WO2024096653A1 - 양극 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
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- WO2024096653A1 WO2024096653A1 PCT/KR2023/017466 KR2023017466W WO2024096653A1 WO 2024096653 A1 WO2024096653 A1 WO 2024096653A1 KR 2023017466 W KR2023017466 W KR 2023017466W WO 2024096653 A1 WO2024096653 A1 WO 2024096653A1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery that have excellent adhesion and resistance characteristics even with a reduced binder content.
- Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LNCMO), and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) are used as positive electrode active materials for lithium secondary batteries.
- Lithium iron phosphate is inexpensive because it contains iron, which is a resource-abundant and inexpensive material. Additionally, because the toxicity of lithium iron phosphate is low, environmental pollution can be reduced when lithium iron phosphate is used. In addition, because lithium iron phosphate has an olivine structure, the active material structure can be maintained stably at high temperatures compared to lithium transition metal oxides with a layered structure. Accordingly, the battery has the advantage of excellent high-temperature stability and high-temperature lifespan characteristics.
- lithium iron phosphate has no choice but to move lithium ions along a one-dimensional path, such as lithium cobalt-based oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide (LNCMO) with a layered or spinel structure, and In comparison, it has the disadvantage of having a low diffusion rate of lithium ions and high electrode resistance.
- LCO lithium cobalt-based oxide
- LNCMO lithium nickel cobalt manganese-based oxide
- a method of reducing the binder content may be considered, but there is a limit to reducing the binder content to manufacture a cathode with adhesive strength above a certain level.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode with reduced positive electrode resistance while maintaining an appropriate level of adhesion performance, and a lithium secondary battery with improved resistance characteristics.
- the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer located on at least one surface of a positive electrode current collector, wherein the positive electrode active material layer includes a lithium transition metal phosphate, a fluorine-based binder, and a conductive material, and the lithium transition metal
- the phosphorylate includes a carbon coating layer formed on the surface, and in the positive electrode active material layer, the ratio (B/ A) An anode is provided where the value is 0.7 to 1.7.
- the ratio (B/A) of the weight B of the fluorine-based binder to the total weight A of carbon of the conductive material and lithium transition metal phosphate in the positive electrode active material layer is 0.72 to 1.3 days. You can.
- the fluorine-based binder may be included in an amount of 3% by weight or less in the positive electrode active material layer.
- the fluorine-based binder may be included in an amount of 1.6 to 2.7% by weight in the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode active material layer may have a porosity in the range of 25 to 30% according to Equation 1 below.
- Porosity (%) ⁇ 1 - (measured density of positive electrode active material layer/true density of positive electrode active material) ⁇ 100
- the positive electrode active material layer may have a porosity in the range of 26 to 29% according to Equation 1 above.
- the fluorine-based binder includes a first fluorine-based binder having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 500,000 g/mol to 750,000 g/mol and a second fluorine-based binder having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 800,000 g/mol or more. May include a binder.
- the first fluorine-based binder may be a homopolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF).
- the second fluorine-based binder may be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) containing a polar functional group.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the second fluorine-based binder may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 900,000 g/mol to 2,000,000 g/mol.
- the weight ratio of the first fluorine-based binder and the second fluorine-based binder may be 2:3 to 3:1.
- the ratio (D/C) of the weight D of the lithium transition metal phosphate to the total weight C of the fluorine-based binder (D/C) may be 32 to 82.
- the lithium transition metal phosphate may be a compound represented by Formula 1 below.
- M1 is one or more elements selected from Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mg,
- M2 is selected from any one of groups 2 to 15 and is one or more elements excluding element M1,
- D is one or more selected from the group consisting of F, S and N,
- M1 is Fe
- M2 is a group consisting of Al, Mg, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn, and Y. There may be one or more selected types.
- the loading amount of the positive electrode active material layer may be in the range of 450 to 650 mg/25cm2.
- the conductive material may be a carbon nanotube.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further include hydrogenated nitrile-based butadiene rubber.
- a lithium secondary battery including the above-described positive electrode is provided.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention has excellent adhesion while controlling the value of B/A, which is the ratio of the total weight B of the fluorine-based binder to the total weight A of the carbon contributing to the conductive performance in the positive electrode active material layer, to an optimal range. It has the effect of reducing resistance.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention can increase the weight ratio of lithium transition metal phosphate even with a lower binder content than the conventional positive electrode, thereby improving energy density.
- a and/or B herein means A, or B, or A and B.
- D 50 means the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume accumulation amount in the particle size distribution curve.
- the D 50 can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method is generally capable of measuring particle diameters ranging from the submicron region to several millimeters, and can obtain results with high reproducibility and high resolution.
- specific surface area is measured by the BET method, and can be specifically calculated from the amount of nitrogen gas adsorption under liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) using BELSORP-mino II from BEL Japan.
- the total weight A of carbon in the conductive material and the positive electrode active material is the total weight of carbon materials contributing to the conductive performance of the positive electrode, and is the total weight of carbon contained in the positive electrode active material layer, the total weight of carbon contained in the fluorine-based binder. It means weight excluding weight.
