WO2024100349A1 - Système et procédé d'aide à la navigation d'un système mobile - Google Patents
Système et procédé d'aide à la navigation d'un système mobile Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024100349A1 WO2024100349A1 PCT/FR2023/051741 FR2023051741W WO2024100349A1 WO 2024100349 A1 WO2024100349 A1 WO 2024100349A1 FR 2023051741 W FR2023051741 W FR 2023051741W WO 2024100349 A1 WO2024100349 A1 WO 2024100349A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/38—Electronic maps specially adapted for navigation; Updating thereof
- G01C21/3804—Creation or updating of map data
- G01C21/3807—Creation or updating of map data characterised by the type of data
- G01C21/3826—Terrain data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
- G06N3/0464—Convolutional networks [CNN, ConvNet]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/10—Segmentation; Edge detection
- G06T7/11—Region-based segmentation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
- G06T7/73—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/38—Electronic maps specially adapted for navigation; Updating thereof
- G01C21/3804—Creation or updating of map data
- G01C21/3833—Creation or updating of map data characterised by the source of data
- G01C21/3848—Data obtained from both position sensors and additional sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10024—Color image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10028—Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20081—Training; Learning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
- G06T2207/20084—Artificial neural networks [ANN]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30241—Trajectory
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30248—Vehicle exterior or interior
- G06T2207/30252—Vehicle exterior; Vicinity of vehicle
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of aiding the navigation of a mobile system of the robot or autonomous vehicle type moving on terrain, and more particularly that of generating a navigable trajectory by the mobile system on the ground.
- the invention aims to propose a solution for generating a traversable trajectory for a mobile system moving on terrain which is both reliable and efficient.
- the invention proposes a computer-implemented method for aiding the navigation of a mobile system, comprising: - obtaining an optical image of a scene acquired by a camera on board the mobile system;
- determining the semantic map of the scene, the depth map of the scene and the confidence map of the depth map includes the processing of the optical image, the depth image and the mask uncertainty of the depth image by a first convolutional neural network which comprises a succession of convolutional layers, each convolutional layer comprising a first convolution block capable of estimating a map of semantic attributes, a second convolution block capable of estimating a depth attribute map and a third convolution block capable of estimating a confidence attribute map;
- the second convolution block of a convolutional layer of rank N+1 in the succession of convolutional layers is configured to: o calculate the product of the confidence attribute map estimated by the third convolution block of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers with the depth attribute map estimated by the second convolution block of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers; o calculate a first convolution result by applying a convolution kernel to said product; o calculate a second convolution result by application of the convolution kernel to the confidence attribute map estimated by the third convolution block of the convolution layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers; o calculate the ratio of the first and second correlation results;
- the second convolution block of a convolutional layer of rank N+1 in the succession of convolutional layers is configured to: o calculate the product of the confidence attribute map estimated by the third convolution block of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers with a concatenation map resulting from the concatenation of the semantic attribute map estimated by the first convolution block of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers and the map of depth attributes estimated by the second convolution block of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers; o calculate a first convolution result by applying a convolution kernel to said product; o calculate a second convolution result by applying the convolution kernel to the confidence attribute map estimated by the third convolution block of the convolution layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers; o calculate the ratio of the first and second correlation results;
- - the second convolution block of the convolutional layer of rank N+1 in the succession of convolutional layers is further configured to add a bias to the ratio of the first and the second correlation result;
- - the first convolution block of a convolutional layer of rank N+1 in the succession of convolutional layers takes as input a concatenation map resulting from the concatenation of the semantic attribute map estimated by the first convolution block of the layer convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers with the depth attribute map estimated by the second convolution block of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers;
- the depth map and the confidence map of the depth map includes the determination of a concatenation map by concatenation of the semantic map, the depth map and the map of confidence of the depth map and the processing of the concatenation map by a second convolutional neural network.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause it to implement the steps of the method according to the invention.
