WO2024169530A1 - 一种变速箱 - Google Patents

一种变速箱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024169530A1
WO2024169530A1 PCT/CN2024/073380 CN2024073380W WO2024169530A1 WO 2024169530 A1 WO2024169530 A1 WO 2024169530A1 CN 2024073380 W CN2024073380 W CN 2024073380W WO 2024169530 A1 WO2024169530 A1 WO 2024169530A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shift
gear
fork
seat
cable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/073380
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵会星
谭杨
陈利江
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Joycyc Cycling Technology Chongqing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Joycyc Cycling Technology Chongqing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Joycyc Cycling Technology Chongqing Co Ltd filed Critical Joycyc Cycling Technology Chongqing Co Ltd
Priority to JP2025540939A priority Critical patent/JP7841788B2/ja
Priority to EP24755905.7A priority patent/EP4628762A4/en
Publication of WO2024169530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024169530A1/zh
Priority to US19/259,562 priority patent/US12467534B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/08—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/16—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/18—Multiple final output mechanisms being moved by a single common final actuating mechanism the final output mechanisms being successively actuated by progressive movement of the final actuating mechanism the final actuating mechanism comprising cams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/32—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
    • B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
    • B62M11/06—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with spur gear wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M25/00—Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles
    • B62M25/02—Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles with mechanical transmitting systems, e.g. cables, levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/36—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement being transmitted by a cable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H2057/02039—Gearboxes for particular applications
    • F16H2057/02043—Gearboxes for particular applications for vehicle transmissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H2063/3089—Spring assisted shift, e.g. springs for accumulating energy of shift movement and release it when clutch teeth are aligned

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of transmission systems, in particular to a gearbox.
  • a gear shift control system In the transmission system of the gearbox, in order to realize the transmission change mechanism between different gear pairs of the gearbox, a gear shift control system is needed to shift gears.
  • the gear shift fork of most existing gear shift control systems adopts a rigid mechanism. When the fork drives the ratchet wheel to mesh with the gear to shift gears, it is easy to cause the ratchet wheel and the end face of the gear to hit the ratchet teeth hard and cause teeth to hit or get stuck; when the ratchet wheel and the gear are out of gear, it is easy to produce hard pulling of the ratchet wheel and cause damage to the ratchet teeth.
  • the Chinese invention patent application publication number CN115195932A discloses a bicycle middle shaft gearbox with load-shifting, wherein a gear shifting control mechanism is disclosed, which adopts an elastic notch and a spring sheet set on the shift fork to utilize the repeated rebound deformation force of the spring sheet to realize the elastic performance of the shift fork.
  • the spring sheet not only needs to play a reciprocating deformation role, but also needs to play a certain connection and support role, which makes the spring sheet very easy to fatigue and fail prematurely, and still causes the ratchet and gear to hit or jam, and leads to a short service life of the gearbox or the gearbox.
  • the present invention provides a gearbox, wherein the shift fork is rotatably connected with a fork arm and a fork seat, has low friction, is more flexible in shifting and disengaging, and has a long service life of the elastic part; and can effectively avoid the phenomenon of ratchet damage caused by the ratchet wheel and the gear being hit, stuck, or pulled hard.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the present invention provides a gearbox, comprising a box-type transmission device and a gear shift control system
  • the box-type transmission device comprises a box body, a main shaft and a counter shaft installed in parallel on the box body, the main shaft is installed with at least one main shaft gear, the counter shaft is installed with a counter shaft gear meshing with the main shaft gear, a ratchet meshing with the main shaft gear is slidably installed on the main shaft or/and a ratchet meshing with the counter shaft gear is installed on the counter shaft, and the ratchet is drivingly connected with the gear shift control system;
  • the shift control system includes an elastic shift fork mechanism, a shift guide groove drum stick for driving the elastic shift fork mechanism to move, a shift control gear set for driving the shift guide groove drum stick to rotate, and a shift control mechanism for driving the shift control gear set to rotate, wherein the shift guide groove drum stick is rotatably mounted on the box body;
  • the elastic fork mechanism comprises a fork seat, a fork arm rotatably connected to the fork seat, and an elastic member for driving the fork arm to reset.
  • the elastic member drives the fork arm to reset.
  • a shift guide groove is arranged on the circumferential surface of the shift guide groove drum stick, a shift fork boss is arranged on the upper end of the shift fork seat, and the shift fork boss is movably arranged in the shift guide groove; the lower end of the shift fork arm is movably connected to the ratchet.
  • the box-type transmission device also includes a toothed disc mounted on the main shaft and cranks mounted on both ends of the main shaft;
  • the fork arm is provided with a lower fork portion, and the inner sides of the two ends of the lower fork portion are provided with pulling piles, and the pulling piles are movably arranged in the fork groove on the peripheral surface of the ratchet wheel.
  • two sliding guide holes are arranged in parallel on the upper part of the fork seat, and the fork seat adopts the sliding guide holes to be sleeved on two guide rods, and the two guide rods are installed on the box body.
  • a mounting groove is provided at the lower part of the fork seat, and the fork arm is provided with a fork arm connecting portion, and the fork arm connecting portion is installed in the mounting groove by a fork arm rotating shaft;
  • the elastic member is a torsion spring, the spring body of which is installed on the fork arm rotating shaft, and the output end of the torsion spring clamps the fork arm connecting part and the fork seat.
  • the fork arm connecting portion is provided with a receiving groove, the fork arm rotating shaft passes through the receiving groove, the spring body of the torsion spring is installed in the receiving groove, and the output end extends out of the receiving groove and clamps the fork seat.
