WO2024172006A1 - Fibre optique - Google Patents

Fibre optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024172006A1
WO2024172006A1 PCT/JP2024/004733 JP2024004733W WO2024172006A1 WO 2024172006 A1 WO2024172006 A1 WO 2024172006A1 JP 2024004733 W JP2024004733 W JP 2024004733W WO 2024172006 A1 WO2024172006 A1 WO 2024172006A1
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Prior art keywords
cladding layer
refractive index
optical fiber
radius
radial position
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PCT/JP2024/004733
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
大輝 小島
大 井上
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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Shin Etsu Chemical Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2025501142A priority Critical patent/JPWO2024172006A1/ja
Publication of WO2024172006A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024172006A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to optical fibers.
  • Patent Document 1 states that "a trench relatively far from the core may improve mode confinement, improve bending loss, permit the use of lossier "high loss” cladding material or permit reduction in the overall fiber diameter" (Chapter 11, lines 36 to 40).
  • Patent Document 2 states that "there is no abrupt composition change region at the boundary between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer, and as a result, the refractive index distribution structure has a negative gradient with respect to the outer diameter direction in the second cladding layer.” (Paragraph 0022).
  • Patent Documents [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 4,852,968 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent No. 5,799,903
  • an optical fiber comprises an inner core of radius r1 at the center, an outer core of radius r2, a first cladding layer of outermost radius r3 adjacent to the outer core at radial position r2 and covering its outer periphery, a second cladding layer of outermost radius r4 adjacent to the first cladding layer at radial position r3 and covering its outer periphery, and a third cladding layer adjacent to the second cladding layer at radial position r4 and covering its outer periphery, the refractive indexes of the inner core, the outer core, and the first cladding layer are maximum at the center and decrease continuously and gently from the center toward the outside, and the refractive index of the second cladding layer increases continuously and gently from the radial position r3 to the radial position r4.
  • the optical fiber may satisfy
  • the inner core has a maximum relative refractive index difference ⁇ 1max at the center
  • the outer core has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ 2 at the radial position r1
  • the first cladding layer has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ 3 at the radial position r2 and a minimum relative refractive index difference ⁇ 4min at the radial position r3
  • the second cladding layer has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ 5 at the radial position r4, where ⁇ 1max> ⁇ 2> ⁇ 3> ⁇ 5> ⁇ 4min, and ⁇ 2 may be 0.3% or less.
  • the slope of the refractive index profile curve may change from negative to positive near the radial position r3 where the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer meet.
  • the radius r1 may be 2 to 10 ⁇ m
  • the radius r2 may be 3 to 14 ⁇ m
  • the outermost radius r3 may be 10 to 25 ⁇ m.
  • the positive dopant added to the inner core may have a radial concentration distribution, and at the position where the concentration of the positive dopant is maximum in the concentration distribution, the relative refractive index difference of the inner core based on the average refractive index of the third cladding layer may be 0.20 to 0.50%.
  • the positive dopant may be germanium and/or chlorine.
  • a negative dopant may be added to the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer so that the relative refractive index difference between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer based on the average refractive index of the third cladding layer is -0.40 to -0.05%.
  • the negative dopant may be fluorine.
  • any of the optical fibers described above may have an attenuation of less than about 0.1845 dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm.
  • the bending loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm when bent with a radius of 10 mm may be 0.1 dB/turn or less.
  • the zero dispersion wavelength may be 1300 to 1324 nm.
  • the mode field diameter at 1310 nm may be 8.8 to 9.6 ⁇ m.
  • the cutoff wavelength measured at a fiber length of 22 m may be 1260 nm or less.
  • 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure of an optical fiber according to an embodiment.
  • 2 illustrates an example of a refractive index profile structure of an optical fiber according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows an outline of the cross-sectional structure of an optical fiber 1 according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the refractive index distribution structure of the optical fiber 1 according to one embodiment, which has low-loss transmission characteristics and bending loss equivalent to or greater than those of a single-mode optical fiber.
  • the optical fiber 1 for optical communication has a trench-type refractive index distribution structure with a three-layer cladding structure. That is, the optical fiber 1 is composed of an inner core 2 with a radius r1 at the center, an outer core 3 with an outermost radius r2 adjacent to the inner core 2 at the radial position r1 and covering the outer periphery, a first cladding layer 4 with an outermost radius r3 adjacent to the outer core 3 at the radial position r2 and covering the outer periphery, a second cladding layer 5 with an outermost radius r4 adjacent to the first cladding layer 4 at the radial position r3 and covering the outer periphery, and a third cladding layer 6 adjacent to the second cladding layer 5 at the radial position r4 and covering the outer periphery.
