WO2024181694A1 - 전기화학소자용 분리막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 - Google Patents
전기화학소자용 분리막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024181694A1 WO2024181694A1 PCT/KR2024/001437 KR2024001437W WO2024181694A1 WO 2024181694 A1 WO2024181694 A1 WO 2024181694A1 KR 2024001437 W KR2024001437 W KR 2024001437W WO 2024181694 A1 WO2024181694 A1 WO 2024181694A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator for an electrochemical device, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electrochemical device including the same.
- Electrochemical devices convert chemical energy into electrical energy using electrochemical reactions.
- lithium secondary batteries have been widely used due to their high energy density and voltage, long cycle life, and wide range of applications.
- a lithium secondary battery may include an electrode assembly manufactured with a cathode, an anode, and a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode, and the electrode assembly may be manufactured by being housed in a case together with an electrolyte.
- the separator may include a porous coating layer including a polymer binder and inorganic particles on at least one surface of a porous substrate.
- the inorganic particles may be connected to other inorganic particles by the polymer binder to form an interstitial volume, and lithium ions may pass through the interstitial volume to move.
- the polymer binder may provide adhesiveness to the porous coating layer, and the porous coating layer may be adhered to the porous substrate and the electrode, respectively.
- a porous coating layer including a polymer binder and inorganic particles can prevent heat shrinkage of a porous polymer substrate, and a separator including the porous coating layer exhibits excellent dimensional stability in a dry state without an electrolyte.
- the adhesive strength of the polymer binder may decrease when the polymer binder swells due to the electrolyte, or when the separator is exposed to a temperature of about 130° C. or higher depending on the operation of a lithium secondary battery including the separator. In such a high-temperature wet state, the adhesive strength of the porous coating layer decreases, causing the separator to shrink significantly.
- a cylindrical battery in which an electrode assembly is wound and inserted into a case while tension is applied to the electrode assembly requires relatively less adhesive strength between the electrode and the separator than a pouch-type battery, and therefore, there was a problem in that the dimensional stability in a wet state was lowered further due to a small content of polymer binder.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a separator for an electrochemical device having a reduced dimensional change rate in a high-temperature wet state, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electrochemical device including the separator for an electrochemical device.
- One aspect of the present invention provides a separator for an electrochemical device, comprising: a porous polymer substrate; a porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate and including a polymer binder and inorganic particles; and a dopamine coating layer formed on the porous coating layer and including polydopamine and dextrin.
- the porous coating layer may have a content of the polymer binder of 5 wt% or less based on the total weight of the porous coating layer.
- the above separation membrane may contain the polydopamine and the dextrin in a weight ratio of 1:500 to 1:1000.
- the above polymer binder includes an acrylic binder, and at least a portion of the acrylic binder can be cross-linked with the polydopamine.
- the above polymer binder may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butylacrylate, isobutylacrylate, ethylhexylacrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber.
- the thickness of the above porous coating layer may be greater than the thickness of the above dopamine coating layer.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides an electrochemical device including an anode, a cathode, and a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the separator is a separator for another electrochemical device on the one side.
- the above electrochemical device may be a lithium secondary battery.
- the above electrochemical device may further include an electrolyte containing EC/EMC in a weight ratio of 3/7.
- Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a separator for an electrochemical device, comprising the steps of: immersing a preliminary separator including a porous polymer substrate, and a porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate, the preliminary separator including a polymer binder and inorganic particles, in a solution including dopamine and dextrin for 1 to 50 hours; and controlling the amount of dissolved oxygen in the solution to form a dopamine coating layer including polydopamine and the dextrin on at least one surface of the porous coating layer.
- the polymer binder includes an acrylic binder
- the method may further include a step of exposing the separator to 60 to 90°C to thermally crosslink the polymer binder and the polydopamine.
- the separator for an electrochemical device according to the present invention can provide improved dimensional stability in a wet state immersed in an electrolyte. Specifically, the separator exhibits a TD direction thermal shrinkage of 5% or less under high temperature conditions of 130°C or higher, thereby preventing electrode exposure due to thermal shrinkage of the separator.
- the terms “about” and “substantially” are used to mean a range of or approximation to a numerical value or degree, taking into account inherent manufacturing and material tolerances, and are used to prevent infringers from unfairly utilizing the disclosure, which mentions exact or absolute numbers provided to aid understanding of the present invention.
- electrochemical device may refer to a primary battery, a secondary battery, a super capacitor, etc.
- wet state may mean a state in which the separator is impregnated with at least a portion of the electrolyte.
- One specific example of the present invention provides a separator for an electrochemical device, comprising: a porous polymer substrate; a porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate and including a polymer binder and inorganic particles; and a dopamine coating layer formed on the porous coating layer and including polydopamine and dextrin.
- the porous polymer substrate may be a porous membrane having a plurality of pores formed therein, which electrically insulates the positive and negative electrodes to prevent short circuits.
- the porous polymer substrate may be an ion-conductive barrier that blocks electrical contact between the positive and negative electrodes while allowing lithium ions to pass through. At least a portion of the pores may form a three-dimensional network that connects the surface and the interior of the porous polymer substrate, and a fluid may pass through the porous polymer substrate through the pores.
- the porous polymer substrate can use a material that is physically and chemically stable with respect to the organic solvent, which is an electrolyte.
- the porous polymer substrate can include, but is not limited to, a resin such as a polyolefin-based resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polycycloolefin, polyethersulfone, polyamide, polyimide, polyimideamide, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, and a copolymer or mixture thereof.
- a polyolefin-based resin can be used.