- the total weight of carbon contained in the positive electrode active material layer can be calculated from the total amount of CO 2 generated by separating the positive active material layer from the positive electrode current collector and then burning the positive active material layer using a CS Analyzer. .
- the weight of carbon contained in the fluorine-based binder is determined by collecting the gas generated by burning the positive active material layer in the combustion tube in an absorbent liquid, diluting the collected absorbent liquid solution, and measuring the fluorine content using ion chromatography. It can be measured and calculated from the measured fluorine content and the composition of the fluorine-based binder.
- weight average molecular weight refers to the converted value for standard polystyrene measured by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Specifically, the weight average molecular weight is a value converted from the value measured under the following conditions using GPC, and standard polystyrene from the Agilent system was used to prepare the calibration curve.
- anode adhesion can be measured by the following method. Prepare a positive electrode cut to 150 mm in length and 20 mm in width, place the positive electrode active material layer against a slide glass with a length of 75 mm and 25 mm in width, and attach the positive electrode to the slide glass in the longitudinal direction using double-sided tape. do. That is, the slide glass is attached to an area corresponding to half of the longitudinal direction of the anode. Afterwards, an evaluation sample is prepared by rubbing the roller 10 times so that the double-sided tape is uniformly attached.
- the slide glass part of the evaluation sample is fixed to the sample stage of the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (LS5, AMETEK), and the anode half without the slide glass attached is connected to the load cell of the UTM equipment.
- UTM Universal Testing Machine
- the average value of the load measured in the 20 mm to 40 mm section of the driving section is obtained, and this is repeated a total of 5 times, and the average value is evaluated as the anode adhesive force (gf/20mm) of each sample.
- a positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a positive electrode active material layer located on at least one surface of a positive electrode current collector, wherein the positive electrode active material layer includes a lithium transition metal phosphate, a fluorine-based binder, and a conductive material, and the lithium
- the transition metal phosphide includes a carbon coating layer formed on the surface, and in the positive electrode active material layer, the ratio of the total weight B of the fluorine-based binder to the total weight A of carbon of the conductive material and the lithium transition metal phosphate ( B/A) may range from 0.7 to 1.7.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted repeated research to improve the resistance characteristics of a positive electrode containing a lithium transition metal phosphate-based positive electrode active material without reducing the adhesion, and as a result, the conductive material and positive electrode active material that contribute to the conductive performance in the positive electrode active material layer
- the ratio (B/A) of the total weight B of the fluorine-based binder to the total weight A of carbon satisfies 0.7 to 1.7, appropriate adhesion is achieved even if the total content of the fluorine-based binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer decreases.
- the present invention was developed after discovering that anode resistance was reduced while maintaining good performance.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention is similar to the conventional positive electrode by controlling the value of B/A, which is the ratio of the total weight B of the fluorine-based binder to the total weight A of carbon contributing to conductive performance, to an acceptable range. It has an appropriate level of adhesive performance even with a lower binder content than the included binder content.
- the binder content contained in the positive electrode active material layer is reduced, thereby improving resistance characteristics, and the weight ratio of the positive electrode active material can be increased by the amount of the reduced binder, so the energy density per weight of the positive electrode can be increased.
- B/A is a parameter that controls not only the electrical performance of the electrode, such as conductivity, but also the physical performance of the electrode, such as adhesion
- an electrically/physically balanced anode can be created by appropriately controlling and limiting the value of B/A. Manufacturing is possible, and this is an effect that cannot be achieved by controlling electrical performance and physical performance separately.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention will be described in detail.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention may include a positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer located on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector can be any conductive material without causing chemical changes in the battery, and is not particularly limited.
- the current collector may be stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.
- the positive electrode current collector may have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector to increase adhesion to the positive electrode active material layer.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode active material. Additionally, the positive electrode active material layer may further include a conductive material, binder, and dispersant as needed in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the present invention includes lithium transition metal phosphate as a positive electrode active material. Because lithium transition metal phosphate has an olivine structure, the active material structure is maintained stably at high temperatures compared to lithium transition metal oxides with a layered structure. As a result, when lithium transition metal phosphate is used as a positive electrode active material, the high temperature stability and high temperature lifespan characteristics of the positive electrode are significantly improved, thereby reducing the risk of ignition of a lithium secondary battery containing the positive electrode.
- the lithium transition metal phosphate may be a compound of formula 1 below.
- M1 is one or more elements selected from Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mg,
- M2 is selected from any one of groups 2 to 15 and is one or more elements excluding element M1,
- D is one or more selected from the group consisting of F, S and N,
- the lithium transition metal phosphate has M1 of Fe, M2 of Al, Mg, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn, and Y. It may be one or more types selected from the group consisting of.
- the lithium transition metal phosphate may be lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ).
- the lithium transition metal phosphate may be secondary particles in which primary particles are aggregated together, or may have a monolithic structure composed of primary particles.
- 'monolith structure' refers to a structure in which particles exist as an independent phase without mutual agglomeration in terms of morphology.
- a particle structure that contrasts with this monolithic structure is a structure in which small-sized particles ('primary particles') are physically and/or chemically aggregated to form relatively large-sized particles ('secondary particles'). You can.
