WO2024194552A1 - Matelas de fibres végétales à base de fibres de bois - Google Patents
Matelas de fibres végétales à base de fibres de bois Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024194552A1 WO2024194552A1 PCT/FR2024/050297 FR2024050297W WO2024194552A1 WO 2024194552 A1 WO2024194552 A1 WO 2024194552A1 FR 2024050297 W FR2024050297 W FR 2024050297W WO 2024194552 A1 WO2024194552 A1 WO 2024194552A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- wood
- mattress
- plant
- wood fibers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
- B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B2001/742—Use of special materials; Materials having special structures or shape
- E04B2001/745—Vegetal products, e.g. plant stems, barks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of construction materials, and more particularly to construction materials intended to provide thermal and/or acoustic insulation.
- Building materials account for a significant share of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
- the materials intended for insulation that consume the most energy are mineral wools.
- Manufacturers of building materials intended for insulation are seeking to reduce the ecological impact of insulation materials.
- Insulating mattresses made of plant fibers containing wood fibers are known.
- the forests from which it is possible to harvest wood for the production of these insulating mattresses have the advantage of being distributed throughout the territory, so that this makes it possible to install the defibering and insulating mattress production plants as close as possible to the forests in order to be part of a circular economy context.
- thermal binding fibers which ensure that the fibers hold together in relation to each other once all of these fibers have passed through an oven, but the use of these thermal binding fibers, comprising plastic materials, must be controlled to ensure that the panels of insulating materials produced are the most bio-sourced products possible.
- the present invention takes into account these notions of circular economy and bio-sourced products, aiming to propose in this dual context an insulating product which has low thermal conductivity values.
- the present invention relates to a mattress of plant fibers characterized in that it comprises wood fibers from woody plants and joined together by means of thermobinding fibers, the thermobinding fibers having a decitex less than or equal to 1.7 dtex.
- the wood fibers of the plant fiber mattress according to the invention can be obtained using different woody plants such as, for example, Douglas fir, beech, poplar, willow or even spruce.
- the wood fibers are bonded to each other by means of thermally bonding fibers.
- These thermally bonding fibers have a rigid core and a more flexible sheath.
- the core and the sheath have distinct melting temperatures. More precisely, the core has a melting temperature higher than the melting temperature of the sheath.
- the mixture of thermally bonding fibers and plant fibers is intended to be heated in an oven to a temperature such that the sheath melts and binds with the adjacent plant fibers in contact with the sheath while the structure of the core is not altered.
- thermobinding fibers ensure on the one hand the joining of the plant fibers with each other by means of the sheath, and on the other hand a mechanical role by offering mechanical resistance to the plant fiber mat by means of the rigid core.
- thermobinding fibers are mixed with the plant fibers in a percentage sufficient to obtain suitable adhesion of the plant fibers with each other but sufficiently low so as not to limit the insulating properties of the plant fiber mat.
- the decitex of the thermobinding fibers is a known parameter that defines the fineness of said thermobinding fibers. It should be noted that this parameter defines the fineness of the thermobinding fibers before they are placed in an oven and partially melted. The decitex of the thermobinding fibers must thus be measured prior to mixing the plant fibers and the thermobinding fibers, or at least prior to placing the mixture in an oven.
- the inventors have demonstrated that, in a context where it is sought to use a maximum of biosourced elements, the thermal binding fibers with a low decitex make it possible to reduce the mass of thermal binding fibers relative to the mass of the plant fiber mattress, without limiting the strength of the plant fibers relative to each other thanks to these thermal binding fibers and therefore ensuring that thermal bridges are not created between the plant fibers and do not degrade the thermal insulation properties.
- thermobinding fibers having a low decitex are finer, for the same fiber length, than thermobinding fibers having a higher decitex.
- thermobinding fibers mixed with wood fibers are able to insert themselves better between wood fibers. neighbors and therefore to be better distributed over the entire volume of the plant fiber mattress.
- the inventors were able to determine by appropriate tests that the mixture of wood fibers from woody plants and thermal binding fibers with a lower decitex than usual, and in particular less than 1.7, allows the production of a mattress with a high content of bio-sourced products and particularly suitable for the insulation of buildings, and in particular for the interior insulation of these buildings.
