WO2024136459A1 - 리튬 이차전지의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024136459A1 WO2024136459A1 PCT/KR2023/021128 KR2023021128W WO2024136459A1 WO 2024136459 A1 WO2024136459 A1 WO 2024136459A1 KR 2023021128 W KR2023021128 W KR 2023021128W WO 2024136459 A1 WO2024136459 A1 WO 2024136459A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/446—Initial charging measures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/044—Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
- H01M4/0445—Forming after manufacture of the electrode, e.g. first charge, cycling
- H01M4/0447—Forming after manufacture of the electrode, e.g. first charge, cycling of complete cells or cells stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a lithium secondary battery, and more specifically, to the production of a lithium secondary battery containing perlithium manganese-based oxide that can improve the voltage drop that occurs during repeated charging and discharging. It's about method.
- Lithium secondary batteries are an energy storage medium that has been applied in various fields since its commercialization in 1991. As the market for products equipped with lithium secondary batteries expands, research is being actively conducted to increase the energy density of lithium secondary batteries, and one of the methods receiving the most attention is making larger amounts of lithium available than before. The goal is to develop a positive electrode active material with a composition that can be used.
- Perlithium-based transition metal oxides which have a layered structure and a molar ratio of lithium to transition metal exceeding 1, are being developed as positive electrode active materials capable of dissolving more lithium.
- Lithium secondary batteries using these perlithium-based transition metal oxides generally achieve high capacity by performing an activation process at a high voltage of 4.4V or higher.
- performing this high-voltage activation process causes collapse of the positive electrode crystal structure due to oxygen detachment and cation mixing in the crystal structure of the perlithium-based transition metal oxide, greatly deteriorating the discharge energy of the lithium secondary battery or causing charging and discharging.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above problems, and seeks to provide a method of manufacturing a lithium secondary battery containing perlithium manganese-based oxide in which the voltage drop phenomenon that occurs during repeated charging and discharging is improved.
- the present invention provides a method in which the content of manganese among all metals excluding lithium exceeds 50 mol%, and the ratio of the number of moles of lithium to the number of moles of all metals excluding lithium (Li/Me) exceeds 1.
- the activating step includes heating the battery cell to SOC 5 to 60 at 0.6 to 1.0 C C-. It may include charging at a C-rate of 0.3C to 0.6C in the SOC range of 60 to 100, and then discharging once.
- the perlithium manganese-based oxide may be represented by the following formula (1).
- M is Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, At least one selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr and Zr.
- the charging step may be performed in constant current mode (CC mode) or constant current-constant voltage mode (CCCV mode).
- CC mode constant current mode
- CCCV mode constant current-constant voltage mode
- the charging end voltage of the charging step may be 4.5V to 4.6V.
- the activating step may include discharging at a C-rate of 0.3C to 0.7C until reaching 2.0V.
- the method for manufacturing a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention is to charge Li 2 MnO 3 (monoclinic) in the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material by performing charging at a C-rate of 0.3C to 0.6C in some sections of the activation charging step, that is, sections at SOC 60 or higher. ) By suppressing the activation of the phase, the voltage drop phenomenon that occurs during repeated charging and discharging can be suppressed and gas generation can be reduced.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the results of evaluating voltage drop after charging and discharging of a lithium secondary battery according to Experimental Example 1.
- primary particle refers to a particle unit in which no apparent grain boundaries exist when observed at a field of view of 5,000 to 20,000 times using a scanning electron microscope.
- Average particle diameter of primary particles refers to the arithmetic average value of primary particles observed in a scanning electron microscope image calculated after measuring their particle diameters.
- secondary particles are particles formed by agglomerating a plurality of primary particles.
- average particle diameter D 50 refers to the particle size based on 50% of the volumetric cumulative particle size distribution of the particle powder to be measured (eg, positive electrode active material powder, negative electrode active material powder, etc.).
- the average particle diameter D50 can be measured using a laser diffraction method. For example, after dispersing the powder of the particle to be measured in a dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measurement device (e.g. Microtrac MT 3000), irradiated with ultrasonic waves at about 28 kHz with an output of 60 W, and then the volume cumulative particle size is measured. After obtaining the distribution graph, it can be measured by determining the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume accumulation.