- the lithium transition metal phosphate has a monolithic structure composed of primary particles
- migration of the binder can be alleviated during the drying process of the positive electrode slurry, and the interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer is improved. It can be improved.
- the lithium transition metal phosphate when the lithium transition metal phosphate is a secondary particle, the lithium transition metal phosphate may further include a hollow core portion inside the secondary particle.
- the secondary particles By intentionally weakening the mechanical strength by forming hollows inside the secondary particles, the secondary particles may collapse and become primary particles during the rolling process, thereby reducing the springback phenomenon.
- the diameter of the hollow core portion may be 4 ⁇ m to 12 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 11 ⁇ m.
- the diameter of the hollow core portion is not particularly limited, but can be measured, for example, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
- the lithium transition metal phosphate may include a carbon coating layer on its surface.
- a carbon coating layer is formed on the surface of lithium transition metal phosphate, electrical conductivity is improved and the resistance characteristics of the positive electrode can be improved.
- the carbon coating layer is made of glucose, sucrose, lactose, starch, oligosaccharide, polyoligosaccharide, fructose, cellulose, polymer of furfuryl alcohol, block copolymer of ethylene and ethylene oxide, vinyl resin, cellulose resin, phenolic resin, and pitch. It may be formed using at least one raw material selected from the group consisting of resins and tar-based resins. Specifically, the carbon coating layer may be formed through a process of mixing the raw materials with the lithium transition metal phosphate and then heat treating them.
- the average particle diameter D 50 of the lithium transition metal phosphate may be 0.8 ⁇ m to 20.0 ⁇ m, specifically 0.9 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m, and more specifically 0.9 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the mobility of lithium in the lithium transition metal phosphate may be improved, thereby improving the charge and discharge characteristics of the battery.
- the BET specific surface area of the lithium transition metal phosphate may be 5 m 2 /g to 20 m 2 /g, specifically 7 m 2 /g to 18 m 2 /g, more specifically 9 m 2 /g to 16 m It may be 2 /g.
- aggregation of the lithium transition metal phosphate can be effectively suppressed even in a positive electrode slurry composition with a relatively small dispersant content.
- the lithium transition metal phosphate may be included in the positive electrode active material layer at 95% to 99% by weight, specifically 95.5% to 98.5% by weight, and more specifically 96% to 98% by weight.
- the energy density of the cell including the positive electrode according to the present invention may be 300 Wh/L or more, specifically 320 to 400 Wh/L, and more specifically 330 to 400 Wh/L.
- the energy density is the energy density of a full-cell.
- the present invention is a binder and includes a fluorine-based binder, and the fluorine-based binder provides adhesion between a positive electrode active material and a conductive material and between a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
- the fluorine-based binder may be a PVDF-based polymer containing vinylidene fluoride (VDF) as a monomer.
- PVDF-based polymer include PVDF single polymer, PVDF-HFP (Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)), PVDF-CTFE (Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)), PVDF-TFE (Poly(vinylidene tetrafluoroethylene) )), PVDF-TrFE (Poly(vinylidene trifluoroethylene)), etc.
- PVDF-HFP Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
- PVDF-CTFE Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)
- PVDF-TFE Poly(vinylidene tetrafluoroethylene)
- PVDF-TrFE Poly
- the positive electrode according to the present invention has an equivalent level of positive electrode adhesion compared to other conventional positive electrodes, and in order to reduce electrode resistance, the content of the fluorine-based binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer is controlled in relation to the conductivity of the positive electrode active material layer. . Specifically, the ratio (B/A) of the total weight B of the fluorine-based binder to the total weight A of the carbon of the conductive material and the positive electrode active material that contributes to the conductive performance in the positive electrode active material layer (B/A) is controlled to satisfy 0.7 to 1.7.
- the B/A value may be 0.72 to 1.3, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.25.
- the B/A value is within the above range, it is possible to have excellent resistance characteristics while having adhesion performance without fear of detachment of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the fluorine-based binder may include a first fluorine-based binder and a second fluorine-based binder having different numerical ranges of weight average molecular weight (Mw).
- the first fluorine-based binder may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 500,000 g/mol to 750,000 g/mol, preferably 550,000 g/mol to 730,000 g/mol, , more preferably 580,000 g/mol to 700,000 g/mol.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the first fluorine-based binder provides adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and between the current collector and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the first fluorine-based binder may be a homopolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF).
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the functional groups of the binder form hydrogen bonds between the hydrogens on the carbon coating layer coated on the surface of the lithium transition metal phosphate particles. Since the number can be reduced, gelation of the positive electrode slurry is prevented, the coating process of the positive electrode slurry is improved, and the thickness and/or surface of the coated positive electrode active material layer is uniform, so the output of the lithium secondary battery manufactured using the positive electrode is improved. It has the advantage of excellent performance and lifespan characteristics.
- the second fluorine-based binder may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 800,000 g/mol or more, preferably 900,000 g/mol to 2,000,000 g/mol, and more preferably 1,000,000 g/mol to 1,500,000 g/mol.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- the second fluorine-based binder can exert a synergistic effect with the first fluorine-based binder to reduce the total content of the fluorine-based binder included in the positive electrode active material layer without causing a decrease in adhesion.