- the polyolefin-based resin can be processed into a relatively thin thickness and is easy to apply a coating slurry, so it is suitable for the manufacture of an electrochemical device having a higher energy density.
- the porous polymer substrate may have a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the porous polymer substrate may include two or more polymer resin layers having different melting points (Tm), thereby providing a shutdown function in the event of a high-temperature runaway of the battery.
- the porous polymer substrate may include a polypropylene layer having a relatively high melting point and a polyethylene layer having a relatively low melting point.
- the porous polymer substrate may have a three-layer structure in which polypropylene, polyethylene, and polypropylene are laminated in that order. The polyethylene layer melts as the temperature of the battery rises above a predetermined temperature, thereby shutting down the pores, thereby preventing a thermal runaway of the battery.
- the thickness of the porous polymer substrate may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. Specifically, the thickness of the porous polymer substrate may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 90 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m or more and 80 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less, or 40 ⁇ m or more and 60 ⁇ m or less. Preferably, the thickness of the polymer substrate may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, the thickness of the polymer substrate may be 5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, or 8 ⁇ m or more and 13 ⁇ m or less.
- the above porous polymer substrate may include pores having an average diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the size of the pores included in the porous polymer substrate may be 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.09 ⁇ m or less, 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.08 ⁇ m or less, 0.03 ⁇ m or more and 0.07 ⁇ m or less, or 0.04 ⁇ m or more and 0.06 ⁇ m or less.
- the size of the pores may be 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.06 ⁇ m or less.
- the above porous polymer substrate can have a permeability of 10 s/100cc or more and 100 s/100cc or less.
- the permeability of the porous polymer substrate can be 10 s/100cc or more and 90 s/100cc or less, 20 s/100cc or more and 80 s/100cc or less, 30 s/100cc or more and 70 s/100cc or less, or 40 s/100cc or more and 60 s/100 cc or less.
- the permeability of the porous polymer substrate can be 50 s/100cc or more and 70 s/100cc or less.
- the above air permeability means the time (seconds) it takes for 100cc of air to pass through a porous polymer substrate or membrane of a predetermined area under a constant pressure.
- the above air permeability can be measured using a gas permeability tester (Gurley densometer) according to ASTM D 726-58, ASTM D726-94 or JIS-P8117.
- a gas permeability tester Gibley densometer
- the time it takes for 100cc of air to pass through a 1 square inch (or 6.54 cm 2 ) sample under a pressure of 0.304 kPa of air or a pressure of 1.215 kN/m 2 of water can be measured.
- an EG01-55-1MR device from Asahi seico, the time it takes for 100cc of air to pass through a 1 square inch sample under a constant pressure of 4.8 inches of water at room temperature can be measured.
- the above porous polymer substrate may have a porosity of 10 vol% or more and 60 vol% or less.
- the porosity of the porous polymer substrate may be 15 vol% or more and 55 vol% or less, 20 vol% or more and 50 vol% or less, 25 vol% or more and 45 vol% or less, or 30 vol% or more and 40 vol% or less.
- the porosity of the porous polymer substrate may be 30 vol% or more and 50 vol% or less.
- the above porosity refers to the volume ratio of pores to the total volume of the porous polymer substrate.
- the above porosity can be measured by a method known in the art. For example, it can be measured by the BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller) measurement method using nitrogen gas adsorption, the capillary flow porosimetry method, and the water or mercury intrusion method.
- BET Brunauer Emmett Teller
- the porous coating layer is formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate and may include a polymer binder and inorganic particles.
- the dopamine coating layer is formed on the porous coating layer and may include polydopamine and dextrin.
- the above separator may be formed by sequentially coating at least one surface of a porous polymer substrate with a coating slurry containing a polymer binder, inorganic particles, and a dispersion medium, and a solution containing dopamine and dextrin.
- the separator may be manufactured by applying and drying the coating slurry on at least one surface of a porous polymer substrate to manufacture a preliminary separator having a porous coating layer formed thereon, and immersing the preliminary separator in the solution and drying it to form a dopamine coating layer.
- the porous coating layer includes an interstitial volume in which inorganic particles are connected by a polymer binder, and allows lithium ions to pass therethrough while being adhered to the porous polymer substrate to prevent thermal shrinkage of the porous polymer substrate.
- the polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer may be formed by polymerizing dopamine included in the solution.
- the dopamine coating layer also has a porous structure composed of polydopamine and dextrin, and can allow lithium ions to pass therethrough.
- the above coating slurry can dissolve or disperse at least a portion of the polymer binder, including a dispersion medium, and disperse the inorganic particles.
- the coating slurry can be used such that the polymer binder and the inorganic particles are uniformly dispersed by controlling the type and content of the dispersion medium.
- the dispersion medium can be one selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), acetonitrile, and combinations thereof.
- the dispersion medium can be a mixture of water and isopropyl alcohol, or water.
- the above coating slurry may further contain additives such as a dispersant, a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, and a flame retardant to improve dispersibility and flame retardancy and to improve the uniformity of the porous coating layer formed.
- the dispersant may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, an oil-soluble polyamine, an oil-soluble amine compound, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, sorbitan fatty acid ester, tannic acid, and pyrogallic acid.
- the additive may be included in an amount of 0 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less based on the total weight of the coating slurry.
- the content of the additive may be included in an amount of 0.01 wt% or more and 4 wt% or less, 0.1 wt% or more and 3 wt% or less, or 1 wt% or more and 2 wt% or less.
- the content of the additive may be 1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less.
- the dispersion medium included in the above coating slurry may be removed by drying or heating after the formation of the porous coating layer.
