WO2024106421A1 - miRNAの捕集方法、捕集用メンブレンフィルター、捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニット、及び捕集用キット - Google Patents
miRNAの捕集方法、捕集用メンブレンフィルター、捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニット、及び捕集用キット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024106421A1 WO2024106421A1 PCT/JP2023/040901 JP2023040901W WO2024106421A1 WO 2024106421 A1 WO2024106421 A1 WO 2024106421A1 JP 2023040901 W JP2023040901 W JP 2023040901W WO 2024106421 A1 WO2024106421 A1 WO 2024106421A1
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
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- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/14—Type of nucleic acid interfering nucleic acids [NA]
- C12N2310/141—MicroRNAs, miRNAs
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- This specification discloses a method for concentrating miRNA, a membrane filter for concentration, a membrane filter unit for collection, and a kit for concentration.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulating fat-soluble ascorbyl tetrahexyldecanoate.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing PLGA nanoparticles having a particle size that allows them to pass through a membrane filter for sterilization.
- Patent Document 3 discloses PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating asORN corresponding to a specific region of antisense RNA against interferon- ⁇ .
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method for extracting DNA and RNA using Urine Conditioning Buffer (trademark).
- miRNAs contained in liquid samples such as urine collected from subjects are being collected and analyzed as non-invasive urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of cancer and tuberculosis.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for collecting miRNA with high yield.
- Item 1 A method for collecting miRNA from a liquid sample collected from a subject, comprising: contacting a liquid sample with capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles; and recovering miRNA from the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles that have been contacted with the liquid sample;
- the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles are The method comprises a nanoparticle core comprising PLGA, a coating layer comprising a cationic polymer covering the surface of the core, and a capture probe bound to the coating layer, the capture probe being an oligonucleotide.
- Item 2 The method according to Item 1, wherein the cationic polymer is chitosan.
- Item 3 The method according to item 1, wherein the oligonucleotide comprises a random sequence or a target miRNA-specific sequence.
- Item 4. A collection membrane filter for collecting miRNA from a liquid sample, the collection membrane filter supporting capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles, The capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles are The nanoparticle comprises a core of a nanoparticle containing PLGA, a coating layer containing a cationic polymer covering the surface of the core, and a capture probe bound to the coating layer, the capture probe being an oligonucleotide. Collection membrane filter.
- a collecting membrane filter unit for collecting miRNA from a liquid sample comprising a filter holder incorporating the collecting membrane filter according to Item 4, an injection tube, and a discharge tube.
- Item 6 A kit for collecting miRNA from a liquid sample, comprising the collecting membrane filter unit according to Item 5, and an injector for injecting the liquid sample into the collecting membrane filter unit.
- the outline of the method for producing capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles is shown.
- A shows the appearance of the miRNA-capturing membrane filter unit 1.
- B shows a midline cross-sectional view of the miRNA-capturing membrane filter unit 1.
- 1 shows an outline of a method for capturing miRNA in a liquid sample using capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles,
- A showing an outline of a first embodiment, and
- the figures show the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA in urine.
- A shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA in the control where no PLGA nanoparticles were added.
- FIG. 1 shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA recovered directly from urine without using chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles not bound to a capture probe.
- C shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA when Urine Conditioning Buffer (trademark) was used.
- D shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA recovered directly from urine using capture probe-bound chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles.
- Figure 5 (A) is a scanning electron microscope image of chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles supported on a nitrocellulose filter, and (B) is a scanning electron microscope image of chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles supported on a PVDF filter.
- Capture Probe-Bound Cationic Polymer-Modified PLGA Nanoparticles One embodiment relates to cationic polymer-modified PLGA (polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles having a capture probe bound thereto.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a method for preparing capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles and the prepared capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles.
- the core of the cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticle is a nanoparticle containing PLGA, and the surface of the core is provided with a coating layer containing a cationic polymer.
