WO2024200968A1 - Procede de tissage tridimensionnel avec sortie de fils - Google Patents
Procede de tissage tridimensionnel avec sortie de fils Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024200968A1 WO2024200968A1 PCT/FR2024/050397 FR2024050397W WO2024200968A1 WO 2024200968 A1 WO2024200968 A1 WO 2024200968A1 FR 2024050397 W FR2024050397 W FR 2024050397W WO 2024200968 A1 WO2024200968 A1 WO 2024200968A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- warp
- warp threads
- threads
- reference path
- texture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
- D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
- D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the three-dimensional weaving of woven textures using a Jacquard type loom, and in particular textures having thickness variations requiring thread outlets.
- a Jacquard type loom is conventionally used for producing textures by three-dimensional weaving between a plurality of layers of warp threads and a plurality of layers of weft threads. Such a loom is described in particular in document FR 3 074 195 A1, in the name of the applicant.
- the loom is equipped with a Jacquard mechanism.
- the loom also comprises a harness comprising control or heddle threads, each control thread being connected at one end to a control element of the Jacquard mechanism.
- Each control thread comprises an eyelet through which a warp thread passes.
- the control threads and their associated eyelet are capable of moving vertically.
- the control threads make it possible to lift certain warp threads and thus create a shed, i.e. an opening between lower and upper layers of warp threads. Said shed thus opened allows the introduction of a weft thread by means of a lance, said lance having a fixed vertical position.
- the lance comprises a rod which can be provided at its end with a clamp which grips a weft thread from a bobbin to place it through the opening between the layers of warp threads created by the shed, the weft thread being cut using a cutting tool after its positioning in the shed.
- the crossing of the warp threads to be taken out with the surface warp threads can generate friction and tensions, in particular when the warp threads to be taken out must pass through many layers of warp threads.
- the associated control thread eyelets can thus be poorly positioned in the harness and significant tensions can be generated in the control threads.
- a phenomenon of advance of the control threads can be observed, which results in a vertical misalignment of the control threads which engage in the comb of the loom.
- the friction and the stresses applied to the control threads can then cause regular interruptions of the weaving, or even a prolonged stoppage of the weaving.
- warp threads are poorly positioned in the harness, warp threads to be taken out can become blocked at the level of the layers of surface warp threads, and thus be woven by mistake.
- the present invention aims to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a weaving method allowing the production of woven textures by three-dimensional weaving comprising thread exits through layers of warp threads.
- the invention proposes a method for three-dimensional weaving of a texture between a plurality of layers of warp threads superimposed in a vertical direction and a plurality of weft threads extending in a horizontal direction, the weaving being carried out by means of a loom comprising a plurality of control threads, a first end of each control thread being connected to a Jacquard mechanism capable of moving the control threads in the vertical direction between a neutral position and at least one position of opening of the warp threads, each control thread being further provided with an eyelet crossed by a warp thread, the loom further comprising at least one lance present downstream of the control threads capable of crossing the loom according to a
- the method further comprises at least one warp thread output step comprising:
- a plurality of layers of underlying warp threads are intended to be taken out of the texture beyond one of the layers of warp threads present on the surface of the plurality of layers of warp threads, the following step of taking out warp threads being repeated for each layer of warp threads to be taken out beyond said layer present on the surface:
- the step of exiting warp threads further comprises, after the lance has passed through the weaving loom without pulling any weft thread:
- the taken out warp threads can be linked together to reduce the risks that certain taken out warp threads are mistakenly woven with the texture, and to facilitate the subsequent cutting of the taken out warp threads.
- the output warp threads are bonded with a two-dimensional weaving armor.
- the loom further comprises a guide device present downstream of the plurality of control threads and of the rapier, the guide device being able to move in the vertical direction so as to move the woven texture upwards or downwards relative to a horizontal reference plane comprising the reference path.
- such a guide device capable of vertically moving the texture makes it possible to more easily perform lance strokes, empty or with a weft thread, in the highest and lowest layers of warp threads.
- such a guide device makes it possible to move the texture as each weft column is woven to position it in the best position in order to facilitate the uncrossing of the warp threads and to improve the positioning of the texture relative to the shed opening used.
