WO2024190881A1 - フィルム状接着剤、ダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルム、並びに半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
フィルム状接着剤、ダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルム、並びに半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024190881A1 WO2024190881A1 PCT/JP2024/010073 JP2024010073W WO2024190881A1 WO 2024190881 A1 WO2024190881 A1 WO 2024190881A1 JP 2024010073 W JP2024010073 W JP 2024010073W WO 2024190881 A1 WO2024190881 A1 WO 2024190881A1
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- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
- C09J7/35—Heat-activated
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/68—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used
- C08G59/686—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the catalysts used containing nitrogen
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
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- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
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- C09J161/00—Adhesives based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J161/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
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- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
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- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B80/00—Assemblies of multiple devices comprising at least one memory device covered by this subclass
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- H10W72/50—Bond wires
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- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/326—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bonding electronic components such as wafers, chips or semiconductors
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- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/20—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself
- C09J2301/208—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself the adhesive layer being constituted by at least two or more adjacent or superposed adhesive layers, e.g. multilayer adhesive
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- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/20—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself
- C09J2301/21—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself the adhesive layer being formed by alternating adhesive areas of different nature
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- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/302—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being pressure-sensitive, i.e. tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
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- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/304—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being heat-activatable, i.e. not tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
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- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
- C09J2301/312—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier parameters being the characterizing feature
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- H10P72/74—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof for supporting or gripping using temporarily an auxiliary support
- H10P72/7416—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof for supporting or gripping using temporarily an auxiliary support used during dicing or grinding
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- H10P72/7438—Handling or holding of wafers, substrates or devices during manufacture or treatment thereof for supporting or gripping using temporarily an auxiliary support with parts of the auxiliary support remaining in the finished device
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- H10W72/07331—Connecting techniques
- H10W72/07337—Connecting techniques using a polymer adhesive, e.g. an adhesive based on silicone or epoxy
- H10W72/07338—Connecting techniques using a polymer adhesive, e.g. an adhesive based on silicone or epoxy hardening the adhesive by curing, e.g. thermosetting
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- H10W90/756—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires between a chip and a stacked lead frame, conducting package substrate or heat sink
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a film-like adhesive, a dicing/die bonding integrated film, and a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same.
- stacked MCPs Multi Chip Packages
- MCPs Multi Chip Packages
- mobile phones and other devices become more multifunctional, efforts are being made to make semiconductor packages faster, more dense, and more highly integrated.
- a commonly used method for manufacturing semiconductor devices is to attach an integrated dicing/die bonding film with an adhesive layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to the back surface of a semiconductor wafer, and then cut and separate the semiconductor wafer, adhesive layer, and part of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (semiconductor wafer back surface attachment method).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose film-like adhesives that can be used for the adhesive layer in this type of method.
- chip cracks may occur, for example, when connecting semiconductor chips using wire bonding. It is presumed that such chip cracks occur when the semiconductor layer becomes thin, making the semiconductor chip brittle, and are caused by vibrations during wire bonding. For this reason, there is a demand for film-like adhesives used in dicing and die bonding integrated films to be able to suppress the occurrence of chip cracks.
- the primary objective of this disclosure is to provide a film-like adhesive that can adequately suppress the occurrence of chip cracks even when cured under low-temperature, short-time heating conditions.
- the inventors conducted extensive research to solve the above problems and discovered that, when the onset temperature, peak temperature, and heat generation amount of the heat generation peak observed in the DSC curve of a film-like adhesive obtained by performing differential scanning calorimetry under specified conditions are within specified ranges, the storage modulus of the cured film-like adhesive can be improved and the occurrence of chip cracks can be suppressed even when the adhesive is cured under low temperature and short heating conditions, which led to the completion of the disclosed invention.
- the present disclosure provides a film-like adhesive described in [1] to [8], a dicing/die bonding integrated film described in [9], a semiconductor device described in [10] and [11], and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device described in [12] to [17].
- a film-like adhesive containing a thermosetting resin component and an elastomer The film-like adhesive has a DSC curve obtained by carrying out differential scanning calorimetry under conditions of a heating rate of 10°C/min and a measurement temperature range of 30 to 300°C, in which the onset temperature of the exothermic peak observed in the DSC curve is 165°C or lower, the peak temperature is 185°C or lower, and the heat generation amount is 90 J/g or higher.
- thermosetting resin component contains an epoxy resin.
- thermosetting resin component contains a phenolic resin.
- [6] The film-like adhesive according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein when the film-like adhesive is cured under conditions of 140°C and 30 minutes, the cured product has a storage modulus at 150°C of 80 MPa or more.
- a dicing and die bonding integrated film comprising, in this order, a base layer, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and an adhesive layer made of the film-like adhesive according to any one of [1] to [6].
- a first semiconductor chip ; a support member on which the first semiconductor chip is mounted; A cured product of the film-like adhesive according to any one of [1] to [6], which is provided between the first semiconductor chip and the support member and bonds the first semiconductor chip and the support member; A semiconductor device comprising: [11] The semiconductor device according to [10], further comprising a second semiconductor chip different from the first semiconductor chip, stacked on a surface of the first semiconductor chip.
- a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device comprising: [13] a step of thermally curing the first adhesive piece in the semiconductor chip with the first adhesive piece under conditions of 100 to 180° C.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising a step of interposing a film-like adhesive described in claim 1 or 2 between a first semiconductor chip and a support member, or between a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip different from the first semiconductor chip, and adhering the first semiconductor chip and the support member, or the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip.
- a step of thermally curing the film-like adhesive at 100 to 180 ° C. for 15 to 60 minutes; a step of electrically connecting the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip to the support member by bonding wires;
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to [16] further comprising:
- a film-like adhesive is provided that can sufficiently suppress the occurrence of chip cracks even when cured under low temperature and short heating conditions.
- a dicing/die bonding integrated film using such a film-like adhesive, as well as a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the same are provided.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device using such a dicing/die bonding integrated film is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a film-like adhesive.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method for determining the onset temperature and peak temperature of an exothermic peak from a DSC curve.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a method for determining the calorific value of an exothermic peak from a DSC curve.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a dicing/die bonding integrated film.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- a numerical range indicated using “ ⁇ ” indicates a range that includes the numerical values described before and after " ⁇ " as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- the upper limit or lower limit described in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit or lower limit of another numerical range described in stages.
- the upper limit or lower limit of that numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in an example.
- the upper limit and lower limit values described individually can be arbitrarily combined.
- “A or B" may include either A or B, or may include both.
- the materials exemplified below may be used alone or in combination of two or more types, unless otherwise specified.
- the content of each component in the composition means the total amount of the multiple substances present in the composition, unless otherwise specified.
- (meth)acrylate means acrylate or the corresponding methacrylate.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a film-like adhesive.
- the film-like adhesive 1 (adhesive film) shown in Fig. 1 may be thermosetting, and may be capable of going through a semi-cured (B stage) state and then becoming fully cured (C stage) after a curing process.
- the film-like adhesive 1 contains a thermosetting resin component (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “component (A)”) and an elastomer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “component (B)”), and may further contain an inorganic filler (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “component (C)”).
- component (A) may contain, for example, an epoxy resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “component (A1)”) and a phenolic resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “component (A2)”).
- the film-like adhesive 1 may further contain a coupling agent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “component (D)”), a curing accelerator (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “component (E)”), other components, etc.
- component (D) a coupling agent
- component (E) a curing accelerator
- the film-like adhesive 1 is a film-like adhesive in which, in a DSC curve obtained by performing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under conditions of a heating rate of 10°C/min and a measurement temperature range of 30 to 300°C, the onset temperature of the exothermic peak observed in the DSC curve is 165°C or less, the peak temperature is 185°C or less, and the heat generation amount is 90 J/g or more. Note that there may be multiple exothermic peaks in a DSC curve. In this case, the exothermic peak of interest may be the exothermic peak that exhibits the largest heat generation amount.