  • the outer periphery of the third cladding layer 6 is the radial position rf, and the outer periphery of the third cladding layer 6 is the outermost surface of the optical fiber 1.
  • the optical fiber 1 may additionally include layers other than the inner core 2, the outer core 3, the first cladding layer 4, the second cladding layer 5, and the third cladding layer 6.
  • the refractive index of the inner core 2, outer core 3, and first cladding layer 4 is maximum at the center of the inner core 2 and decreases continuously and gently from the center toward the outside, while the refractive index of the second cladding layer 5 increases continuously and gently from radial position r3 to radial position r4.
  • the refractive index profile of the optical fiber 1 does not have an abrupt refractive index change region in the inner core 2, outer core 3, first cladding layer 4, and second cladding layer 5.
  • the optical fiber 1 does not have an abrupt composition change region.
  • the refractive index at an arbitrary radial position (distance from the center of the optical fiber 1) r in the optical fiber 1 is defined as n(r).
  • r1 is the radial position where the second differential value of the refractive index distribution is the smallest in the region of r ⁇ 15 ⁇ m or less, and may be 2 to 10 ⁇ m or 3.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • r2 is the radial position where the second differential value of the refractive index distribution is the largest in the region of r ⁇ 15 ⁇ m or less, and may be 3 to 14 ⁇ m or 4 to 7 ⁇ m.
  • r3 is the radial position where the refractive index is the lowest in the refractive index distribution, and may be 10 to 25 ⁇ m or 12 to 20 ⁇ m. In the refractive index distribution, the refractive index increases gradually from r3 to r4.
  • the average refractive index from rf/2 to rf is n0.
  • the refractive index distribution from the inner core 2 to the first cladding layer 4 has a maximum value at the center position of the inner core 2, decreases continuously and gently from the inside to the outside, and has a minimum value at radial position r3.
  • the refractive index of the second cladding layer 5 increases continuously and gently from the inside to the outside, has a minimum value at radial position r3, and has a maximum value at radial position r4.
  • the slope of the refractive index distribution curve changes from negative to positive near radial position r3 where the first cladding layer 4 and second cladding layer 5 meet.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of each layer is defined as follows.
  • the inner core 2 has a maximum relative refractive index difference ⁇ 1max at the center
  • the outer core 3 has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ 2 at radial position r1
  • the first cladding layer 4 has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ 3 at radial position r2 and a minimum relative refractive index difference ⁇ 4min at radial position r3
  • the second cladding layer 5 has a relative refractive index difference ⁇ 5 at radial position r4.
  • ⁇ 1max is the maximum relative refractive index difference in the profile
  • ⁇ 2 is the relative refractive index difference ⁇ (r1) at radial position r1
  • ⁇ 3 is the relative refractive index difference ⁇ (r2) at radial position r2
  • ⁇ 4min is the minimum relative refractive index difference ⁇ (r3) at radial position r3
  • ⁇ 5 is the relative refractive index difference ⁇ (r4) at radial position r4.
  • ⁇ 0 is the average relative refractive index difference between ⁇ (rf/2) and ⁇ (rf).
  • the positive dopant added to the inner core 2 may have a concentration distribution in the radial direction of the inner core 2.
  • the positive dopant may be germanium and/or chlorine.
  • the maximum relative refractive index difference of the inner core 2 based on the average refractive index of the third cladding layer 6 may be 0.20 to 0.50%.
  • the maximum relative refractive index difference of the inner core 2 is less than 0.20%, the refractive index difference with the cladding becomes small, and a predetermined bending loss, for example, a bending loss of 0.1 dB/turn or less at a wavelength of 1550 nm when bending with a radius of 10 mm is not obtained. Also, if the maximum relative refractive index difference of the inner core 2 is greater than 0.50%, the dopant concentration in the core portion becomes high, and there is a concern that the transmission loss will worsen due to increased Rayleigh scattering.
  • a negative dopant may be added to the first cladding layer 4 and the second cladding layer 5 so that the relative refractive index difference between the first cladding layer 4 and the second cladding layer 5 is -0.40 to -0.05% based on the average refractive index of the third cladding layer 6.
  • the negative dopant may be fluorine. If the relative refractive index difference between the first cladding layer 4 and the second cladding layer 5 is greater than -0.05%, the refractive index difference with the core becomes small, and a predetermined bending loss, for example, a bending loss of 0.1 dB/turn or less at a wavelength of 1550 nm when bending with a radius of 10 mm, cannot be obtained.