- the adhesion performance of the positive electrode containing both the first fluorine-based binder and the second fluorine-based binder is better than that of the positive electrode containing only the first fluorine-based binder. Therefore, if the first fluorine-based binder and the second fluorine-based binder are used together, even if the total weight percent of the fluorine-based binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer is reduced, the effect of improving resistance characteristics will be greater due to the reduced binder content without deteriorating the adhesive performance. You can.
- the second fluorine-based binder may be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) containing a polar functional group.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the crystallinity of the second fluorine-based binder is lowered, thereby improving the flexibility of the positive electrode active material layer, and due to the improved flexibility of the positive electrode active material layer, even when external stress is applied.
- the positive electrode active material layer does not detach from the positive electrode current collector, and as a result, the adhesion of the positive electrode can be improved.
- the fluorine-based binder may be included in the positive electrode active material layer in an amount of 3% by weight or less, more preferably 1.6 to 2.7% by weight. In terms of the resistance characteristics of the positive electrode, it is preferable that the content of the fluorine-based binder is within the above numerical range.
- the weight ratio of the first fluorine-based binder and the second fluorine-based binder may be 2:3 to 3:1, and preferably 1:1 to 2:1. If the content of the first fluorine-based binder is excessively large, it may be undesirable in terms of adhesive performance, and if the content of the second fluorine-based binder is excessively large, gelation of the positive electrode slurry may be caused, which is undesirable.
- the ratio of the weight D of lithium transition metal phosphate, which is a positive electrode active material, to the total weight C of the first fluorine-based binder and the second fluorine-based binder may be 32 to 82, and preferably 34 to 82. It may be 72, and more preferably 36 to 60.
- the ratio of the weight D of lithium transition metal phosphate, which is a positive electrode active material, to the total weight C of the first fluorine-based binder and the second fluorine-based binder is within the above numerical range, both the capacity characteristics and adhesive performance of the positive electrode can be maintained at an appropriate level. there is.
- the positive electrode active material layer of the present invention may further include a conductive material.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- graphite Carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and summer black
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber
- Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder
- Conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- Specific examples of commercially available conductive materials include acetylene black products (Chevron Chemical Company, Denka Singapore Private Limited, Gulf Oil Company, etc.), Ketjenblack, EC.
- the conductive material may be a carbon nanotube.
- the excellent conductive network of the carbon nanotubes can suppress the binder migration phenomenon where the binder moves to the electrode surface when the electrode is dried, thereby improving the interfacial adhesion between the positive electrode current collector and the positive active material layer. It has the effect of further improving.
- the conductive material may be included in the positive electrode active material layer at 0.3 wt% to 2.0 wt%, specifically 0.4 wt% to 1.5 wt%, and more specifically 0.5 wt% to 1.3 wt%.
- the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode can be improved by securing the positive electrode conductive network.
- the positive electrode active material layer may include 96 to 98% by weight of the positive electrode active material, 0.8 to 1.3% by weight of the conductive material, and 1.2 to 3.0% by weight of the binder.
- the composition of the positive electrode active material layer satisfies the above-mentioned range, the adhesion and conductivity of the electrode are secured and the active material content is increased, thereby improving the capacity and resistance performance of the lithium secondary battery including the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode active material layer of the present invention may further include a dispersant.
- the dispersant suppresses excessive aggregation of the lithium transition metal phosphate in the positive electrode slurry composition and allows the lithium transition metal phosphate to exist effectively dispersed in the manufactured positive electrode active material layer.
- the dispersant may include a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer, and specifically, the dispersant may be a hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer is a copolymer containing a structural unit derived from an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile and a structural unit derived from a hydrogenated conjugated diene, or a structural unit derived from an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitrile and a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene.
- a copolymer containing a structural unit derived from a hydrogenated conjugated diene for example, acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile may be used, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- conjugated diene monomer for example, conjugated diene monomers having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, or 2,3-methyl butadiene, may be used, one or two of these. Mixtures of the above may be used.
- the hydrogenated nitrile-based copolymer may be hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (H-NBR).
- H-NBR hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber
- the hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol, preferably 15,000 g/mol to 90,000 g/mol, more preferably 20,000 g/mol to 50,000 g/mol. It can be.
- the effect of suppressing the agglomeration of the conductive material is more excellent, and even if the conductive material is aggregated, it is aggregated into a sphere rather than a linear shape, compared to the case where the conductive material is linearly aggregated.
- the specific surface area of the aggregated conductive material can be minimized. As a result, the surface area of the positive electrode active material that cannot participate in the lithium insertion/desorption reaction adjacent to the aggregated conductive material is minimized, thereby lowering the discharge resistance of the lithium secondary battery.
- the dispersant may be included in an amount of 0.1 wt% to 2.0 wt%, specifically 0.2 wt% to 1.8 wt%, and more specifically 0.3 wt% to 1.6 wt% based on the total solid content of the positive electrode slurry composition.
