WO2024110290A2 - Verfahren, steuerungsvorrichtung und computerprogramm zum feststellen einer undichtigkeit in einem brennstoffzellensystem sowie dichtheitsanalysevorrichtung und brennstoffzellensystem - Google Patents
Verfahren, steuerungsvorrichtung und computerprogramm zum feststellen einer undichtigkeit in einem brennstoffzellensystem sowie dichtheitsanalysevorrichtung und brennstoffzellensystem Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024110290A2 WO2024110290A2 PCT/EP2023/081990 EP2023081990W WO2024110290A2 WO 2024110290 A2 WO2024110290 A2 WO 2024110290A2 EP 2023081990 W EP2023081990 W EP 2023081990W WO 2024110290 A2 WO2024110290 A2 WO 2024110290A2
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- fuel cell
- cell system
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- signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method, a control device and a computer program for determining a leak in a fuel cell system, in particular for locating the leak, as well as a leak analysis device and a fuel cell system and a use of a hydrogen sensor arranged in a fuel cell system for determining a leak in a fuel cell system, in particular for locating the leak.
- Fuel cell systems are usually fueled with a gas mixture consisting mainly of hydrogen. It is desirable for the fueled gas mixture to have a hydrogen concentration of more than 99%. This high hydrogen concentration in the gas mixture can prevent premature aging and efficiency losses of the fuel cell.
- Hydrogen sensors based on the thermal conductivity measurement principle are known from the state of the art.
- the thermal conductivity of the entire gas mixture is determined, from which the concentration of hydrogen in the gas mixture can be derived, since the thermal conductivity of hydrogen is significantly greater than the thermal conductivity of many other gas components in the gas mixture.
- the present invention is essentially based on the object of locating the location of a leak when a leak is detected in a fuel cell system. This object is achieved with a method according to independent claim 1, a control device according to claim 6, a leak analysis device according to claim 8, a fuel cell system according to claim 9, a computer program according to claim 10, a computer program product according to claim 11 and a use of a hydrogen sensor arranged in an exhaust system of a fuel cell system according to claim 12.
- Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.
- the present invention is essentially based on the idea of localizing a leak in a fuel cell system by evaluating the signals of a hydrogen sensor arranged in an exhaust tract of the fuel cell system, in particular whether the leak is in the membrane of the fuel cell or in a flushing valve arranged in an anode line system of the fuel cell system.
- a leak in the fuel cell system is first detected using the hydrogen sensor arranged in the exhaust system and then the fuel cell system is switched to a diagnostic operating mode during which no gas mixture that previously interacted with the cathode can be present in the exhaust system of the fuel cell system.
- the leak can be localized by evaluating the course of the hydrogen sensor signal received during the diagnostic operating mode from the hydrogen sensor arranged in the exhaust system of the fuel cell system.
- a leaky membrane of the fuel cell of the fuel cell system can be determined. However, if the course of the hydrogen signal during the diagnostic operating mode is essentially not decreasing, in particular essentially constant or even increasing, the leak can be attributed to the purge valve.
- a method for detecting a leak in a fuel cell system comprising an exhaust system.
- the method comprises receiving a Hydrogen signal from a hydrogen sensor arranged in the exhaust system.
- the hydrogen signal is representative of a hydrogen concentration in a gas mixture present in the exhaust system.
- the method according to the invention further comprises sending a diagnostic signal that causes the fuel cell system to switch to a diagnostic operating mode if the received hydrogen signal indicates a hydrogen concentration value in the exhaust system that exceeds a predetermined hydrogen concentration threshold, determining that a membrane of the fuel cell of the fuel cell system is at least partially leaking because the hydrogen signal received during the diagnostic operation of the fuel cell system is substantially falling, or that a purge valve arranged in the anode line system is at least partially leaking if the hydrogen signal received during the diagnostic operation of the fuel cell system is substantially not falling, and sending a control signal that indicates that the membrane or the purge valve is at least partially leaking.
- the leak in the fuel cell system can be localized by evaluating the hydrogen signal of the hydrogen sensor arranged in the exhaust system of the fuel cell system, in particular after a leak in the fuel cell system has been generally detected and the fuel cell system has been switched to the diagnostic operating mode.
- the sending of the diagnostic signal comprises sending a cathode inlet valve closing signal, which causes a cathode inlet valve arranged in a cathode feed line of a cathode line system to close, and/or sending a cathode outlet valve closing signal, which causes a cathode outlet valve arranged in a cathode discharge line of the cathode line system to close.