- differential scanning calorimetry is performed by heating the sample in an air or nitrogen atmosphere with a sample weight of 10 ⁇ 0.5 mg of film-like adhesive 1, a heating rate of 10°C/min, and a measurement temperature range of 30 to 300°C.
- Conventional film-like adhesives usually have an exothermic peak in the temperature range of 30 to 300°C on the DSC curve. It is presumed that the heat generated in this temperature range is due to the curing reaction of the thermosetting resin component (for example, the reaction between the epoxy resin and the phenolic resin).
- the film-like adhesive of this embodiment has an onset temperature of the exothermic peak of 165°C or less, a peak temperature of 185°C or less, and a heat generation amount of 90 J/g or more. Therefore, even when cured under low temperature and short heating conditions, the storage modulus of the cured product of the film-like adhesive can be improved and the occurrence of chip cracks can be suppressed.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a method for determining the onset temperature and peak temperature of an exothermic peak from a DSC curve.
- the DSC curve shown in FIG. 2 includes a baseline L0 in the temperature range of 30 to 300°C, and an exothermic peak P due to the curing reaction of the film-like adhesive 1, which is observed halfway through the baseline L0.
- the onset temperature is the temperature T1 at the intersection between an extension line L1 of the baseline L0 at the bottom of the exothermic peak P and a tangent line L2 to the DSC curve at the point where the DSC curve shows the maximum gradient at the exothermic peak P.
- the peak temperature is the temperature T2 of the maximum point in the exothermic peak P.
- the onset temperature of the exothermic peak is 165°C or less, and may be, for example, 160°C or 155°C or less. When the onset temperature of the exothermic peak is 165°C or less, it is possible to cure the film-like adhesive under low temperature and short heating conditions.
- the onset temperature of the exothermic peak may be, for example, 100°C or more, 110°C or more, or 120°C or more.
- the peak temperature of the exothermic peak is 185°C or less, and may be, for example, 180°C or less or 175°C or less.
- the peak temperature of the exothermic peak may be, for example, 140°C or more, 150°C or more, or 160°C or more.
- the difference between the peak temperature of the exothermic peak and the onset temperature may be, for example, 45°C or less, 40°C or less, 35°C or less, 30°C or less, 25°C or less, or 20°C or less.
- the difference between the peak temperature of the exothermic peak and the onset temperature is within such a range, the curing reaction of the film-like adhesive tends to proceed sufficiently under low temperature and short heating conditions, making it easier to obtain the desired storage modulus.
- the difference between the peak temperature of the exothermic peak and the onset temperature may be, for example, 5°C or more or 10°C or more.
- the onset temperature and peak temperature of the exothermic peak can be lowered, for example, by increasing the content of component (E) in the film-like adhesive, changing the (E) component to one that acts at a lower temperature, or by increasing the content of component (A) in the film-like adhesive.
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing a method for determining the heat generation amount of an exothermic peak from a DSC curve.
- the DSC curve shown in Figure 3 is similar to the DSC curve shown in Figure 2.
- the heat generation amount Q is calculated by integrating the peak area of the exothermic peak P (the area of the region surrounded by the exothermic peak P and an extension line L1 of the baseline L0).
- the heat value of the exothermic peak is 90 J/g or more, and may be, for example, 95 J/g or more, 100 J/g or more, 105 J/g or more, 110 J/g or more, 115 J/g or more, 120 J/g or more, 125 J/g or more, or 130 J/g or more.
- the heat value of the exothermic peak may be, for example, 250 J/g or less or 200 J/g or less.
- the heat value of the exothermic peak can be improved, for example, by increasing the content of component (A) in the film adhesive, by using a component with a smaller epoxy equivalent as component (A1) of component (A), or by increasing the ratio of the epoxy equivalent of component (A1) to the hydroxyl equivalent of component (A2) (epoxy equivalent of component (A1)/hydroxyl equivalent of component (A2)).
- the components that make up the film-like adhesive of this embodiment are described below. By using the components shown below, it tends to be easier to produce a film-like adhesive that satisfies the above-mentioned conditions for the onset temperature, peak temperature, and amount of heat generation of the heat generation peak.
- (A) component thermosetting resin component
- (A1) component epoxy resin
- the (A1) component can be used without any particular limitation as long as it has an epoxy group in the molecule.
- (A1) component includes, for example, bisphenol A type epoxy resin; bisphenol F type epoxy resin; bisphenol S type epoxy resin; phenol novolac type epoxy resin; cresol novolac type epoxy resin; bisphenol A novolac type epoxy resin; bisphenol F novolac type epoxy resin; stilbene type epoxy resin; triazine skeleton-containing epoxy resin; fluorene skeleton-containing epoxy resin; triphenol methane type epoxy resin; biphenyl type epoxy resin; xylylene type epoxy resin; biphenyl aralkyl type epoxy resin; naphthalene type epoxy resin; polyfunctional phenols, diglycidyl ether compounds of polycyclic aromatics such as anthracene, etc.
- the (A1) component may contain cresol novolac type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, or bisphenol A type epoxy resin from the viewpoint of film tackiness, flexibility, etc.
- Bisphenol F type epoxy resins have a relatively low softening point, and many of them have a softening point of 40° C. or lower.
- the (A1) component may contain an epoxy resin having a softening point of 40°C or lower (or an epoxy resin that is liquid at 30°C, hereinafter sometimes referred to as "(A1a) component”).
- the (A1) component may be a combination of the (A1a) component and an epoxy resin having a softening point of more than 40°C (or an epoxy resin that is solid at 30°C, hereinafter sometimes referred to as "(A1b) component”).
- the (A1) component contains the (A1a) component, it tends to be easier to improve the storage modulus after curing.
- the (A1) component is a combination of the (A1a) component and the (A1b) component, it tends to be easier to achieve a thin film.
- the softening point refers to the value measured by the ring and ball method in accordance with JIS K7234:1986.
- component (A1a) Commercially available products of component (A1a) include, for example, EXA-830CRP (product name, manufactured by DIC Corporation, liquid at 30°C), YDF-8170C (product name, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd., liquid at 30°C), and EP-4088S (product name, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, liquid at 30°C).
- EXA-830CRP product name, manufactured by DIC Corporation, liquid at 30°C
- YDF-8170C product name, manufactured by Nippon Steel Chemical & Material Co., Ltd., liquid at 30°C
- EP-4088S product name, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, liquid at 30°C
- the content of the (A1a) component may be 5 mass% or more, 10 mass% or more, or 15 mass% or more, and 80 mass% or less, 70 mass% or less, or 65 mass% or less, based on the total amount of the (A1) component.
- the content of the (A1a) component in the (A1) component in the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive may be in the same range as above.
- the content of the (A1b) component may be 20% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, or 35% by mass or more, and 95% by mass or less, 90% by mass or less, or 85% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the (A1) component.
- the content of the (A1b) component in the (A1) component in the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive may be in the same range as above.
- the epoxy equivalent of component (A1) is not particularly limited, but may be 90 to 300 g/eq or 110 to 290 g/eq. When the epoxy equivalent of component (A1) is in such a range, it tends to be easier to ensure the fluidity of the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive while maintaining the bulk strength of the film-like adhesive.
- Component (A2) Phenol resin Component (A2) is a component that acts as a curing agent for component (A1), i.e., it can be a curing agent for epoxy resin. By including component (A2) in the film-like adhesive, the film-like adhesive can be highly crosslinked, improving the storage modulus after curing.
- the (A2) component can be used without any particular restriction as long as it has a phenolic hydroxyl group in the molecule.
- the (A2) component is not particularly limited as long as it has a phenolic hydroxyl group in the molecule.
- Examples of the (A2) component include novolac-type phenolic resins obtained by condensing or co-condensing phenols such as phenol, cresol, resorcin, catechol, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, phenylphenol, aminophenol, etc. and/or naphthols such as ⁇ -naphthol, ⁇ -naphthol, dihydroxynaphthalene, etc.