- gelation of the positive electrode slurry composition can be prevented by suppressing aggregation of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention can be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method. Specifically, the positive electrode is manufactured by preparing a positive electrode slurry composition containing the above-mentioned positive electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and/or dispersant, then applying the positive electrode slurry composition on a positive electrode current collector, and then drying and rolling. You can.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by casting the positive electrode slurry composition on a separate support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from this support onto the positive electrode current collector.
- the loading amount of the positive electrode active material layer may be in the range of 450 to 650 mg/25 cm2, preferably in the range of 500 to 650 mg/25 cm2, and most preferably in the range of 600 to 650 mg/25 cm2.
- the loading amount in the above range is larger than that of a general anode, making it suitable as a high loading anode.
- the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer after rolling may be in the range of 25 to 30%, preferably 26 to 29%.
- porosity can be calculated according to Equation 1 below.
- true density refers to the density of only the part completely filled with material, excluding the gaps between the positive electrode active material particles.
- Porosity (%) ⁇ 1 - (measured density of positive electrode active material layer/true density of positive electrode active material) ⁇ 100
- the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer satisfies the above numerical range, it is desirable in terms of positive electrode adhesion performance and positive electrode capacity.
- the positive electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention has excellent positive electrode adhesion and resistance characteristics, making it possible to manufacture a high loading positive electrode, preventing detachment of the positive electrode, thereby reducing the cell resistance of the secondary battery, and reducing the capacity and output characteristics of the battery. This is improved and defects occurring in the manufacturing process can be reduced.
- the positive electrode of the present invention has an adhesive force between the positive electrode current collector and the positive active material layer measured through a 90° peel test of 19 gf/20mm or more, specifically 20gf/20mm or more, specifically 20 to 45 gf. /20mm, specifically may range from 20 to 40 gf/20mm. It is preferable when the positive electrode has at least the above-described adhesive strength because detachment of the positive electrode active material layer can be prevented during the manufacturing process.
- the positive electrode of the present invention has a direct current resistance (DCIR) of 1.91 ⁇ or less with respect to the voltage drop measured when a discharge pulse is given at 0.5C for 10 seconds at a temperature of 25°C and a SOC 30% charged state. Specifically, it may be 1.5 to 1.85 ⁇ , and more specifically, 1.6 to 1.82 ⁇ .
- DCIR direct current resistance
- the direct current resistance (DCIR) to voltage drop measured when a discharge pulse was given at 2C for 10 seconds at a temperature of 25°C and SOC 30% charge was 1.7 ⁇ or less, specifically 1.4 to 1.19. ⁇ , more specifically, may be 1.45 to 1.68 ⁇ .
- the method of measuring direct current resistance is as described in Experimental Example 3 below.
- a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- the positive electrode is as described above.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material layer located on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode active material layer includes a lithium transition metal phosphate, a fluorine-based binder, and a conductive material, and the lithium transition metal phosphate has a surface. It includes a carbon coating layer formed on, and in the positive electrode active material layer, the ratio (B/A) of the total weight B of the fluorine-based binder to the total weight A of the carbon of the conductive material and the lithium transition metal phosphate is 0.7 to 0.7.
- the fluorine-based binder includes a first fluorine-based binder having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 500,000 g/mol to 750,000 g/mol and a second fluorine-based binder having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 800,000 g/mol or more. It can be included.
- the positive electrode may further include a conductive material and a dispersant.
- the negative electrode can be manufactured, for example, by preparing a composition for forming a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder, and a negative electrode conductive material on a negative electrode current collector and then applying it on the negative electrode current collector.
- the anode active material is not particularly limited, and usually a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium can be used.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, and highly crystalline carbon; Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium, such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy; Alternatively, a composite containing a metallic compound and a carbonaceous material may be mentioned.
- low-crystalline carbon includes soft carbon and hard carbon
- high-crystalline carbon includes natural graphite, kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, and liquid crystalline carbon.
- Examples include high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes. .
- high-temperature calcined carbon such as mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches, and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes.
- one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used, and a metallic lithium thin film may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the anode conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular restrictions in the battery being constructed as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Alternatively, conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more may be used.
- the anode conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, specifically 1 to 20% by weight, and more specifically 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the anode active material layer.
- the negative electrode binder serves to improve adhesion between negative electrode active material particles and adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).
- the negative electrode binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, specifically 1 to 20% by weight, and more specifically 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the separator can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these.
- a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- the separator may be a porous thin film having a pore diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m and a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt commonly used in electrolytes, but is not particularly limited.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate Carbonate-based solvents such as PC) may be used.
- DMC dimethylcarbonate
- DEC diethylcarbonate
- MEC methylethylcarbonate
- EMC ethylmethylcarbonate
- EC
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charging and discharging performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- the lithium salt can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- the lithium salt is preferably contained in the electrolyte at a concentration of approximately 0.6 mol% to 2 mol%.
- the electrolyte contains, for example, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n, for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- pyridine triethylphosphite
- triethanolamine triethanolamine
- cyclic ether ethylene diamine
- n for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- additives such as methoxyethanol or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight based on
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured by placing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to form an electrode assembly, and placing the electrode assembly in a cylindrical battery case or a square battery case and then injecting electrolyte. Alternatively, it may be manufactured by stacking the electrode assembly, impregnating it with an electrolyte, and sealing the resulting product in a battery case.