- the cathode feed line is designed to supply an oxygen
- the cathode discharge line is designed to discharge the oxygen-containing gas mixture supplied to the cathode of the fuel cell system into the exhaust system.
- the method according to the invention can be used during the diagnostic operating mode of the fuel cell system to exclude the presence of a gas mixture in the exhaust system of the fuel cell system that has previously interacted with the cathode of the fuel cell of the fuel cell system, so that the leak can be localized according to the invention.
- the increased hydrogen concentration in the exhaust system can come either from the anode line system, in particular in the case of a leaky purge valve, or from the cathode line system, in particular in the case of a leaky membrane of the fuel cell of the fuel cell system.
- the sending of the diagnostic signal also includes sending a bypass valve opening signal, which causes at least partial opening of a cathode bypass valve arranged in a cathode bypass line connecting the cathode supply line to the cathode discharge line.
- determining that the membrane of the fuel cell of the fuel cell system is at least partially leaky can include determining that the hydrogen signal received during the diagnostic operation of the fuel cell system indicates a hydrogen concentration value of substantially zero.
- determining that the purge valve of the fuel cell system is at least partially leaky can include determining that the hydrogen signal received during the diagnostic operation of the fuel cell system indicates a hydrogen concentration value that is greater than zero.
- the diagnosis and localization of the leak can be accelerated because the exhaust system can be flushed with the gas mixture originating from the cathode line system and containing oxygen that has not flowed past the cathode of the fuel cell in such a way that any hydrogen present in the exhaust system can therefore only originate from the anode system due to a potentially leaky purge valve.
- the transmission of the diagnostic signal comprises the transmission of a throttle valve closing signal, which causes a throttle valve arranged in the cathode discharge line downstream of the cathode outlet valve to close.
- the cathode line system can be completely separated from the exhaust system by closing the throttle valve. If hydrogen is then still detected in the exhaust system by the hydrogen sensor, this must come from the anode line system due to a leaky flushing valve.
- control signal is further designed to control a user interface for displaying a warning to an operator of the fuel cell system.
- the warning informs the operator that a leak in the membrane or the flushing valve has been detected.
- a control device which is designed to carry out the steps of the method according to one of the preceding claims.
- control device comprises a first control device portion for carrying out the step of receiving a hydrogen signal from the hydrogen sensor, a second Control device section for carrying out the step of sending a diagnostic signal, a third control device section for carrying out the step of determining that the membrane or the flushing valve is at least partially leaking, and a fourth control device section for carrying out the step of sending a control signal.
- a leak analysis device for a fuel cell system which comprises a hydrogen sensor configured to generate a hydrogen signal representative of a hydrogen concentration in a gas mixture present in an exhaust system of the fuel cell system, and a control device according to the invention.
- a fuel cell system which comprises an anode, a cathode separated from the anode by a membrane, an anode line system in which a purge valve is arranged, an exhaust system which is fluidly connected to the anode line system, and a leak analysis device according to the invention.
- a computer program which comprises instructions which, when executed by a computing unit, cause the computing unit to carry out a method according to the invention for detecting a leak in a fuel cell system.
- a computer-readable medium is disclosed on which a computer program according to the invention is stored.
- a use of a fuel cell system in an exhaust system arranged hydrogen sensor for detecting a leak in the fuel cell system by means of a method according to the invention is provided.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to the invention for a vehicle
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing exemplary curves of hydrogen signals from the hydrogen sensor arranged in the exhaust system of the fuel cell system of Fig. 1 in the case of a leaky membrane or leaky purge valve, and
- Fig. 3 shows an exemplary flow chart of a method according to the invention for determining a leak in the fuel cell system of Fig. 1.
- gas mixture describes a mixture of various gaseous components, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, air and/or an inert gas, e.g. argon.
- the term "signal" describes raw data that is converted for data transmission into a form that can be sent over the selected transport medium. This can be done analogue or digitally, with the data first being sampled and converted into discrete (often binary-coded) values that are then sent over the medium as current pulses or voltages of varying levels. Furthermore, in the context of the present disclosure, the signals can be sent or received continuously. For example, digital signals are sent and received at intervals of a few milliseconds.
- the term “diagnostic operating mode of the fuel cell system” describes an operating mode of the fuel cell system in which the various components and elements of the fuel cell system for diagnosing the cathode outlet valve are controlled and operated differently than in the normal operating mode, which includes any flushing processes of the anode line system.