- the porous coating layer may include the dispersion medium at 5 ppm or less.
- the porous coating layer may be composed of a polymer binder and inorganic particles.
- a plurality of pores may be formed on the surface and inside of the porous coating layer.
- the pores may include an interstitial volume formed between the inorganic particles, and may have a structure through which a fluid may pass by forming a three-dimensional network.
- the above solution may be a basic buffer solution containing a mixture of dopamine and dextrin.
- the dopamine may undergo a cyclization reaction through an oxidation process without an initiator, and then form polydopamine through a polymerization reaction.
- the pH of the above solution may be 7 or more and 12 or less. Specifically, the pH of the above solution may be 7.5 or more and 11.5 or less, 8 or more and 11 or less, 8.5 or more and 10.5 or less, or 9 or more and 10 or less. Preferably, the pH of the above solution may be 7.5 or more and 8.5 or less.
- the sum of the thickness of the porous coating layer and the thickness of the dopamine coating layer may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the sum of the thickness of the porous coating layer and the thickness of the dopamine coating layer may be 2 ⁇ m or more and 14 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or more and 13 ⁇ m or less, 4 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less, 5 ⁇ m or more and 11 ⁇ m or less, 6 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, or 7 ⁇ m or more and 9 ⁇ m or less.
- the sum of the thickness of the porous coating layer and the thickness of the dopamine coating layer may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer may be greater than the thickness of the dopamine coating layer.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 14 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer may be 1 ⁇ m or more and 13 ⁇ m or less, 2 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less, 3 ⁇ m or more and 11 ⁇ m or less, 4 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, 5 ⁇ m or more and 9 ⁇ m or less, or 6 ⁇ m or more and 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the porous coating layer may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the dopamine coating layer may be 0.001 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less. Specifically, the thickness of the dopamine coating layer may be 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 4 ⁇ m or less, 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less, or 1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less. Preferably, the thickness of the dopamine coating layer may be 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the above porous coating layer may include a polymer binder and inorganic particles.
- the polymer binder may bind the inorganic particles included in the porous coating layer and provide adhesiveness to the porous coating layer.
- the polymer binder may be spherical or elliptical, but may also mean other shapes except for an irregular shape.
- the polymer binder may be an acrylic binder.
- the polymer binder may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butylacrylate, isobutylacrylate, ethylhexylacrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene rubber.
- the polymer binder is an acrylic binder
- at least a portion of the acrylic binder can be cross-linked with polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer.
- the acrylic binder can be cross-linked with polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer through a condensation reaction.
- the acrylic binder is capable of cross-linking with polydopamine more than a fluorine-based binder, thereby forming and maintaining a bond between the porous coating layer and the dopamine coating layer, thereby reducing thermal shrinkage of the separator even when the separator is in a wet state.
- the porous coating layer may have a content of the polymer binder of 5 wt% or less based on the total weight of the porous coating layer.
- the content of the polymer binder may be 0.1 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less, 0.5 wt% or more and 4.5 wt% or less, 1 wt% or more and 4 wt% or less, 1.5 wt% or more and 3.5 wt% or less, or 2 wt% or more and 3 wt% or less based on the total weight of the porous coating layer.
- the content of the polymer binder may be 3 wt% or more and 5 wt% or less.
- the wet state thermal shrinkage of the separator can be improved through binding of inorganic particles, stable adhesion to the porous polymer substrate, and crosslinking with polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the above polymer binder may be 1,000 or more and 10,000,000 or less. Specifically, the weight average molecular weight of the above polymer binder may be 1,000 or more and 10,000,000 or less, 10,000 or more and 9,000,000 or less, 100,000 or more and 8,000,000 or less, 200,000 or more and 7,000,000 or less, 300,000 or more and 6,000,000 or less, 500,000 or more and 5,000,000 or less, 1,000,000 or more and 4,000,000 or less, or 2,000,000 or more and 3,000,000 or less.
- the above weight average molecular weight can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC: gel permeation chromatography, PL GPC220, Agilent Technologies).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the weight average molecular weight can be measured using an Agilent High Temperature RI detector under the conditions of a PL Olexis (Polymer Laboratories) column (column temperature: 160°C), TCB (Trichlorobenzene) as a solvent, a sample concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and an injection volume of 200 ⁇ l (standard: Polystyrene).
- the porous coating layer may contain the polymer binder and the inorganic particles in a weight ratio of 5:80 to 5:95. Specifically, the weight ratio of the polymer binder and the inorganic particles in the porous coating layer may be 5:80 to 5:95 or 5:85 to 5:90.
- the above inorganic particles may be electrochemically stable.
- the inorganic particles are not particularly limited as long as they do not undergo oxidation and/or reduction reactions within the operating voltage range of the electrochemical device (e.g., 0 to 5 V based on Li/Li + ).
- the inorganic particles can contribute to increasing the degree of dissociation of an electrolyte salt, such as a lithium salt, in a liquid electrolyte, thereby improving the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte.
- the inorganic particles include high-dielectric constant inorganic particles having a dielectric constant of 5 or more, preferably 10 or more.
- Non-limiting examples of inorganic particles having a dielectric constant greater than 5 include BaTiO 3 , Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 (PZT), b 1-x La x Zr 1-y Ti y O 3 (PLZT, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT), hafnia (HfO 2 ), SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , Al(OH) 3 , SiC, AlOOH, TiO 2 or mixtures thereof.