  • the gear shift operating gear set is installed on a housing, and the gear shift operating gear set includes a gear shift operating driven gear installed on the gear shift guide groove drum stick and a gear shift operating driving gear meshing with the gear shift operating driven gear, and a return spring for driving the gear to reset is provided on one side of the gear shift operating driving gear, one end of the return spring is connected to the gear wall of the gear shift operating driving gear, and the other end of the return spring is connected to the mounting shaft of the gear shift operating driving gear.
  • the gear shift control mechanism includes a gear shift cable, a cable adjustment mechanism and a cable controller.
  • a cable installation groove is provided on the gear shift operating active gear.
  • One end of the gear shift cable is wound around the cable installation groove, and the other end of the gear shift cable passes through the cable adjustment mechanism and enters the cable controller.
  • the cable adjustment mechanism comprises a mounting seat arranged on the gearbox housing, an adjusting screw connected to the mounting seat, and a locking nut connected to the adjusting screw;
  • the mounting seat is provided with a seat body threaded hole, and the seat body threaded hole is connected to the inside of the gearbox housing;
  • the adjusting screw is a hollow structure, and the adjusting screw is provided with an adjusting threaded section;
  • the adjusting threaded section is threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the seat body; the locking nut is sleeved on the adjusting threaded section and threadedly connected to the adjusting threaded section; the elastic fork mechanism, the shift guide groove drum rod, and the shift operating gear set are all arranged in the gearbox housing.
  • the adjusting screw is also provided with a screw head connected to the adjusting threaded section; the mounting seat and the gearbox housing are an integrally formed structure.
  • the wire pulling adjustment mechanism also includes a wire pulling tube, and a wire tube recess is provided at one end of the screw head away from the adjusting threaded section, and one end of the wire pulling tube is installed on the wire tube recess.
  • the present invention adopts a rotatable connection between the fork arm and the fork seat.
  • the elastic member always drives the fork arm to reset, so that the fork structure has elasticity.
  • the elastic fork mechanism drives the ratchet to shift into gear and mesh with the main shaft gear or the countershaft gear, there is a force unloading effect, thereby preventing the ratchet from hitting the end face of the main shaft gear or the countershaft gear due to hard contact with the ratchet teeth and causing teeth to hit or get stuck; when the ratchet is disengaged from the main shaft gear or the countershaft gear, it can avoid the ratchet teeth being damaged by hard pulling of the ratchet.
  • the present invention adopts a rotatable connection between the fork arm and the fork seat.
  • the friction is small, so that the ratchet and the main shaft gear or the counter shaft gear can be shifted and disengaged more flexibly; when the fork arm swings at a small angle relative to the fork seat, a larger displacement of the ratchet can be obtained.
  • the overall displacement of the fork used in the existing rigid fork and partially elastic fork not only is the wear small and the service life long, but the elastic deformation of the elastic part is also small, thus avoiding premature failure of the elastic part, and effectively extending the service life of the elastic part, the elastic fork mechanism and the gearbox.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention from another viewing angle.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention after the box is hidden.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention from another viewing angle after the box is hidden.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention from another viewing angle after the box is hidden.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the gear shift control system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the gear shift control system of the present invention from another perspective.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the elastic fork mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the elastic fork mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the elastic fork mechanism of the present invention after the ratchet wheel is installed.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the gear shift control system of the present invention after the gear shift control gear set and the gear shift control mechanism are hidden.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the shift control mechanism of the present invention after the cable controller is hidden.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the shift control mechanism of the present invention after the cable controller is hidden.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the adjusting screw according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention from another viewing angle.
  • a gearbox includes a box-type transmission device and a gear shift control system
  • the box-type transmission device includes a box body 400, a main shaft 05 and a counter shaft 06 installed in parallel on the box body 400, wherein at least one main shaft gear 07 is installed on the main shaft 05, and a counter shaft gear 08 meshing with the main shaft gear 07 is installed on the counter shaft 06, a ratchet 01 meshing with the main shaft gear 07 is slidably installed on the main shaft 05, and/or a ratchet 01 meshing with the counter shaft gear 08 is installed on the counter shaft 06, and the ratchet 01 is drivingly connected to the gear shift control system;
  • the shift control system includes an elastic shift fork mechanism 5, a shift guide groove drum stick 6 for driving the elastic shift fork mechanism 5 to move, a shift control gear set 7 for driving the shift guide groove drum stick 6 to rotate, and a shift control mechanism 8 for driving the shift control gear set 7 to rotate.
  • the shift guide groove drum stick 6 is rotatably mounted on the box body 400.
  • the elastic fork mechanism 5 includes a fork seat 1, a fork arm 3 rotatably connected to the fork seat 1, and an elastic member 2 for driving the fork arm 3 to reset.
  • the elastic member 2 drives the fork arm 3 to reset.
  • a shift guide groove 61 is provided on the circumferential surface of the shift guide groove drum stick 6, a shift fork boss 13 is provided on the upper end of the shift fork seat 1, and the shift fork boss 13 is movably provided in the shift guide groove 61; the lower end of the shift fork arm 3 is movably connected to the ratchet 01.
  • the elastic fork mechanism 5 and the shift guide groove 61 on the shift guide groove drum stick 6 can be provided with one or more as needed.
  • the main shaft gear 07 and the countershaft gear 08 can be provided with multiple as needed, and the main shaft gear 07 and the countershaft gear 08 can be provided with different sizes and series sizes as needed.
  • the shift control mechanism 8 drives the shift operating gear set 7 to rotate, and the shift operating gear set 7 drives the shift guide groove drum stick 6 to rotate, so that the shift guide groove 61 drives the shift fork boss 13 to drive the elastic shift fork mechanism 5 to move.