- a "sufficiently tight point" describes that the respective element, in a closed or intact state, blocks a respective connection path in such a way that the gas mixture flowing through the line can essentially not flow through the element.
- an element with a leakage of approximately 0.1 standard milliliters per minute [Sml/min] at an overpressure of approximately 600 mbar can also be referred to as "sufficiently tight”. Consequently, in the context of the present disclosure, an element can be referred to as “leaky” if the leakage therethrough is above the aforementioned 0.1 Sml/min at an overpressure of approximately 600 mbar.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system 100 according to the invention for a vehicle.
- the fuel cell system 100 comprises a fuel cell 110, such as a fuel cell stack.
- the fuel cell 110 comprises, as is known from the prior art, an anode and a cathode, which are separated from one another by a membrane.
- the fuel cell 110 can be a so-called PEM fuel cell, in which the membrane is a proton exchange membrane through which the protons formed at the anode can pass to the cathode.
- the fuel cell system 100 further comprises a tank 120 in which a gas mixture consisting essentially of hydrogen is stored, preferably under pressure.
- the tank 120 can also have valves (not explicitly shown in Fig. 1). shown) with which the inflow and outflow of the gas mixture into and out of the tank 120 can be controlled.
- the fuel cell system 100 of Fig. 1 further comprises an anode line system 130, which is designed to supply the gas mixture flowing out of the tank 120 to the anode of the fuel cell 110 and to discharge or return the gas mixture flowing past the anode.
- the anode line system 130 for this purpose comprises an anode feed line 132, which is fluidically connected to the tank 120 and supplies the gas mixture flowing out of the tank 120 to an anode line 134, which in turn supplies the gas mixture to the anode of the fuel cell 110.
- the anode line system 130 further comprises an anode discharge line 136, which is fluidically connected to the anode line 134 and can discharge the gas mixture flowing through the anode line 134 and supply it to an exhaust system 150.
- the anode line system 130 further comprises an anode return line 138, which fluidically connects the anode discharge line 136 to the anode supply line 132 and in which a return pump 139 is arranged, which is designed to return the gas mixture flowing through the anode discharge line 136 back to the anode supply line 132. Consequently, a circuit is formed between the anode supply line 132, the anode line 134, the anode discharge line 136 and the anode return line 138, in which the gas mixture can be circulated and circulated by means of the return pump 139.
- the anode line system 130 further comprises a purge valve 137, which is arranged in the anode discharge line 136 downstream of the opening point of the anode return line 138 and is designed to open or close the anode discharge line 136.
- the purge valve 137 is closed so that the just described circuit and circulation process of the gas mixture can be provided by means of the return pump 139.
- a gas sensor 131 such as a hydrogen sensor, is provided in the anode line 136, which is designed to detect a hydrogen signal. which is representative of the hydrogen concentration in the anode line 136 at a position between the anode line 134 and the purge valve 137.
- the gas sensor 131 can be a gas sensor based on the thermal conductivity principle.
- the hydrogen signals of the hydrogen sensor 131 are preferably digital signals or data that can be processed by a data processing device that can have a processor and a memory.
- the signals of the gas sensor 131 are also representative of a nitrogen concentration within the anode line system.
- the gas mixture in the anode line system 130 during the normal operating mode of the fuel cell system 100 consists almost exclusively of hydrogen and nitrogen, i.e. that the sum of the hydrogen concentration and the nitrogen concentration in the anode line system
- the fuel cell system 100 further comprises a cathode line system 140 consisting of a cathode supply line 142, a cathode line 144 connected to the cathode and a cathode discharge line 146.
- the cathode line system 140 comprises a cathode bypass line 148, which fluidically connects the cathode supply line 142 to the cathode discharge line 146 and in which a cathode bypass valve 149 is arranged for blocking or releasing the cathode bypass line 148.
- the cathode discharge line 146 can discharge the air supplied to the cathode via the cathode supply line 142 into the exhaust system 150.
- a pressure sensor 141 for detecting the pressure in the cathode supply line 142 and a cathode inlet valve 145, which can be a throttle valve, for example, are arranged in the cathode supply line 142.
- the cathode lead 146 has a cathode outlet valve 147 and a downstream of this in the cathode line 146, a pressure sensor 143 for detecting the pressure in the cathode line 146.
- a compressor 170 for compressing the air, a water separator 172 and a throttle valve 174 are arranged in the cathode line system 140.