- the invention also extends to a terrain mapping device intended to be embedded on a mobile system, comprising a processor configured to implement the steps of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a possible embodiment of a method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents the operations carried out by a convolutional layer of a first convolutional neural network that can be used by the invention
- FIG. 3 more particularly represents the operations carried out by the second and the third convolution block of a convolutional layer of a first convolutional neural network which can be used by the invention.
- the invention relates in particular to a terrain mapping device intended to be embedded on a mobile system, for example an off-road type land mobile system such as a robot, a drone or an autonomous vehicle.
- a mobile system for example an off-road type land mobile system such as a robot, a drone or an autonomous vehicle.
- This device includes a traversability estimation unit configured to generate a trajectory traversable by the mobile system from a stream of images coming from a camera as well as depth measurements from a telemeter.
- the traversability estimation unit advantageously achieves the fusion of a geometric solution for estimating the 3D of the terrain (its depth in occurrence) with a semantic terrain segmentation solution.
- the traversability estimation unit also uses a confidence map associated with the reliability of the prediction of the geometric solution, which greatly improves performance.
- the traversability estimation unit delivers a traversability map, for example a binary map in which each point of the terrain imaged by the camera is identified as being traversable or not by the mobile system or even a map in which a probability of traversability is associated with each point on the ground.
- a traversability map for example a binary map in which each point of the terrain imaged by the camera is identified as being traversable or not by the mobile system or even a map in which a probability of traversability is associated with each point on the ground.
- the traversability estimation unit is configured to implement the method which will be described below with reference to Figure 1.
- This method includes obtaining an RGB optical image of a scene (in this case a terrain on which the mobile system is moving), acquired by a camera on board the mobile system.
- the camera is for example a monocular camera.
- the images successively acquired by the camera are typically RGB images of the terrain, ensuring functionality in visible light.
- nighttime operation is ensured by using another wavelength range (infrared for example).
- the method also includes a LiDAR step for obtaining a cloud of 3D points of the scene acquired by a range finder on board the mobile system.
- the rangefinder is for example a laser rangefinder, such as a LiDAR.
- the method then comprises a step of projecting, in 2D in the camera frame, the 3D points of the cloud and an uncertainty relating to the measurement of each of the 3D points of the cloud to provide respectively a depth image and a mask of the uncertainty of the depth image (ie, a map in which an uncertainty relating to the determination of the depth is associated with each point on the ground).
- the rangefinder provides sparse depth measurements that are usually artificially densified by encoding unobserved pixels. Furthermore, by using the power (amplitude) of the signal received by the rangefinder, which corresponds for example to the quantity of light which returns to the sensor after a shot, it is possible to deduce an uncertainty in the depth measurements. Indeed, the quantity of light received in return by the sensor is directly correlated to the material on which it is projected and provides information on the reliability of the distance calculated at this point.
- the method then comprises a step consisting of determining a semantic map MS of the scene, a depth map MD of the scene and a confidence map MT of the depth map from the optical image, from the depth image and the uncertainty mask of the depth image.
- This step is for example implemented by a first convolutional neural network CNN1 suitably pre-trained for this purpose.
- This step carries out the simultaneous inference of 3D (the depth map) and the semantics of the image (the semantic map). This results in a better prediction of these two modalities, with minimized calculation time. Furthermore, this step exploits an uncertainty determined a priori from the telemetry data to estimate a reliability (the confidence map) on the predictions.
- the method continues with a step consisting of determining a CT traversability map of the scene by the mobile system by merging the semantic map, the depth map and the confidence map of the depth map.
- This step is for example implemented by a second convolutional neural network CNN2 suitably pre-trained for this purpose.
- This step takes advantage of both modalities (3D and semantic) and merges them using trust as a weighting.
- the first convolutional neural network CNN1 comprises a succession of convolutional layers CN, CN+I and each convolutional layer can comprise a first convolution block B1N, B1N+I capable of estimating a map of semantic attributes FMSN, FMSN+I, a second convolution block B2N, B2N+I capable of estimating a depth attribute map FM DN, FM ⁇ N+i and a third convolution block B3N, B3N+I capable of estimating a depth attribute map trust attributes FMTN, FMTN+I.