- the molecular weight of the PLGA used as the core is preferably within the range of 5,000 to 200,000, and more preferably within the range of 15,000 to 25,000.
- the composition ratio of lactic acid to glycolic acid may be 1:99 to 99:1, but it is preferable that the ratio is 1 part lactic acid to 0.333 parts glycolic acid.
- cationic polymers include chitosan and chitosan derivatives, cationic cellulose obtained by binding multiple cationic groups to cellulose, polyamino compounds such as polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine, and polyallylamine, polyamino acids such as polyornithine and polylysine, polyvinylimidazole, polyvinylpyridinium chloride, alkylamino methacrylate quaternary salt polymer (DAM), alkylamino methacrylate quaternary salt-acrylamide copolymer (DAA), and cationic polymers in which cationic groups such as quaternary ammonium salts are bound to polymers whose constituent units are 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorcholine (MPC), which has both a phospholipid polar group (phosphorylcholine group) that is a component of cell membranes (biomembranes) and a methacryloyl group with excellent polymerizability (for
- Chitosan or its derivatives are particularly suitable.
- an example of a chitosan derivative is hydroxypropyl chitosan (cationized chitosan).
- amount of cationic polymer coated it is usually about 1 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably about 3 to 8 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of PLGA.
- PLGA nanoparticles are produced by electrospray deposition (ESD).
- ESD electrospray deposition
- an emulsion is formed, and then the polymer is crystallized into a sphere by utilizing the mutual diffusion between a good solvent (organic solvent) and a poor solvent (hydrophilic solvent containing a cationic polymer and polyvinyl alcohol).
- the procedure is as follows: first, PLGA is dissolved in a good solvent, and the mixture is dropped into a poor solvent under stirring, whereupon the good solvent in the mixture rapidly diffuses into the poor solvent. As a result, self-emulsification of the good solvent occurs in the poor solvent, forming submicron-sized emulsion droplets of the good solvent.
- PLGA nanoparticles have a structure in which a PLGA core is coated with polyvinyl alcohol, and the outer layer is further coated with a cationic polymer.
- the concentration of PLGA in the good solvent is about 8 mg/mL to 15 mg/mL, preferably about 10 mg/mL to 13 mg/mL.
- the good solvent preferably contains acetone and ethanol. There is no particular restriction on the mixture ratio of acetone and ethanol in the good solvent, but it is preferable that the ethanol concentration is 10% by volume or more. If necessary, a solvent other than acetone and ethanol, such as water, may be mixed into the good solvent.
- the poor solvent may be water, and the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol in the poor solvent may be in the range of 0.05% by weight to 10% by weight.
- the organic solvent which is a good solvent
- the organic solvent which is a good solvent
- the rigidity of the biocompatible polymer constituting the nanoparticles decreases and the fluidity increases, causing the nanoparticles to fuse together, and the pressure filtration characteristics are significantly reduced in the filtration sterilization step following the distillation step. Therefore, the distillation step needs to be performed at as low a temperature as possible and in a short time. Specifically, it is preferable to perform the distillation step at 45°C or less within 30 hours.
- the particle size of the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles thus prepared is approximately 240 nm on average.
- a capture probe is bound to the coating layer of the cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles.
- the capture probe contains an oligonucleotide.
- the oligonucleotide contains a random sequence, such as a random primer, or a target miRNA-specific sequence.
- the length of the oligonucleotide is about 6 to 20 nucleotides.
- a random primer for example, Promega's random primer (hexamer) can be used.
- Target miRNA-specific sequences include sequences complementary to miR451a in active tuberculosis infection, and to miR-192, miR-18a, and miR-221 in pancreatic cancer. By using target miRNA-specific sequences, it is possible to increase the recovery amount of a specific miRNA, unlike the recovery method of Non-Patent Document 1.
- the capture probe is bound to the coating layer of the cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles via electrostatic binding.
- the surface of the cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles is positively charged, so negatively charged substances such as nucleic acids can be electrostatically bound to it.