- the throttle valve 174 is arranged in the cathode discharge line 146 at a position downstream of the point where the bypass line 168 opens into the cathode discharge line 146 and is designed to open or close the cathode discharge line 146. By closing the throttle valve, the cathode line system 140 can be closed in such a way that the gas mixture flow between the compressor 170 and the throttle valve 174 is deactivated or comes to a standstill.
- the fuel cell system 100 of Fig. 1 further comprises an on-board power supply branch 102 which comprises electrical consumers.
- the on-board power supply branch 102 describes at least a part of an electrical system which can store and distribute the electrical energy generated by the fuel cell 110.
- both the anode line system 130 and the cathode line system 140 open into an exhaust system 150 in which a hydrogen sensor 151 is arranged, which is designed to generate a hydrogen signal that indicates the hydrogen concentration in the gas mixture (in particular exhaust gas) present in the exhaust system 150.
- the hydrogen sensor 151 can be a gas sensor based on the thermal conductivity principle.
- a control device 160 which can be connected to all components of the fuel cell system 100. Although no separate lines are shown for this in Fig. 1, such electrical connection lines can be present in the form of connecting lines or wires or wireless communication devices.
- the control device 160 can have several control device sections, such as a first control device section 162, a second Control device section 164, a third control device section 166 and a fourth control device section 168, which will be discussed in more detail below with reference to Fig. 3.
- the controller 160 may include a processor and a memory. Alternatively, the controller 160 may be the processor coupled to the memory.
- the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU).
- the processor may also be another general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, or the like.
- the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
- the memory includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or portable read-only memory (e.g., CD-ROM).
- RAM random access memory
- ROM read-only memory
- EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory
- CD-ROM portable read-only memory
- the memory is configured to store associated program instructions and associated data.
- Fig. 2 shows a diagram in which exemplary curves 210, 220 of hydrogen signals from the hydrogen sensor 151 arranged in the exhaust system 150 of the fuel cell system 100 are entered.
- the curve 210 describes the hydrogen signal received by the hydrogen sensor 151 in the case in which the membrane of the fuel cell 110 is at least partially leaky.
- the curve 220 shows the hydrogen signal of the hydrogen sensor 151 in the case where the purge valve 137 is at least partially leaking.
- the first time t1 indicates the time at which a leak in the fuel cell system 100 occurs.
- the time t2 indicates the time at which the fuel cell system 100 is switched to a diagnostic operating mode.
- the cathode inlet valve 145 and/or the cathode outlet valve 147 are closed for this purpose at the time t2.
- the hydrogen signal of the hydrogen sensor 151 is then evaluated according to the invention in order to localize a leak detected in the fuel cell system 100, for example at the time t3, which can be approximately 5 seconds after the time t2.
- the two curves 210, 220 of the hydrogen signal of the hydrogen sensor 151 each show a hydrogen concentration value that falls below a hydrogen concentration threshold value C_H2, such as 8%, for example. Consequently, a leak in the fuel cell system 10 can generally be determined simply because the hydrogen concentration threshold value C_H2 is exceeded.
- the fuel cell system 100 is also in a normal operating mode in which the purge valve 137 is closed and the return pump 139 is activated.
- the gas mixture, in particular hydrogen mixture, originating from the tank 120 is circulated or permanently circulated in the circuit between the anode feed line 132, anode line 134, anode discharge line 136 and, due to the closed purge valve 137, the anode return line 138.
- a hydrogen concentration is determined in the exhaust system 150 which is above a predetermined hydrogen concentration threshold value C_H2, such as 8%, according to the invention by carrying out a purge process and subsequent evaluation of the hydrogen signal at time t3, the already determined general leak in the fuel cell system 100 can be additionally localized.
- the purging valve 137 When starting a purging process of the anode line system 130 at time t1, the purging valve 137 is opened and the return pump 139 is deactivated at the same time, so that at this time the gas mixture flowing out of the tank 120, in particular the hydrogen mixture, is led through the anode feed line 132, the anode line 134 and the anode discharge line 136 directly into the exhaust system 150. If it is then determined during the purging process of the anode line system 130 that the hydrogen signal is essentially increasing (e.g. at time t2 in Fig. 2), the purging process can be determined to be completed and ended again, i.e. the purging valve 137 is closed and the return pump 139 is activated again, so that the fuel cell system 100 switches back to the normal operating mode.