  • the elastic shift fork mechanism 5 when the ratchet teeth of the ratchet wheel 01 collide with the ratchet teeth of the main shaft gear 07 or the secondary shaft gear 08, the shift fork arm 3 swings relative to the shift fork seat 1, and the elastic member 2 always drives the shift fork arm 3 to drive the ratchet wheel 01 to reset.
  • the deformation of the elastic member 2 makes the elastic shift fork mechanism 5 give way, avoiding tooth hitting and jamming when shifting; so that the ratchet wheel 01 is meshed with the main shaft gear 07 or the secondary shaft gear 08 to achieve shifting.
  • the present invention adopts a rotatable connection between the fork arm 3 and the fork seat 1.
  • the elastic member 2 always drives the fork arm 3 to reset, so that the fork structure has elasticity.
  • the elastic fork mechanism 5 drives the ratchet 01 to shift and mesh with the main shaft gear 07 or the secondary shaft gear 08, there is a force unloading effect, thereby preventing the ratchet 01 from hitting the end face of the main shaft gear 07 or the secondary shaft gear 08 due to hard contact with the ratchet teeth and causing teeth to hit or get stuck; when the ratchet 01 is disengaged from the main shaft gear 07 or the secondary shaft gear 08, it can avoid the ratchet teeth being damaged by hard pulling of the ratchet 01.
  • the present invention adopts a rotatable connection between the fork arm 3 and the fork seat 1.
  • the friction is small, so that the ratchet 01 and the main shaft gear 07 or the countershaft gear 08 are more flexible in shifting and disengaging gears;
  • the fork arm 3 swings at a small angle relative to the fork seat 1, a larger displacement of the ratchet 01 can be obtained.
  • the elastic deformation of the elastic member 2 is small, thereby avoiding premature failure of the elastic member 2, and effectively extending the service life of the elastic member 2, the elastic fork mechanism 5 and the gearbox.
  • two sliding guide holes 11 are arranged in parallel on the upper part of the fork seat 1.
  • the fork seat 1 is sleeved on two guide rods 03 using the sliding guide holes 11.
  • the two guide rods 03 are installed on the box body 400.
  • the fork seat 1 drives the entire elastic fork mechanism and the ratchet 01 to move on the guide rod 03 to achieve the shifting and disengaging of the ratchet 01 and the main shaft gear 07 or the secondary shaft gear 08.
  • two sliding guide holes 11 are arranged in parallel. Two sliding guide holes 11 are provided so that the fork seat 1 is installed on the two guide rods 03.
  • the double guide rod design effectively avoids the shaking and flipping of the fork seat 1 and the entire elastic fork mechanism, so that the gearbox structure is stable and the transmission is reliable.
  • the lower part of the shift fork seat 1 is provided with a mounting groove 12
  • the shift fork arm 3 is provided with a fork arm connecting portion 31, and the fork arm connecting portion 31 is installed in the mounting groove 12 by using the fork arm rotating shaft 4
  • the elastic member 2 is a torsion spring
  • the spring body 21 of the torsion spring is installed in the fork arm rotating shaft 4
  • the output end 22 of the torsion spring clamps the fork arm connecting portion 31 and the shift fork seat 1.
  • the fork arm connecting portion 31 is installed in the fork arm rotating shaft 4, and the two ends of the fork arm rotating shaft 4 are installed in the groove walls on both sides of the mounting groove 12, and the fork arm connecting portion 31 is accommodated in the mounting groove 12.
  • the structure is compact and the fork arm 3 has good stability when rotating.
  • the fork arm connecting portion 31 is provided with a receiving groove 311
  • the fork arm rotating shaft 4 passes through the receiving groove 311
  • the spring body 21 of the torsion spring is installed in the receiving groove 311
  • the output end 22 extends out of the receiving groove 311 and clamps the fork seat 1.
  • the spring body 21 of the torsion spring is installed in the receiving groove 311, so that the torsion spring is installed and positioned, which not only has a stable structure and reliable installation, but also further makes the elastic fork mechanism 5 more compact.
  • the fork arm 3 is provided with a lower fork portion 32 , and the inner sides of both ends of the lower fork portion 32 are provided with pulling piles 321 , and the pulling piles 321 are movably arranged in the fork groove 011 on the circumferential surface of the ratchet 01 .
  • the shift operating gear set 7 is installed on the housing 400, and the shift operating gear set 7 includes a shift operating driven gear 71 installed on the shift guide groove drum stick 6 and a shift operating active gear 72 meshing with the shift operating driven gear 71.
  • a return coil spring 73 for driving the gear to reset is provided on one side of the shift operating active gear 72.
  • One end of the return coil spring 73 is connected to the gear wall of the shift operating active gear 72, and the other end of the return coil spring 73 is connected to the mounting shaft of the shift operating active gear 72.
  • the shift control mechanism 8 includes a shift cable 81, a cable adjustment mechanism 82 and a cable controller.
  • a cable installation groove is provided on the shift operating active gear 72.
  • One end of the shift cable 81 is wound around the cable installation groove, and the other end of the shift cable 81 passes through the cable adjustment mechanism 82 and enters the cable controller.
  • the cable controller can be implemented using an existing controller structure, so it is not described in detail.
  • the cable adjustment mechanism 82 is used to adjust the tightness of the shift cable 81.
  • the cable controller controls the shift cable 81 to drive the shift control active gear 72 to rotate, and the shift control active gear 72 drives the shift control driven gear 71 to rotate, thereby driving the shift guide groove drum stick 6 to rotate, so as to drive the elastic fork mechanism 5 to move and make the ratchet 01 engage with the gear 02 to achieve gear shifting.
  • the return coil spring 73 drives the shift control active gear 72 to reset.