- inorganic particles having lithium ion transfer capability i.e., inorganic particles containing lithium elements but having the function of transferring lithium ions without storing lithium
- inorganic particles having lithium ion transport capability include lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 ), lithium titanium phosphate (Li x Ti y (PO 4 ) 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3), lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (Li x Al y Ti z (PO 4 ) 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 3), (LiAlTiP) x O y series glasses ( 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 13 ) , lithium lanthanum titanate (Li x La y TiO 3 , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3),
- lithium germanium thiophosphate Li x Ge y P z S w , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 5
- lithium nitride such as Li 3 N (Li x N y , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2)
- SiS 2 series glasses such as Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 (Li x Si y S z , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 4)
- P 2 S 5 series glasses such as LiI-Li 2 SP 2 S 5 (Li x P y S z , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 3, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 7), or mixtures thereof.
- inorganic particles having flame retardancy can be used which can impart flame retardant properties to the separator or prevent a rapid increase in temperature inside the electrochemical device.
- inorganic particles having flame retardancy include Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb2O 5 , SrTiO 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, Mg(OH) 2 , NiO, CaO, ZnO, Zn 2 SnO 4 , ZnSnO 3 , ZnSn(OH) 6 , ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , AlOOH, Al(OH) 3 , SiC, TiO 2 , H 3 BO 3 , HBO 2 and mixtures thereof.
- the average particle diameter (D50) of the above-mentioned inorganic particles may be 50 nm or more and 5,000 nm or less. Specifically, the average particle diameter (D50) of the above-mentioned inorganic particles may be 100 nm or more and 4,500 nm or less, 200 nm or more and 4,000 nm or less, 300 nm or more and 3,000 nm or less, 400 nm or more and 2,000 nm or less, or 500 nm or more and 1,000 nm or less. If the average particle diameter of the inorganic particles is less than 50 nm, as the specific surface area increases, an additional polymer binder is required for bonding between the inorganic particles, which is disadvantageous in terms of electrical resistance. If the average particle diameter of the inorganic particles exceeds 5,000 nm, the uniformity of the surface of the coating layer decreases and damage to the porous polymer substrate or electrode may occur during lamination.
- the aspect ratio of the above-mentioned inorganic particles may be 1 or more and 2 or less. Specifically, the aspect ratio of the above-mentioned inorganic particles may be 1.1 or more and 1.9 or less, 1.2 or more and 1.8 or less, 1.3 or more and 1.7 or less, or 1.4 or more and 1.6 or less.
- the BET specific surface area of the above-mentioned inorganic particles may be 5 m 2 /g or more and 25 m 2 /g or less. Specifically, the BET specific surface area of the above-mentioned inorganic particles may be 6 m 2 /g or more and 24 m 2 /g or less, 7 m 2 /g or more and 23 m 2 /g or less, 8 m 2 /g or more and 22 m 2 /g or less, 9 m 2 /g or more and 21 m 2 /g or less, 10 m 2 /g or more and 20 m 2 /g or less, 11 m 2 /g or more and 19 m 2 /g or less, 12 m 2 /g or more and 18 m 2 /g or less, 13 m 2 /g or more and 17 m 2 /g or less, or 14 m 2 /g or more and 26 m 2 /g or less.
- the above polydopamine can act as a heat shrinkage inhibitor for the dopamine coating layer and the porous coating layer, and at the same time provide inherent adhesiveness to impart adhesiveness to the dopamine coating layer. At least a portion of the polydopamine forms a cross-linking bond with the polymer binder described above through an amine group, thereby preventing detachment of inorganic particles included in the porous coating layer, and maintaining the bond between the porous coating layer and the dopamine coating layer, thereby reducing heat shrinkage of the porous polymer substrate even in a wet state.
- the decomposition temperature (T d ) of the above polydopamine may be 280 to 320°C. Specifically, the decomposition temperature of the above polydopamine may be 290°C or higher and 310°C or lower.
- the decomposition temperature of the above polydopamine can be analyzed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). When the decomposition temperature of the above polydopamine satisfies the above numerical range, the dimensional stability of the wet-state separator under high temperature conditions is improved while preventing the desorption of inorganic particles included in the porous coating layer, thereby preventing thermal shrinkage of the separator without inhibiting the transfer of lithium ions.
- the molecular weight of the above polydopamine may be 10,000 to 1,000,000. Specifically, the molecular weight of the above polydopamine may be 100,000 to 900,000, 200,000 to 800,000, 300,000 to 700,000, or 400,000 to 600,000. Preferably, the molecular weight of the above polydopamine may be 20,000 to 500,000. When the molecular weight of the above polydopamine satisfies the above numerical range, the thermal shrinkage rate of the membrane in a high-temperature wet state can be reduced.
- the loading amount of polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer may be 0.0001 g/m 2 or more and 0.01 g/m 2 or less. Specifically, the loading amount of the polydopamine may be 0.0005 g/m 2 or more and 0.009 g/m 2 or less, 0.001 g/m 2 or more and 0.008 g/m 2 or less, 0.002 g/m 2 or more and 0.007 g/m 2 or less, 0.003 g/m 2 or more and 0.006 g/m 2 or less, or 0.004 g/m 2 or more and 0.005 g/m 2 or less.
- the loading amount of the polydopamine may be 0.0005 g/m 2 or more and 0.002 g/m 2 or less.
- the thermal shrinkage of the wet-state membrane under high temperature conditions can be reduced.
- polydopamine when the preliminary separation membrane is immersed in a dopamine solution, polydopamine may also be included in the porous coating layer.
- the loading amount of polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer may be greater than the loading amount of polydopamine included in the porous coating layer.
- the loading amount of polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer may be 0.0005 g/m 2 or more and 0.01 g/m 2 or less.