- the phenolic resin may include a novolac type phenolic resin or a phenylaralkyl type phenolic resin.
- the hydroxyl equivalent of component (A2) may be 70 g/eq or more, or 70 to 300 g/eq. If the hydroxyl equivalent of component (A2) is 70 g/eq or more, the storage modulus tends to be improved, and if it is 300 g/eq or less, it becomes possible to prevent defects due to the generation of foaming, outgassing, etc.
- the softening point of the (A2) component is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 90°C or higher, 100°C or higher, or 110°C or higher.
- the upper limit of the softening point of the (A2) component may be, for example, 200°C or lower.
- component (A2) Commercially available products of component (A2) include, for example, PSM-4326 (trade name, manufactured by Gun-ei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., softening point: 120°C), J-DPP-140 (trade name, manufactured by JFE Chemical Corporation, softening point: 140°C), and GPH-103 (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., softening point: 99-106°C).
- the ratio of the epoxy equivalent of component (A1) to the hydroxyl equivalent of component (A2) may be 0.30/0.70 to 0.70/0.30, 0.35/0.65 to 0.65/0.35, 0.40/0.60 to 0.60/0.40, or 0.45/0.55 to 0.55/0.45, from the viewpoint of curability. If the equivalent ratio is 0.30/0.70 or more, more sufficient curability tends to be obtained. If the equivalent ratio is 0.70/0.30 or less, it is possible to prevent the viscosity from becoming too high, and more sufficient fluidity can be obtained.
- the content of the (A1) component (the sum of the (A1a) component and the (A1b) component) may be 20% by mass or more, 22% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, 28% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, 32% by mass or more, 35% by mass or more, 38% by mass or more, or 40% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (A1) component may be 50% by mass or less, 48% by mass or less, or 45% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (A1) component (the sum of the (A1a) component and the (A1b) component) in the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive may be the same as the above range.
- the content of the (A2) component may be 10% by mass or more, 12% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, 18% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, 22% by mass or more, or 25% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (A2) component may be 35% by mass or less, 32% by mass or less, or 30% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (A2) component in the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive may be the same as the above range.
- the content of the (A) component (the sum of the (A1) component and the (A2) component) may be 35% by mass or more, 38% by mass or more, 40% by mass or more, 42% by mass or more, 45% by mass or more, 48% by mass or more, 50% by mass or more, 52% by mass or more, 55% by mass or more, 58% by mass or more, 60% by mass or more, 62% by mass or more, or 65% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (A) component is in such a range, the storage modulus after curing tends to be more easily improved.
- the content of the (A) component may be 80% by mass or less, 75% by mass or less, or 70% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (A) component (the sum of the (A1) component and the (A2) component) in the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive may be the same as the above range.
- (B) component elastomer
- the (B) component include acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, silicone resin, butadiene resin, and modified products of these resins.
- the (B) component include polymers having organopolysiloxane in the side chain.
- the (B) component may be an acrylic resin (acrylic rubber) having a structural unit derived from a (meth)acrylic acid ester as a main component, since it has less ionic impurities and is more excellent in heat resistance, is easier to ensure the connection reliability of the semiconductor device, and is more excellent in fluidity.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the (B) component may be 0 to 30°C. If the Tg of the (B) component is 0°C or higher, the adhesive strength of the film-like adhesive can be improved, and the flexibility of the film-like adhesive tends to be prevented from becoming too high. If the Tg of the (B) component is 30°C or lower, the film-like adhesive tends to be prevented from decreasing in flexibility, and the adhesive tends to have excellent breaking strength and excellent processability when a thin film is formed.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the (B) component may be 5°C or higher or 10°C or higher, and may be 25°C or lower or 20°C or lower.
- Tg means a value measured using a DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) (for example, Thermo Plus 2, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation).
- the Tg of the (B) component can be adjusted to a desired range by adjusting the type and content of the constituent units constituting the (B) component (when the (B) component is an acrylic resin (acrylic rubber), the constituent units derived from (meth)acrylic acid esters).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of component (B) may be 100,000 or more, 300,000 or more, or 500,000 or more, and may be 3,000,000 or less, 2,000,000 or less, or 1,000,000 or less.
- Mw means a value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and converted using a calibration curve of standard polystyrene. Note that, when multiple peaks are observed in GPC, the weight average molecular weight resulting from the peak with the highest peak intensity is defined as the weight average molecular weight in this specification.
- component (B) Commercially available products of component (B) include SG-P3 and SG-80H (both manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) and KH-CT-865 (manufactured by Resonac Corporation).
- the content of the (B) component may be 15% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, or 25% by mass or more based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (B) component is in this range, the thin film is excellent in formability, has excellent breaking strength when a thin film is formed, and tends to suppress warping of the semiconductor device (semiconductor package).
- the content of the (B) component may be 45% by mass or less, 40% by mass or less, or 35% by mass or less based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (B) component in this range the storage modulus after curing tends to be further improved.
- the content of the (B) component in the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive may be the same as the above range.
- Component (C) Inorganic Filler
- the film-like adhesive 1 may further contain component (C). That is, the film-like adhesive 1 may exist in an embodiment that contains component (C) and an embodiment that substantially does not contain component (C).
- component (C) examples include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum borate whiskers, boron nitride, and silica.
- component (C) may be silica from the viewpoint of adjusting the melt viscosity.
- the shape of component (C) is not particularly limited, but may be spherical.
- the average particle size of the (C) component may be 0.7 ⁇ m or less, 0.6 ⁇ m or less, 0.5 ⁇ m or less, 0.4 ⁇ m or less, or 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the (C) component may be, for example, 0.01 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size means the particle size with an accumulated frequency of 50% in the particle size distribution determined by the laser diffraction/scattering method.
- the average particle size of the (C) component can also be determined by using a film-like adhesive containing the (C) component.
- the film-like adhesive is heated to decompose the resin component, and the residue obtained is dispersed in a solvent to prepare a dispersion, and the average particle size of the (C) component can be determined from the particle size distribution obtained by applying the laser diffraction/scattering method to the dispersion.
- the content of the (C) component may be 0 to 25% by mass based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (C) component is in this range, it tends to be possible to further reduce the thickness.
- the thin film formed has excellent breaking strength and excellent processability, and warping of the semiconductor device (semiconductor package) tends to be suppressed.
- the content of the (C) component may be 22% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 17% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, 12% by mass or less, 10% by mass or less, 7% by mass or less, 5% by mass or less, 4% by mass or less, 3% by mass or less, 2% by mass or less, 1% by mass or less, 0.5% by mass or less, or 0.1% by mass or less based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of the (C) component may be 0% by mass based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive. That is, in one embodiment, the film-like adhesive does not need to contain the (C) component.
- the content of component (C) may be 0% by mass or more, more than 0% by mass, 1% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, or 5% by mass or more based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive.
- the content of component (C) in the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive may be in the same range as above.
- the (A) component and the (B) component, or the (A), (B), and (C) components may be the main components of the film-like adhesive of this embodiment.
- the total content of the (A) component and the (B) component, or the total content of the (A), (B), and (C) components may be, for example, 70% by mass or more, 80% by mass or more, 90% by mass or more, 95% by mass or more, 96% by mass or more, 97% by mass or more, 98% by mass or more, 99% by mass or more, 99.5% by mass or more, 99.7% by mass or more, or 99.9% by mass or more.
- the total content of the (A) component and the (B) component, or the total content of the (A), (B), and (C) components may be, for example, 100% by mass or less, 99.9% by mass or less, 99.7% by mass or less, or 99.5% by mass or less.
- Component (D) Coupling Agent
- Component (D) may be a silane coupling agent.
- the silane coupling agent include ⁇ -ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-(2-aminoethyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
- Component (E) Curing Accelerator
- the component (E) include imidazoles and derivatives thereof, organic phosphorus compounds, secondary amines, tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium salts, etc.