- the guide device may further comprise an upper guide bar and a lower guide bar configured to be positioned in contact with the woven texture and on either side of said texture in the vertical direction, the minimum value of the spacing between the guide bars corresponding to the thickness of the uncompacted woven texture.
- the woven texture according to the invention may be abundant and require subsequent compaction. Thus, it is preferable to have sufficient spacing between the guide bars so as not to deform the texture. Furthermore, the proper production of warp thread outlets may require very small shed openings. However, too narrow a spacing of the guide bars can prevent the implementation of large crowd openings.
- the spacing between the guide bars increases during the movement in the vertical direction of all or part of the warp threads intended to be taken out of the texture over a determined distance extending beyond a layer of warp threads present on the surface of the plurality of layers of warp threads.
- the guide bars of the guide device are configured to move in the vertical direction as a function of the vertical position of the eyelets of the harness during the movement in the vertical direction of all or part of the warp threads intended to be taken out of the texture over a determined distance extending beyond a layer of warp threads present on the surface of the plurality of layers of warp threads, such that in each plane of the loom perpendicular to the reference path, the length between the harness and the woven texture of the lowest warp thread located above the reference path corresponds to between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness and the woven texture of the highest warp thread located below the reference path.
- the movement of the guide bars of the guide device is a function of the positions of the eyelets in the harness.
- the guide device is configured to move between a first position and a second position in the vertical direction as a function of the vertical position of the eyelets of the harness after the movement in the vertical direction of all or part of the warp threads intended to be taken out of the texture over a determined distance extending beyond a layer of warp threads present on the surface of the plurality of layers of warp threads, such that in each plane of the loom perpendicular to the reference path, the length between the harness and the woven texture of the highest warp thread located below the reference path when the guide device is in the first position is between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness and the woven texture of said warp thread when it is the lowest located above the reference path when the guide device is in the second position.
- the warp and weft threads are carbon, glass or ceramic fibers.
- the woven texture is intended to form a fibrous reinforcement for a composite material part of an aeronautical engine.
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a Jacquard type loom in neutral position.
- FIG. 2 Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of the loom of the washed figure a creation of crowd.
- Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of a woven texture produced by the method of the invention.
- Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of the loom of Figures 1 and 2 as a first layer of warp yarns is fed out through the
- Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view of the loom of Figures 1 and 2 as a second layer of warp yarns is drawn out through the upper layer of warp yarns of the first weft column.
- Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of the loom of Figures 1 and 2 during weaving of the upper warp layer of the first weft column.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view of the loom of Figs. 1 and 2 during weaving of an underlying warp yarn layer of the first weft column.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view of the loom of Figs. 1 and 2 upon completion of weaving of all underlying warp yarn layers to be woven of the first weft column.
- Figure 9 is a schematic sectional view of the loom of Figures 1 and 2 during weaving of the lower warp yarn layer of the first weft column.
- Figure 10 is a schematic sectional view of the loom of Figures 1 and 2 as a fifth layer of warp yarns is drawn out through the upper layer of warp yarns of a second weft column.
- Figure 11 is a schematic sectional view of the loom of Figures 1 and 2 at the end of weaving of all layers of warp yarns to be woven of the second weft column.
- the invention applies generally to three-dimensional weaving processes for producing woven textures between layers of yarns. warp and layers of weft yarns.
- three-dimensional weaving is meant here a weaving mode by which at least some of the warp yarns bind weft yarns on several weft layers. It is considered that a woven texture made by three-dimensional weaving may include another type of weave on its surface,
- the woven texture may for example have a three-dimensional weave of the interlock or multi-satin type. Different three-dimensional weaving modes that can be used to form the woven texture are described in document WO 2006/136755.
- Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a weaving loom 100 for carrying out the weaving method of the invention.
- the weaving loom 100 according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a woven texture 200 extending in length in a horizontal direction D H and in thickness in a vertical direction D v by weaving a plurality of layers of warp threads 210 with a plurality of layers of weft threads 220.