- the loading amount of polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer may be 0.001 g/m 2 or more and 0.009 g/m 2 or less, 0.002 g/m 2 or more and 0.008 g/m 2 or less, 0.003 g/m 2 or more and 0.007 g/m 2 or less, or 0.004 g/m 2 or more and 0.006 g/m 2 or less.
- the loading amount of polydopamine included in the porous coating layer may be 0.0001 g/m 2 or more and 0.005 g/m 2 or less.
- the loading amount of polydopamine included in the porous coating layer may be 0.0001 g/m 2 or more and 0.004 g/m 2 or less or 0.001 g/m 2 or more and 0.003 g/m 2 or less.
- the dextrin above can provide durability to the dopamine coating layer, thereby improving dimensional stability of a separator including the dopamine coating layer.
- the dopamine coating layer including the dextrin can maintain dimensional stability even when an external force is applied that occurs when an electrode that is adhered to or adjacent to the separator shrinks or expands.
- the dextrin can improve the dispersibility of polydopamine, thereby forming a dopamine coating layer in which the polydopamine is uniformly dispersed.
- the dextrin can maintain a uniformly dispersed state of dopamine even when the dopamine is not completely dissolved in a solution including the dopamine.
- the dextrin may be cyclodextrin, and for example, may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- the above-mentioned separator may contain the polydopamine and the dextrin in a weight ratio of 1:500 to 1:1000. Specifically, the separator may contain the polydopamine and the dextrin in a weight ratio of 1:600 to 1:900, or 1:700 to 1:800.
- the effect of reducing the high-temperature wet state thermal shrinkage of the separator due to the polydopamine can be achieved through uniform dispersion of the polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer.
- the separator of the present invention can be said to be in a high-temperature wet state when immersed in an electrolyte at a high temperature of 135°C or higher.
- the heat shrinkage can be evaluated as reduced.
- the adhesive strength of the porous polymer substrate and the porous coating layer of the separator can be evaluated by the peel strength when the separator is fixed to a slide glass or the like and then the surface is peeled off at 300 mm/min in a direction 180° to the bonding direction with a UTM.
- the porous coating layer and the dopamine coating layer can be evaluated as being stably bonded to the porous polymer substrate. If polydopamine is included in an amount exceeding the above-described range, polydopamine may aggregate during the formation of the dopamine coating layer, and the effect of reducing the high-temperature heat shrinkage of the separator may not be secured, and the stability of the separator may be reduced. If dextrin is included in an amount exceeding the above-described range, the peeling strength between the separator substrate and the porous coating layer may increase due to the inherent adhesive force of dextrin, but the effect of reducing the high-temperature heat shrinkage of the separator may not be secured.
- the above-described separator for an electrochemical device may have a breathability of 20 s/100cc or more and 90 s/100cc or less.
- the air permeability of the separator may be 25 s/100cc or more and 85 s/100cc or less, 30 s/100cc or more and 80 s/100cc or less, 35 s/100cc or more and 75 s/100cc or less, 40 s/100cc or more and 70 s/100cc or less, 45 s/100cc or more and 65 s/100cc or less, or 50 s/100cc or more and 55 s/100cc or less.
- the air permeability of the separator may be 80 s/100cc or more and 90 s/100cc or less.
- the output, stability, and cycle characteristics of the electrochemical device can be secured.
- the cell When a cell is manufactured using the above-described electrochemical device separator, the cell may have an electrical resistance of 0.5 Ohm or more and 1.5 Ohm or less. Specifically, the electrical resistance of the cell may be 0.6 Ohm or more and 1.4 Ohm or less, 0.7 Ohm or more and 1.3 Ohm or less, 0.8 Ohm or more and 1.2 Ohm or less, or 0.9 Ohm or more and 1.1 Ohm or less. Preferably, the electrical resistance of the cell may be 0.6 Ohm or more and 0.8 Ohm or less.
- Another specific example of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a separator for an electrochemical device, including the steps of: immersing a preliminary separator including a porous polymer substrate, and a porous coating layer formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate, the preliminary separator including a polymer binder and inorganic particles, in a solution including dopamine and dextrin for 1 to 50 hours, and controlling the amount of dissolved oxygen in the solution to form a dopamine coating layer including polydopamine and the dextrin on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- Any content overlapping with that described in the separator for an electrochemical device will be replaced with the description of the preceding specific example.
- the step of immersing the preliminary separator in the solution may further include a step of manufacturing a preliminary separator by coating a coating slurry containing a polymer binder and inorganic particles on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- the preliminary separator has a porous coating layer containing a polymer binder and inorganic particles formed on at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate.
- the coating may be formed by a method such as a bar coater, a wire bar coater, a roll coater, a spray coater, a spin coater, an inkjet coater, a screen coater, a reverse coater, a gravure coater, a knife coater, a slot die coater, a hot melt coater, a comma coater, a direct metering coater, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
- the step of forming the porous coating layer may be a step of simultaneously coating the coating slurry on both surfaces of the porous polymer substrate using a bar coater or a slot die coater.
- the step of manufacturing the above preliminary separation membrane may further include a step of treating at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate with corona discharge. After the step of treating with corona discharge, the coating slurry may be coated on the porous polymer substrate.
- the step of treating at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate with corona discharge can prevent a decrease in the bonding strength between the surface of the porous polymer substrate and the surface of the porous coating layer at a high temperature, and can prevent a decrease in the bonding strength between the surface of the polymer substrate and the surface of the porous coating layer due to an electrolyte.
- the corona discharge treatment may be treating at least one surface of the porous polymer substrate with a voltage of 0.1 kV or more and 10 kV or less in the air.