- the mattress of plant fibers in accordance with the invention has a thermal conductivity of less than 37 mW/m/K at 10°C.
- the thermal binding fibers have a decitex less than or equal to 1.5 dtex. From this value, the processes to be implemented to obtain such fine thermal binding fibers are complex, but the inventors have been able to note that the thermal conductivity of an insulating material using such fine thermal binding fibers is reduced and can tend towards thermal conductivity values less than or equal to 37 mW/m/K at 10°C.
- the wood fibers come from resinous woody plants.
- the wood fibers can come from Douglas fir or spruce.
- the plant fiber mattress comprises at least 50% wood fibers from woody plants.
- the plant fiber mat comprises adjuvant fibers from agriculture.
- These adjuvant fibers may comprise a significantly lower lignin content than the lignin content of the wood fibers, in particular to give additional flexibility to the plant fiber mat consisting of the wood fibers and the adjuvant fibers.
- these adjuvant fibers may consist of hemp or flax fibers.
- the plant fiber mattress comprises at least 80% wood fibers and at most 20% adjuvant fibers.
- the plant fiber mat comprises at most 10% of thermal binding fibers. It is understood that here and in the following, the percentage of thermal binding fibers is a mass percentage, that is to say representative of the mass of the thermal binding fibers relative to the mass of the plant fiber mat considered.
- the plant fiber mattress comprises between 2% and 5% of thermal binding fibers.
- the plant fiber mattress comprises at least 95% fibers and at most 5% additives.
- the additives comprise at least additives characterized by their flame retardant properties.
- the fibers comprise both wood fibers and thermobinding fibers.
- at least 95% of the fibers are wood fibers.
- the plant fiber mattress comprises approximately 92% wood fibers, approximately 4% thermobinding fibers and 4% additives.
- the plant fiber mattress comprises approximately 93% wood fibers, approximately 4% thermobinding fibers and 3% additives.
- the wood fibers from woody plants have a cellulose content of between 30 and 60 kg.100 kg 1 of dry matter and a lignin content of between 18 and 30 kg.100 kg 1 of dry matter.
- the lignin and cellulose content of these wood fibers is measured from dry matter.
- the dry matter considered here is obtained by drying in a ventilated oven products from woody plants, for example wood residues, from which the plant fibers are obtained. In this ventilated oven, the products from woody plants are heated to approximately 105°C until a constant mass is obtained in the oven. This constant mass is commonly called the reference mass and the levels of cellulose, lignin and other components are expressed from this reference mass.
- the oven referred to here is a separate oven from the oven for heating the mixture of thermobinding fibers and wood fibers within the mattress.
- the inventors were able to observe through appropriate tests that wood fibers which have lignin contents and cellulose contents as mentioned are particularly suitable for their use within plant fiber mattresses for insulation products.
- the plant fiber mattress according to the invention can be obtained using different woody plants such as, for example, Douglas fir, beech, poplar, willow or spruce.
- the wood fibers from woody plants have a cellulose content of between 41.2 and 56.4 kg. 100 kg 1 of dry matter and a lignin content of between 23.7 and 28.1 kg. 100 kg' 1 of dry matter.
- the inventors were able to demonstrate that the plant fibers originating more particularly from Douglas fir wood had characteristics, in terms of structure, which were more interesting for obtaining a plant fiber mattress in accordance with the invention whose thermal conductivity is low.
- the plant fiber mattress is formed from a mixture of wood fibers with at least two types of wood fibers from different woody plants, provided that at least 50% of the fibers present In the plant fiber mattress are wood fibers from woody plants.
- At least 70% of the wood fibers have a diameter less than or equal to 100 pm.
- At least 60% of the wood fibers have a diameter of less than 70(im.
- At least 45% of the wood fibers have a diameter of less than 50 (im.
- the aim is to reduce the quantity of wood fibres whose diameter is considered too large.
- the aim is thus to avoid as much as possible the presence, in the plant fibre mattress, of wood fibres whose excessively large diameter penalises the overall insulation performance of the mattress.