- the loom is equipped with a Jacquard mechanism 110 supported by a superstructure not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the loom 100 also comprises a harness 120 comprising control or heddle threads 121, each control thread 121 being connected at one end to a control element 111 of
- each control thread 121 is connected at one end to a control hook 111 of the Jacquard mechanism 110 and at the other end to a return spring 112 fixed to the frame 113 of the loom 100.
- the control threads 121 extend in the vertical direction D v .
- the harness 120 may also comprise a board
- Each control thread 121 comprises an eyelet 121a crossed by a warp thread 210.
- Each warp thread 210 of the loom 100 passes through an eyelet 121a of the harness 120.
- the warp threads 210 are organized at the harness 120 of the loom 100 in a plurality of horizontal layers and vertical columns 30 which are manipulated by the loom 100 to allow the insertion of weft threads 220 according to the weaving pattern(s) programmed in the loom. 100.
- the weft threads 220 are inserted between the warp threads 210 by column extending in the vertical direction D v .
- a warp thread take-up system 210 (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) is associated with the loom 100. This system, placed downstream of the loom 100, has the role of holding all the warp threads 210 together in a clamping device and of allowing the warp threads 210 to advance by a determined distance in the horizontal direction D H after the insertion of each weft column 220.
- upstream and downstream are defined here according to the direction of advance of the warp threads 210 in the loom 100, that is to say according to the weaving direction, along the horizontal direction D H .
- control threads 121 and their associated eyelet 121a are able to move in the vertical direction D v .
- all the control threads 121 are in a neutral position in which no traction is exerted by the Jacquard mechanism 110. In this configuration, no shed is created and all the warp threads 210 extend parallel to the horizontal direction D H .
- a portion of the control threads 121 are subjected to tensile forces exerted by the control hooks 111.
- the control threads make it possible to raise or lower warp threads, so as to separate an upper sheet 2101 of warp threads from a lower sheet 2102 of warp threads by an opening F, called a shed.
- Several different sheds can be produced by modifying the warp threads raised or lowered using the control threads 121.
- the loom 100 also comprises a lance 130, present downstream of the control threads 121.
- the lance 130 is composed of a rod 131, a first end of which is connected to an actuation system (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) making it possible to drive the rod 131 in a back-and-forth movement along a horizontal reference path TI 30 , said reference path TI 30 being fixed relative to the frame 113 of the loom 100.
- the reference path TI 30 belongs to a horizontal reference plane PH extending along the horizontal direction D H .
- the other end of the rod 131 is provided with a clamp 132 which, after having passed through the crowd during the outward journey of the rod 131, can come to grab a weft thread 220 stored on a reel 140 to unwind it in the crowd during the return journey of the rod 131.
- the weft thread 220 thus placed inside the crowd is then cut in the vicinity of the reel 140 by a cutting tool 150 and released at its other end by the clamp 132.
- a comb 160 present upstream of the lance 130 and downstream of the harness 120 in its rest position is then folded down in order to pack the weft thread(s) 220 introduced into the crowd.
- the rod 131 can also make the outward and return journey without the clamp 132 coming to grab a weft thread 220: an empty lance stroke is then made.
- the lance 130 is then ready to pick up a new weft thread 220 from the bobbin 140 and place it either in the same shed or in a different shed depending on the defined weave. This gradually forms the woven texture 200 having a three-dimensional weave between the warp threads 210 and the weft threads 220.
- the loom 100 further comprises a guide device 170 for the woven texture 200 present downstream of the control threads 121 and the rapier 130.
- a guide device 170 is described in particular in the document FR 3 074 195 A1. More generally, guide means are known from the document EP 0 573 132 A1.
- the guide device 170 may comprise a lower guide bar 171 and an upper guide bar 172 each connected to an actuating means (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) which is capable on the one hand of holding the woven texture 200 and on the other hand of moving the guide bars 171 and 172 in the vertical direction D v .
- the guiding device 170 makes it possible to move the woven texture in the vertical direction D v upwards or downwards relative to the horizontal reference plane P H comprising the horizontal reference path Ti 30 of the lance 130. It is thus easier to create sheds at the level of the lower or upper layers of warp threads 210, even with a large number of layers of warp threads 210 superimposed in the vertical direction D v .
- the guide device 170 can move the entire woven texture in the vertical direction D v .