- oligonucleotides and, for example, mannitol are added to a suspension of cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles, and the suspension is freeze-dried, for example, at about -45°C to form a powder, thereby obtaining capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles.
- Collection Membrane Filter for Collecting miRNA
- a collection membrane filter for collecting miRNA hereinafter, also simply referred to as a "collection membrane filter”
- Membrane filters are membranes with pores.
- the pore size is preferably about 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.45 ⁇ m.
- materials of the membrane filter include nitrocellulose, glass, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Materials that are resistant to organic solvents, such as PVDF, are preferred.
- Capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles can be supported on a membrane filter by the following method.
- a suspension containing approximately 0.01 to 20 mg/ml of capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles is prepared.
- the solvent for preparing the suspension is preferably a hydrophilic solvent such as water or a buffer.
- a membrane filter is set in a suction filtration device. If the membrane filter is a hydrophobic PVDF membrane or the like, it is preferable to first allow methanol to penetrate the membrane filter, and then allow the hydrophilic solvent to swell.
- the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles can be supported on the membrane filter and the hydrophilic solvent can be removed to prepare a collection membrane filter.
- Collection Membrane Filter Unit for Collecting miRNA
- filter unit 1 a collection membrane filter unit 1 (hereinafter also simply referred to as "filter unit 1") for collecting miRNA.
- the filter unit 1 may have a structure as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-031480.
- the filter unit 1 includes a filter holder 13 incorporating the collection membrane filter 15 prepared in 2. above, an injection tube 11b, and an exhaust tube 12b.
- reference numeral 11a indicates an injection port
- reference numeral 12a indicates an exhaust port.
- the injection port 11a is connected to an injector (e.g., an injection syringe) for injecting a liquid sample.
- an injector e.g., an injection syringe
- connection is made by inserting the tip of the injector on the exhaust side (in the case of an injection syringe, the end where the injection needle is usually attached) into the injection port 11a of the filter unit 1.
- the injection port 11a of the filter unit 1 has a female luer lock structure.
- the filter holder 13 is preferably made of plastic so that it can be used disposably.
- Fig. 2(B) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the filter unit 1 taken along its midline.
- the filter folder 13 is disk-shaped and has a two-layer structure of a filter folder upper part 13a and a filter folder lower part 13b, and a fastening ring 13c for sealing the collection membrane filter 15 and the filter folder upper part 13a and the filter folder lower part 13b.
- the injection tube 11b is connected to the center of the filter folder upper part 13a, and the inside of the injection tube 11b has a tubular structure and forms the injection lumen 11c.
- the discharge tube 12b is connected to the center of the filter folder lower part 13b, and the inside of the discharge tube 12b has a tubular structure and forms the discharge lumen 12c.
- the filter folder upper part 13a and the filter folder lower part 13b are designed to form a disk-shaped space 14 on the filter folder upper part 13a side when the collection membrane filter 15 is sandwiched between them and fastened by the fastening ring 13c.
- This space 14 is filled with liquid when liquid is injected and serves as a pressure chamber.
- the space 14 is formed by the inside of a collar 20 that extends circularly downward from the filter folder upper part 13a.
- the upper part of the filter holder lower part 13b forms a concave structure that fits onto the outer edge of the collar 20.
- a spider web-shaped groove is cut into the bottom surface of the concave structure from the opening of the discharge pipe 12b, and is designed to ensure a flow path for the liquid that has passed through the collection membrane filter 15.
- annular outward flange 17 is formed on the lower side of the upper filter folder portion 13a. Further, an annular outward flange 18 that is complementary to the flange 17 is formed on the upper side of the lower filter folder portion 13b.
- the tightening ring 13c is designed to fit into the overlapping portion of the flange 17 and the flange 18.
- the collection membrane filter 15 is circular and does not fit between the flanges 17 and 18, but is positioned so that it fits over the fitting between the collar 20 and the recessed structure of the lower part of the filter folder 13b, and is fixed between the collar 20 and the bottom surface of the recessed structure of the lower part of the filter folder 13b.