- the first convolution block B1N+I of the convolutional layer of rank N+l in the succession of convolutional layers takes as input the semantic attribute map FMSN estimated by the first convolution block B1N of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers. This is true for N integer greater than or equal to 1, while the first convolution block of the first convolutional layer in the succession of convolutional layers takes the optical image as input.
- the first convolution block B1N+I of the convolutional layer of rank N+l in the succession of convolutional layers takes as input a concatenation map resulting from the concatenation, identified by the reference and in figure 2, of the semantic attribute map FMSN estimated by the first convolution block B1N of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers and of the depth attribute map FM DN estimated by the second block of convolution B2N of the convolutional layer of rank N.
- N integer greater than or equal to 1
- the first convolution block of the first convolutional layer in the succession of convolutional layers takes as input the concatenation of the optical image and depth image.
- the first convolutional neural network thus comprises a first branch (the succession of the first convolution blocks) which works on estimating the semantics of the scene by taking advantage of optical information from the camera but also from depth information from the rangefinder. Semantic segmentation is improved.
- the second convolution block B2N+I of the convolutional layer of rank N+l in the succession of convolutional layers takes as input the depth attribute map FM DN estimated by the second convolution block B2N of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers and the confidence attribute map FMSN estimated by the third convolution block B3N of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers.
- N integer greater than or equal to 1
- the second convolution block of the first convolutional layer in the succession of convolutional layers takes as input the depth image and the uncertainty mask of the depth map.
- the second convolution block B2N+I of the convolutional layer of rank N+1 in the succession of convolutional layers takes as input, on the one hand the concatenation map resulting from the concatenation, identified by the reference and, of the semantic attribute map FMSN estimated by the first convolution block B1N of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers and of the depth attribute map FM DN estimated by the second convolution block B2N of the convolutional layer of rank N and, on the other hand, the FMSN confidence attribute map estimated by the third convolution block B3N of the convolutional layer of rank N in the succession of convolutional layers.
- N integer greater than or equal to 1
- the second convolution block of the first convolutional layer in the succession of convolutional layers takes as input, on the one hand, the concatenation of the optical image and the image depth and, on the other hand, the uncertainty mask of the depth map.
- the first convolutional neural network thus comprises a second branch (the succession of second convolution blocks) which works on estimating the depth of the scene by taking advantage of the depth information coming from the telemeter but also from the optical information from the camera. Semantic depth estimation is improved.
- Figure 3 represents a possible realization of operations implemented by the second and the third convolution block of a convolutional layer of the first network of convolutional neurons.
- • corresponds to a point-by-point multiplication, * to a convolution, / to a division and + to an addition.
- T(W) represents the kernel of the convolution.
- the learning of the first neural network is carried out so as to determine the parameters corresponding to the product AB for a task of generating the depth map from sparse input data associated with a confidence a priori. More specifically, the basis B is set to be equal to a tensor of 1 and the applicability function A is learned during the network training phase.
- the applicability function A corresponds to the convolution parameters. Because applicability must remain a positive function, the positivity of the convolution weights must be guaranteed. Thus, a softplus function T(.) can be applied to the weights W of the convolution. If we base our on equation (1), the depth propagation becomes:
- the second convolution block B2N+I of a convolutional layer of rank N+1 in the succession of convolutional layers can be configured for:
- the second convolution blocks take as input only the depth attributes FM DN and not the result of their concatenation with the semantic attributes FMSN.
- This other possible realization is illustrated in Figure 3 and according to it the second convolution block B2N+I of a convolutional layer of rank N+1 in the succession of convolutional layers is configured for:
- each second convolution block can further be configured to add a bias term BS to the result of the ratio of the first and second correlation results.
- This bias term makes it possible to increase the capacity of the first neural network.
- Figure 3 also illustrates a third convolution block B3N+I.
- This block performs a conventional convolution for trust propagation.
- This block can include a ReLU (Rectifier Linear Unit) activation function to guarantee positivity and maintain dimension between confidence attribute maps and depth attribute maps.