- the electrode assembly is dried and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, ethanol, propylene carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate used in manufacturing the positive electrode are dried.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- acetone ethanol
- propylene carbonate ethylmethyl carbonate
- ethylene carbonate ethylene carbonate
- dimethyl carbonate used in manufacturing the positive electrode are dried.
- One or more organic solvents selected from the group consisting of can be removed. If an electrolyte having the same composition as the organic solvent used in manufacturing the positive electrode is used as the electrolyte, the process of drying the electrode assembly can be omitted.
- the lithium secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention may be an all-solid-state battery.
- the battery case may be one commonly used in the field, and there is no limitation on the appearance depending on the purpose of the battery, for example, a cylindrical shape using a can, a square shape, a pouch shape, or a coin shape. It can be etc.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention stably exhibits excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics, and capacity retention rate, it is widely used in portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, energy storage systems (ESS), and hybrid electricity. It is useful in the field of electric vehicles such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
- HEV hybrid electric vehicles
- NMP rolidone
- lithium transition metal phosphate, conductive material, first fluorine-based binder, and second fluorine-based binder were present in a weight ratio of 96.7:0.8:1.25:1.25, and the solid content of the positive electrode slurry was 62% by weight.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to a 20 ⁇ m thick aluminum thin film at a concentration of 600 mg/25 cm 2 and then dried with hot air at 130°C for 5 minutes so that the solid content of the positive electrode slurry was 99.0% by weight or more. Afterwards, a positive electrode was manufactured by rolling the dried positive electrode slurry so that the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was 27%.
- Porosity (%) ⁇ 1 - (measured density of positive electrode active material layer/true density of positive electrode active material) ⁇ 100
- a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the weight ratio of lithium transition metal phosphate, conductive material, first fluorine-based binder, and second fluorine-based binder in the positive electrode slurry was changed as shown in Table 1.
- LiFePO 4 LiFePO 4 as a primary particle with a monolithic structure
- carbon nanotubes (CNT) carbon nanotubes
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- PVdF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- lithium transition metal phosphate, conductive material, and binder were present in a weight ratio of 96.2:0.8:3, and the solid content of the positive electrode slurry was 62% by weight.
- a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the weight ratio of lithium transition metal phosphate, conductive material, and binder in the positive electrode slurry was changed as shown in Table 1.
- a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the weight ratio of lithium transition metal phosphate, conductive material, first fluorine-based binder, and second fluorine-based binder in the positive electrode slurry was changed as shown in Table 1.
- LiFePO 4 LiFePO 4 as a primary particle with a monolithic structure
- carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a conductive material
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- PVdF Polyvinylidene fluoride
- lithium transition metal phosphate, conductive material, and binder were present in a weight ratio of 96.2:0.8:3, and the solid content of the positive electrode slurry was 62% by weight.
- the viscosity of the positive electrode slurry was too large, it was impossible to coat the positive electrode slurry with the target loading amount (600 mg/25 cm2) on the positive electrode current collector, making it impossible to manufacture the positive electrode.
- a positive electrode was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the weight ratio of lithium transition metal phosphate, conductive material, first fluorine-based binder, and second fluorine-based binder in the positive electrode slurry was changed as shown in Table 1.
- the total weight A of carbon in the conductive material and the positive electrode active material was calculated by subtracting the weight of carbon contained in the fluorine-based binder from the total weight of carbon contained in the positive electrode active material layer.
- the total weight of carbon contained in the positive electrode active material layer was calculated using CS Analyzer after separating the positive active material layer from the current collector. Specifically, the positive electrode active material layer was burned using a CS Analyzer, and the total weight of carbon contained in the positive active material layer was calculated from the total amount of CO 2 generated.
- the weight of carbon contained in the fluorine-based binder is determined by measuring the weight of fluorine contained in the positive electrode active material layer, converting the measured weight of fluorine to the total weight (B) of the fluorine-based binder contained in the positive electrode active material layer, and then adding the fluorine-based binder. It can be derived by calculating the weight of carbon contained in the fluorine-based binder using the weight percent of carbon.
- the method for measuring the weight of fluorine contained in the positive electrode active material layer is as follows. Separate the positive electrode active material layer from the current collector, collect the gas generated by burning the separated positive active material layer in an absorbent liquid, dilute the collected absorbent liquid solution, and then use ion chromatography to The weight of fluorine contained was measured.
- the total weight (B) of the fluorine-based binder included in the positive electrode active material layer calculated in the process of deriving the weight of carbon included in the fluorine-based binder was used.
- the total weight B of the fluorine-based binder relative to the total weight A of carbon of the conductive material and the positive electrode active material calculated in this way is shown in Table 1.
- the positive electrodes prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were vacuum dried at a temperature of 130°C for 2 hours, and then the adhesion between the positive electrode active material layer and the positive electrode current collector was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. .
- the positive electrodes manufactured in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were cut to 150 mm and 20 mm wide, and the positive electrode surface was placed on a slide glass with a length of 75 mm and a width of 25 mm in the longitudinal direction with double-sided tape. It was attached using . That is, the slide glass was attached to an area corresponding to half of the longitudinal direction of the anode. Then, an evaluation sample was prepared by rubbing the roller 10 times so that the double-sided tape was uniformly attached.