- the component (E) may be imidazoles and derivatives thereof.
- imidazoles examples include 2-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, and 1-cyanoethyl-2-methylimidazole.
- Component (E) may contain 2-phenylimidazole, which helps promote curing at low temperatures.
- the film adhesive may further contain other components.
- other components include pigments, ion scavengers, antioxidants, etc.
- the total content of the (D) component, the (E) component, and other components may be 0 mass% or more, 0.1 mass% or more, 0.3 mass% or more, or 0.5 mass% or more based on the total amount of the film-like adhesive, and may be 30 mass% or less, 20 mass% or less, 10 mass% or less, 5 mass% or less, 4 mass% or less, 3 mass% or less, 2 mass% or less, or 1 mass% or less.
- the total content of the (D) component, the (E) component, and other components in the adhesive composition when forming the film-like adhesive may be in the same range as above.
- the thickness of the film-like adhesive 1 may be 1 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the film-like adhesive 1 may be 12 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or less, 8 ⁇ m or less, or 7 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the film-like adhesive 1 can be determined, for example, by measuring the thickness at five points on a cross-section of the film-like adhesive 1 using a scanning microscope photograph and calculating the average of the measured values.
- the storage modulus of the cured product at 150°C may be 50 MPa or more, 55 MPa or more, 60 MPa or more, 65 MPa or more, 70 MPa or more, 75 MPa or more, 80 MPa or more, 85 MPa or more, 90 MPa or more, 95 MPa or more, 100 MPa or more, 105 MPa or more, 110 MPa or more, 115 MPa or more, 120 MPa or more, 125 MPa or more, 130 MPa or more, 135 MPa or more, 140 MPa or more, 145 MPa or more, or 150 MPa or more.
- the storage modulus is 50 MPa or more, it is possible to cover the brittleness of the semiconductor chip due to the thin film, and as a result, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of chip cracks.
- the upper limit of the storage modulus is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 500 MPa or less, 300 MPa or less, 250 MPa or less, or 200 MPa or less.
- the storage modulus at 150°C of the cured product when the film-like adhesive is cured under conditions of 140°C and 30 minutes can be measured, for example, by the following method.
- a sample for measurement is prepared by laminating multiple 5 ⁇ m-thick film-like adhesives to a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more and cutting this into a size of 4 mm wide x 20 mm long or more.
- the prepared sample is cured under conditions of 140°C and 30 minutes, and then the cured sample is set in a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device (Rheogel E-4000, manufactured by UBM Co., Ltd.) and dynamic viscoelasticity is measured in a temperature dependence measurement mode in which a tensile load is applied and measurements are made from room temperature (25°C) to 300°C under conditions of a chuck distance of 20 mm, a frequency of 10 Hz, and a heating rate of 3°C/min. The value of the storage modulus at 150°C is then read, and this value is regarded as the storage modulus at 150°C.
- a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device Heogel E-4000, manufactured by UBM Co., Ltd.
- the film-like adhesive 1 (adhesive film) shown in FIG. 1 is formed by forming an adhesive composition containing components (A) and (B), and, if necessary, component (C) and added components, into a film.
- a film-like adhesive 1 can be formed by applying the adhesive composition to a support film.
- a varnish (adhesive varnish) containing the adhesive composition and a solvent may be used.
- the adhesive varnish is prepared by mixing or kneading components (A) and (B), and, if necessary, component (C) and added components in a solvent, and the obtained adhesive varnish is applied to a support film, and the solvent is removed by heating and drying to obtain the film-like adhesive 1.
- the support film is not particularly limited as long as it can withstand the above-mentioned heat drying, but may be, for example, a polyester film, a polypropylene film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, a polyimide film, a polyetherimide film, a polyethylene naphthalate film, a polymethylpentene film, or the like.
- the support film may be a multi-layer film combining two or more types, and may have a surface treated with a silicone-based, silica-based, or other release agent.
- the thickness of the support film may be, for example, 10 to 200 ⁇ m or 20 to 170 ⁇ m.
- Mixing or kneading can be carried out using a conventional mixer, a mixing machine, a triple roll mill, a ball mill, or other dispersing machine, in any suitable combination.
- the solvent used in preparing the adhesive varnish is not limited as long as it can dissolve, knead, or disperse each component uniformly, and any conventionally known solvent can be used.
- solvents include ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone, as well as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, toluene, and xylene. From the standpoint of drying speed and cost, the solvent may be methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone.
- any known method can be used to apply the adhesive varnish to the support film, such as knife coating, roll coating, spray coating, gravure coating, bar coating, curtain coating, etc.
- the heat drying conditions there are no particular restrictions on the heat drying conditions as long as the solvent used is sufficiently evaporated, but the conditions may be 50 to 150°C and 1 to 30 minutes.
- the film-like adhesive 1 can be thinned, it can be suitably used in the manufacturing process of a semiconductor device in which multiple semiconductor chips are stacked.
- the semiconductor device may be a stacked MCP or a three-dimensional NAND memory.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a dicing/die bonding integrated film.
- the dicing/die bonding integrated film 10 shown in Fig. 4 includes a base layer 2, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3, and an adhesive layer 1A made of the above-mentioned film-like adhesive 1, in this order.
- the base layer 2 and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 can be a dicing film 4.
- the lamination process to the semiconductor wafer is performed only once, so that the efficiency of the work can be improved.
- the dicing/die bonding integrated film may be in the form of a film, a sheet, a tape, or the like.
- the dicing film 4 comprises a base layer 2 and an adhesive layer 3 provided on the base layer 2.
- the substrate layer 2 examples include plastic films such as polytetrafluoroethylene film, polyethylene terephthalate film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polymethylpentene film, and polyimide film. These substrate layers 2 may be subjected to surface treatments such as primer coating, UV treatment, corona discharge treatment, polishing treatment, and etching treatment, as necessary.
- the adhesive layer 3 is a layer made of an adhesive.
- the adhesive may be either a radiation-curable or non-radiation-curable adhesive.
- the radiation may be, for example, ultraviolet light.
- a non-radiation-curable adhesive is an adhesive that exhibits a certain level of adhesiveness when pressure is applied for a short period of time.
- a radiation-curable adhesive is an adhesive that has the property of decreasing adhesiveness when exposed to radiation (for example, ultraviolet light).
- the thickness of the dicing film 4 may be 60 to 150 ⁇ m or 70 to 130 ⁇ m from the standpoint of economy and ease of handling of the film.
- the dicing/die bonding integrated film 10 can be obtained, for example, by preparing a film-like adhesive 1 and a dicing film 4, and bonding the film-like adhesive 1 to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 of the dicing film 4.
- the dicing/die bonding integrated film 10 can also be obtained, for example, by preparing a dicing film 4, and applying an adhesive composition (adhesive varnish) onto the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 3 of the dicing film 4 in the same manner as in the method of forming the film-like adhesive 1 described above.
- the film-like adhesive and the integrated dicing and die bonding film may be used in a manufacturing process for a semiconductor device, or may be used in a manufacturing process for a semiconductor device in which multiple semiconductor chips are stacked.
- the film-like adhesive and the integrated dicing and die bonding film may be used in a manufacturing process for a semiconductor device that includes a process of bonding an adhesive layer of the film-like adhesive or the integrated dicing and die bonding film to a semiconductor wafer or an already-singulated semiconductor chip, and obtaining a semiconductor chip with an adhesive piece by cutting with a rotary blade, laser, or stretching, and a process of adhering the semiconductor chip with the adhesive piece onto a support member or another semiconductor chip via the adhesive piece.
- the film-like adhesive is also suitable for use as an adhesive for bonding semiconductor chips together in stacked MCPs (e.g., three-dimensional NAND memory), which are semiconductor devices made by stacking multiple semiconductor chips.
- stacked MCPs e.g., three-dimensional NAND memory
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor device 100 shown in Fig. 5 includes a semiconductor chip 11 (first semiconductor chip), a support member 12 on which the semiconductor chip 11 is mounted, and an adhesive member 15.