  • the present invention also provides a cable adjustment mechanism 82, which includes a mounting seat 100 arranged on the gearbox housing 400, an adjustment screw 200 connected to the mounting seat 100, and a locking nut 300 connected to the adjustment screw 200;
  • the mounting seat 100 is provided with a seat body threaded hole 101, and the seat body threaded hole 101 is connected to the inside of the gearbox housing 400;
  • the adjustment screw 200 is a hollow structure, and the adjustment screw 200 is provided with an adjustment thread segment 201;
  • the adjustment thread segment 201 is threadedly connected to the seat body threaded hole 101;
  • the locking nut 300 is sleeved on the adjustment thread segment 201 and threadedly connected to the adjustment thread segment 201;
  • the elastic fork mechanism 5, the gear shift guide groove drum stick 6, and the gear shift operating gear set 7 are all arranged in the gearbox housing 400.
  • one end of the shift cable 81 is wound around the shift control active gear 72, and the other end of the shift cable 81 passes through the mounting seat 100 and the adjusting screw 200 in sequence and is connected to the cable controller at the horizontal handle of the frame.
  • the shift cable 81 is still in a loose state.
  • the adjusting screw 200 and the locking nut 300 on the adjusting thread segment 201 are screwed at the same time to shorten the threaded engagement section between the seat body threaded hole 101 of the mounting seat 100 and the adjusting thread segment 201, so as to increase the length of the adjusting thread segment 201 exposed from the seat body threaded hole 101, that is, to increase the length of the adjusting thread segment 201 for sleeve connection and accommodation of the shift cable 81, thereby tensioning the shift cable 81.
  • the adjusting thread segment 201 is screwed separately to make the end face of the adjusting thread segment 201 abut against the mounting seat 100.
  • the adjusting screw 200 is not easy to be screwed into the threaded hole 101 of the mounting seat 100 alone, thereby achieving locking of the shift cable 81 after tensioning.
  • the wire adjustment mechanism 82 adopts a mounting base 100 set on the gearbox housing 400, which makes it easy to install components such as the adjustment screw 200 and the locking nut 300, without the need to install them in other places such as the bicycle frame. While being easy to install, it effectively utilizes the installation position and saves other installation space, and is reliably fixed, making its structure stable.
  • the cable adjustment mechanism 82 adopts a mounting base 100 set on the gearbox housing 400.
  • the adjusting threaded section 201 and the locking nut 300 are turned to adjust the tightness of the shift cable 81, the tightness of the shift cable 81 on the shift operating active gear 72 can be observed in real time.