- ReLU Rectifier Linear Unit
- the first convolution blocks which determine the semantic attribute maps can take the form of conventional convolution blocks.
- a possible realization of learning the first convolutional neural network exploits the following cost function to learn to regress the depth and model the inverse of uncertainty (ie, confidence).
- S be a set of coordinates where the depth value is given in the ground truth, log predicted log-confidence, depth ground truth and the predicted depth.
- the cost function can be defined as follows:
- ⁇ is a hyperparameter
- L p is the regression error defined by equation (6)
- Pen is a penalization term defined by equation (7) which allows preventing the case where the output confidences are equal to 0.
- the term on the left is the product of the regression error and the confidence.
- the p — norm is to be replaced by the desired regression error.
- confidence acts as a weight on the regression error and therefore impacts the learning speed, both globally and relatively.
- the value of the average confidence also decreases, therefore the learning speed decreases overall.
- the greater the entropy of the confidence distribution the more the impact on the learning speed will be varied depending on the spatial locations. The choice of A therefore controls the average confidence and the entropy of the distribution, thus impacting learning.
- log confidence prediction can be performed to improve the stability of learning. Also, in order to maintain the confidence outputs in the interval [0, 1] to facilitate the interpretation of the results, a (-1) x ReLU activation can be performed on the last layer to obtain a negative log confidence, which allows producing a final confidence output in the interval [0, 1].
- the first convolutional neural network outputs a semantic map MS, a depth map MD and a confidence map MT of the depth map.
- the determination of the CT traversability map of the scene by the mobile system may comprise the determination of a concatenation map by concatenation of the semantic map, the depth map and the confidence map of the depth map and the processing of the concatenation map by the second convolutional neural network CNN2.
- This second network can be a convolutional network of conventional architecture.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380077199.5A CN120167033A (zh) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | 用于对移动系统的导航进行辅助的系统和方法 |
| EP23814238.4A EP4616148A1 (fr) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Système et procédé d'aide à la navigation d'un système mobile |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2211564 | 2022-11-07 | ||
| FR2211564A FR3141763B1 (fr) | 2022-11-07 | 2022-11-07 | Système et procédé d’aide à la navigation d’un système mobile |
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| WO2024100349A1 true WO2024100349A1 (fr) | 2024-05-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/FR2023/051741 Ceased WO2024100349A1 (fr) | 2022-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Système et procédé d'aide à la navigation d'un système mobile |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4616148A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120167033A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3141763B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024100349A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019241022A1 (fr) | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | Nvidia Corporation | Détection de chemin pour machines autonomes utilisant des réseaux neuronaux profonds |
| EP3945349A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-02 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Procédé et système permettant de déterminer des informations d'image 3d |
-
2022
- 2022-11-07 FR FR2211564A patent/FR3141763B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-11-07 CN CN202380077199.5A patent/CN120167033A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-07 WO PCT/FR2023/051741 patent/WO2024100349A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-07 EP EP23814238.4A patent/EP4616148A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019241022A1 (fr) | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | Nvidia Corporation | Détection de chemin pour machines autonomes utilisant des réseaux neuronaux profonds |
| EP3945349A1 (fr) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-02 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Procédé et système permettant de déterminer des informations d'image 3d |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| CHEN LIANG ET AL: "Lidar-histogram for fast road and obstacle detection", 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE, 29 May 2017 (2017-05-29), pages 1343 - 1348, XP033126901, DOI: 10.1109/ICRA.2017.7989159 * |
| GU SHUO ET AL: "3-D LiDAR + Monocular Camera: An Inverse-Depth-Induced Fusion Framework for Urban Road Detection", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES, IEEE, vol. 3, no. 3, 1 September 2018 (2018-09-01), pages 351 - 360, XP011689287, ISSN: 2379-8858, [retrieved on 20180824], DOI: 10.1109/TIV.2018.2843170 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3141763B1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
| FR3141763A1 (fr) | 2024-05-10 |
| CN120167033A (zh) | 2025-06-17 |
| EP4616148A1 (fr) | 2025-09-17 |
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