- What is sought here is a distribution of wood fibers whose diameter is centered around a target value, with few wood fibers that have a diameter below a low threshold, here 30 ⁇ m, to prevent part of the wood fiber from being in powder form, in particular due to a production process where excessive cooking and too much pressure from fiberizing disks are applied, and at the same time with few wood fibers which have a diameter greater than a high threshold, here 70pm, for the reasons previously mentioned.
- the inventors were able to observe that the thermal conductivity value of a plant fiber mattress according to the invention was all the lower, and therefore of interest in an application to building insulation, when the grain size of the wood fibers present in the mattress complied with certain values.
- the desired thermal conductivity values at least less than 0.037 W/m/K, it is sought to have at least 60% of the wood fibers having a diameter less than or equal to 70 microns.
- the large quantity of fine wood fibers resulting from this grain size allows good thermal conductivity of the finished product, in particular due to the average fineness of the wood fiber and due to the homogeneity of fineness between the wood fibers and the thermally bonding fibers.
- thermal binding fibres i.e. thermal binding fibres with a low decitex
- wood fibres Having a homogeneity between the fineness of the thermal binding fibres, i.e. thermal binding fibres with a low decitex, and the fineness of the wood fibres allows a good mixture of all the fibres, it being understood that a non-homogeneous distribution favours local clusters of thermal binding fibres which implies an absence of these thermal binding fibres in other areas of the mattress and therefore wood fibres likely to be in contact with each other and to create a thermal bridge which is bad for the thermal conductivity value of the finished product.
- the particle size as claimed both the fact that at least a given percentage of wood fibers has a diameter less than a threshold value and the fact that at least 60% of the wood fibers have a diameter between 30 ⁇ m and 70 ⁇ m, can in particular be ensured by appropriate parameterization of the cooking of the fibers and appropriate parameterization of the pressure of the fiberizing disks used after cooking to give them the appropriate shape.
- the characteristic of the diameter of the wood fibers is particularly considered but that it is possible that these characteristics are combined with other characteristics relating to the dimension of the wood fibers, such as their length.
- At least 85% of the wood fibers have a length less than or equal to 5000 pm.
- At least 40% of the wood fibers have a length of less than 2000 pm.
- the plant fiber mattress has a thickness greater than 20 mm.
- the plant fiber mattress has a thickness of at least 40 mm.
- the thickness of the plant fiber mattress which is to be considered here is the nominal thickness of the mattress, that is to say the thickness which can be observed by the user when using the product for the purposes of insulating a building in particular.
- the plant fiber mat according to the invention is obtained by passing through an oven, configured at a determined cooking temperature, a mat of plant fibers, previously constituted, if necessary on a conveyor device directing the mat of plant fibers towards the oven, by a mixture of wood fibers entangled with each other, and binding elements intended to bind the wood fibers together during passage through the oven.
- the plant fiber mattress has a volume density of between 20kg.m' 3 and 80kg.m' 3 . More particularly, the plant fiber mattress has a volume density of between 40kg.m' 3 and 60kg.m' 3 .
- the thermal bonding fibers have a length less than or equal to 6 mm.
- the thermal binding fibers comprise at least polyethylene.
- the plant fiber mattress has a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 37 mW/m/K at 10°C.
- the plant fiber mattress has a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 37 mW/m/K at 10°C.
- FIG.l schematically represents a general view of a mattress of plant fibers in accordance with the present invention
- FIG.2 represents a table illustrating a distribution of wood fibers, in the mattress of plant fibers according to their length
- FIG.3 represents a table illustrating the distribution of wood fibers in the mattress of plant fibers according to their diameter; [0053] [Fig.4] represents a local view of the wood fibers and the thermobinding fibers present within the plant fiber mattress represented by figure 1.
- Figure 1 shows a plant fiber mat 1 according to the present invention.
- the plant fiber mat 1 is formed from a plurality of plant fibers entangled with each other and from thermally bonding fibers allowing the plant fibers to be held in the final product.
- these plant fibers are wood fibers 2 from woody plants, for example produced by forestry.
- the wood fibers 2 used for the manufacture of the plant fiber mattress 1 are obtained after passing through a defibering unit.