- a laser diffraction particle size measurement device e.g. Microtrac MT 3000
- the present inventors performed an activation process under specific charging conditions when manufacturing lithium secondary batteries, thereby generating positive ions.
- the present invention was completed by discovering that voltage drop during battery charging and discharging can be prevented by minimizing mixing and oxygen desorption and suppressing the activation of the Li 2 MnO 3 (monoclinic) phase in the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material. .
- the content of manganese among all metals excluding lithium exceeds 50 mol%, and the ratio of the number of moles of lithium to the number of moles of all metals excluding lithium (Li/Me) is 1.
- the activating step is characterized in that it includes the step of charging the battery cell at a C-rate of 0.3C to 0.6C in a secondary battery capacity (SOC) range of 60 to 100.
- SOC secondary battery capacity
- the battery cell may be manufactured, for example, by forming an electrode assembly including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, storing the electrode assembly in a battery case, injecting an electrolyte solution, and sealing the battery case.
- the electrode assembly may include a separator between the anode and the cathode.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention is a positive electrode active material in which the content of manganese exceeds 50 mol% of all metals excluding lithium, and the ratio of the number of moles of lithium to the number of moles of all metals excluding lithium (Li/Me) exceeds 1.
- the positive electrode of the present invention includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, wherein the positive electrode active material layer has a ratio of the number of moles of lithium to the number of moles of all metals excluding lithium (Li/ Me) includes perlithium manganese-based oxides exceeding 1.
- perlithium manganese-based oxide containing excess lithium it has a mixed structure of layered phase (LiM'O 2 ) and rock salt phase (Li 2 MnO 3 ). During the initial activation process, the rock salt phase is activated and excess lithium ions are released. generated, high capacity can be realized.
- the perlithium manganese-based oxide may be represented by Formula 1.
- M may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr.
- a is the molar ratio of Li in the perlithium manganese-based oxide and may be 1 ⁇ a, 1.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, or 1.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.3.
- the b is the molar ratio of Ni in the perlithium manganese-based oxide and may be 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.4, or 0.2 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.4.
- the c is the molar ratio of Co in the perlithium manganese-based oxide and may be 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.08, or 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.05. If c exceeds 0.1, it is difficult to secure high capacity, and gas generation and deterioration of the positive electrode active material may intensify, deteriorating lifespan characteristics.
- the d is the molar ratio of Mn in the perlithium manganese oxide and may be 0.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.0, 0.50 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.80, or 0.50 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.70.
- d is less than 0.5, the proportion of the rock salt phase becomes too small, so the effects of cathode irreversibility compensation and capacity improvement are minimal.
- the e is the molar ratio of the doping element M in the perlithium manganese-based oxide and may be 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.1, or 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.05. If the content of the doping element is too high, it may have a negative effect on the capacity of the active material.
- the molar ratio of Li to the molar number of all metal elements excluding Li (Li/Me) is 1.2 to 1.5, 1.25 to 1.5, or 1.25 to 1.4. You can. When the Li/Me ratio satisfies the above range, excellent rate characteristics and capacity characteristics appear. If the Li/Me ratio is too high, the electrical conductivity decreases and the electrochemically inactive rock salt phase (Li 2 MnO 3 ) increases, which may accelerate the degradation rate. If the Li/Me ratio is too low, the effect of improving energy density is minimal.
- composition of the perlithium manganese-based oxide may be expressed as [Formula 2] below.
- M may be at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr. .
- the y is the molar ratio of Mn on the LiM'O 2 layer, and may be 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.8, or 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.7.
- the z is the molar ratio of Co on the LiM'O 2 layer and may be 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.08, or 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.05. If z exceeds 0.1, gas generation and deterioration of the positive electrode active material may intensify, thereby reducing lifespan characteristics.
- the w is the molar ratio of the doping element M on the LiM'O 2 layer, and may be 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.1, or 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 0.05.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention may, if necessary, further include a coating layer on the surface of the perlithium manganese-based oxide.