  • the relative refractive index difference between the first cladding layer 4 and the second cladding layer 5 is less than -0.40%, the negative dopant concentration in the cladding becomes high, and there is a concern that the transmission loss will worsen due to increased Rayleigh scattering.
  • the refractive index change is defined and normalized by
  • the refractive index distribution structure is obtained by preparing an optical fiber with a diameter of 125 ⁇ m, calculating the relative refractive index difference ⁇ (r) at a pitch of 0.15 ⁇ m, and plotting it.
  • d ⁇ (r)/dr can be calculated by differentiating the radial distribution ⁇ (r) of the relative refractive index difference. Furthermore, in order to focus only on the steepness of the refractive index change while ignoring the direction of change (whether it is an increase or decrease), the absolute value of d ⁇ (r)/dr,
  • in the (0 to r1) radius region may be 0.1%/ ⁇ m or less. Since a lot of light passes through the inner core, it is possible to reduce the structural imperfection loss in the optical fiber 1 by preventing such a sudden change in refractive index, that is, by suppressing large changes in the glass composition. In order to reduce
  • the pulling speed may be slowed down to promote the diffusion of central Ge into the cladding, thereby reducing
  • the chlorine concentration in the atmosphere during dehydration may be increased to reduce
  • in the (r1-r3) radius region may be 0.15%/ ⁇ m or less. This suppresses abrupt changes in the refractive index in the optical fiber 1, and reduces structural imperfection losses. If
  • fluorine may be doped in the dehydration process. By doping with fluorine when the density of the porous base material is low, abrupt changes in doping from the center to the outside are suppressed, and this may reduce
  • in the (r3-r4) radius region may be 0.1%/ ⁇ m or less. Since light also seeps through and passes through this radius region near the third cladding, it is possible to further reduce structural imperfection loss in the optical fiber 1 by preventing abrupt changes in refractive index.
  • a process of removing fluorine from the surface of the porous glass base material may be inserted between the dehydration process and the vitrification process.
  • the relative refractive index difference ⁇ of each layer has the relationship ⁇ 1max> ⁇ 2> ⁇ 3> ⁇ 5> ⁇ 4min. It is preferable that the relative refractive index difference ⁇ 2 at the radial position r1 is 0.3% or less. This is because the vicinity of ⁇ 2 is the position where the light power volume is maximum, and a high Ge concentration in this area leads to an increase in Rayleigh scattering.
  • a drop in the refractive index exists in the center, but the central portion refers to the area excluding the center dip.
  • Example 1 a method for manufacturing a single-mode optical fiber according to the present invention will be described.
  • a porous glass preform consisting of a core and an intermediate layer is integrally synthesized by the VAD method.
  • the core is doped with germanium to increase the refractive index.
  • the bulk density of the glass particles (soot) can be adjusted by controlling the soot deposition temperature. The higher the bulk density, the more the amount of fluorine doping can be suppressed in the subsequent sintering process in a fluorine atmosphere.
  • the soot base material is sintered in the following procedure.
  • tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, or the like may be used instead of tetrafluorosilane gas.
  • the transparent glass core base material obtained in this way is drawn to a specified diameter on a glass lathe to make the outer diameter in the longitudinal direction uniform.
  • OH groups are incorporated into the surface of the base material due to the effect of the oxyhydrogen flame of the glass lathe, but these can be removed by immersing the transparent glass core base material in an aqueous hydrofluoric acid solution to melt the surface.
  • a plasma flame may be used as the heating source when drawing on the glass lathe. In that case, since OH groups are not mixed into the surface of the core base material, the treatment with hydrofluoric acid can be omitted.
  • the transparent core preform thus produced is used as a target, and a cladding layer is added by the OVD method to obtain a porous preform.
  • the resulting porous preform is then sintered and turned into transparent glass to produce an optical fiber preform.
  • the resulting optical fiber preform is heated to approximately 2100°C and spun to obtain an optical fiber with a diameter of 125 ⁇ m. 100 optical fibers of 60 km each were obtained. The diameter may be 125 ⁇ m or less. By reducing the diameter, the density of the fibers in the cable can be increased, and the energy density can be increased.
  • Example 2 a porous glass preform consisting of a core and an intermediate layer was synthesized by the VAD method.
  • the core was doped with germanium to increase the refractive index.
  • This porous glass preform was heated to about 1200°C in a mixed gas flow atmosphere consisting of 1.5 liters of chlorine gas per minute, 0.3 liters of tetrafluorosilane gas per minute, and 20 liters of Ar gas per minute, and the porous glass preform was pulled down at 10 mm/min to perform dehydration and fluorine doping. Then, 20 liters of He was flowed per minute. Next, it was heated to about 1500°C to form a solid transparent glass core preform.