- these wood fibers can be obtained from residues from the forestry industry or from untreated wood waste.
- This wood can come from broadleaf woody plants, for example, poplar (populus sp.), beech (fagus sylvatica L.), or willow (salix sp.), or resinous woody plants such as Douglas fir (pseudo tsuga sp.) or spruce (picea sp.).
- poplar populus sp.
- beech fagus sylvatica L.
- willow salix sp.
- resinous woody plants such as Douglas fir (pseudo tsuga sp.) or spruce (picea sp.).
- wood fibers from resinous woody plants, and more particularly from Douglas fir wood offcuts.
- Douglas fir like other woods of interest such as spruce or beech, has a cellulose content of between 30 and 60 kg per 100 kg of dry matter, commonly written "kg.100kg' 1 MS", and a lignin content of between 18 and 30 kg.100kg' 1 MS.
- the inventors were able, by means of suitable tests, to note that the wood fibers from these ligneous plants of interest have a structure making it possible to obtain, in combination with the presence of thermobinding fibers, and more particularly thermobinding fibers of a given thickness, plant fiber mattresses 1 whose insulating properties are optimal.
- woods which have structural characteristics close to Douglas fir were ideal for providing wood fibers capable of forming a plant fiber mat 1 whose insulating properties are optimal. These woods have a cellulose content of between 41.2 and 56.4 kg. 100kg' 1 MS and a lignin content of between 23.7 and 28.1 kg. 100kg 1 MS.
- the plant fiber mat 1 is, according to the invention, formed of at least 50% wood fibers 2 from woody plants as previously mentioned.
- the plant fiber mat 1 may comprise adjuvant fibers, not shown here.
- These adjuvant fibers may be fibers from agriculture such as hemp fibers (Cannabis sativa L.), kenaf fibers (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) or flax fibers (Linum usitatissimum).
- These adjuvant fibers have in particular the characteristic of having a greater length and a lower lignin content than the fibers plant fibers 2 from forestry in accordance with the present invention.
- This lower lignin content of the adjuvant fibers compared to the plant fibers makes it possible to provide the plant fiber mattress 1 with greater flexibility compared to a plant fiber mattress without adjuvant fibers.
- the plant fiber mattress 1 comprises 80% Douglas wood fibers and 20% hemp fibers.
- the fiberizing unit is a device for forming wood fibers 2 from wood residues obtained, for example in the form of untreated wood scraps in sawmills. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the fiberizing unit is advantageously configured to obtain wood fibers whose median diameter is approximately 55 ⁇ m and the median length of the wood fibers is approximately 2500 ⁇ m.
- Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the distribution of wood fibers from Douglas fir within a plant fiber mat 1 in accordance with the invention, for a sample of given dimensions, and for which it has been proven that it provides thermal conductivity of less than 37 mW/m/K.
- Figure 2 illustrates the cumulative distribution DC of wood fibers as a function of their length LF.
- Each cumulative distribution value DC illustrates the percentage of wood fibers, within a given sample, that have a length less than a given dimension.
- FIG. 2 illustrates, in a first box C1, that 5.5% of the wood fibers present in a given sample of a plant fiber mat according to the invention have a length LF less than or equal to 200 pm.
- a second box C2 it can be seen that 22% of the wood fibers present in this same given sample of a plant fiber mat according to the invention have a length LF less than or equal to 1000 pm.
- the tests that could be carried out by the inventors on this sample show, by studying the values of the cumulative distribution DC, that at least 44% of the wood fibers forming a mat of plant fibers 1 in accordance with the invention have a length of at most 2000 pm.
- 85.5% of the wood fibers have a length LF of at most 5000 pm.
- a plant fibre mat in accordance with the invention can comprise at least 60% of wood fibres whose length is less than or equal to 3000 ⁇ m.
- Figure 2 also makes it possible to highlight ranges of values of wood fiber dimensions, here their length, the most represented within the plant fiber mattress 1. More specifically, the increase in the cumulative distribution DC between a given first length of wood fibres LF, for example ⁇ 2000 pm, a given second length of wood fibres LF, for example ⁇ 3500 pm, and a given third length of wood fibres LF, for example ⁇ 5000 pm, makes it possible to highlight the fact that there are more wood fibres, here Douglas fir, which have a length between 2000 pm and 3500 pm, knowing that they represent approximately 24% of the total mass of plant fibres present in the mattress, than Douglas fir fibres which have a length between 3500 pm and 5000 pm, knowing that they represent approximately 17.5% of the total mass of plant fibres present in the mattress.