- the method of Fig. 3 starts at step 300 and then goes to step 310, at which a hydrogen signal is received from the hydrogen sensor 151 by the control device 160, in particular the first control device section 162.
- the control device 160 in particular the first control device section 162 continuously receives the hydrogen signal from the hydrogen sensor 151. Consequently, while the method according to the invention is being carried out, (digital) hydrogen signals from the hydrogen sensor 151 are received permanently and continuously, for example at predetermined intervals, such as a few milliseconds.
- it is determined whether the received hydrogen signal indicates a hydrogen concentration that exceeds the predetermined hydrogen concentration threshold C_H2.
- the method returns to step 310.
- the fuel cell system 100 can be diagnosed as leak-tight as long as the method remains at steps 310, 320.
- step 320 if it is determined in step 320 that the received hydrogen signal indicates a hydrogen concentration value that exceeds the predetermined hydrogen concentration threshold C_H2, the method proceeds to step 330, at which the control device 160, in particular the second control device section 164, sends a diagnostic signal that causes the fuel cell system 100 to switch to a diagnostic operating mode.
- Sending the diagnostic signal may include sending a cathode inlet valve closing signal that causes the cathode inlet valve 145 to close. Additionally or alternatively, sending the diagnostic signal may include sending a cathode outlet valve closing signal that causes the cathode outlet valve 147 to close.
- sending the diagnostic signal may include sending a throttle valve closing signal that causes the throttle valve 174 to close.
- the sending of the diagnostic signal ensures that no gas mixture that has flowed through the cathode line 144 and thus interacted with the cathode enters the exhaust system and that no gas mixture with hydrogen can flow from the anode line system to the cathodes. If, for example, the cathode inlet valve 145 and/or the cathode outlet valve 147 is closed, the gas from the compressor 170 The gas mixture conveyed, in particular air, can flow directly into the exhaust system 150 without coming into contact with the cathode of the fuel cell 110. Closing the throttle valve 174 means that the gas mixture flowing through the exhaust system 150 can no longer originate from the cathode line system 140. Rather, the gas mixture then flowing through the exhaust system 150 originates from the anode line system 130.
- a hydrogen signal is received from the hydrogen sensor 151 and evaluated in a subsequent step 350. This means that the time t2 also indicates an end of a hydrogen emission.
- step 350 If it is determined in step 350 that the hydrogen signal received at time t3 has a substantially falling profile, the method goes to step 360, at which the membrane is diagnosed as leaking.
- the diagnostic operation of the fuel cell system 100 it can be ruled out that the hydrogen present in the exhaust system 150 and detected by the hydrogen sensor 151 originates from the cathode line system 140. Consequently, if the hydrogen signal is substantially falling at time t3, it can be assumed that the hydrogen previously present in the exhaust system 150 originates from the cathode line system 140, in particular due to a leaky membrane of the fuel cell 110.
- the hydrogen flowing through the leaky membrane can no longer flow into the exhaust system 150, which is why the hydrogen signal is substantially falling.
- step 350 if it is determined in step 350 that the hydrogen signal received at time t3 has a substantially non-decreasing curve, the method proceeds to step 370, where the purge valve 137 is diagnosed as leaking.
- the purge valve 137 is diagnosed as leaking.
- the hydrogen present in the exhaust system 150 and detected by the hydrogen sensor 151 originates from the cathode line system 140. Consequently, if the hydrogen signal does not substantially decrease at time t3, it can be assumed that the hydrogen previously present in the exhaust system 150 originates from the anode line system 130, in particular due to a leaky purge valve 137.
- the hydrogen flowing through the purge valve 137 can continue to flow into the exhaust system 150, which is why the hydrogen signal is not decreasing.
- the hydrogen signal can be substantially constant.
- steps 360 or 370 The determination in steps 360 or 370 is performed by the control device 160, in particular the third control device section 166.
- step 380 the control device 160, in particular the fourth control device section 168, can send a control signal indicating that the membrane or the flushing valve 137 is at least partially leaking before the method ends at step 390.
- the sending of the diagnostic signal may additionally or alternatively include sending a bypass valve opening signal that causes the cathode bypass valve 149 to be at least partially opened.
- determining that the membrane of the fuel cell 110 of the fuel cell system 100 is at least partially leaking may include determining that the hydrogen signal received during diagnostic operation of the fuel cell system indicates a hydrogen concentration value of substantially zero.