- a selvedge zone arranged on each edge of the woven texture can be moved in the vertical direction D v independently of the rest of the woven texture, by a guiding device specific to this area.
- the guiding device can be independent of the selvedge zones, each selvedge zone being able to have a guiding device specific to this zone, so as to move the selvedge zone in the vertical direction D v .
- the weaving method according to the invention makes it possible to produce a woven texture 200 comprising at least a first portion 201 and a second portion 203.
- An example of a woven texture 200 achievable by the method of the invention is illustrated schematically in FIG. 3.
- the texture shown in the example illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 11 comprises a small number of warp threads and weft threads, and the weave of the weave of said texture is not shown.
- the first portion 201 of the texture 200 is produced by three-dimensional weaving between a first number of warp threads 210 and a first number of weft threads 220.
- the second portion 203 of the texture 200 is produced by three-dimensional weaving between a second number of warp threads 210, less than the first number of warp threads 210, and a second number of weft threads 220.
- the second number of weft threads 220 is preferably less than the first number of weft threads 220.
- the texture 200 may have a variation in thickness, the second portion 203 possibly being less thick than the first portion 201.
- the texture 200 also comprises a transition portion 202 between the first portion 201 and the second portion 203, in which the number of woven warp threads 210 decreases from the first portion 201 to the second portion 203.
- the transition portion 202 connects the first portion 201 to the second portion 203 in the weaving direction.
- the transition portion 202 may correspond to a single weft column or to several weft columns N and N+1 of the texture 200.
- the weaving method according to the invention comprises a first step, in which the three-dimensional weaving of the first portion 201 of the texture 200, which is preferably a portion of high thickness, is carried out.
- the first portion 201 of the texture 200 is produced in a well-known manner by three-dimensional weaving. between the first number of warp threads 210 and the first number of weft threads 220 by means of the loom 100 previously described.
- the second step of the weaving method according to the invention begins, in which the transition portion 202 of the texture 200 is produced. During this second step, a certain number of warp threads are therefore removed from the weaving to reduce the first number of warp threads and obtain the second number of warp threads.
- each warp thread or each layer of warp threads that it is desired to remove from the weave must pass through one or more upper or lower surface warp thread layers in the vertical direction D v .
- the warp threads to be removed, or the entire layer(s) of warp threads to be removed are arranged above the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130 relative to the vertical direction D v , and the remainder of the warp threads are arranged below the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130 relative to the vertical direction D v .
- a shed is thus created separating on the one hand the warp threads to be removed, or the entire layer(s) of warp threads to be removed, from the remainder of the warp threads, said shed comprising the reference path TI 30 .
- This configuration is obtained by actuating the control threads 121 of the harness 120, so as to arrange the eyelets 121a crossed by warp threads to be removed above the eyelets 121a crossed by the remainder of the warp threads 210.
- the terms “above” and “below” should be understood in the vertical direction D v , and preferably in relation to the direction of gravity.
- this configuration is also obtained by arranging the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 of the woven texture 200 in a vertical position making it possible to arrange the warp threads to be removed, or the entire layer(s) of warp threads to be removed, above the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130, and so as to arrange the remainder of the warp threads 210 below the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130.
- the vertical position of the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 is determined so that, in each plane of the loom 100 perpendicular to the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130, the length between the harness 120 and the woven texture 200 of the warp thread which delimits the lower edge of the shed corresponds to between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness 120 and the woven texture 200 of the warp thread which delimits the upper edge of the shed.
- the length between the harness 120 and the woven texture 200 is understood as the length between the point of said warp thread present at the downstream end of the harness 120 and the point of said warp thread present at the upstream end of the woven texture 200.
- a second sub-step is performed in which the lance 130 is sent so that it passes through the loom 100 along the reference path TI 30 without pulling any weft thread 220.
- the lance 130 performs an “empty stroke”, also called an “airpick”.
- This empty stroke makes it possible in particular to properly position the warp threads to be removed relative to the other warp threads 210, for example when the warp threads to be removed must pass through more than four layers of warp threads.
- the comb 160 can be folded down after the empty shot is performed.
- the second substep is performed after the first substep.