  • it effectively increases the convenience and adjustment efficiency of adjusting the shift cable 81, thereby improving the overall assembly efficiency of the gearbox product and reducing labor costs.
  • the cable adjustment mechanism 82 shortens or increases the screwing length of the adjusting screw 200 and the mounting seat 100 to adjust the looseness or tightness of the shift cable 81. It only needs to turn the adjusting screw 200 forwards and backwards. It is simple to operate and easy for workers to operate. At the same time, a locking nut 300 is used to lock the shift cable 81, so that the shift cable 81 is not easy to loosen during use, thereby improving the reliability of the shift control of the speed operating mechanism and improving the overall quality of the gearbox product.
  • the adjusting screw 200 is further provided with a screw head 202 connected to the adjusting threaded section 201, which is convenient for screwing and adjusting, and is also convenient for installing other parts such as the cable tube 500.
  • the mounting seat 100 and the gearbox housing 400 are an integrally formed structure. Specifically, the mounting seat 100 and the gearbox housing 400 are processed and formed together, thereby reducing the separate processing of parts, not only avoiding the cumbersome process of processing multiple parts and then assembling them, but also making the parts easy to install and the structure more stable after installation.
  • the cable adjustment mechanism 82 further includes a cable tube 500, and a cable tube recess 203 is provided at one end of the screw head 202 away from the adjustment threaded section 201, and one end of the cable tube 500 is mounted on the cable tube recess 203.
  • the cable tube recess 203 is used to accommodate, install and position the cable tube 500, which is beneficial to the threading and tensioning of the shift cable 81.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及传动系统技术领域，尤其是指一种变速箱，包括箱式变速装置及变挡操纵系统，所述箱式变速装置包括箱体、主轴和副轴，主轴齿轮，副轴齿轮，棘轮；所述变挡操纵系统包括弹性拨叉机构、用于驱动弹性拨叉机构移动的变挡导槽鼓棒、用于驱动变挡导槽鼓棒转动的变挡操纵齿轮组及用于驱动变挡操纵齿轮组转动的变挡控制机构，所述变挡导槽鼓棒可转动的安装于箱体。本发明采用拔叉臂和拔叉座可转动连接，摩擦小，进挡和脱挡更加灵活，弹性件使用寿命长；并且能有效的避免棘轮与齿轮打齿、卡滞、硬拉等造成棘齿受损现象，有效的延长了弹性件、变挡操纵系统和变速箱的使用寿命。

Description

一种变速箱
本发明涉及传动系统技术领域，尤其是指一种变速箱。
背景技术
在变速箱传动系统中，为了实现变速箱不同齿轮副之间的传递变化的机构，需要用到变挡操纵系统进行换挡。现有的大部分变挡操纵系统的变挡拔叉采用刚性机构，在拨叉带动棘轮与齿轮啮合进挡时，容易产生棘轮与齿轮端面棘齿硬顶而出现打齿或卡滞；在棘轮与齿轮脱挡时，容易生产硬拉棘轮造成棘齿受损。
中国发明专利申请公开号为CN115195932A公开了一种带负荷变速的自行车中轴变速箱，其中公开一种变挡操纵机构，其采用在拨叉上设置一个弹性缺口和一个弹片，以利用弹片的反复回弹变形力以实现拨叉具备弹性的性能。该拨叉结构在使用过程中，弹片不仅需要起到往返变形作用，还需要起到一定的连接和支撑作用，导致弹片极容易提前疲劳失效，依然会致使棘轮与齿轮打齿或卡滞现象，并且导致变速箱或变速箱使用寿命短。
基于上述现有的变挡操纵系统采用刚性拨叉和弹性拔叉的不足，亟需提供一种解决方案，以克服上述技术问题。