- the positive electrode active material includes a coating layer, contact between the perlithium manganese-based oxide and the electrolyte is suppressed by the coating layer, thereby reducing electrolyte side reactions, thereby improving lifespan characteristics.
- the coating layer may include a coating element M 1 , and the coating element M 1 may be, for example, Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr and Zr, preferably Al, Co, Nb, W, and combinations thereof, and more preferably Al, Co, and combinations thereof.
- the coating element M 1 may include two or more types, for example, Al and Co.
- the coating element may exist in the form of an oxide in the coating layer, that is, M 1 Oz (1 ⁇ z ⁇ 4).
- the coating layer can be formed through methods such as dry coating, wet coating, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Among these, it is preferable to form it through atomic layer deposition because the coating layer can be formed with a large area.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- the formation area of the coating layer may be 10 to 100%, preferably 30 to 100%, and more preferably 50 to 100%, based on the total surface area of the perlithium manganese-based oxide particles.
- the coating layer formation area satisfies the above range, the effect of improving lifespan characteristics is excellent.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention may be in the form of secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated, and the average particle diameter D 50 of the secondary particles is 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, more preferably It may be 4 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m.
- the D 50 of the positive electrode active material satisfies the above range, excellent electrode density can be achieved and degradation of capacity and rate characteristics can be minimized.
- the positive electrode active material may have a BET specific surface area of 1 m 2 /g to 10 m 2 /g, 3 to 8 m 2 /g, or 4 to 6 m 2 /g. If the BET specific surface area of the positive active material is too low, the reaction area with the electrolyte is insufficient, making it difficult to achieve sufficient capacity. If the specific surface area is too high, moisture absorption is rapid and side reactions with the electrolyte are accelerated, making it difficult to secure lifespan characteristics.
- the perlithium manganese-based oxide can be produced by mixing a transition metal precursor and a lithium raw material and then calcining.
- the lithium raw materials include, for example, lithium-containing carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, etc.), hydrates (e.g., lithium hydroxide hydrate (LiOH ⁇ H 2 O), etc.), and hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, etc.) ), nitrates (e.g., lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), etc.), chlorides (e.g., lithium chloride (LiCl), etc.), and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used. .
- lithium-containing carbonates e.g., lithium carbonate, etc.
- hydrates e.g., lithium hydroxide hydrate (LiOH ⁇ H 2 O), etc.
- hydroxides e.g., lithium hydroxide, etc.
- nitrates e.g., lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ), etc.
- chlorides e.g., lithium chloride (LiCl
- the transition metal precursor may be in the form of a hydroxide, oxide, or carbonate.
- a carbonate-type precursor it is more preferable in that a positive electrode active material with a relatively high specific surface area can be manufactured.
- the transition metal precursor can be manufactured through a co-precipitation process.
- the transition metal precursor is prepared by dissolving each transition metal-containing raw material in a solvent to prepare a metal solution, then mixing the metal solution, an ammonium cation complex former, and a basic compound, and then performing a coprecipitation reaction. can be manufactured. Additionally, if necessary, an oxidizing agent or oxygen gas may be further added during the coprecipitation reaction.
- the transition metal-containing raw material may be acetate, carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, etc. of each transition metal.
- the transition metal-containing raw materials are NiO, NiCO 3 ⁇ 2Ni(OH) 2 ⁇ 4H 2 O, NiC 2 O 2 ⁇ 2H 2 O, Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O, NiSO 4 , NiSO 4 ⁇ 6H 2 O, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Mn 3 O 4 MnCO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , MnSO 4 ⁇ H 2 O, manganese acetate, manganese halide, etc.
- the ammonium cation complex forming agent may be at least one selected from the group consisting of NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl, CH 3 COONH 4 , and NH 4 CO 3 .
- the basic compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , KOH, and Ca(OH) 2 .