- the corona discharge treatment may be treating with a voltage of 0.2 kV or more and 9 kV or less, 0.3 kV or more and 8 kV or less, 0.4 kV or more and 7 kV or less, 0.5 kV or more and 6 kV or less, 0.6 kV or more and 5 kV or less, 0.7 kV or more and 4 kV or less, 0.8 kV or more and 3 kV or less, 0.9 kV or more and 2 kV or less, or 1.0 kV or more and 2 kV or less in the air.
- the corona discharge treatment may be treating with a voltage of 1.8 kV in the air.
- a voltage of 1.8 kV in the air.
- the step of manufacturing the above preliminary separation membrane may further include a step of removing a dispersion medium included in the coating slurry.
- the step of removing the dispersion medium is to dry or heat the porous polymer substrate coated with the coating slurry to evaporate the dispersion medium included in the coating layer.
- the step of immersing the preliminary separation membrane is to immerse the preliminary separation membrane in a solution containing dopamine and dextrin for 1 to 50 hours to coat a dopamine coating layer containing polydopamine and dextrin.
- the immersion time of the preliminary separation membrane may be 4 to 48 hours, 8 to 44 hours, or 12 to 40 hours.
- the immersion time may be 40 to 48 hours.
- the loading amount of polydopamine included in the dopamine coating layer may be adjusted within the above-described range.
- the step of forming the above dopamine coating layer may be to control the amount of dissolved oxygen in the solution while the preliminary separation membrane is immersed in the solution.
- a step of oxidizing the dopamine to form cyclic dopamine and then polymerizing it may be included.
- the degree of oxidation of the dopamine may be controlled by exposing the solution to oxygen, and for example, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the solution may be controlled by controlling the degree of opening and closing of a reaction vessel containing the solution.
- the dissolved oxygen content in the solution in which the preliminary separation membrane is immersed may be 8.0 to 12.0 ppm.
- the dissolved oxygen content of the solution may be 8.5 ppm or more and 11.5 ppm or less, 9.0 ppm or more and 11.0 ppm or less, or 9.5 ppm or more and 10.5 ppm or less.
- polymerization of polydopamine and loading within the above-described range may be achieved.
- the Winkler-Azide modification using manganese sulfate and alkaline potassium iodide sodium azide solution may be used as an analysis method for measuring the dissolved oxygen content.
- the method for manufacturing a separator according to the above specific example may further include, after the step of forming the dopamine coating layer, a step of exposing the separator to 60 to 90° C. to thermally crosslink the polymer binder and the polydopamine.
- the separator on which the dopamine coating layer is formed may be dried or heated at 60 to 90° C. for 1 to 12 hours.
- the separator may be dried or heated at 70 to 80° C. for 6 to 12 hours.
- the polymer binder may be an acrylic binder, and thermally crosslinking the acrylic binder and polydopamine included in at least one of the porous coating layer and the dopamine coating layer can improve the high-temperature wet state dimensional stability of the separator.
- an electrochemical device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the separator is a separator for the electrochemical device of the specific example described above.
- the electrochemical device can be manufactured by inserting and sealing an electrode assembly including the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode into a case or a pouch. An electrolyte can be injected before sealing the case or pouch to impregnate the electrode assembly with the electrolyte.
- the shape of the case or pouch is not limited.
- the electrochemical device can be a cylindrical, square, coin-shaped, or pouch-shaped lithium secondary battery.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be coated by applying and drying an electrode active material on at least one surface of each current collector.
- the current collector may be a material that is conductive and does not induce a chemical change in the electrochemical device.
- the positive electrode current collector may be, but is not limited to, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, stainless steel; aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.
- the negative electrode current collector may be, but is not limited to, copper, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, stainless steel; copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc.
- the current collector may be in various forms, but is not limited to, a metal plate, a film, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, etc.
- the above positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder resin on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material is a layered compound such as a lithium manganese composite oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 , LiMnO 2 , etc.), lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium manganese oxide having the chemical formula Li 1+x Mn 2-x O 4 (wherein, x is 0 to 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 , etc.; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); vanadium oxide such as LiV 3 O 8 , LiV 3 O 4 , V 2 O 5 , Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Ni-site type lithium nickel oxide represented by the chemical formula LiNi 1-x
- the above negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer including a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder resin on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode includes , as the negative electrode active material , carbon such as lithium metal oxide, non-graphitizable carbon, and graphite carbon; silicon-based materials such as LixFe2O3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), LixWO2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Si, SiOx (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2 ) , SiC, and Si alloys ; metal composite oxides such as SnxMe1- xMe'yOz ( Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, elements of group 1, 2, and 3 of the periodic table, halogens; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3;1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); lithium metal; lithium alloy; tin-based alloy; It may include one or a mixture of two or more selected from metal oxides such as
- the conductive material may be one selected from the group consisting of graphite, carbon black, carbon fibers or metal fibers, metal powder, conductive whiskers, conductive metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and polyphenylene derivatives, or a mixture of two or more conductive materials therefrom.
- the carbon nanotube has a graphite sheet having a cylinder shape with a nano-sized diameter and an sp 2 bonding structure, and exhibits the properties of a conductor or a semiconductor depending on the angle and structure at which the graphite sheet is rolled.
- Carbon nanotubes can be classified into single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) depending on the number of bonds forming the wall, and these carbon nanotubes can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose of the dispersion. More specifically, it may be one selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, artificial graphite, super-p, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, denka black, aluminum powder, nickel powder, zinc oxide, potassium titanate and titanium oxide, or a mixture of two or more conductive materials therefrom.