 发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供一种变速箱，其变挡拔叉采用拔叉臂和拔叉座可转动连接，摩擦小，进挡和脱挡更加灵活，弹性件使用寿命长；并且能有效的避免棘轮与齿轮打齿、卡滞、硬拉等造成棘齿受损现象。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供一种变速箱，包括箱式变速装置及变挡操纵系统，所述箱式变速装置包括箱体、并列安装于箱体的主轴和副轴，所述主轴上安装有至少一个主轴齿轮，所述副轴安装有与主轴齿轮啮合的副轴齿轮，所述主轴上滑动安装有与主轴齿轮啮合的棘轮或/和副轴上安装有与副轴齿轮啮合的棘轮，所述棘轮与所述变挡操纵系统驱动连接；
所述变挡操纵系统包括弹性拨叉机构、用于驱动弹性拨叉机构移动的变挡导槽鼓棒、用于驱动变挡导槽鼓棒转动的变挡操纵齿轮组及用于驱动变挡操纵齿轮组转动的变挡控制机构，所述变挡导槽鼓棒可转动的安装于箱体；
所述弹性拨叉机构包括拔叉座、与拔叉座可转动连接的拔叉臂及用于驱动拔叉臂复位的弹性件，当拔叉臂相对拔叉座摆动时，所述弹性件驱动所述拔叉臂复位；
所述变挡导槽鼓棒的圆周面上设置有变挡导槽，所述拔叉座的上端设置有拔叉凸柱，所述拔叉凸柱活动设置于变挡导槽内；所述拔叉臂的下端与棘轮活动连接。
其中，所述箱式变速装置还包括安装于主轴的牙盘及安装于主轴两端的曲柄；
所述拔叉臂设置有下叉部，所述下叉部两端的内侧设置有拔桩，所述拔桩活动设置于与所述棘轮周面上的拔叉槽内。
其中，所述拔叉座的上部并列设置有两个滑动导向孔，所述拔叉座采用所述滑动导向孔套设于两条导向杆，所述两条导向杆安装于箱体。
优选的，所述拔叉座的下部设置有安装槽，所述拔叉臂设置有叉臂连接部，所述叉臂连接部采用叉臂转轴安装于安装槽；
所述弹性件为扭簧，扭簧的簧身安装于叉臂转轴，扭簧的输出端头夹持住叉臂连接部和拔叉座。
其中，所述叉臂连接部设置有容置槽，所述叉臂转轴贯穿所述容置槽，所述扭簧的簧身安装于容置槽，所述输出端头伸出容置槽后夹持拔叉座。
其中，所述变挡操纵齿轮组安装于箱体，所述变挡操纵齿轮组包括安装于变挡导槽鼓棒的变挡操纵从动齿轮及与变挡操纵从动齿轮啮合的变挡操纵主动齿轮，所述变挡操纵主动齿轮的一侧设置有用于驱动齿轮复位的回位卷簧，所述回位卷簧的一端与变挡操纵主动齿轮的齿轮壁连接，所述回位卷簧的另一端连接于该变挡操纵主动齿轮的安装轴。
其中，所述变挡控制机构包括变挡拉线、拉线调节机构及拉线控制器，所述变挡操纵主动齿轮上设置有拉线安装槽，所述变挡拉线的一端绕设于拉线安装槽，所述变挡拉线的另一端穿过拉线调节机构后进入拉线控制器。
其中，所述拉线调节机构包括设置于变速箱壳体的安装座、与安装座连接的调节螺丝及与调节螺丝连接的锁紧螺母；所述安装座设置有座体螺纹孔，所述座体螺纹孔与变速箱壳体内部连通；所述调节螺丝为中空结构，调节螺丝设置有调节螺纹段；
所述调节螺纹段与座体螺纹孔螺纹连接；所述锁紧螺母套设于调节螺纹段并与调节螺纹段螺纹连接；所述弹性拨叉机构、变挡导槽鼓棒、变挡操纵齿轮组均设置于所述变速箱壳体内。
其中，所述调节螺丝还设有与调节螺纹段连接的螺丝头部；所述安装座与变速箱壳体为一体成型结构。
其中，所述拉线调节机构还包括拉线线管，所述螺丝头部远离调节螺纹段的一端设置有线管凹台，所述拉线线管的一端安装于线管凹台。
本发明的有益效果：
（1）本发明采用拔叉臂和拔叉座可转动连接，在当拔叉臂相对拔叉座摆动时，所述弹性件始终驱动所述拔叉臂复位，使得本拨叉结构具备弹性。当本弹性拨叉机构驱动棘轮进挡与主轴齿轮或副轴齿轮啮合时有卸力作用，从而可以避免棘轮与主轴齿轮或副轴齿轮端面棘齿硬顶而出现打齿或卡滞；棘轮与主轴齿轮或副轴齿轮脱挡时，可以避免硬拉棘轮造成棘齿受损。
（2）本发明采用拔叉臂和拔叉座可转动连接，拔叉臂摆动时摩擦小，使得棘轮与主轴齿轮或副轴齿轮进挡和脱挡更加灵活；当拔叉臂相对拔叉座摆动较小角度就可以获得棘轮较大的位移，相对现有刚性拔叉和部分弹性拔叉采用的拔叉整体位移，不仅磨损小、使用寿命长，还使得弹性件弹性变形小，避免弹性件提前失效，有效的延长了弹性件、弹性拨叉机构和变速箱的使用寿命。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的立体结构示意图。
图2为本发明另一视角的立体结构示意图。
图3为本发明隐藏箱体后的立体结构示意图。
图4为本发明隐藏箱体后的另一视角的立体结构示意图。
图5为本发明隐藏箱体后的又一视角的结构示意图。
图6为本发明所述变挡操纵系统的立体结构示意图。
图7为本发明所述变挡操纵系统另一视角的立体结构示意图。
图8为本发明所述的弹性拨叉机构的立体结构示意图。
图9为本发明所述的弹性拨叉机构的分解结构示意图。
图10为本发明所述的弹性拨叉机构安装棘轮后的立体结构示意图。
图11为本发明所述变挡操纵系统隐藏变挡操纵齿轮组和变挡控制机构后的立体结构示意图。
图12为本发明所述的变挡控制机构隐藏拉线控制器后的分解结构示意图。
图13为本发明所述的变挡控制机构隐藏拉线控制器后的立体结构示意图。
图14为本发明所述的调节螺丝的立体结构示意图。
图15为本发明另一视角的立体结构示意图。
 实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员的理解，下面结合实施例与附图对本发明作进一步的说明，实施方式提及的内容并非对本发明的限定。以下结合附图对本发明进行详细的描述。
参考图1至图15所示，一种变速箱，包括箱式变速装置及变挡操纵系统，所述箱式变速装置包括箱体400、并列安装于箱体400的主轴05和副轴06，所述主轴05上安装有至少一个主轴齿轮07，所述副轴06安装有与主轴齿轮07啮合的副轴齿轮08，所述主轴05上滑动安装有与主轴齿轮07啮合的棘轮01或/和副轴06上安装有与副轴齿轮08啮合的棘轮01，所述棘轮01与所述变挡操纵系统驱动连接；
所述变挡操纵系统包括弹性拨叉机构5、用于驱动弹性拨叉机构5移动的变挡导槽鼓棒6、用于驱动变挡导槽鼓棒6转动的变挡操纵齿轮组7及用于驱动变挡操纵齿轮组7转动的变挡控制机构8，所述变挡导槽鼓棒6可转动的安装于箱体400；
所述弹性拨叉机构5包括拔叉座1、与拔叉座1可转动连接的拔叉臂3及用于驱动拔叉臂3复位的弹性件2，当拔叉臂3相对拔叉座1摆动时，所述弹性件2驱动所述拔叉臂3复位；
所述变挡导槽鼓棒6的圆周面上设置有变挡导槽61，所述拔叉座1的上端设置有拔叉凸柱13，所述拔叉凸柱13活动设置于变挡导槽61内；所述拔叉臂3的下端与棘轮01活动连接。
具体的，所述弹性拨叉机构5和变挡导槽鼓棒6上的变挡导槽61可以根据需要设置一个或多个。所述主轴齿轮07和副轴齿轮08可以根据需要设置多个，主轴齿轮07和副轴齿轮08可以根据需要设置不同尺寸和系列尺寸。