- the adhesive member 15 is provided between the semiconductor chip 11 and the support member 12, and bonds the semiconductor chip 11 and the support member 12.
- the adhesive member 15 is a cured product of an adhesive composition (cured product of a film-like adhesive).
- the connection terminals (not shown) of the semiconductor chip 11 are electrically connected to external connection terminals (not shown) via bonding wires 13, and are sealed with a sealing material 14.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a semiconductor device.
- the first-stage semiconductor chip 11a first semiconductor chip
- the second-stage semiconductor chip 11b second semiconductor chip
- the connection terminals (not shown) of the first-stage semiconductor chip 11a and the second-stage semiconductor chip 11b are electrically connected to external connection terminals via bonding wires 13 and sealed with a sealing material 14.
- the semiconductor device 110 shown in FIG. 6 can be said to further include another semiconductor chip (11b) stacked on the surface of the semiconductor chip (11a) in the semiconductor device 100 shown in FIG. 5.
- the semiconductor device 120 shown in FIG. 7 includes a support member 12 and semiconductor chips 11a (first semiconductor chip), 11b (second semiconductor chip), 11c (third semiconductor chip), and 11d (fourth semiconductor chip) stacked on the support member 12.
- the four semiconductor chips 11a, 11b, 11c, and 11d are stacked at positions shifted from each other in the horizontal direction (direction perpendicular to the stacking direction) for connection with a connection terminal (not shown) formed on the surface of the support member 12 (see FIG. 7).
- FIG. 7 illustrates a semiconductor device in which four semiconductor chips are stacked, but the number of stacked semiconductor chips is not limited to this.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a semiconductor device in which the semiconductor chips are stacked in positions shifted from each other in the horizontal direction (direction perpendicular to the stacking direction), but the semiconductor device may be one in which the semiconductor chips are stacked in positions that are not shifted from each other in the horizontal direction (direction perpendicular to the stacking direction).
- the semiconductor device (semiconductor package) shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7 can be obtained by a method including a step of interposing the above-mentioned film-like adhesive between a semiconductor chip (first semiconductor chip) and a support member, or between a semiconductor chip (first semiconductor chip) and a semiconductor chip (second semiconductor chip), and bonding the semiconductor chip (first semiconductor chip) and the support member, or between a semiconductor chip (first semiconductor chip) and a semiconductor chip (second semiconductor chip).
- the above-mentioned film-like adhesive is interposed between a semiconductor chip and a support member, or between a semiconductor chip (first semiconductor chip) and a semiconductor chip (second semiconductor chip), and these are heated and pressed to bond the two together, and then, as necessary, a heat curing step, a wire bonding step, a sealing step using a sealing material, a heating and melting step including reflow using solder, and the like can be obtained.
- the semiconductor device can be obtained, for example, by a method comprising a step of attaching a semiconductor wafer to the adhesive layer of the above-mentioned dicing/die bonding integrated film (lamination step), a step of cutting the semiconductor wafer with the adhesive layer attached to produce a plurality of individual adhesive piece-attached semiconductor chips (dicing step), and a step of adhering a first adhesive piece-attached semiconductor chip having a first semiconductor chip and a first adhesive piece to a support member via the first adhesive piece as the adhesive piece-attached semiconductor chip (step of adhering the adhesive piece-attached semiconductor chip to a support member via an adhesive piece) (first adhering step).
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device may further include a step of adhering a second semiconductor chip with adhesive piece, which has a second semiconductor chip and a second adhesive piece, to the surface of the first semiconductor chip in the first semiconductor chip with adhesive piece adhered to the support member via the second adhesive piece (a step of adhering another semiconductor chip with adhesive piece to the surface of the semiconductor chip adhered to the support member via an adhesive piece possessed by the other semiconductor chip with adhesive piece) (second adhering step).
- the lamination process is a process in which a semiconductor wafer is pressed against the adhesive layer 1A of the dicing/die bonding integrated film 10, and the semiconductor wafer is adhered and held in place. This process may be performed while pressing with a pressing means such as a pressing roll.
- Semiconductor wafers include, for example, single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, various ceramics, and compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide.
- the dicing process is a process in which a semiconductor wafer is diced. This allows the semiconductor wafer to be cut to a predetermined size, producing a number of individual semiconductor chips with adhesive pieces attached. Dicing can be performed, for example, from the circuit side of the semiconductor wafer in a conventional manner.
- This process can employ, for example, a method known as full cut, in which a cut is made all the way to the dicing film, a method in which a half cut is made in the semiconductor wafer and the wafer is divided by cooling and pulling, or a method in which the wafer is divided by a laser.
- a method known as full cut in which a cut is made all the way to the dicing film
- a method in which a half cut is made in the semiconductor wafer and the wafer is divided by cooling and pulling
- a method in which the wafer is divided by a laser There are no particular limitations on the dicing device used in this process, and any conventionally known device can be used.
- Semiconductor chips are composed of, for example, a circuit layer and a semiconductor layer (for example, single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, various ceramics, compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide, etc.).
- semiconductor chips include ICs (integrated circuits).
- support members include lead frames such as 42 alloy lead frames and copper lead frames; plastic films such as polyimide resin and epoxy resin; modified plastic films in which a substrate such as glass nonwoven fabric is impregnated and hardened with plastics such as polyimide resin and epoxy resin; and ceramics such as alumina.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device may include a pick-up step as necessary.
- the pick-up step is a step of picking up the semiconductor chips with adhesive pieces in order to peel off the semiconductor chips with adhesive pieces that have been adhesively fixed to the dicing/die bonding integrated film.
- the pick-up method is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known methods can be used.
- such a method includes a method in which each semiconductor chip with adhesive pieces is pushed up from the dicing/die bonding integrated film side by a needle, and the pushed-up semiconductor chips with adhesive pieces are picked up by a pick-up device.
- the adhesive layer is of a radiation (e.g., ultraviolet) curing type
- pick-up can be performed after irradiating the adhesive layer with radiation. This reduces the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer to the adhesive piece, making it easier to peel off the semiconductor chip with the adhesive piece attached. As a result, pick-up is possible without damaging the semiconductor chip with the adhesive piece attached.
- a radiation e.g., ultraviolet
- the first bonding step is a step of bonding a semiconductor chip with a first adhesive piece formed by dicing to a support member for mounting the semiconductor chip via the first adhesive piece.
- the manufacturing method of a semiconductor device may include a step (second bonding step) of bonding a semiconductor chip with a second adhesive piece to the surface of the semiconductor chip bonded to the support member via the second adhesive piece, as necessary. Both bonding steps can be performed by pressure bonding. There are no particular limitations on the pressure bonding conditions, and they can be set appropriately as necessary.
- the pressure bonding conditions may be, for example, a temperature of 80 to 160°C, a load of 5 to 15 N, and a time of 1 to 10 seconds.
- the support member can be, for example, the same support member as above.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device may include a step of further thermally curing the adhesive pieces (the first adhesive piece in the semiconductor chip with the first adhesive piece, and the second adhesive piece in the semiconductor chip with the second adhesive piece) or the film-like adhesive (thermal curing step) as necessary.
- the adhesive pieces the first adhesive piece in the semiconductor chip with the first adhesive piece, and the second adhesive piece in the semiconductor chip with the second adhesive piece
- pressure may be applied at the same time to harden them.
- the heating temperature in this step can be appropriately changed depending on the constituent components of the adhesive pieces.
- the heating temperature may be, for example, 60 to 200°C or 100 to 180°C.
- the temperature or pressure may be changed stepwise.
- the heating time may be, for example, 1 to 120 minutes or 15 to 60 minutes.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device may include, as necessary, a step of electrically connecting the first and second semiconductor chips to the support member with bonding wires, more specifically, a step of electrically connecting the electrode pads on the semiconductor chips to the tips of the terminal portions (inner leads) of the support member with bonding wires (wire bonding step).