- the first and second substeps may be repeated several times in each weft column of the transition portion to be performed when it is desired to remove from the weaving through the upper surface warp yarn layer 210h warp yarns belonging to underlying warp yarn layers.
- the first and second substeps may be performed for each warp yarn layer to be output through the upper surface layer 210h.
- Figures 4 to 11 illustrate the second step of the method of the invention, according to which the transition portion 202 of the texture 200 is produced.
- the transition portion 202 of the texture 200 is produced.
- the second portion 203 of which comprises six fewer layers of warp threads than the first portion 201 by removing three layers of warp threads 211, 212, 216 through the upper layer of warp threads 210h and by removing three layers of yarns of warp 213, 214, 215 through the lower warp yarn layer 210b.
- a transition portion 202 between the first and second portions 201 and 203 comprising a first weft column N, in which two layers of warp yarns 211 and 212 are removed through the upper warp yarn layer 210h and two layers of warp yarns 213, 214 through the lower warp yarn layer 210b, and a second weft column N+1, in which a fifth layer of warp yarns 215 is removed through the upper warp yarn layer 210h and a sixth layer of warp yarns 216 through the lower warp yarn layer 210b.
- the first step of weaving the first portion 201 of the texture 200 is completed and the second step of weaving the transition portion 202 of the texture 200 in the first weft column N is started.
- the first and second substeps are carried out a first time for the first layer of warp threads 211 to be removed.
- the eyelets 121a crossed by the warp threads of the first layer of warp threads 211 to be removed are arranged above the eyelets 121a crossed by the other warp threads 210, so as to open a shed separating the first layer of warp threads to be removed 211 from the other warp threads 210.
- the shed also separates the first layer of warp threads 211 to be removed from the other layers of warp threads to be removed.
- the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 of the woven texture 200 are also moved in the vertical direction D v so as to place the first layer of warp threads to be output 211 above the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130 and so as to place the
- the vertical position of the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 is determined so that, in each plane of the loom 100 perpendicular to the reference path TI 30 of the rapier 130, the length between the harness and the woven texture of the warp yarn of the upper surface warp yarn layer 210h which delimits the lower edge of the shed is between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness and the woven texture of the warp yarn of the first layer of warp yarns 211 to be removed which delimits the upper edge of the shed.
- the movement of the guide device 170 from a first position to a second position after a rapier stroke is carried out such that, in each plane of the loom 100 perpendicular to the reference path TI 30 of the rapier 130, the length between the harness and the woven texture of a warp thread delimiting the lower edge of the shed when the guide device 170 is in the first position is between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness and the woven texture of said warp thread when it delimits the upper edge of the shed when the guide device is in the second position.
- the warp threads tilting from the lower edge of the shed to the upper edge of said shed after a rapier stroke do not undergo excessively high tensions, thus facilitating thread crossings.
- the first layer of warp threads to be output 211 is arranged above the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130 while the other layers of warp threads are arranged below the reference path TI 3 O of the lance 130.
- the other layers of warp threads to be output 212, 213, 214, 215, 216 are also arranged below the reference path Ti 3 o of the lance 130.
- a lance stroke 130 is then carried out empty in accordance with the second sub-step, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the first and second sub-steps are carried out for the second layer of warp threads to be removed 212, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the eyelets 121a crossed by the warp threads of the first and second layers of warp threads to be removed 211 and 212 are arranged above the eyelets 121a crossed by the other warp threads, so as to open a shed separating the first and second layers of warp threads to be removed 211. and 212 from the other warp yarns 210.
- the shed also separates the first and second layers of warp yarns to be output 211 and 212 from the other layers of warp yarns to be output 213, 214, 215, 216.
- At least one of the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 of the woven texture 200 is moved upwards in the vertical direction D v so as to place the first and second layers of warp threads to be output 211 and 212 above the reference path Ti 30 of the lance 130 and so as to place the other layers of warp threads below the reference path Ti 30 of the lance 130.
- the first and second layers of warp threads to be output 211 and 212 are arranged above the reference path Ti 30 of the lance 130 while the other layers of warp threads are arranged below the reference path Ti 30 of the lance 130.