实际应用时，变挡控制机构8驱动变挡操纵齿轮组7转动，所述变挡操纵齿轮组7驱动变挡导槽鼓棒6转动，以使变挡导槽61驱动拔叉凸柱13带动弹性拨叉机构5移动。在弹性拨叉机构5移动过程中，当棘轮01的棘齿与主轴齿轮07或副轴齿轮08的棘齿相碰时，拔叉臂3相对拔叉座1摆动，弹性件2又始终驱动所述拔叉臂3带动棘轮01复位，弹性件2的形变使本弹性拨叉机构5有让位作用，避免了进挡时打齿、卡滞；从而使棘轮01与主轴齿轮07或副轴齿轮08进行啮合，以实现变挡。
本发明采用拔叉臂3和拔叉座1可转动连接，在当拔叉臂3相对拔叉座1摆动时，所述弹性件2始终驱动所述拔叉臂3复位，使得本拨叉结构具备弹性。当本弹性拨叉机构5驱动棘轮01进挡与主轴齿轮07或副轴齿轮08啮合时有卸力作用，从而可以避免棘轮01与主轴齿轮07或副轴齿轮08端面棘齿硬顶而出现打齿或卡滞；棘轮01与主轴齿轮07或副轴齿轮08脱挡时，可以避免硬拉棘轮01造成棘齿受损。
本发明采用拔叉臂3和拔叉座1可转动连接，拔叉臂3摆动时摩擦小，使得棘轮01与主轴齿轮07或副轴齿轮08进挡和脱挡更加灵活；当拔叉臂3相对拔叉座1摆动较小角度就可以获得棘轮01较大的位移，相对现有刚性拔叉和部分弹性拔叉采用的拔叉整体位移，不仅磨损小、使用寿命长，还使得弹性件2弹性变形小，避免弹性件2提前失效，有效的延长了弹性件2、弹性拨叉机构5和变速箱的使用寿命。
本实施例中，所述拔叉座1的上部并列设置有两个滑动导向孔11，所述拔叉座1采用所述滑动导向孔11套设于两条导向杆03，所述两条导向杆03安装于箱体400。工作时，拔叉座1带动整个弹性拨叉机构和棘轮01在导向杆03移动，以实现棘轮01与主轴齿轮07或副轴齿轮08的进挡和脱挡。具体的，所述滑动导向孔11并列设置有两个，设置有两个滑动导向孔11，使拔叉座1安装于两条导向杆03上，采用这种双导向杆设计，有效地避免了拔叉座1和整个弹性拨叉机构发生晃动和翻转，使得本变速箱结构稳定，传动可靠。
本实施例中，所述拔叉座1的下部设置有安装槽12，所述拔叉臂3设置有叉臂连接部31，所述叉臂连接部31采用叉臂转轴4安装于安装槽12；所述弹性件2为扭簧，扭簧的簧身21安装于叉臂转轴4，扭簧的输出端头22夹持住叉臂连接部31和拔叉座1。具体的，所述叉臂连接部31安装于叉臂转轴4，叉臂转轴4的两端安装于安装槽12两侧的槽壁，所述叉臂连接部31容置于安装槽12内，该结构紧凑，拔叉臂3转动时稳定性好。
本实施例中，所述叉臂连接部31设置有容置槽311，所述叉臂转轴4贯穿所述容置槽311，所述扭簧的簧身21安装于容置槽311，所述输出端头22伸出容置槽311后夹持拔叉座1。将扭簧的簧身21安装于容置槽311内，从而对扭簧进行安装和定位，不仅结构稳定，安装可靠，还进一步的使得本弹性拔叉机构5更加紧凑。
本实施例中，所述拔叉臂3设置有下叉部32，所述下叉部32两端的内侧设置有拔桩321，所述拔桩321活动设置于与棘轮01周面上的拔叉槽011内。
本实施例中，所述变挡操纵齿轮组7安装于箱体400，所述变挡操纵齿轮组7包括安装于变挡导槽鼓棒6的变挡操纵从动齿轮71及与变挡操纵从动齿轮71啮合的变挡操纵主动齿轮72，所述变挡操纵主动齿轮72的一侧设置有用于驱动齿轮复位的回位卷簧73，所述回位卷簧73的一端与变挡操纵主动齿轮72的齿轮壁连接，所述回位卷簧73的另一端连接于该变挡操纵主动齿轮72的安装轴。具体的，所述变挡控制机构8包括变挡拉线81、拉线调节机构82及拉线控制器，所述变挡操纵主动齿轮72上设置有拉线安装槽，所述变挡拉线81的一端绕设于拉线安装槽，所述变挡拉线81的另一端穿过拉线调节机构82后进入拉线控制器。所述拉线控制器可以采用现有的控制器结构来实现，故不再赘述。
本实施例中，所述拉线调节机构82用于对变挡拉线81的松紧度进行调节。需要变挡时，拉线控制器控制变挡拉线81带动变挡操纵主动齿轮72转动，变挡操纵主动齿轮72带动变挡操纵从动齿轮71转动，从而驱动变挡导槽鼓棒6转动，以驱动弹性拨叉机构5移动而使棘轮01与齿轮02进行啮合，以实现变挡。当变挡拉线81带动变挡操纵主动齿轮72转动的力被释放后，所述回位卷簧73驱动变挡操纵主动齿轮72复位。
为了克服现有的拉线调节机构安装于车架上，不利于对变速箱中变挡拉线松紧状态的观察，导致调整极为不便；并且对变挡拉线松紧调整后，在使用的过程中变挡拉线容易松散技术问题。本发明还提供了一种拉线调节机构82，其包括设置于变速箱壳体400的安装座100、与安装座100连接的调节螺丝200及与调节螺丝200连接的锁紧螺母300；所述安装座100设置有座体螺纹孔101，所述座体螺纹孔101与变速箱壳体400内部连通；所述调节螺丝200为中空结构，调节螺丝200设置有调节螺纹段201；所述调节螺纹段201与座体螺纹孔101螺纹连接；所述锁紧螺母300套设于调节螺纹段201并与调节螺纹段201螺纹连接；所述弹性拨叉机构5、变挡导槽鼓棒6、变挡操纵齿轮组7均设置于所述变速箱壳体400内。
实际应用时，将变挡拉线81的一端绕设在变挡操纵主动齿轮72上，变挡拉线81的另一端依次穿过安装座100、调节螺丝200后与车架的横把处的拉线控制器连接。刚安装好变挡拉线81时，变挡拉线81还处于松散状态。此时，同时拧动调节螺丝200和调节螺纹段201上的锁紧螺母300，使安装座100的座体螺纹孔101与调节螺纹段201螺纹旋合段变短，以增加显露出座体螺纹孔101的调节螺纹段201的长度，即增加了调节螺纹段201用于套接和容纳变挡拉线81的长度，从而对变挡拉线81进行张紧。当变挡拉线81被张紧后，单独拧动调节螺纹段201，使调节螺纹段201的端面与安装座100抵接。此时，调节螺丝200就不容易被单独旋合进入安装座100的座体螺纹孔101内，从而实现对变挡拉线81张紧后的锁定。
本拉线调节机构82采用将安装座100设置于变速箱壳体400上，使得调节螺丝200和锁紧螺母300等零部件安装方便，无需在自行车车架等其他地方进行安装，安装便捷的同时，有效的利用安装位置和节约了其他安装空间，并且固定可靠，使其结构稳定。
本拉线调节机构82采用将安装座100设置于变速箱壳体400上，在拧动调节螺纹段201和锁紧螺母300对变挡拉线81进行松紧调节时，可以实时观察变挡拉线81在变挡操纵主动齿轮72上的松紧状态，其相对于现有的拉线调节装置，有效的增加了调节变挡拉线81便捷性和调节效率，从而从整体上提高了变速箱产品的组装效率，降低了人工成本。
本拉线调节机构82采用缩短或增加调节螺丝200与安装座100旋合长度，从而调节变挡拉线81的松或紧，只需要正反拧动调节螺丝200即可，其操作简单，工人容易上手作业；同时还采用锁紧螺母300对变挡拉线81进行锁紧，使得在使用过程中变挡拉线81不易松散，从而提高了变速操纵机构变挡控制的可靠性，提升了变速箱产品的整体质量。