- the liquid injected from the inlet 11a passes through the injection tube 11b to fill the space 14, and due to the pressure of the injector that injected the liquid, it passes through the collection membrane filter 15 and is discharged from the outlet 12a via the outlet tube 12b.
- the miRNA in the liquid sample is captured by the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles.
- the clamping ring 13c is removable, and by removing the clamping ring 13c, the collection membrane filter 15 that has filtered the liquid sample can be collected.
- the size of the collection membrane filter 15 is approximately 10 mm to 35 mm in diameter. Accordingly, the diameter of the filter holder 13 is also approximately 13 mm to 40 mm. Furthermore, if the height is taken as the distance from the inlet 11a to the outlet 12a, the height is approximately 20 mm to 30 mm.
- kits for Collecting miRNA from a Liquid Sample One embodiment relates to a kit for collecting miRNA from a liquid sample.
- the kit includes the filter unit 1 described in 3. above, and an injector.
- the injector may be a syringe for injection or the like.
- the injector is preferably capable of storing at least 10 mL of a liquid sample.
- One embodiment relates to a method for collecting miRNA in a liquid sample (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as a "collection method").
- the collection method includes contacting a liquid sample with capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles, and recovering the miRNA from the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles that have come into contact with the liquid sample.
- the liquid specimen may be urine, serum, plasma, pleural fluid, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, puncture fluid, puncture fluid other than the above, throat swab, etc., which may be collected from a subject.
- Urine is preferable.
- throat swab with high viscosity a cotton swab used for swabbing the throat may be washed in sterile saline, and the washing may be used as the specimen.
- Subjects may include humans, dogs, cats, rabbits, mice, rats, monkeys, cows, horses, sheep, goats, and the like.
- the collection method may include the following two embodiments.
- First embodiment is a method in which the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles described in 1. above are directly added to a liquid sample, the liquid sample is brought into contact with the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles, and the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles are collected after contact.
- An overview of the collection method is shown in Figure 3 (A). If there is miRNA in the liquid sample that hybridizes to the capture probe, it is captured by the capture probe.
- the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles can be recovered, for example, by centrifuging at about 40,000-50,000 ⁇ g and about 0-10°C for about 20-40 minutes to precipitate the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles that have come into contact with the liquid sample, and then removing the supernatant.
- Second embodiment is a method using the filter unit 1 described in 3 above. An overview is shown in Figure 3 (B). A liquid sample is placed in a syringe, and the filter unit 1 is placed at the tip of the syringe.
- the liquid sample is pushed out from the injector, and the filtrate that passes through the collection membrane filter 15 is discarded from the outlet 12a of the filter unit 1.
- the liquid sample comes into contact with the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles supported on the collection membrane filter 15, and any miRNA that hybridizes to the capture probe is captured by the capture probe.
- the clamping ring 13c is removed, and the collection membrane filter 15 is recovered.
- miRNA can be recovered from capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles that have come into contact with a liquid sample by adding a phenol/chloroform mixture to the capture probe-bound cationic polymer-modified PLGA nanoparticles, performing phenol/chloroform extraction, and then performing ethanol precipitation.
- the collected collection membrane filter 15 is immersed in acetone or toluene to dissolve the PLGA nanoparticles and elute the nucleic acid from the membrane filter.
- a phenol/chloroform mixture is added to this eluate, and phenol/chloroform extraction is performed, followed by ethanol precipitation to recover the nucleic acid.
- PLGA 200 mg was dissolved in 13 mL of acetone, which is a good solvent, to prepare a polymer solution. 4 mL of ethanol was added and mixed to prepare a mixed good solvent. Next, 525 mg of 2 wt% chitosan (KIMICA Chitosan) aqueous solution was added to 5 g of 2 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA: Gohsenol EG-05, Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry) aqueous solution and mixed to prepare a poor solvent for PLGA.
