 내지 10 중량부로 사용하는 것인 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 황화물계 고체 전해질 입자는 아지로다이트형 고체 전해질인 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 열처리는 제1 열처리 단계 및 제2 열처리 단계를 순차적으로 실시하여 수행하고,상기 제1 열처리 단계는 200℃ 내지 300℃ 온도에서 1 내지 5시간 동안 실시하고,상기 제2 열처리 단계는 400℃ 내지 600℃의 온도에서 5 내지 10시간 동안 실시하는 것인 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 양극;음극; 및제1항에 기재된 고체 전해질을 포함하는 전고체 전지.
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| US19/105,257 US20260066341A1 (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | Solid electrolyte, method of preparing the same, and all-solid-state battery including the solid electrolyte |
| EP23886213.0A EP4557431A4 (en) | 2022-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | SOLID ELECTROLYTE, ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND ALL-SOLID BATTERY INCLUDING IT |
| JP2025520169A JP2025533931A (ja) | 2022-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | 固体電解質、その製造方法およびこれを含む全固体電池 |
| CN202380061922.0A CN119731828A (zh) | 2022-10-31 | 2023-10-31 | 固体电解质、其制备方法及包括固体电解质的全固态电池 |
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| KR1020220142618A KR20240061208A (ko) | 2022-10-31 | 2022-10-31 | 고체 전해질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 |
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| US20250385303A1 (en) * | 2024-06-17 | 2025-12-18 | Factorial Inc. | Solid electrolyte doped with fluorine and all solid-state battery comprising same |
| CN121172237A (zh) * | 2025-09-23 | 2025-12-19 | 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室) | 一种湿空气稳定的硫化物固态电解质及其制备方法与电池 |
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| KR101670664B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-04 | 2016-10-31 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 불소가 도핑된 스피넬 구조의 리튬금속망간산화물이 코팅된 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
| KR20170050562A (ko) | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 황화물계 고체 전해질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 전고체 전지 |
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| CN112768761B (zh) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-06-07 | 江汉大学 | 一种硫化物固态电解质及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN116072961B (zh) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-11-14 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 一种核壳硫化物固体电解质、制备方法及全固态电池 |
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| KR101670664B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-04 | 2016-10-31 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 불소가 도핑된 스피넬 구조의 리튬금속망간산화물이 코팅된 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| KR20190074484A (ko) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-06-28 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 단일 원소로부터 유래된 아지로다이트형 결정구조를 갖는 전고체 전지용 황화물계 고체전해질 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| EP4557431A1 (en) | 2025-05-21 |
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| US20260066341A1 (en) | 2026-03-05 |
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