- SWCNTs single-walled carbon nanotubes
- DWCNTs double-walled carbon nanotubes
- MWCNTs multi-walled carbon nanotubes
- binder resin a binder resin commonly used in electrodes of electrochemical devices can be used.
- binder resins include polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride-cotrichloroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyetylexyl acrylate, polybutylacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetate, polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate, polyethylene oxide, polyarylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate.
- Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, cellulose acetatepropionate, cyanoethylpullulan, cyanoethylpolyvinylalcohol, cyanoethylcellulose, cyanoethylsucrose, pullulan, and carboxyl methyl cellulose.
- the above electrolyte is a salt having a structure such as A + B - , wherein A + contains an ion formed by an alkali metal cation such as Li + , Na + , K + or a combination thereof, and B - contains an ion formed by an anion such as PF 6 - , BF 4 - , Cl - , Br - , I - , ClO 4 - , AsF 6 - , CH 3 CO 2 - , CF 3 SO 3 - , N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 - , C(CF 2 SO 2 ) 3 - or a combination thereof, and the salt includes propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-
- the electrochemical device including the electrode assembly may be a lithium secondary battery.
- the battery may be used as a unit cell, and may be used as a battery module including the unit cell, a battery pack including the battery module, and a device including the battery pack as a power source.
- the devices may include, but are not limited to, small devices such as computers, mobile phones, and power tools, and medium to large devices such as electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) that are powered by an electric motor and move; electric two-wheeled vehicles including electric bicycles (E-bikes) and electric scooters (E-scooters); electric golf carts; and power storage systems.
- a 100 mL aqueous dispersion medium was prepared by mixing water and isopropyl alcohol in a weight ratio of 95:5 at room temperature (25°C).
- 2 g of an acrylic polymer binder (Styrene-acryl, particle size: 350 to 400 nm, T g : 40°C) and 30 g of inorganic particles (Al 2 O 3 , particle size: 400 nm) were added to the aqueous dispersion medium and stirred for 60 minutes using a shaker to prepare a coating slurry in which the polymer binder and inorganic particles were dispersed.
- the porous substrate used was a polyethylene film with a size of 20 cm ⁇ 30 cm and a thickness of 9 ⁇ m (MI: 0.2 g/10 min, T m : 135°C, porosity: 45%, average pore size: 45 nm).
- the coating slurry was double-coated on a polyethylene film using a bar coater to form a porous coating layer with a thickness of 2 ⁇ m for each coating.
- dopamine was added at a concentration of 2 mg/mL and dextrin was added at a concentration of 50 mg/mL to an alkaline buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl buffer) using a petri dish, and the amounts added were adjusted so that the final content of dopamine and dextrin was 1:000.
- the lid of the petri dish was partially opened to prepare a dopamine and dextrin solution having a dissolved oxygen content of 9 ppm and a pH of 8.
- the preliminary membrane was immersed in the solution for 48 hours and then dried at 60°C for 12 hours to prepare a membrane having a total thickness of 14 ⁇ m (thickness of the porous coating layer: 2.0 ⁇ m, thickness of the dopamine coating layer: 0.5 ⁇ m) and containing polydopamine and dextrin in a weight ratio of 1:1000.
- a membrane was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1, except that the preliminary membrane was immersed during the manufacture of the membrane and then dried at 90°C for 12 hours to manufacture a membrane having a total thickness of 14 ⁇ m (thickness of the porous coating layer: 2.3 ⁇ m, thickness of the dopamine coating layer: 0.2 ⁇ m).
- a membrane containing polydopamine and dextrin in a weight ratio of 1:500 was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1, except that dopamine was added to the solution at a concentration of 10 mg/mL and the amount added was adjusted so that the final content of dopamine and dextrin was 1:500.
- a membrane was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the preliminary membrane was immersed in a solution containing dopamine but not dextrin.
- a membrane was manufactured using the same method as in Example 1, except that the preliminary membrane was immersed in a solution containing dextrin and not dopamine during the manufacture of the membrane.
- a membrane containing polydopamine and dextrin in a weight ratio of 1:400 was manufactured using the same method as Example 1, except that dopamine and dextrin were added to the solution at a concentration of 20 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL, respectively, and the amounts added were adjusted so that the final content of dopamine and dextrin was 1:400.
- the permeability was measured using a Gurley densometer (Gurley, 4110N) to measure the time it took for 100 cc of air to pass through a membrane with a diameter of 28.6 mm and an area of 645 mm2 .
- the membranes of the examples and comparative examples were prepared in a size of 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm and each was inserted into an aluminum pouch measuring 7 cm ⁇ 10 cm. 1 g of electrolyte was injected into the pouch and the pouch was sealed.
- the electrolyte used was a solvent containing ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) mixed in a weight ratio of 3/7, and containing 3 mol of vinylene carbonate (VC), 1.5 mol of propane sultone (PS), 1 mol of ethylene sulfate (ESa), and 1 mol of lithium salt LiPF 6 as additives.
- the width of the membranes of the examples and comparative examples was sampled at 20 mm each, and a test sample was prepared by attaching it to a slide glass using a double-sided tape (3M) of 18 mm width.