- the form of the precursor may vary depending on the type of basic compound used. For example, when NaOH is used as a basic compound, a hydroxide-type precursor can be obtained, and when Na 2 CO 3 is used as a basic compound, a carbonate-type precursor can be obtained. Additionally, when a basic compound and an oxidizing agent are used together, a precursor in the form of an oxide can be obtained.
- the transition metal precursor and lithium raw material have a molar ratio of total transition metal (Ni+Co+Mn):Li of 1:1.05 to 1:2, preferably 1:1.1 to 1:1.8, more preferably 1. : 1.25 ⁇ 1 : 1.8.
- the firing may be performed at a temperature of 600°C to 1000°C or 700°C to 950°C, and the firing time may be 5 hours to 30 hours or 5 hours to 20 hours.
- the firing atmosphere may be an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere, for example, an atmosphere containing 20 to 100% by volume of oxygen.
- the positive electrode active material layer may further include a conductive material and a binder in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the conductive material examples include spherical or flaky graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight, 1 to 20% by weight, or 1 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the binder is a component that serves to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive active material and the current collector, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polytetrafluoroethylene (A fluororesin binder containing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); Rubber-based binders including styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and styrene-isoprene rubber; Cellulose-based binders including carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, and regenerated cellulose; A polyalcohol-based binder containing polyvinyl alcohol; Polyolefin-based binders including polyethylene and polypropylene; Polyimide-based binder; Polyester-based binder; and silane-based binders.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, 2 to 20% by weight, or 2 to 10% by weight
- the negative electrode may include, for example, a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer located on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer may optionally include a binder and a conductive material along with the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- it can be used on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the negative electrode active material includes lithium metal, a carbon material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, a metal or an alloy of these metals and lithium, a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium, or Si- A composite containing the above-described metallic compound and a carbonaceous material, such as a C composite or Sn-C composite, may be used, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- any carbon-based anode active material commonly used in lithium ion secondary batteries can be used without particular restrictions, and representative examples include crystalline carbon, Amorphous carbon or a combination thereof can be used.
- the crystalline carbon include graphite such as amorphous, plate-shaped, flake, spherical or fibrous natural graphite or artificial graphite, and examples of the amorphous carbon include soft carbon (low-temperature calcined carbon).
- hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, calcined coke, etc. may be mentioned.
- the above metals or alloys of these metals and lithium include Cu, Ni, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge.
- a metal selected from the group consisting of , Al, and Sn, or an alloy of these metals and lithium may be used.
- materials capable of doping and dedoping lithium include Si, SiO It is an element selected from the group consisting of metals, rare earth elements, and combinations thereof, but not Si), Sn, SnO 2 , Sn-Y (where Y is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, group 13 element, group 14 element, transition metal) , rare earth elements, and combinations thereof, but not Sn), etc., and at least one of these may be mixed with SiO 2 .
- the element Y includes Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, It may be selected from the group consisting of Te, Po, and combinations thereof.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity in the battery being constructed.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotube; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between negative electrode active material particles and adhesion between the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector.
- fluororesin binders containing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); Rubber-based binders including styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and styrene-isoprene rubber; Cellulose-based binders including carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, and regenerated cellulose; A polyalcohol-based binder containing polyvinyl alcohol; Polyolefin-based binders including polyethylene and polypropylene; Polyimide-based binder; Polyester-based binder; and silane-based binders, among which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by
- the negative electrode active material layer is formed by applying a negative electrode slurry containing a negative electrode active material and optionally a binder and a conductive material onto a negative electrode current collector and drying it, or by casting the negative electrode slurry on a separate support and then removing it from this support. It can also be manufactured by laminating the film obtained by peeling onto the negative electrode current collector.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention may further include a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator separates the cathode from the anode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in lithium secondary batteries. In particular, it has low resistance to ion movement in the electrolyte and has excellent electrolyte moisturizing ability. It is desirable.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these.
- a laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- conventional porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc., may be used.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the electrolyte may be a variety of electrolytes that can be used in lithium secondary batteries, for example, an organic liquid electrolyte, an inorganic liquid electrolyte, a solid polymer electrolyte, a gel-type polymer electrolyte, a solid inorganic electrolyte, a molten inorganic electrolyte, or a combination thereof.