- the other layers of warp threads to be output 213, 214, 215, 216 are also arranged below the path
- a stroke of the lance 130 is then carried out empty in accordance with the second sub-step, as illustrated in figure 5.
- the first and second sub-steps can be carried out for each layer of warp threads to be output through the upper layer of warp threads. However, it is of course not outside the scope of the invention if the first and second sub-steps are carried out for only a portion of the layers of warp threads output through the upper layer of warp threads. [0081] For each weft column N, N+1 of the transition portion 202 to be produced, when the desired layers of warp threads have been taken out through the upper layer of warp threads 210h, the conventional weaving of the underlying layers of warp threads to be woven is carried out. Conventional weaving can
- the layers of warp threads to be taken out 213 and 214 through the lower surface warp thread layer 210b in the vertical direction D v can also be taken out by performing empty lance strokes to properly uncross the warp threads.
- the substeps described below are carried out.
- the warp threads to be removed, or the entire warp thread layer(s) to be removed are arranged below the reference path Ti 30 of the rapier 130, and the warp threads to be woven and any other warp threads to be removed are arranged above the reference path TI 30 of the rapier 130.
- these removed warp threads are arranged below the reference path TI 30 of the rapier 130 and below the warp threads to be removed during this third substep.
- a shed is thus created separating on the one hand the warp threads to be removed, or the entire layer(s) of warp threads to be removed, from the warp threads to be woven and from any other warp threads to be removed, said shed comprising the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130.
- This configuration is obtained by actuating the threads control device 121 of the harness 120, so as to arrange the eyelets 121a crossed by warp threads to be removed below the eyelets 121a crossed by the rest of the warp threads, with the exception of the warp threads already taken out through the lower surface warp thread layer 210b.
- this configuration is also obtained by arranging the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 of the woven texture 200 at a vertical position D v allowing the warp threads to be removed, or the entire layer(s) of warp threads to be removed, to be arranged below the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130, and so as to arrange the rest of the warp threads, with the exception of the warp threads already taken out through the lower surface warp thread layer, above the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130.
- the vertical position of the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 is determined so that, in each plane of the loom 100 perpendicular to the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130, the length between the harness 120 and the woven texture 200 of the warp thread which delimits the lower edge of the shed corresponds to between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness 120 and the woven texture 200 of the warp thread which delimits the upper edge of the shed.
- the length between the harness 120 and the woven texture 200 is understood as the length between the point of said warp thread present at the downstream end of the harness 120 and the point of said warp thread present at the upstream end of the woven texture 200.
- the movement of the guide device 170 from a first position to a second position after a rapier stroke is carried out so that, in each plane of the loom 100 perpendicular to the reference path TI 30 of the rapier 130, the length between the harness and the woven texture of a warp thread delimiting the lower edge of the shed when the guide device 170 is in the first position is between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness and the woven texture of said warp thread when it delimits the upper edge of the shed when the guiding device is in the second position.
- the warp threads tilting from the lower edge of the shed to the upper edge of said shed after a lance stroke do not undergo excessive tensions, thus facilitating thread crossings.
- a fourth substep is performed in which the lance 130 is sent so that it passes through the loom 100 along the reference path TI 30 without pulling any weft thread 130.
- the lance 130 performs an “empty stroke”, also called an “airpick”. This empty stroke makes it possible in particular to properly position the warp threads to be removed relative to the other warp threads.
- the comb 160 can be folded down after the empty stroke has been performed.
- the fourth substep is performed after the third substep.
- the third and fourth sub-steps can be repeated several times in each weft column of the transition portion 202 to be produced when it is desired to remove from the weaving through the upper surface warp yarn layer 210h warp yarns belonging to different warp yarn layers.
- the third and fourth sub-steps can be carried out for each layer of warp yarns to be taken out through the lower surface layer 210b.
- an empty lance stroke 130 between each layer of warp yarns to be taken out in the same weft column of the transition portion 202 to be produced it is easier to position the layers of warp yarns to be taken out relative to each other and to position the layers of warp yarns to be taken out relative to the other warp yarns.