- KIMICA Chitosan 2 wt% chitosan
- PVA Gohsenol EG-05, Nippon Synthetic Chemical Industry
- the mixed good solvent was added dropwise at a constant rate (20 mL/min) to this poor solvent under stirring at 400 rpm at 40°C, and a suspension of PLGA nanoparticles was obtained by the diffusion phenomenon of the good solvent into the poor solvent.
- acetone and ethanol were distilled off under reduced pressure, and random primer (Promega: Hexamer) was added to the resulting nanoparticle suspension to a final concentration of 0.0056%, which was then freeze-dried at -45°C to obtain a powder of random primer-bound chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles.
- PLGA nanoparticles Approximately 2 ml of purified water was added to 10 mg of powdered random primer-bound chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles (hereinafter simply referred to as "PLGA nanoparticles") and the mixture was uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic treatment.
- the mixture was centrifuged at 48,000 ⁇ g at 4°C for 30 min to precipitate the PLGA nanoparticles, and the supernatant was removed.
- RNA and miRNA recovery amount The amount of RNA recovered was measured by capillary electrophoresis.
- the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer Electrophoresis System was used for capillary electrophoresis, and the amount of RNA was quantified using the 2100 Expert Software.
- Figure 4 shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA in urine.
- A shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA in the control without added PLGA.
- B shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA recovered directly from urine without using chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles not bound to a capture probe.
- C shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA when Urine Conditioning BufferTM (UCB) is used.
- D shows the recovery amounts of small RNA and miRNA recovered directly from urine using capture probe-bound chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles.
- RNA/miRNA The amount of RNA recovered, expressed as small RNA/miRNA (pg/ ⁇ L), was 404/333 in the control, 360/276 in PLGA empty, 4,781/4,661 in UCB, and 4,220/4,059 in capture probe-conjugated chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-Random primer). Small RNA and miRNA were recovered in amounts similar to those recovered in UCB using capture probe-conjugated chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles.
- a suspension of chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles (containing 22.4 mg of chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles in 2.2752 g of suspension) was placed in the upper tank of the suction filter and sucked in using a water flow. Water was again placed in the upper tank of the suction filter and sucked in using a water flow. The filtered filters were collected and frozen. The frozen filters were fixed, dehydrated, and evaporated, and the filter surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope.