- the type is not particularly limited.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), methylethylcarbonate (MEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate carbonate-based solvents such as PC); Alcohol-based solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a straight-chain, branched or ring-structured hydro
- the lithium salt can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the anions of the lithium salt include F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , (SF 5 ) 3 C - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C - , CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 SO 3 - , CF 3 CO 2 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , SCN - , and (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 N - It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of,
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiN(F
- the electrolyte may further include additives for the purpose of improving the lifespan characteristics of the battery, suppressing decline in battery capacity, and improving the discharge capacity of the battery.
- the additive is selected from the group consisting of halogen-substituted or unsubstituted carbonate-based compounds, sulfate-based compounds, sultone-based compounds, borate-based compounds, benzene-based compounds, amine-based compounds, silane-based compounds, and lithium salt-based compounds. It can contain at least one.
- the additives include vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylene sulfate (TMS), methyltrimethylene sulfate (MTMS), and 1,3-propane sultone.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- Esa ethylene sulfate
- TMS trimethylene sulfate
- MTMS methyltrimethylene sulfate
- 1,3-propane sultone 1,3-propane sultone.
- the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the electrode assembly may be one of various types of electrode assemblies well known in the art, for example, a jelly-roll type, stack type, stack and lamination type, or stack and folding type electrode assembly, and its shape may be particularly It is not limited.
- the jelly-roll type electrode assembly can be manufactured by interposing a sheet-shaped separator between a sheet-shaped anode and a sheet-shaped cathode and then winding it in one direction.
- the stacked electrode assembly can be manufactured by cutting the anode, separator, and cathode into a desired shape and then sequentially stacking the cut anode/separator/cathode.
- the stack-and-lamination type electrode assembly is manufactured by stacking an anode, a separator, and a cathode to manufacture a plurality of unit cells, stacking the plurality of unit cells with a separator interposed therebetween, and then lamination through a method such as heating. You can.
- the electric case various battery cases known in the art, for example, a cylindrical battery case, a square battery case, or a pouch-type battery case, can be used, and the type is not particularly limited.
- the charging may include a first charging step of charging up to SOC 5.
- the first charging step may be performed at a C-rate of 0.3C or less, preferably 0.1C to 0.3C. If the current rate in the first charging stage is faster than 0.3C, the SEI film may be formed unstable on the electrode surface. If the SEI film is formed unstable on the electrode surface, the SEI film is easily decomposed during battery operation, causing rapid deterioration of the electrode, which can significantly reduce lifespan characteristics.
- the first charging step is preferably performed from SOC 0 to SOC 5, and when the charging capacity in the first charging step satisfies the above range, a strong and dense SEI film is formed on the electrode surface to achieve excellent lifespan characteristics. there is.
- the first charging step may be performed in constant current mode (CC mode).
- CC mode constant current mode
- the charging may include a second charging step of charging from SOC 5 to SOC 100.
- the second charging step may be performed in one step or two or more steps with different rates, if necessary.
- the second charging step may be performed at a C-rate of 0.3C or higher, preferably 0.3C to 0.6C.
- the charging time may increase, but the activation stability of Li 2 MnO 3 (monoclinic) may be increased.
- the second charging step is performed at a relatively faster C-rate than the first charging step, the time required for the activation process is reduced, and thus the battery production time can be shortened.
- the second charging step performed in step 1 is preferably performed from SOC 5 to SOC 100.
- the charging capacity in the second charging step satisfies the above range, incomplete formation of the SEI film can be suppressed, oxygen detachment and cation mixing during the activation process are suppressed, and the increase in anode resistance is minimized while maintaining high capacity. It can be implemented.
- the 2-1 charging step is performed at a C-rate of 0.3C to 1.0C and the second charging step is performed at a C-rate of 0.6C or less, specifically 0.3C to 0.6C. It may include a 2-2 charging step.
- the 2-1st charging step may be performed from SOC 5 to SOC 60, and the 2-2 charging step may be performed from SOC 60 to SOC 100.