- Douglas fir which have a length between 2000 pm and 3500 pm, knowing that they represent approximately 24% of the total mass of plant fibres present in the mattress
- Douglas fir fibres which have a length between 3500 pm and 5000 pm, knowing that they
- Figure 3 reports the same test as that highlighted in Figure 2, this time taking into account the diameter of the wood fibers DF.
- Each cumulative distribution value DC illustrates the percentage of wood fibers, within a given sample, that have a diameter less than a given dimension.
- the values combined in FIG. 3 successively illustrate that 2.5% of the wood fibers present in a given sample of a plant fiber mat according to the invention have a diameter DF less than or equal to 30 ⁇ m, that 22.5% of the wood fibers present in this sample have a diameter DF less than or equal to 40 ⁇ m, that 47.5% of the fibers present in a given sample of a plant fiber mat according to the invention have a diameter DF less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m, that 64.5% of the wood fibers present in this sample have a diameter DF less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m, and that 73.5% of the wood fibers present in this sample have a diameter DF less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
- the tests which were able to be carried out by the inventors on this sample show, by studying the values of the cumulative distribution DC, that at least 73.5% of the wood fibers 2, here Douglas wood fibers, have a diameter less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m and at least 64.5% of these wood fibers 2 have a diameter DF less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m.
- a wood fibre mat in accordance with the invention can comprise at least 60% of fibres whose diameter DF is less than or equal to 70 ⁇ m and at least 50% of fibres whose diameter DF is between 50 ⁇ m and 55 ⁇ m.
- the wood fiber mat 1 is formed from an interweaving of plant fibers, and more particularly wood fibers. These wood fibers 2 are, as visible in FIG. 4, secured to each other by means of dry binding elements. These binding elements are more particularly formed by thermal binding fibers 3.
- the plant fiber mattress 1 is obtained by means of a manufacturing installation in which the wood fibers 2 are mixed with the thermobinding fibers 3 so as to obtain a thermobinding fiber content which is less than 10%, preferably between 2% and 5%.
- the mixture of wood fibers 2 and thermobinding fibers 3, obtained according to the contents just mentioned, is blown into a manufacturing facility and then sucked against a conveyor in order to form a carpet of wood fibers. This carpet of wood fibers is then heated in an oven to form the plant fiber mat 1.
- the plant fiber mat can be cut into insulating panels of different sizes or rolled up and compressed for storage.
- the thermobonding fibers 3 are formed of a core 31 and a sheath 32.
- the core 31 forms a rigid part of the thermobonding fibers 3 participating in providing the straw fiber mat 1 with mechanical resistance, while the sheath 32 ensures the joining of the plant fibers 2 with each other.
- the core 31 and the sheath 32 have different melting temperatures, and more precisely the sheath 32 has a lower melting temperature than the core 31.
- the temperature within the oven is such that the sheath 32 melts to bathe the adjacent wood fibers, the assembly solidifying as it cools at the outlet of the oven so as to secure these wood fibers to each other.
- the melting temperature of the core 31 is designed so that, despite the passage through the oven of a wood fiber mat consisting of the mixture of wood fibers and binder, the core 31 retains its rigid property helping to ensure mechanical strength to the plant fiber mattress 1 after the oven.
- the wood fibers 2 and the thermobonding fibers 3 are heated so that the wood fibers 2 become solid with each other. At least the passage in the oven, and if necessary a subsequent compression and a cutting before conditioning, transforms the carpet of wood fibers into a mattress of plant fibers in accordance with the invention.
- the plant fiber mat has a thickness of at least 20 mm and preferably greater than 40 mm. This thickness is considered after the passage of the wood fiber mat in the oven.
- the sheath 32 of the thermally bonding fibers 3 is formed of polyethylene and the core 31 is also formed of polyethylene.