- Figure 5 (A) is a scanning electron microscope image of chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles supported on a nitrocellulose filter.
- Figure 5 (B) is a scanning electron microscope image of chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles supported on a PVDF filter. In both cases, roughly spherical chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles were supported on the filters.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2には、濾過滅菌用メンブレンフィルターを通過可能な粒子径を有する、PLGAナノ粒子の製造方法が開示されている。
特許文献3には、インターフェロン-αに対するアンチセンスRNAの特定領域に対応するasORNを内包させたPLGAナノ粒子が開示されている。
非特許文献1には、Urine Conditioning Buffer(商標)を使用したDNA及びRNAの抽出方法が記載されている。
本発明は、収率の高いmiRNAの捕集方法を提供することを1つ課題とする。
液体検体と、キャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子とを接触させることと、
液体検体と接触したキャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子からmiRNA回収することとを含み、
前記キャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子は、
PLGAを含むナノ粒子のコアと、コアの表面を覆うカチオン性高分子を含む被覆層と、被覆層に結合したキャプチャープローブを備え、キャプチャープローブはオリゴヌクレオチドである、方法。
項2.カチオン性高分子が、キトサンである、項1に記載の方法。
項3.オリゴヌクレオチドが、ランダム配列を含むか、標的miRNA特異的配列を含む、項1に記載の方法。
項4.液体検体からmiRNAを捕集するための捕集用メンブレンフィルターであって、 前記捕集用メンブレンフィルターは、キャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子を担持し、
前記キャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子は、
PLGAを含むナノ粒子のコアと、コアの表面を覆うカチオン性高分子を含む被覆層と、被覆層に結合したキャプチャープローブを備え、キャプチャープローブはオリゴヌクレオチドである、
捕集用メンブレンフィルター。
項5.項4に記載の捕集用メンブレンフィルターを内蔵したフィルターフォルダーと、注入管と、排出管と、を備える、液体検体からmiRNAを捕集するための捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニット。
項6.項5に記載の捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニットと、捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニットに液体検体を注入するための注入器と、を備えた液体検体からmiRNAを捕集するためのキット。
ある実施形態は、キャプチャープローブを結合させたカチオン性高分子修飾PLGA(ポリ乳酸・グリコール酸共重合体)ナノ粒子に関する。
カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子のコアは、PLGAを含むナノ粒子である。コアの表面にはカチオン性高分子を含む被覆層を備える。
PLGAナノ粒子はエレクトロスプレーデポジション法(ESD法)により製造される。ESD法は、エマルジョンを形成してから、良溶媒(有機溶媒)と貧溶媒(カチオン性高分子とポリビニルアルコールを含む親水性溶媒)との相互拡散を利用してポリマーを球体状に結晶化させる方法である。操作手順としては、まず、良溶媒中にPLGAを溶解し、攪拌下で貧溶媒中に滴下すると、混合液中の良溶媒が貧溶媒中へ急速に拡散移行する。その結果、貧溶媒中で良溶媒の自己乳化が起き、サブミクロンサイズの良溶媒のエマルジョン滴が形成される。さらに、良溶媒と貧溶媒の相互拡散が進むにつれ、エマルジョン滴内のPLGAの溶解度が低下し、最終的に、球形結晶粒子のPLGAナノ粒子が生成する。また、貧溶媒にポリビニルアルコール、及びカチオン性高分子を添加することで、PLGAナノ粒子の表面がポリビニルアルコール、及びカチオン性高分子により被覆され、カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子が生成される。すなわち、PLGAナノ粒子は、PLGAをコアとし、その上をポリビニルアルコールが被覆し、さらにその外層をカチオン性高分子が被覆する構造を備える。
貧溶媒としては、水を用いることができる。貧溶媒中のポリビニルアルコールの濃度は、0.05重量%~10重量%の範囲とすることができる。
カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子の生成後、良溶媒である有機溶媒を減圧留去し、ナノ粒子懸濁液とする。この留去工程において、良溶媒である有機溶媒を生体適合性高分子のガラス転移点を超える温度で長時間に亘って減圧留去すると、ナノ粒子を構成する生体適合性高分子の剛性が低下して流動性が増すことによりナノ粒子同士が融着し、留去工程に続く濾過滅菌工程において加圧濾過特性が著しく低下してしまう。そのため、留去工程はできるだけ低温で、且つ短時間で行う必要がある。具体的には、45℃以下で30時間以内に行うことが好ましい。
カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子の被覆層には、キャプチャープローブが結合する。キャプチャープローブは、オリゴヌクレオチドを含む。オリゴヌクレオチドは、例えばランダムプライマー等のランダム配列を含むか、標的miRNA特異的配列を含む。オリゴヌクレオチドの長さは、6~20ヌクレオチド程度である。
ある実施形態は、miRNAを捕集するための捕集用メンブレンフィルター(以下、単に「捕集用メンブレンフィルター」とも呼ぶ)に関する。
ある実施形態は、miRNAを捕集するための捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニット1(以下、単に「フィルターユニット1」とも呼ぶ)に関する。
次に図2(B)を使ってフィルターフォルダー13内の構造を説明する。図2(B)は、フィルターユニット1の正中線における垂直方向の断面図である。
ある実施形態は、液体検体からmiRNAを捕集するためのキットに関する。
キットは、上記3.において述べたフィルターユニット1と、注入器を備える。注入器は注射用シリンジ等であり得る。注入器は少なくとも10 mLの液体検体を格納できることが好ましい。
ある実施形態は、液体検体中のmiRNAを捕集する方法(以下、単に「捕集方法」と称することもある)に関する。
被検体は、ヒト、イヌ、ネコ、ウサギ、マウス、ラット、サル、ウシ、ウマ、ヒツジ、ヤギ等を含み得る。
(1)第1の実施形態
第1の実施形態は、液体検体に直接上記1.で述べたキャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子を添加することによって、液体検体とキャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子を接触させ、接触後のキャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子を回収する方法である。捕集方法の概要を図3(A)に示す。液体検体中にキャプチャープローブにハイブリダイズするmiRNAがあればキャプチャープローブに捕集される。
第2の実施形態は、上記3.において述べたフィルターユニット1を使用する方法である。概要を図3(B)に示す。液体検体を注入器にセットし、注入器の先端にフィルターユニット1にセットする。
締め付けリング13cは取り外し、捕集用メンブレンフィルター15を回収する。
キトサン修飾PLGAナノ粒子は、ESD法によりPLGA基材(PLGA-7520; 乳酸・グリコール酸重合比=3:1、平均分子量20,000Da)を用いて、以下のようにして調製した。
粉末状のランダムプライマー結合キトサン修飾PLGAナノ粒子(以下、単に「PLGAナノ粒子」とも称する)10 mgに精製水約2 mlを加え、超音波処理を行い均一に分散させた。
RNAの回収量をキャピラリー電気泳動法で測定した。キャピラリー電気泳動にはアジレント社2100バイオアナライザ電気泳動システムを使用し、ソフトウエア2100 Expert SoftwareでRNA量を定量化した。
吸引濾過装置を使って、ポアサイズ0.45μmのニトロセルロースフィルター[HARG(CAT.NO. HABG04700)]とポアサイズ0.22μmのPVDFフィルター(ディラポアGV)にキトサン修飾PLGAナノ粒子を担持させた。それぞれのフィルターを吸引濾過装置のフィルター設置部分にセットし、はじめに水を吸引濾過装置の上槽に入れ水流を使って吸引し、水を吸引濾過装置の下槽に落とした。次に、キトサン修飾PLGAナノ粒子の懸濁液(懸濁液2.2752g中にキトサン修飾PLGAナノ粒子22.4mg含有)を吸引濾過装置の上槽に入れ水流を使って吸引した。再度、水を吸引濾過装置の上槽に入れ水流を使って吸引した。濾過後のフィルターを回収し、凍結した。凍結したフィルターを固定、脱水、蒸着し、走査型電子顕微鏡によりフィルター表面を観察した。
Claims (6)
- 被検体から採取された液体検体からmiRNAを捕集する方法であって、
液体検体と、キャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子とを接触させることと、
液体検体と接触したキャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子からmiRNA回収することとを含み、
前記キャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子は、
PLGAを含むナノ粒子のコアと、コアの表面を覆うカチオン性高分子を含む被覆層と、被覆層に結合したキャプチャープローブを備え、キャプチャープローブはオリゴヌクレオチドである、
方法。 - カチオン性高分子が、キトサンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- オリゴヌクレオチドが、ランダム配列を含むか、標的miRNA特異的配列を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 液体検体からmiRNAを捕集するための捕集用メンブレンフィルターであって、
前記捕集用メンブレンフィルターは、キャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子を担持し、
前記キャプチャープローブ結合カチオン性高分子修飾PLGAナノ粒子は、
PLGAを含むナノ粒子のコアと、コアの表面を覆うカチオン性高分子を含む被覆層と、被覆層に結合したキャプチャープローブを備え、キャプチャープローブはオリゴヌクレオチドである、
捕集用メンブレンフィルター。 - 請求項4に記載の捕集用メンブレンフィルターを内蔵したフィルターフォルダーと、 注入管と、
排出管と、
を備える、液体検体からmiRNAを捕集するための捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニット。 - 請求項5に記載の捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニットと、
捕集用メンブレンフィルターユニットに液体検体を注入するための注入器と、
を備えた液体検体からmiRNAを捕集するためのキット。
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| JPWO2024106421A1 (ja) | 2024-05-23 |
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