- the slide glass part of the evaluation sample was fixed to the sample stage of the Universal Testing Machine (UTM) (product name: LS5, manufacturer: LLOYD), and the anode half without the slide glass attached was placed in the load cell of the UTM equipment. Connected.
- the load cell was moved up to 50 mm by applying force at 90° at a speed of 100 mm/min and the load applied to the load cell was measured.
- the average value of the load measured in the 20 mm to 40 mm section of the driving section was obtained, and this was repeated a total of 5 times, and the average value was evaluated as the anode adhesive force (gf/20mm) of each sample.
- the cathode slurry After applying the cathode slurry to a copper thin film at a concentration of 295 mg/25 cm2, the cathode slurry was dried to have a solid content of 99.0% by weight or more, and then rolled to prepare a cathode.
- Secondary batteries of Examples and Comparative Examples were manufactured by interposing a polyolefin separator between each positive electrode and negative electrode according to Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and then injecting an electrolyte solution.
- the electrolyte solution is a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 3:7, vinylene carbonate (VC) is added at 2% by weight based on the solvent, and LiPF 6 is added at 1M. The dissolved product was used.
- Each of the manufactured secondary batteries was activated by charging with a constant current of 0.1C, and then degassed.
- Each secondary battery manufactured above was charged at 1C to SOC 100%, then charged at 0.33C CC up to 3.7V under constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging conditions at 25°C, and then 0.05C current cut was performed. , discharged at 0.33C up to 2.5 V under CC conditions. The charging and discharging is considered as 1 cycle, and 3 cycles are performed.
- DCIR is calculated from the voltage drop measured while giving a discharge pulse for 10 seconds at 0.5C according to the formula below. , the results are shown in Table 1.
- DCIR was calculated using the voltage drop measured when a discharge pulse was applied at 2.0C for 10 seconds, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- the secondary battery was stored for 2 weeks in a high temperature (60°C) environment. Afterwards, it was charged to a state of charge (SOC) of 30% at a temperature of 25°C, and then discharged at 0.5C for 10 seconds with a pulse. ), the DCIR was calculated according to the above equation, and the resistance increase rate (%) after high temperature storage calculated by substituting this into the equation (1) below is listed in Table 1.
- the positive electrodes according to Examples 1 to 6 were found to have excellent adhesion and excellent resistance characteristics compared to the electrodes according to the comparative examples as the B/A value was within the range of 0.7 to 1.7.
- the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 1 with a B/A value outside the range of 0.7 to 1.7 was found to have low adhesive strength due to a low binder content.
- the positive electrode according to Comparative Example 1 had the smallest total binder content, it was found to have a larger initial DCIR and a higher rate of increase in high temperature resistance compared to the positive electrodes of Examples 1 to 6.
- the anodes of Examples 1 and 2 with B/A values in the range of 0.72 to 1.3 showed a smaller initial DCIR and a smaller increase in high temperature resistance compared to the anodes of Examples 3 to 5. Therefore, it can be seen that in order to improve the resistance characteristics of the anode, it is desirable for the B/A value to be within the range of 0.72 to 1.3.
- a positive electrode was prepared by preparing a positive electrode slurry of the same composition as that prepared in Example 1, except that the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was changed to 26% during rolling. was manufactured.
- a positive electrode was prepared by preparing a positive electrode slurry of the same composition as that prepared in Example 1, except that the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was changed to 28% during rolling. was manufactured.
- a positive electrode was prepared by preparing a positive electrode slurry of the same composition as that prepared in Example 1, except that the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was changed to 30% during rolling. was manufactured.
- a positive electrode was prepared by preparing a positive electrode slurry of the same composition as that prepared in Example 1, except that the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was changed to 24% during rolling. was manufactured.
- a positive electrode was prepared by preparing a positive electrode slurry of the same composition as that prepared in Example 1, except that the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer was changed to 32% during rolling. was manufactured.
- a lithium metal counter electrode was prepared as a cathode.
- Secondary batteries of Examples and Comparative Examples were manufactured by interposing a polyolefin separator between each positive electrode and negative electrode according to Examples 7 to 9 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5, and then injecting an electrolyte solution.
- the electrolyte solution is a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 2:8, vinylene carbonate (VC) is added at 0.5% by weight based on the solvent, and LiPF 6 is added at 1M. The dissolved product was used.
- Each manufactured secondary battery was activated by charging with a constant current of 0.1C, and then degassed. Afterwards, each battery was initially charged and discharged under the following conditions to measure its capacity, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- the positive electrode of Comparative Example 4 with a porosity of less than 25% was found to have the best capacity characteristics, but its adhesion value was less than 20 gf/20 mm, so it was evaluated that there was a risk of detachment of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode of Comparative Example 5 with a porosity exceeding 30% was found to have the best adhesion, but had a capacity of less than 157 mAh/g and was evaluated as unsuitable as a finished product. Therefore, in the positive electrode according to the present invention, the porosity of the positive electrode active material layer is preferably in the range of 25 to 30%.