- wire bonding step For example, gold wire, aluminum wire, copper wire, etc., are used as the bonding wire.
- the temperature during wire bonding may be within a range of 80 to 250°C or 80 to 220°C. The heating time may be several seconds to several minutes.
- Wire bonding may be performed by combining ultrasonic vibration energy and compression energy by applied pressure while heated within the above temperature range.
- the manufacturing method of a semiconductor device may include a step of sealing the semiconductor chip with a sealing material (sealing step) as necessary. This step is performed to protect the semiconductor chip or bonding wires mounted on the support member. This step can be performed by molding the sealing resin (sealing resin) in a mold.
- the sealing resin may be, for example, an epoxy-based resin. The support member and residue are embedded by the heat and pressure during sealing, and peeling due to air bubbles at the adhesive interface can be prevented.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device may, if necessary, include a process (post-curing process) for completely curing any encapsulating resin that is not fully cured in the encapsulating process. Even if the adhesive pieces are not thermally cured in the encapsulating process, in this process, the adhesive pieces are thermally cured together with the encapsulating resin, making it possible to bond and fix the pieces.
- the heating temperature in this process can be set appropriately depending on the type of encapsulating resin, and may be within the range of 165 to 185°C, for example, and the heating time may be approximately 0.5 to 8 hours.
- the method for manufacturing a semiconductor device may, as necessary, include a step of heating the semiconductor chip attached to the support member or the semiconductor chip using a reflow furnace (heating and melting step).
- the resin-encapsulated semiconductor device may be surface-mounted on the support member.
- surface mounting methods include reflow soldering, in which solder is first supplied onto a printed wiring board, then heated and melted by hot air or the like, and soldered.
- heating methods include hot air reflow and infrared reflow.
- the heating method may be one that heats the entire surface or one that heats localized areas.
- the heating temperature may be, for example, within the range of 240 to 280°C.
- Component (A2) Phenolic resin (A2-1) PSM-4326 (trade name, manufactured by Gun-ei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., novolac type phenolic resin, hydroxyl equivalent: 105 g/eq, softening point: 120° C.)
- A2-2 MEH-7800M (product name, manufactured by Meiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., phenol novolac type phenolic resin, hydroxyl equivalent: 175 g/eq, softening point: 61 to 90° C.)
- Component (D) Coupling agent (D-1) Z-6119 (trade name, manufactured by Dow Toray Co., Ltd., ⁇ -ureidopropyltriethoxysilane) (D-2) A-189 (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Unicar Co., Ltd., ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane)
- Component (E) Curing accelerator (E-1) 2PZ-T (trade name, manufactured by Shikoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 2-phenylimidazole) (E-2) 2PZ-CN (trade name, manufactured by Shikoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole)
- the baseline of the analysis temperature range was specified and the peak area was integrated to calculate the amount of heat generated (unit: J/g).
- a total area analysis method was used as a means of analyzing the onset temperature, and by instructing analysis in the temperature range of 30°C to 300°C, the intersection point between the baseline of the heat generation peak in each DSC curve and the maximum slope point was calculated, and the onset temperature (unit: °C) was obtained.
- the onset temperature was analyzed by determining the maximum point of the exothermic peak and calculating the peak temperature (unit: ° C.). The results are shown in Table 1.
- the storage modulus after curing was measured using the film-like adhesives of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the storage modulus after curing was measured by the following method. That is, a plurality of 5 ⁇ m thick film-like adhesives were laminated to a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more, and this was made into a size of 4 mm wide x 20 mm long or more to prepare a sample for measurement. The prepared sample was cured under conditions of 140° C.
- the cured sample (cured product) was set in a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device (Rheogel E-4000, manufactured by UBM Co., Ltd.) and dynamic viscoelasticity was measured in a temperature dependency measurement mode in which a tensile load was applied and measurements were made from room temperature (25° C.) to 300° C. under conditions of a chuck distance of 20 mm, a frequency of 10 Hz, and a temperature rise rate of 3° C./min.
- the value of the storage modulus at 150° C. was read, and this value was taken as the storage modulus at 150° C.
- Table 1 The larger the storage modulus at 150° C. (for example, 50 MPa or more), the more the fragility of the semiconductor chip due to the thinning can be compensated for, and as a result, the occurrence of chip cracks can be suppressed.
- Table 1 The results are shown in Table 1.
- 1...film-like adhesive 1A...adhesive layer, 2...base material layer, 3...adhesive layer, 4...dicing film, 10...dicing and die bonding integrated film, 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d...semiconductor chip, 12...support member, 13...bonding wire, 14...sealant, 15, 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d...adhesive member, 16...terminal, 100, 110, 120...semiconductor device.
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Abstract
Description
[1]熱硬化性樹脂成分と、エラストマーとを含有するフィルム状接着剤であって、
昇温速度10℃/分及び測定温度範囲30~300℃の条件で示差走査熱量測定を実施して得られる前記フィルム状接着剤のDSC曲線において、当該DSC曲線で観測される発熱ピークのオンセット温度が165℃以下であり、ピーク温度が185℃以下であり、かつ発熱量が90J/g以上である、フィルム状接着剤。