- the core 31 of the thermally bonding fibers can be formed of a polyester, and more precisely of polyethylene terephthalate.
- Polyethylene has the advantage of easily bonding to plant fibers, which makes it a good candidate for forming the sheath 32 of the thermally bonding fibers.
- the plant fiber mattress 1 being able to be obtained by a manufacturing installation different, for example a manufacturing installation in which the wood fibres 2 and the binding elements are mechanically deposited on a conveyor and then directed towards an oven so as to form the mat of plant fibres 1.
- thermobinding fibers 3 the content of the plant fiber mattress 1 in thermobinding fibers 3 and the structure of said thermobinding fibers 3 remain identical.
- thermobonding fibers are characterized in particular by their fineness. This fineness is expressed in decitex, commonly defined by the mass in grams of ten thousand meters of this thermobonding fiber 3. According to the invention, the thermobonding fibers 3 have a fineness less than or equal to 1.7dtex, preferably less than or equal to 1.5dtex. Such fineness of the thermobonding fibers 3 allows a better distribution of these thermobonding fibers within the mattress, between the wood fibers, which is more effective for gluing and fixing the position of the wood fibers relative to each other.
- the thermal binding fibers 3 have a length, taking into account manufacturing tolerances, of approximately 6 mm, which can allow, in addition to the previously mentioned fineness, a better distribution of the thermal binding fibers within the plant fiber mat 1. It should be noted that this length of the thermal binding fibers can more particularly be less than or equal to 6 mm.
- thermobonding fibers is particularly interesting here insofar as it is complementary to the fineness of the wood fibers, evoked by the fact that at least 60% of the plant fibers have a diameter of less than 70 microns, which makes it possible to obtain a good mixture of the two types of fibers. present in the mattress and a homogeneous distribution of the thermal binding fibres between the wood fibres, which allows good fixation of the wood fibres and the regular formation of air pockets allowing the thermal conductivity value to be reduced to the desired values for application to building insulation.
- the various elements presented to participate in the formation of the plant fiber mattress 1 make it possible to obtain such a mattress whose volume density is between 20 kg.m' 3 and 80 kg.m' 3 and with, as mentioned above, a thickness of at least 20 mm.
- Such a plant fiber mattress has a thermal conductivity less than or equal to 37 mW/m/K at 10°C, making it possible to provide optimal insulation properties to a construction material.
- the invention as just described achieves the goal it set for itself by proposing a mattress of plant fibers whose thermal insulation performance is optimized by means of a composition and a distribution of dimensions of the particular plant fibers, namely wood fibers and for example products from forestry, within the mattress of plant fibers.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24716435.3A EP4680814A1 (fr) | 2023-03-17 | 2024-03-12 | Matelas de fibres végétales à base de fibres de bois |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2302519A FR3146612A1 (fr) | 2023-03-17 | 2023-03-17 | Matelas de fibres végétales à base de fibres de bois. |
| FRFR2302519 | 2023-03-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024194552A1 true WO2024194552A1 (fr) | 2024-09-26 |
Family
ID=86942733
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2024/050297 Ceased WO2024194552A1 (fr) | 2023-03-17 | 2024-03-12 | Matelas de fibres végétales à base de fibres de bois |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4680814A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3146612A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024194552A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000328417A (ja) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-11-28 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 植物繊維マット及びパルプビーズ及びパルプビーズの製造方法 |
| US20220056623A1 (en) * | 2018-12-23 | 2022-02-24 | Resolute Fp Canada, Inc. | Composite materials and methods for making the same |
-
2023
- 2023-03-17 FR FR2302519A patent/FR3146612A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-03-12 WO PCT/FR2024/050297 patent/WO2024194552A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-03-12 EP EP24716435.3A patent/EP4680814A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000328417A (ja) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-11-28 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 植物繊維マット及びパルプビーズ及びパルプビーズの製造方法 |
| US20220056623A1 (en) * | 2018-12-23 | 2022-02-24 | Resolute Fp Canada, Inc. | Composite materials and methods for making the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3146612A1 (fr) | 2024-09-20 |
| EP4680814A1 (fr) | 2026-01-21 |
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