- the battery In the second charging stage, the battery is first charged at a C-rate of 0.3C to 1.0C as described above (2-1st charging stage) and then charged at a C-rate of 0.3C to 0.6C (2-2nd charging stage). , it is possible to shorten the charging time and simultaneously increase the activation stability of Li 2 MnO 3 (monoclinic).
- the second charging step may be performed in constant current mode (CC mode) or constant current-constant voltage mode (CCCV mode).
- CC mode constant current mode
- CCCV mode constant current-constant voltage mode
- CC charging is performed while supplying a C-rate of 0.3C to 0.6C until the charging end voltage is reached.
- CV charging can be performed in which the charging C-rate is sequentially reduced to about 0.05C.
- the charging end voltage may be 4.5V to 4.6V, specifically 4.6V.
- the charge end voltage of the second charging stage satisfies the above range, the perlithium manganese-based oxide is activated and high capacity characteristics can be realized.
- the activation step discharges the battery-cell charged through the first charging step and the second charging step.
- the discharge may be performed at a C-rate of 0.3C to 0.7C.
- the activation time can be appropriately controlled and discharge capacity characteristics in the desired range can be implemented.
- the discharge may be performed in constant current mode (CC mode).
- the discharge end voltage may be 2.0 V to 3.0 V, specifically 2.0 V.
- the activation process is preferably performed under temperature conditions of 30°C to 75°C, preferably 40°C to 45°C.
- the activation process is performed in the above temperature range, an appropriate activation effect of the Li 2 MnO 3 (monoclinic) phase can be obtained.
- the activation process may be performed under pressurized conditions, if necessary.
- the pressurization may be performed by mounting the battery cell on a jig and then applying pressure to the battery cell through the jig.
- electrolyte impregnation is improved and gases generated during the activation process are easily discharged.
- the activating step may further include an aging step.
- the aging step is to allow the electrolyte to be uniformly impregnated into the electrode assembly and to stabilize the battery, and may be performed before charging, during charging, and/or after discharging, and may be performed one or more times.
- the aging step may be performed at a temperature of, for example, 20°C to 60°C, 20°C to 50°C, and preferably 30°C to 50°C.
- a temperature of, for example, 20°C to 60°C, 20°C to 50°C, and preferably 30°C to 50°C.
- a positive electrode slurry was prepared by mixing positive electrode active material: conductive material: PVDF binder in N-methylpyrrolidone at a weight ratio of 97:1:2. At this time, Li 1.38 [Ni 0.363 Co 0.005 Mn 0.642 ]O 2 was used as the positive electrode active material, and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as the conductive material.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied on an aluminum current collector sheet, dried, and rolled to prepare a positive electrode.
- An anode slurry was prepared by mixing anode active material: conductive material: binder in water at a weight ratio of 96:1:3. At this time, graphite was used as the negative electrode active material, carbon black was used as the conductive material, and SBR and CMC were used as a binder mixed at a weight ratio of 2:1.
- the negative electrode slurry was applied on a copper current collector sheet, dried, and rolled to prepare a negative electrode.
- An electrode assembly was manufactured by interposing a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode manufactured as above, and the electrode assembly was inserted into a battery case and an electrolyte solution was injected to manufacture a battery cell.
- the lithium secondary batteries manufactured in Examples 1 and 2 and the secondary batteries manufactured in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were charged in 0.33C constant current-constant voltage mode (0.05C CV cut-off) and discharged to 2.0V at a constant current of 0.6C.
- 0.33C constant current-constant voltage mode 0.05C CV cut-off
- One cycle of charging and discharging was performed, and 100 cycles were performed at high temperature (45°C).