[2]無機フィラーをさらに含有していてもよく、
前記無機フィラーの含有量が、フィルム状接着剤の全量を基準として、0~25質量%である、[1]に記載のフィルム状接着剤。
[3]前記熱硬化性樹脂成分がエポキシ樹脂を含む、[1]又は[2]に記載のフィルム状接着剤。
[4]前記熱硬化性樹脂成分がフェノール樹脂をさらに含む、[3]に記載のフィルム状接着剤。
[5]前記フィルム状接着剤の厚さが1~15μmである、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のフィルム状接着剤。
[6]前記フィルム状接着剤を140℃、30分の条件で硬化させたときの硬化物の150℃における貯蔵弾性率が80MPa以上である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のフィルム状接着剤。
[7]複数の半導体チップを積層してなる半導体装置の製造プロセスに用いられる、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のフィルム状接着剤。
[8]前記半導体装置が三次元NAND型メモリである、[7]に記載のフィルム状接着剤。
[9]基材層と、粘着剤層と、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のフィルム状接着剤からなる接着剤層とをこの順に備える、ダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルム。
[10]第1の半導体チップと、
前記第1の半導体チップを搭載する支持部材と、
前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記支持部材の間に設けられ、前記第1の半導体チップと前記支持部材とを接着する、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のフィルム状接着剤の硬化物と、
を備える、半導体装置。
[11]前記第1の半導体チップの表面上に積層された、前記第1の半導体チップとは異なる第2の半導体チップをさらに備える、[10]に記載の半導体装置。
[12][9]に記載のダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルムの前記接着剤層を半導体ウェハに貼り付ける工程と、
前記接着剤層を貼り付けた前記半導体ウェハを切断することによって、複数の個片化された接着剤片付き半導体チップを作製する工程と、
前記接着剤片付き半導体チップとして、第1の半導体チップ及び第1の接着剤片を有する第1の接着剤片付き半導体チップを支持部材に前記第1の接着剤片を介して接着する工程と、
を備える、半導体装置の製造方法。
[13]前記第1の接着剤片付き半導体チップにおける前記第1の接着剤片を100~180℃、15~60分の条件で熱硬化させる工程と、
前記第1の半導体チップと前記支持部材とをボンディングワイヤで電気的に接続する工程と、
をさらに備える、[12]に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
[14]前記接着剤片付き半導体チップとして、第2の半導体チップ及び第2の接着剤片を有する第2の接着剤片付き半導体チップを、前記支持部材に接着された前記第1の接着剤片付き半導体チップにおける前記第1の半導体チップの表面に、前記第2の接着剤片を介して接着する工程をさらに備える、[12]に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
[15]前記第1の接着剤片付き半導体チップにおける前記第1の接着剤片、及び、前記第2の接着剤片付き半導体チップにおける前記第2の接着剤片を100~180℃、15~60分の条件で熱硬化させる工程と、
前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記第2の半導体チップと前記支持部材とをボンディングワイヤで電気的に接続する工程と、
をさらに備える、[14]に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
[16]第1の半導体チップと支持部材との間、又は、第1半導体チップと前記第1の半導体チップと異なる第2の半導体チップとの間に、請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム状接着剤を介在させ、前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記支持部材、又は、前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記第2の半導体チップを接着させる工程を備える、半導体装置の製造方法。
[17]前記フィルム状接着剤を100~180℃、15~60分の条件で熱硬化させる工程と、
前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記第2の半導体チップと前記支持部材とをボンディングワイヤで電気的に接続する工程と、
をさらに備える、[16]に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
図1は、フィルム状接着剤の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。図1に示されるフィルム状接着剤1(接着剤フィルム)は、熱硬化性であってよく、半硬化(Bステージ)状態を経て、硬化処理後に完全硬化(Cステージ)状態となり得るものであってよい。
・(A1)成分:エポキシ樹脂
(A1)成分は、分子内にエポキシ基を有するものであれば、特に制限なく用いることができる。(A1)成分としては、例えば、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂;ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂;ビスフェノールS型エポキシ樹脂;フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;ビスフェノールAノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;ビスフェノールFノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;スチルベン型エポキシ樹脂;トリアジン骨格含有エポキシ樹脂;フルオレン骨格含有エポキシ樹脂;トリフェノールメタン型エポキシ樹脂;ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂;キシリレン型エポキシ樹脂;ビフェニルアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂;ナフタレン型エポキシ樹脂;多官能フェノール類、アントラセン等の多環芳香族類のジグリシジルエーテル化合物などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、(A1)成分は、フィルムのタック性、柔軟性等の観点から、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、又はビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂を含んでいてもよい。ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂は、比較的に軟化点が低く、軟化点が40℃以下であるものが多い。
(A2)成分は、(A1)成分の硬化剤として作用する成分、すなわち、エポキシ樹脂の硬化剤であり得る。フィルム状接着剤が(A2)成分を含有することによって、フィルム状接着剤が高架橋化し、硬化後の貯蔵弾性率を向上させることができる。
(B)成分としては、例えば、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ブタジエン樹脂;これら樹脂の変性体等が挙げられる。また、(B)成分としては、例えば、オルガノポリシロキサンを側鎖に有する重合体等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、(B)成分は、イオン性不純物が少なく耐熱性により優れること、半導体装置の接続信頼性をより確保し易いこと、流動性により優れることから、(メタ)アクリル酸エステルに由来する構成単位を主成分として有するアクリル樹脂(アクリルゴム)であってよい。(B)成分における(メタ)アクリル酸エステルに由来する構成単位の含有量は、構成単位全量を基準として、例えば、70質量%以上、80質量%以上、又は90質量%以上であってよい。アクリル樹脂(アクリルゴム)は、エポキシ基、アルコール性又はフェノール性水酸基、カルボキシル基等の架橋性官能基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステルに由来する構成単位を含むものであってよい。
フィルム状接着剤1は、(C)成分をさらに含有していてもよい。すなわち、フィルム状接着剤1は、(C)成分を含有する態様と(C)成分を実質的に含有しない態様とが存在し得る。
(D)成分は、シランカップリング剤であってよい。シランカップリング剤としては、例えば、γ-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-フェニルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-(2-アミノエチル)アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
(E)成分としては、例えば、イミダゾール類及びその誘導体、有機リン系化合物、第二級アミン類、第三級アミン類、第四級アンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、反応性の観点から(E)成分はイミダゾール類及びその誘導体であってもよい。
図4は、ダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルムの一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。図4に示されるダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルム10は、基材層2と、粘着剤層3と、上記のフィルム状接着剤1からなる接着剤層1Aとをこの順に備える。基材層2及び粘着剤層3は、ダイシングフィルム4であり得る。このようなダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルム10を用いると、半導体ウェハへのラミネート工程が1回となることから、作業の効率化が可能である。ダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルムは、フィルム状、シート状、テープ状等であってもよい。
図5は、半導体装置の一実施形態を示す模式断面図である。図5に示される半導体装置100は、半導体チップ11(第1の半導体チップ)と、半導体チップ11を搭載する支持部材12と、接着部材15とを備えている。接着部材15は、半導体チップ11及び支持部材12の間に設けられ、半導体チップ11と支持部材12とを接着している。接着部材15は、接着剤組成物の硬化物(フィルム状接着剤の硬化物)である。半導体チップ11の接続端子(図示せず)はボンディングワイヤ13を介して外部接続端子(図示せず)と電気的に接続され、封止材14によって封止されている。
図5、図6、及び図7に示される半導体装置(半導体パッケージ)は、半導体チップ(第1の半導体チップ)と支持部材との間、又は、半導体チップ(第1の半導体チップ)と半導体チップ(第2の半導体チップ)との間に上記のフィルム状接着剤を介在させ、半導体チップ(第1の半導体チップ)及び支持部材、又は、半導体チップ(第1の半導体チップ)及び半導体チップ(第2の半導体チップ)を接着させる工程を備える方法によって得ることができる。より具体的には、半導体チップと支持部材との間、又は、半導体チップ(第1の半導体チップ)と半導体チップ(第2の半導体チップ)との間に上記のフィルム状接着剤を介在させ、これらを加熱圧着して両者を接着させ、その後、必要に応じて、熱硬化工程、ワイヤボンディング工程、封止材による封止工程、はんだによるリフローを含む加熱溶融工程等を経ることによって得ることができる。
(実施例1~4及び比較例1、2)
<接着剤ワニスの調製>
表1に示す成分及び含有量(単位:質量部)で、(A)成分((A1)成分及び(A2)成分)、並びに(C)成分からなる混合物にシクロヘキサノンを加え、撹拌混合した。これに、表1に示す成分及び含有量(単位:質量部)で、(B)成分を加えて撹拌し、さらに(D)成分及び(E)成分を加えて、各成分が均一になるまで撹拌して、実施例1~4及び比較例1、2の接着剤ワニスを調製した。なお、表1に示す各成分は下記のものを意味し、表1に示す数値は溶媒等を除いた成分(固形分)の質量部を意味する。
・(A1)成分:エポキシ樹脂