- the purge valve 137 can again be diagnosed as being at least partially leaky. Due to the leaky purge valve 137, the gas mixture in the exhaust system consists of a hydrogen-containing gas mixture from the anode line system 130 and of fresh gas mixture from the cathode line system 140.
- the present method therefore makes use of the fact that the hydrogen signal of a hydrogen sensor 151 arranged in the exhaust system of a fuel cell system can be used to additionally localize a general leak in the fuel cell system 100, in particular to assign it to the membrane or the flushing valve 137. This can be done in a simple manner by shutting off the gas mixture flowing through the cathode of the fuel cell 110 by evaluating the hydrogen signal of the hydrogen sensor 151 arranged in the exhaust system 150.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2025529836A JP2025538246A (ja) | 2022-11-22 | 2023-11-16 | 燃料電池システム内の非密閉性を検出するための方法、制御装置およびコンピュータプログラム、ならびに密閉性分析装置および燃料電池システム |
| CN202380080380.1A CN120226174A (zh) | 2022-11-22 | 2023-11-16 | 用于测定燃料电池系统中的泄漏的方法、控制设备和计算机程序以及密封性分析设备和燃料电池系统 |
| KR1020257019379A KR20250109731A (ko) | 2022-11-22 | 2023-11-16 | 연료 전지 시스템에서 누출을 검출하기 위한 방법, 제어 디바이스 및 컴퓨터 프로그램, 그리고 기밀성 분석 디바이스 및 연료 전지 시스템 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022212448.0 | 2022-11-22 | ||
| DE102022212448.0A DE102022212448B3 (de) | 2022-11-22 | 2022-11-22 | Verfahren, Steuerungsvorrichtung und Computerprogramm zum Feststellen einer Undichtigkeit in einem Brennstoffzellensystem sowie Dichtheitsanalysevorrichtung und Brennstoffzellensystem |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2024110290A2 true WO2024110290A2 (de) | 2024-05-30 |
| WO2024110290A3 WO2024110290A3 (de) | 2024-07-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2023/081990 Ceased WO2024110290A2 (de) | 2022-11-22 | 2023-11-16 | Verfahren, steuerungsvorrichtung und computerprogramm zum feststellen einer undichtigkeit in einem brennstoffzellensystem sowie dichtheitsanalysevorrichtung und brennstoffzellensystem |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2025538246A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250109731A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120226174A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022212448B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024110290A2 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102024206425A1 (de) | 2024-07-08 | 2026-01-08 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems und Brennstoffzellensystem |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010067573A (ja) | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-25 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | 制御装置 |
| US8795917B2 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2014-08-05 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system with control of the pressure of the reactants within the system |
| US10581100B2 (en) | 2018-06-06 | 2020-03-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of operating a fuel cell stack having a temporarily disabled bleed valve |
| US11201340B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2021-12-14 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hydrogen supply control system and control method for fuel cell |
| CN114838937A (zh) | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-02 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于燃料电池发动机的多功能监测系统及其控制方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4513119B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-25 | 2010-07-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
| DE102012218588A1 (de) | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Diagnosefunktion zur Detektion von Membrandefekten bei PEM-Brennstoffzellen |
| JP6996340B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2022-02-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池の制御方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-11-22 DE DE102022212448.0A patent/DE102022212448B3/de active Active
-
2023
- 2023-11-16 CN CN202380080380.1A patent/CN120226174A/zh active Pending
- 2023-11-16 KR KR1020257019379A patent/KR20250109731A/ko active Pending
- 2023-11-16 JP JP2025529836A patent/JP2025538246A/ja active Pending
- 2023-11-16 WO PCT/EP2023/081990 patent/WO2024110290A2/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8795917B2 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2014-08-05 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system with control of the pressure of the reactants within the system |
| JP2010067573A (ja) | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-25 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | 制御装置 |
| US10581100B2 (en) | 2018-06-06 | 2020-03-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method of operating a fuel cell stack having a temporarily disabled bleed valve |
| US11201340B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2021-12-14 | Hyundai Motor Company | Hydrogen supply control system and control method for fuel cell |
| CN114838937A (zh) | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-02 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于燃料电池发动机的多功能监测系统及其控制方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN120226174A (zh) | 2025-06-27 |
| DE102022212448B3 (de) | 2023-12-21 |
| WO2024110290A3 (de) | 2024-07-18 |
| JP2025538246A (ja) | 2025-11-26 |
| KR20250109731A (ko) | 2025-07-17 |
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