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Abstract
Description
| 50 사이클 후 전압 (mV) | 50 사이클 후 전압 감소율 (%) | |
| 비교예 1 | 63.3 | - 1.8 |
| 실시예 1 | 89.6 | - 2.5 |
| 실시예 2 | 80.2 | - 2.1 |
| 비교예 2 | 115.4 | - 3.3 |
Claims (8)
- 리튬을 제외한 전체 금속 중 망간의 함량이 50몰%를 초과하고, 리튬을 제외한 전체 금속의 몰수에 대한 리튬의 몰수의 비(Li/Me)가 1을 초과하는 과리튬 망간계 산화물을 포함하는 양극, 음극 및 전해질을 포함하는 전지 셀을 준비하는 단계; 및상기 전지 셀을 적어도 1회 이상 충전 및 방전하여 활성화하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 활성화하는 단계는, 상기 전지 셀을 SOC 5~60 까지 0.6~1.0C C-레이트로 충전하고, SOC 60 내지 100 구간에서 0.3C 내지 0.6C C-레이트로 충전한 다음, 1회 방전하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 과리튬 망간계 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지의 제조 방법.[화학식 1]LiaNibCocMndMeO2상기 화학식 1에서, 1 < a, 0≤b≤0.5, 0≤c≤0.1, 0.5≤d<1.0, 0≤e≤0.2이고, M은 Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr 및 Zr로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 적어도 하나 이상임.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 화학식 1에서, 1.1≤a≤1.5, 0.1≤b≤0.4, 0≤c≤0.05, 0.5≤d≤0.80, 0≤e≤0.1인 것인 리튬 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 충전 단계는 정전류 모드(CC mode) 또는 정전류-정전압 모드(CCCV mode)로 수행되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 충전 단계의 충전 종지 전압은 4.5V 내지 4.6V인 것인 리튬 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 활성화하는 단계는 SOC 0 ~ SOC 5 에서 0.1C 내지 0.3C C-레이트로 충전하는 단계를 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 충전 단계는 정전류 모드(CC mode)로 수행되는 것인 리튬 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 활성화 단계는 2.0V에 도달할 때까지 0.3C 내지 0.7C C-레이트로 방전하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지의 제조 방법.
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| EP23907742.3A EP4621927A4 (en) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-20 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY |
| CN202380085880.4A CN120303812A (zh) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-20 | 制造锂二次电池的方法 |
| JP2025535083A JP2026504267A (ja) | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-20 | リチウム二次電池の製造方法 |
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| KR1020220183696A KR20240101231A (ko) | 2022-12-23 | 2022-12-23 | 리튬 이차전지의 제조 방법 |
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| JP (1) | JP2026504267A (ko) |
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| KR20160079575A (ko) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지 |
| JP2018055901A (ja) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 |
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| KR20200061234A (ko) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-06-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 복합양극활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬전지 |
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| JPS5810320U (ja) | 1981-07-13 | 1983-01-22 | 三菱電線工業株式会社 | 波付金属シ−スケ−ブル |
| US10910628B2 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-02-02 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Fast formation cycling for rechargeable batteries |
| CN114784398A (zh) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-07-22 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | 一种改善富锂锰基锂离子电池电化学性能的方法 |
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2022
- 2022-12-23 KR KR1020220183696A patent/KR20240101231A/ko active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-12-20 CN CN202380085880.4A patent/CN120303812A/zh active Pending
- 2023-12-20 EP EP23907742.3A patent/EP4621927A4/en active Pending
- 2023-12-20 WO PCT/KR2023/021128 patent/WO2024136459A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-12-20 JP JP2025535083A patent/JP2026504267A/ja active Pending
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| JPS5810320A (ja) | 1981-07-13 | 1983-01-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 開閉器の操作機構 |
| KR20140129312A (ko) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-11-06 | 닛산 지도우샤 가부시키가이샤 | 비수 전해질 2차 전지 및 그 제조 방법 |
| KR20160079575A (ko) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지 |
| JP2018055901A (ja) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池の製造方法 |
| KR20200061234A (ko) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-06-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 복합양극활물질, 그 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬전지 |
| JP2019081703A (ja) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-30 | 住友化学株式会社 | リチウム含有複合酸化物、正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| CN120303812A (zh) | 2025-07-11 |
| EP4621927A4 (en) | 2025-11-19 |
| EP4621927A1 (en) | 2025-09-24 |
| KR20240101231A (ko) | 2024-07-02 |
| JP2026504267A (ja) | 2026-02-04 |
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