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Abstract
Description
| 양극 조성(중량부) | B/A | 접착력 (gf/ 20mm) |
초기 DCIR(Ω) | 고온 저장 후 저항 증가율(%) | |||||
| LiFePO4 | CNT | 제1 불소계 바인더 | 제2 불소계 바인더 | 0.5C | 2C | ||||
| 실시예 1 | 96.7 | 0.8 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.19 | 27.4 | 1.7049 | 1.5759 | 20 |
| 실시예 2 | 97.2 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.95 | 20.1 | 1.6896 | 1.4828 | 14.5 |
| 실시예 3 | 96.2 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.43 | 37.8 | 1.8008 | 1.6412 | 33 |
| 실시예 4 | 96.2 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.43 | 35.5 | 1.7892 | 1.6215 | 33.2 |
| 실시예 5 | 96.2 | 0.8 | 3.0 | 0 | 1.43 | 27.7 | 1.8213 | 1.6771 | 34.2 |
| 실시예 6 | 97.2 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 0 | 0.95 | 16.5 | 1.6845 | 1.4789 | 17.2 |
| 비교예 1 | 98.2 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.48 | 6 | 1.9131 | 1.7120 | 41.5 |
| 비교예 2 | 96.2 | 0.8 | 0 | 3.0 | 측정 불가 | ||||
| 비교예 3 | 95.6 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.71 | 49.2 | 1.9236 | 1.7321 | 43.1 |
| 접착력 (gf/20mm) |
충전 용량 (mAh/g) |
|
| 실시예 7 | 25.1 | 159.0 |
| 실시예 8 | 33.4 | 158.0 |
| 실시예 9 | 41.9 | 157.2 |
| 비교예 4 | 19.1 | 160.9 |
| 비교예 5 | 32.9 | 156.8 |
Claims (18)
- 양극 집전체의 적어도 일면에 배치되는 양극 활물질층을 포함하고,상기 양극 활물질층은, 리튬 전이금속 인산화물, 불소계 바인더 및 도전재를 포함하고,상기 리튬 전이금속 인산화물은, 표면에 형성된 탄소 코팅층을 포함하며,상기 양극 활물질층 내에서, 상기 도전재 및 리튬 전이금속 인산화물의 탄소의 총 중량 A에 대한, 상기 불소계 바인더의 총 중량 B의 비율(B/A)은 0.7 내지 1.7 인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층 내에서 상기 도전재 및 리튬 전이금속 인산화물의 탄소의 총 중량 A에 대한, 상기 불소계 바인더의 중량 B의 비율(B/A)은 0.72 내지 1.3 인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 불소계 바인더는 상기 양극 활물질층 내에 3 중량% 이하로 포함되는 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 불소계 바인더는 상기 양극 활물질층 내에 1.6 내지 2.7 중량%로 포함되는 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층은 하기 식 1에 따른 기공도가 25 내지 30% 범위인 양극.[식 1]기공도(%) = {1 - (양극 활물질층의 측정밀도/양극 활물질의 진밀도)}×100
- 청구항 5에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층은 상기 식 1에 따른 기공도가 26 내지 29% 범위인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 불소계 바인더는, 중량평균분자량(Mw)이 500,000 g/mol 내지 750,000 g/mol 인 제1 불소계 바인더 및 중량평균분자량(Mw)이 800,000 g/mol 이상인 제2 불소계 바인더를 포함하는 양극.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 제1 불소계 바인더는, 폴리비닐리덴플루오라이드(PVdF)의 호모 폴리머인 양극.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 제2 불소계 바인더는, 극성 작용기를 포함하는 폴리비닐리덴플루오라이드(PVdF)인 양극.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 제2 불소계 바인더는 중량평균분자량(Mw)이 900,000 g/mol 내지 2,000,000 g/mol인 양극.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,제1 불소계 바인더와 제2 불소계 바인더의 중량비는, 2:3~3:1인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층 내에서, 상기 불소계 바인더의 총 중량 C 에 대한 리튬 전이금속 인산화물의 중량 D의 비율(D/C)은 32 내지 82 인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 전이금속 인산화물은, 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 양극.[화학식 1]Li1+aM11-xM2x(POy-b)Db상기 화학식 1에서M1은 Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn 및 Mg 중 선택된 1종 이상의 원소이고,M2는 2족 내지 15족 중 어느 하나에서 선택되는 것으로서 원소 M1을 제외한 1종 이상의 원소이고,D는 F, S 및 N으로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택된 1종 이상이며,-0.5≤a≤+0.5, 0≤x≤0.5, 3.95≤y≤4.05, 0≤b≤1이다.
- 청구항 13에 있어서,상기 화학식 1에서 M1은 Fe이고, M2는 Al, Mg, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn 및 Y로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택된 1종 이상인 것인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층의 로딩량은 450 내지 650 mg/25㎠ 범위인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 도전재는 탄소나노튜브인 양극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질층은 수소화 니트릴 부타디엔 고무를 더 포함하는 양극.
- 청구항 1 내지 청구항 17 중 어느 하나의 청구항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
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| CN118696429A (zh) | 2024-09-24 |
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