  • tetrafluorosilane gas may be replaced by tetrafluoromethane or hexafluoroethane.
  • the porous preform obtained by adding a third cladding layer by the OVD method was sintered and transparently vitrified to produce an optical fiber preform.
  • the preform was spun to obtain 100 optical fibers each having a diameter of 125 ⁇ m and a length of 60 km.
  • a porous glass preform consisting of a core and an intermediate layer was synthesized by the VAD method.
  • the core was doped with germanium to increase the refractive index.
  • the porous glass preform was heated to about 1200°C in a mixed gas flow atmosphere consisting of 3 liters of chlorine gas per minute, 0.3 liters of tetrafluorosilane gas per minute, and 20 liters of Ar gas per minute, and the porous glass preform was pulled down at 10 mm/min to perform dehydration and fluorine doping. After that, a process of heating the porous glass preform at 1300°C for 1 hour was added as a process of removing fluorine from the surface.
  • the porous glass preform was heated to about 1500°C to form a solid transparent glass core preform.
  • tetrafluorosilane gas may be replaced by tetrafluoromethane or hexafluoroethane.
  • the porous preform obtained by adding a third cladding layer by the OVD method was sintered and transparently vitrified to produce an optical fiber preform. The preform was spun to obtain 100 optical fibers each having a diameter of 125 ⁇ m and a length of 60 km.
  • a porous glass preform consisting of a core and an intermediate layer was synthesized by the VAD method.
  • the core was doped with germanium to increase the refractive index.
  • the porous glass preform was heated to about 1200°C in a mixed gas flow atmosphere consisting of 0.5 liters of chlorine gas per minute, 0.3 liters of tetrafluorosilane gas per minute, and 20 liters of Ar gas per minute, and the porous glass preform was pulled down at 10 mm/min to perform dehydration and fluorine doping. Then, 20 liters of helium gas was flowed, and the porous preform was heated to about 1500°C to form a solid transparent glass core preform.
  • the porous preform obtained by adding a third cladding layer by the OVD method was sintered and transparently vitrified to produce an optical fiber preform.
  • the preform was spun to obtain 100 optical fibers having a diameter of 125 ⁇ m and a length of 60 km.
  • Table 1 shows various parameters of the optical fibers obtained by Examples 1, 2, 3, and Comparative Example. For each of the 100 pieces of 60 km optical fibers obtained, the various parameters shown in Table 1 were measured. The average values of ⁇ cc, ⁇ 0, and MFD were calculated. The transmission loss and bending loss were calculated as the percentage of those less than 0.1845 dB/km and 0.1 dB/Turn or less, respectively.
  • Example 1 the rate at which the transmission loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm was less than 0.1845 dB/km was 54%. This is because the refractive index is maximum at the center and decreases continuously and gently from the center to the outside, and the refractive index of the second cladding layer increases continuously and gently from radial position r3 to radial position r4, which sufficiently reduced structural imperfections. Meanwhile, the rate at which the bending loss at a radius of 10 mm (R10 x 1 turn) was 0.1 dB/turn or less was 99%. This is in accordance with the ITU-T G.657.A2 recommendation.
  • the average zero dispersion wavelength ⁇ 0 is 1300 nm, which is in the range of 1300 to 1324 nm.
  • the average mode field diameter at 1310 nm is 8.92 ⁇ m, which is in the range of 8.8 to 9.6 ⁇ m.
  • the average cutoff wavelength ⁇ cc measured with a fiber length of 22 m was 1244 nm, which was less than 1260 nm. Each of these characteristics is in accordance with the ITU-T G. 652.D recommendation.
  • Example 2 the rate of transmission loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm being less than 0.1845 dB/km was 78%. This is because increasing the chlorine concentration during dehydration promotes the diffusion of Ge into the first cladding, reducing
  • the average zero dispersion wavelength ⁇ 0 is 1302 nm, which is in the range of 1300 to 1324 nm.
  • the average mode field diameter at 1310 nm is 8.85 ⁇ m, which is in the range of 8.8 to 9.6 ⁇ m.
  • the average cutoff wavelength ⁇ cc measured with a fiber length of 22 m was 1239 nm, which was less than 1260 nm. Each of these characteristics is in accordance with the ITU-T G. 652.D recommendation.