- the strength of the porous coating layer peeling off was measured while peeling the slide glass from the separator at a speed of 300 mm/min in a direction 180° to the bonding direction using UTM, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Thickness ratio of porous coating layer and dopamine coating layer 4:1 11.5:1 11.5:1 11.5:1 11.5:1 11.5:1 Weight ratio of polydopamine and dextrin 1:1000 1:1000 1:500 Dextrin not included Polydopamine free 1:400 Ventilation (s/100cc) 128 125 119 108 122 114 135°C, Wet state heat shrinkage (MD(%)/TD(%)) 5 / 2 7 / 4 4 / 2 14 / 12 12 / 11 10 / 7 180° peel strength (gf/15mm) 66 65 52 38 66 47
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Abstract
Description
| 실시예 1 | 실시예 2 | 실시예 3 | 비교예 1 | 비교예 2 | 비교예 3 | |
| 다공성 코팅층과 도파민 코팅층의 두께 비율 | 4:1 | 11.5:1 | 11.5:1 | 11.5:1 | 11.5:1 | 11.5:1 |
| 폴리도파민과 덱스트린의 중량 비율 | 1:1000 | 1:1000 | 1:500 | 덱스트린 미포함 | 폴리도파민 미포함 | 1:400 |
| 통기도(s/100cc) | 128 | 125 | 119 | 108 | 122 | 114 |
| 135℃, Wet 상태 열 수축율(MD(%)/TD(%)) | 5 / 2 | 7 / 4 | 4 / 2 | 14 / 12 | 12 / 11 | 10 / 7 |
| 180° 박리강도 (gf/15mm) | 66 | 65 | 52 | 38 | 66 | 47 |
Claims (10)
- 다공성 고분자 기재;상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 적어도 일면에 형성되고, 고분자 바인더와 무기물 입자를 포함하는 다공성 코팅층; 및상기 다공성 코팅층 상에 형성되고, 폴리도파민 및 덱스트린을 포함하는 도파민 코팅층을 포함하는, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 다공성 코팅층은,상기 다공성 코팅층의 전체 중량을 기준으로 상기 고분자 바인더의 함량이 5 중량% 이하인, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 분리막은,상기 폴리도파민과 상기 덱스트린을 1:500 내지 1:1000의 중량 비율로 포함하는 것인, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 고분자 바인더는 아크릴계 바인더를 포함하며,상기 아크릴계 바인더 중 적어도 일부는 상기 폴리도파민과 가교 결합된 것인, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 고분자 바인더는 폴리아크릴산, 메틸아크릴레이트, 에틸아크릴레이트, 이소프로필아크릴레이트, n-부틸아크릴레이트, 이소부틸아크릴레이트, 에틸헥실아크릴레이트, 메틸메타크릴레이트로, 스티렌-부타디엔 고무, 니트릴-부타디엔 고무, 아크릴로니트릴-부타디엔 고무 및 아크릴로니트릴-부타디엔-스티렌 고무로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 하나 이상을 포함하는 것인, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 다공성 코팅층의 두께는 상기 도파민 코팅층의 두께보다 큰 것인, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 양극, 음극 및 상기 양극과 상기 음극 사이에 배치되는 분리막을 포함하는 전기화학소자로서,상기 분리막은 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 전기화학소자용 분리막인, 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 전기화학소자는,EC/EMC를 3/7의 중량비로 포함하는 전해액을 더 포함하는 전기화학소자용 분리막.
- 다공성 고분자 기재, 및 고분자 바인더와 무기물 입자를 포함하고, 상기 다공성 고분자 기재의 적어도 일면에 형성된 다공성 코팅층을 포함하는 예비 분리막을 도파민 및 덱스트린을 포함하는 용액에 1 내지 50 시간 동안 침지하는 단계; 및상기 용액의 용존산소량을 조절하여, 상기 다공성 코팅층의 적어도 일면에 폴리도파민 및 상기 덱스트린을 포함하는 도파민 코팅층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 전기화학소자용 분리막의 제조 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 고분자 바인더는 아크릴계 바인더를 포함하며,상기 분리막을 60 내지 90℃에 노출시켜 상기 고분자 바인더와 상기 폴리도파민을 열적 가교하는 단계를 더 포함하는 전기화학소자용 분리막의 제조 방법.
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| US18/855,599 US20250349971A1 (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2024-01-31 | Electrochemical device separator, method for manufacturing same, and electrochemical device comprising same |
| JP2024557787A JP7831917B2 (ja) | 2023-03-02 | 2024-01-31 | 電気化学素子用分離膜、その製造方法及びそれを含む電気化学素子 |
| EP24764094.9A EP4496102A4 (en) | 2023-03-02 | 2024-01-31 | ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE SEPARATOR, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME |
| CN202480002145.7A CN118947019A (zh) | 2023-03-02 | 2024-01-31 | 电化学装置用隔膜、其制造方法和包含其的电化学装置 |
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| KR1020240013662A KR102902392B1 (ko) | 2023-03-02 | 2024-01-30 | 전기화학소자용 분리막, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 전기화학소자 |
| KR10-2024-0013662 | 2024-01-30 |
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| EP (1) | EP4496102A4 (ko) |
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| KR102926475B1 (ko) * | 2021-05-28 | 2026-02-11 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 전기화학소자용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 구비한 전기화학소자 |
| CN115663195B (zh) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-03-10 | 博路天成新能源科技有限公司 | 硅基负极片及其制备方法、锂离子电池和电子设备 |
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- 2024-01-31 JP JP2024557787A patent/JP7831917B2/ja active Active
- 2024-01-31 EP EP24764094.9A patent/EP4496102A4/en active Pending
- 2024-01-31 WO PCT/KR2024/001437 patent/WO2024181694A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| JP7831917B2 (ja) | 2026-03-17 |
| US20250349971A1 (en) | 2025-11-13 |
| JP2025512287A (ja) | 2025-04-17 |
| EP4496102A4 (en) | 2025-05-07 |
| EP4496102A1 (en) | 2025-01-22 |
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