本实施例中，所述调节螺丝200还设有与调节螺纹段201连接的螺丝头部202，便于拧动调节，且也便于拉线线管500等其他零部件的安装。所述安装座100与变速箱壳体400为一体成型结构，具体的，安装座100和变速箱壳体400一起加工成型，从而减少零部件的单独加工，不仅避免了加工多个零部件后再进行组装的繁琐工艺，同时使得零部件安装方便，安装后结构更加稳定。
本实施例中，所述拉线调节机构82还包括拉线线管500，所述螺丝头部202远离调节螺纹段201的一端设置有线管凹台203，所述拉线线管500的一端安装于线管凹台203。采用线管凹台203对拉线线管500进行容置安装和定位，有利于变挡拉线81的穿线和张紧。
以上所述，仅是本发明较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明以较佳实施例公开如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许变更或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明技术是指对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种变速箱，包括箱式变速装置及变挡操纵系统，所述箱式变速装置包括箱体（400）、并列安装于箱体（400）的主轴（05）和副轴（06），所述主轴（05）上安装有至少一个主轴齿轮（07），所述副轴（06）安装有与主轴齿轮（07） 啮合的副轴齿轮（08），所述主轴（05）上滑动安装有与主轴齿轮（07）啮合的棘轮（01）或/和副轴（06）上安装有与副轴齿轮（08）啮合的棘轮（01），所述棘轮（01）与所述变挡操纵系统驱动连接；其特征在于：
    所述变挡操纵系统包括弹性拨叉机构（5）、用于驱动弹性拨叉机构（5）移动的变挡导槽鼓棒（6）、用于驱动变挡导槽鼓棒（6）转动的变挡操纵齿轮组（7）及用于驱动变挡操纵齿轮组（7）转动的变挡控制机构（8），所述变挡导槽鼓棒（6）可转动的安装于箱体（400）；
    所述弹性拨叉机构（5）包括拔叉座（1）、与拔叉座（1）可转动连接的拔叉臂（3）及用于驱动拔叉臂（3）复位的弹性件（2），当拔叉臂（3）相对拔叉座（1）摆动时，所述弹性件（2）驱动所述拔叉臂（3）复位；
    所述变挡导槽鼓棒（6）的圆周面上设置有变挡导槽（61），所述拔叉座（1）的上端设置有拔叉凸柱（13），所述拔叉凸柱（13）活动设置于变挡导槽（61）内；所述拔叉臂（3）的下端与棘轮（01）活动连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述箱式变速装置还包括安装于主轴（05）的牙盘（09）及安装于主轴（05）两端的曲柄（600）；
    所述拔叉臂（3）设置有下叉部（32），所述下叉部（32）两端的内侧设置有拔桩（321），所述拔桩（321）活动设置于与所述棘轮（01）周面上的拔叉槽（011）内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述拔叉座（1）的上部并列设置有两个滑动导向孔（11），所述拔叉座（1）采用所述滑动导向孔（11）套设于两条导向杆（03），所述两条导向杆（03）安装于箱体（400）。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述拔叉座（1）的下部设置有安装槽（12），所述拔叉臂（3）设置有叉臂连接部（31），所述叉臂连接部（31）采用叉臂转轴（4）安装于安装槽（12）；
    所述弹性件（2）为扭簧，扭簧的簧身（21）安装于叉臂转轴（4），扭簧的输出端头（22）夹持住叉臂连接部（31）和拔叉座（1）。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述叉臂连接部（31）设置有容置槽（311），所述叉臂转轴（4）贯穿所述容置槽（311），所述扭簧的簧身（21）安装于容置槽（311），所述输出端头（22）伸出容置槽（311）后夹持拔叉座（1）。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述变挡操纵齿轮组（7）安装于箱体（400），所述变挡操纵齿轮组（7）包括安装于变挡导槽鼓棒（6）的变挡操纵从动齿轮（71）及与变挡操纵从动齿轮（71）啮合的变挡操纵主动齿轮（72），所述变挡操纵主动齿轮（72）的一侧设置有用于驱动齿轮复位的回位卷簧（73），所述回位卷簧（73）的一端与变挡操纵主动齿轮（72）的齿轮壁连接，所述回位卷簧（73）的另一端连接于该变挡操纵主动齿轮（72）的安装轴。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述变挡控制机构（8）包括变挡拉线（81）、拉线调节机构（82）及拉线控制器，所述变挡操纵主动齿轮（72）上设置有拉线安装槽，所述变挡拉线（81）的一端绕设于拉线安装槽，所述变挡拉线（81）的另一端穿过拉线调节机构（82）后进入拉线控制器。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述拉线调节机构（82）包括设置于变速箱壳体（400）的安装座（100）、与安装座（100）连接的调节螺丝（200）及与调节螺丝（200）连接的锁紧螺母（300）；
    所述安装座（100）设置有座体螺纹孔（101），所述座体螺纹孔（101）与变速箱壳体（400）内部连通；所述调节螺丝（200）为中空结构，调节螺丝（200）设置有调节螺纹段（201）；
    所述调节螺纹段（201）与座体螺纹孔（101）螺纹连接；所述锁紧螺母（300）套设于调节螺纹段（201）并与调节螺纹段（201）螺纹连接；
    所述弹性拨叉机构（5）、变挡导槽鼓棒（6）、变挡操纵齿轮组（7）均设置于所述变速箱壳体（400）内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述调节螺丝（200）还设有与调节螺纹段（201）连接的螺丝头部（202）；所述安装座（100）与变速箱壳体（400）为一体成型结构。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述一种变速箱，其特征在于：所述拉线调节机构（82）还包括拉线线管（500），所述螺丝头部（202）远离调节螺纹段（201）的一端设置有线管凹台（203），所述拉线线管（500）的一端安装于线管凹台（203）。
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