  • Example 3 the rate of transmission loss at a wavelength of 1550 nm being less than 0.1845 dB/km was 99%. This is because the chlorine concentration during dehydration was further increased from that in Example 2, which promoted the diffusion of Ge into the first cladding, thereby reducing
  • the average zero dispersion wavelength ⁇ 0 is 1310 nm, which is in the range of 1300 to 1324 nm.
  • the average mode field diameter at 1310 nm is 9.17 ⁇ m, which is in the range of 8.8 to 9.6 ⁇ m.
  • the average cutoff wavelength ⁇ cc measured with a fiber length of 22 m was 1241 nm, which was less than 1260 nm.
  • the percentage of fibers with a transmission loss of less than 0.1845 dB/km at a wavelength of 1550 nm was 1%.
  • the percentage of fibers with a bending loss of 0.1 dB/turn or less at a radius of 10 mm (R10 x 1 turn) was 5%.
  • a single mode optical fiber has the characteristic that signal light propagates through the core of the optical fiber, and the signal can be transmitted even when the optical fiber is slightly bent.
  • the bending radius becomes smaller, the proportion of light that cannot propagate and leaks out of the core increases exponentially, which appears as an increase in transmission loss. This is the bending loss mentioned above.
  • optical fibers may be used in a bent state with a curvature radius of 15 mm or less to about 10 mm, but there is a demand for optical fibers with even lower loss.
  • the MFD of optical fibers conforming to the ITU-T G.652.D standard which is commonly used in long-distance optical communications, is approximately 8.8 to 9.6 ⁇ m, so when connecting an optical fiber with reduced bending loss as described above to an optical fiber conforming to the above standard, there is a problem that the connection loss becomes large due to the difference in MFD.
  • a trench-type optical fiber was used to reduce bending loss while designing a large MFD. This is a well-known technology that has been around for a long time, but in recent years, its excellent bending loss characteristics have attracted attention.
  • the inclination of a portion of the cladding of the trench was specified in order to reduce structural imperfection loss, but this did not sufficiently reduce structural imperfection loss.
  • the optical fiber 1 is configured to provide an optical fiber having a refractive index profile with few structural irregularities, in which at least the refractive indexes of the inner core 2, outer core 3, and first cladding layer 4 are maximum at the center of the inner core 2 and gradually decrease from the center toward the outside, and the refractive index of the second cladding layer 5 gradually increases from the radial position r3 toward the radial position r4.
  • the optical fiber 1 having such a configuration has transmission characteristics such as cutoff wavelength, mode field diameter, and zero dispersion wavelength equivalent to those of a single mode optical fiber, while reducing the transmission loss due to bending and reducing the transmission loss at each wavelength.
  • the optical fiber 1 reduces

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Manufacture, Treatment Of Glass Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une fibre optique comprenant une âme interne ayant un rayon r1 au niveau d'une partie centrale, une âme externe ayant un rayon r2, une première couche de gainage ayant un rayon le plus à l'extérieur r3 qui est adjacente à l'âme externe à une position radiale r2 et recouvre la périphérie externe de l'âme externe, une deuxième couche de gainage ayant un rayon le plus à l'extérieur r4 qui est adjacente à la première couche de gainage à une position radiale r3 et recouvre la périphérie externe de la première couche de gainage, et une troisième couche de gainage qui est adjacente à la deuxième couche de gainage à une position radiale r4 et recouvre la périphérie externe de la deuxième couche de gainage. L'indice de réfraction de l'âme interne, de l'âme externe et de la première couche de gainage prend une valeur maximale au niveau de la partie centrale et diminue en continu et sans à-coups de la partie centrale au côté externe. L'indice de réfraction de la deuxième couche de gainage augmente en continu et sans à-coups de la position radiale r3 à la position radiale r4.
PCT/JP2024/004733 2023-02-15 2024-02-13 Fibre optique Ceased WO2024172006A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20190162896A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-05-30 Corning Incorporated Low bend loss optical fiber with graded index core
JP2019530005A (ja) * 2016-09-21 2019-10-17 コーニング インコーポレイテッド 変化するクラッド屈折率を有する光ファイバ、およびそれを形成する方法
JP2021176008A (ja) * 2020-04-23 2021-11-04 信越化学工業株式会社 光ファイバ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019530005A (ja) * 2016-09-21 2019-10-17 コーニング インコーポレイテッド 変化するクラッド屈折率を有する光ファイバ、およびそれを形成する方法
US20190162896A1 (en) * 2017-11-30 2019-05-30 Corning Incorporated Low bend loss optical fiber with graded index core
JP2021176008A (ja) * 2020-04-23 2021-11-04 信越化学工業株式会社 光ファイバ

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