(A1a-1)EXA830-CRP(商品名、DIC株式会社製、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ当量:155~163g/eq、軟化点:40℃以下、30℃で液状)
(A1b-1)N-500P-10(商品名、DIC株式会社製、o-クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ当量:204g/eq、軟化点:75~85℃、30℃で固形)
(A1b-2)HP-4710(商品名、DIC株式会社製、ナフタレン型エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ当量:170g/eq、軟化点:95℃、30℃で固形)
(A2-1)PSM-4326(商品名、群栄化学工業株式会社製、ノボラック型フェノール樹脂、水酸基当量:105g/eq、軟化点:120℃)
(A2-2)MEH-7800M(商品名、明和化学株式会社製、フェノールノボラック型フェノール樹脂、水酸基当量:175g/eq、軟化点:61~90℃)
(B-1)SG-P3(商品名、ナガセケムテックス株式会社製、アクリルゴム、重量平均分子量:80万、Tg:12℃)
(C-1)シリカフィラー分散液(CIKナノテック株式会社製、シリカフィラー、平均粒径:0.10μm)
(C-2)SC2050-HLG(商品名、アドマテックス株式会社製、シリカフィラー分散液、平均粒径:0.50μm)
(C-3)R972(商品名、日本アエロジル株式会社製、シリカ、平均粒径0.016μm)
(D-1)Z-6119(商品名、ダウ・東レ株式会社製、γ-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン)
(D-2)A-189(商品名、日本ユニカー株式会社製、γ-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン)
(E-1)2PZ-T(商品名、四国化成工業株式会社製、2-フェニルイミダゾール)
(E-2)2PZ-CN(商品名、四国化成工業株式会社製、1-シアノエチル-2-フェニルイミダゾール)
実施例1~4及び比較例1、2の接着剤ワニスを100メッシュのフィルターでろ過し、真空脱泡した。支持フィルムとして、厚さ38μmの離型処理を施したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルムを用意し、真空脱泡後の接着剤ワニスをPETフィルム上に塗布した。塗布した接着剤ワニスを、90℃で5分、続いて140℃で5分加熱乾燥し、Bステージ状態にある実施例1~4及び比較例1、2のフィルム状接着剤を得た。実施例1~4及び比較例1、2のフィルム状接着剤においては、接着剤ワニスの塗布量によって、フィルム状接着剤の厚さが5μmになるように調整した。
<薄膜形成性の評価>
実施例1~4及び比較例1、2のフィルム状接着剤の塗工面を目視で確認し、ブツ、ヌケ、スジ等の不具合の有無で評価した。不具合が確認されなかったものを「A」、不具合が確認されたものを「B」と評価した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1~4及び比較例1、2のフィルム状接着剤を、アルミパン(株式会社エポリードサービス製)に10±0.5mg秤量し、アルミ蓋を被せ、クリンパを用いて評価サンプルをサンプルパン内に密閉した。示差走査熱量計(Thermo plus DSC8235E、株式会社リガク製)を使用し、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度10℃/min、測定温度範囲30~300℃でDSCを測定した。発熱量の解析手段としては、全面積の解析方法を用いた。各DSC曲線の30℃~300℃の温度範囲で解析指示することにより、解析温度範囲のベースライン指定、及び、ピーク面積の積分を行うことで発熱量(単位:J/g)を算出した。オンセット温度の解析手段としては、全面積の解析手法を用い、30℃~300℃の温度範囲で解析指示することにより、各DSC曲線における発熱ピークのベースラインと最大傾斜点との交点を算出し、オンセット温度(単位:℃)を求めた。オンセット温度の解析手段としては、発熱ピークの最大点を求め、ピーク温度(単位:℃)を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1~4及び比較例1、2のフィルム状接着剤を用いて、硬化後の貯蔵弾性率を測定した。硬化後の貯蔵弾性率は、以下の方法で測定した。すなわち、厚さ5μmのフィルム状接着剤を複数積層することによって厚さを20μm以上とし、これを幅4mm×長さ20mm以上のサイズにすることによって測定用の試料を作製した。作製した試料を140℃、30分の条件で硬化させた後、硬化後の試料(硬化物)を動的粘弾性測定装置(Rheogel E-4000、株式会社ユービーエム製)にセットし、引張荷重をかけて、チャック間距離20mm、周波数10Hz、及び昇温速度3℃/分の条件で室温(25℃)~300℃まで測定する温度依存性測定モードにて、動的粘弾性を測定し、150℃のときの貯蔵弾性率の値を読み取り、その値を150℃における貯蔵弾性率とした。表1に結果を示す。150℃における貯蔵弾性率は、数値が大きい(例えば、50MPa以上)ほど、薄膜化による半導体チップの脆さをカバーすることができ、結果として、チップクラックの発生を抑制することが可能となることを意味する。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (17)
- 熱硬化性樹脂成分と、エラストマーとを含有するフィルム状接着剤であって、
昇温速度10℃/分及び測定温度範囲30~300℃の条件で示差走査熱量測定を実施して得られる前記フィルム状接着剤のDSC曲線において、当該DSC曲線で観測される発熱ピークのオンセット温度が165℃以下であり、ピーク温度が185℃以下であり、かつ発熱量が90J/g以上である、
フィルム状接着剤。 - 無機フィラーをさらに含有していてもよく、
前記無機フィラーの含有量が、フィルム状接着剤の全量を基準として、0~25質量%である、
請求項1に記載のフィルム状接着剤。 - 前記熱硬化性樹脂成分がエポキシ樹脂を含む、
請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム状接着剤。 - 前記熱硬化性樹脂成分がフェノール樹脂をさらに含む、
請求項3に記載のフィルム状接着剤。 - 前記フィルム状接着剤の厚さが1~15μmである、
請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム状接着剤。 - 前記フィルム状接着剤を140℃、30分の条件で硬化させたときの硬化物の150℃における貯蔵弾性率が80MPa以上である、
請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム状接着剤。 - 複数の半導体チップを積層してなる半導体装置の製造プロセスに用いられる、
請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム状接着剤。 - 前記半導体装置が三次元NAND型メモリである、
請求項7に記載のフィルム状接着剤。 - 基材層と、粘着剤層と、請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム状接着剤からなる接着剤層とをこの順に備える、
ダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルム。 - 第1の半導体チップと、
前記第1の半導体チップを搭載する支持部材と、
前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記支持部材の間に設けられ、前記第1の半導体チップと前記支持部材とを接着する、請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム状接着剤の硬化物と、
を備える、
半導体装置。 - 前記第1の半導体チップの表面上に積層された、前記第1の半導体チップとは異なる第2の半導体チップをさらに備える、
請求項10に記載の半導体装置。 - 請求項9に記載のダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルムの前記接着剤層を半導体ウェハに貼り付ける工程と、
前記接着剤層を貼り付けた前記半導体ウェハを切断することによって、複数の個片化された接着剤片付き半導体チップを作製する工程と、
前記接着剤片付き半導体チップとして、第1の半導体チップ及び第1の接着剤片を有する第1の接着剤片付き半導体チップを支持部材に前記第1の接着剤片を介して接着する工程と、
を備える、
半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1の接着剤片付き半導体チップにおける前記第1の接着剤片を100~180℃、15~60分の条件で熱硬化させる工程と、
前記第1の半導体チップと前記支持部材とをボンディングワイヤで電気的に接続する工程と、
をさらに備える、
請求項12に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記接着剤片付き半導体チップとして、第2の半導体チップ及び第2の接着剤片を有する第2の接着剤片付き半導体チップを、前記支持部材に接着された前記第1の接着剤片付き半導体チップにおける前記第1の半導体チップの表面に、前記第2の接着剤片を介して接着する工程をさらに備える、
請求項12に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1の接着剤片付き半導体チップにおける前記第1の接着剤片、及び、前記第2の接着剤片付き半導体チップにおける前記第2の接着剤片を100~180℃、15~60分の条件で熱硬化させる工程と、
前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記第2の半導体チップと前記支持部材とをボンディングワイヤで電気的に接続する工程と、
をさらに備える、
請求項14に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 第1の半導体チップと支持部材との間、又は、第1の半導体チップと前記第1の半導体チップと異なる第2の半導体チップとの間に、請求項1又は2に記載のフィルム状接着剤を介在させ、前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記支持部材、又は、前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記第2の半導体チップを接着させる工程を備える、
半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記フィルム状接着剤を100~180℃、15~60分の条件で熱硬化させる工程と、
前記第1の半導体チップ及び前記第2の半導体チップと前記支持部材とをボンディングワイヤで電気的に接続する工程と、
をさらに備える、
請求項16に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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| JP2013010849A (ja) * | 2011-06-29 | 2013-01-17 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | 半導体用接着部材、それを用いたダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型接着部材及び半導体装置の製造方法 |
| JP2021143299A (ja) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-24 | 株式会社コバヤシ | 繊維強化複合材料製造用硬化性樹脂組成物 |
| WO2023152837A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-08-17 | 株式会社レゾナック | フィルム状接着剤、ダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルム、並びに半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2026058939A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-13 | 2026-03-19 | 株式会社レゾナック | フィルム状接着剤、ダイシング・ダイボンディング一体型フィルム、並びに半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR20250159195A (ko) | 2025-11-10 |
| JPWO2024190881A1 (ja) | 2024-09-19 |
| TW202442744A (zh) | 2024-11-01 |
| US20250293077A1 (en) | 2025-09-18 |
| CN119110836A (zh) | 2024-12-10 |
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