- Performing a free lance stroke 130 for each layer of warp threads output also makes it easier to move the mass of warp threads upwards by limiting the stresses and friction in the harness 120. Furthermore, in the same weft column of the transition portion 202 to be produced, the layers of warp threads to be output can be progressively output one after the other. Thus, by multiplying the number of third sub- steps for each weft column, the number of simultaneous crossings between the warp yarns to be taken out and the warp yarns of the surface layer is limited during each third sub-step, thereby reducing massive movements of control yarns in the harness 120 and consequently reducing friction and stresses in the harness 120.
- the second step of weaving the transition portion 202 of the texture 200 is carried out in the second weft column N+1 after having completed the first weft column N.
- the third and fourth substeps are carried out for the fifth layer of warp yarns 215 to be removed.
- the eyelets 121a through which the warp yarns of the fifth layer of warp yarns 215 to be removed are arranged below the eyelets 121a through which the other warp yarns 210 pass, with the exception of the warp yarns of the third and fourth layers 213 and 214 already removed through the lower surface warp yarn layer 210b in the weft column N, so as to open a shed separating the fifth layer of warp yarns to be removed 215 from the other warp yarns to be woven or removed.
- the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 of the woven texture 200 are also moved in the vertical direction D v so as to place the fifth layer of warp threads to be taken out 215 below the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130 and so as to place the other layers of warp threads to be woven or taken out above the reference path Ti 30 of the lance 130.
- the vertical position of the lower and upper guide bars 171 and 172 of the guide device 170 is determined so that, in each plane of the loom 100 perpendicular to the reference path TI 30 of the rapier 130, the length between the harness and the woven texture of the warp yarn of the fifth layer of warp yarns to be removed 215 which delimits the lower edge of the shed corresponds to between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness and the woven texture of the warp yarn of the lower surface warp yarn layer 210b which delimits the upper edge of the shed.
- lower surface warp 210b which facilitates the crossing between the warp threads to be taken out and the surface warp threads without generating tensions in the harness, in particular between the eyelets and the warp threads passing through them.
- the movement of the guide device 170 from a first position to a second position after a rapier stroke is carried out such that, in each plane of the loom 100 perpendicular to the reference path TI 30 of the rapier 130, the length between the harness and the woven texture of a warp thread delimiting the lower edge of the shed when the guide device 170 is in the first position is between 90% and 110% of the length between the harness and the woven texture of said warp thread when it delimits the upper edge of the shed when the guide device is in the second position.
- the warp threads tilting from the lower edge of the shed to the upper edge of said shed after a rapier stroke do not undergo excessively high tensions, thus facilitating thread crossings.
- the fifth layer of warp threads to be taken out 215 is arranged below the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130 while the other layers of warp threads to be woven or taken out are arranged above the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130.
- the third and fourth layers of warp threads taken out 213 and 214 in the previous weft column N are also arranged below the reference path TI 30 of the lance 130, while the first and second layers of warp threads taken out 211 and 212 in the previous weft column N are arranged above the reference path Ti 30 of the lance 130.
- a free lance stroke 130 is then carried out in accordance with the fourth substep.
- the third and fourth substeps may be performed for each layer of warp yarns to be output through the lower warp yarn layer.
- the third and fourth substeps may also be performed only for a portion of the layers of warp yarns output through the lower warp yarn layer.
- the first rapier stroke 130 of a weft column N has been made in the lowest layers of warp threads in the vertical direction D v
- the first rapier stroke 130 is also made in the following weft column N+1 in the lowest layers of warp threads in the vertical direction D v .
- the first rapier stroke 130 is also made in the following weft column in the highest layers of warp threads in the vertical direction D v . This limits the massive movements of layers of warp threads in the harness and consequently reduces the friction and stresses on the control threads 121.
- the transition portion 202 As the transition portion 202 is woven, more and more yarns 211 to 216 are brought out through the upper 210h and lower 210b surface warp yarn layers, and must be kept away from the yarns being woven.
- the greater the number of layers of brought out yarns 211 to 216 the more it is necessary to enlarge the amplitude of the shed opening, in order to properly position the brought out yarns relative to the yarns to be woven. This prevents crossings between the yarns to be woven and the brought out yarns, thereby reducing friction and the risk of defects.
- the increase in the angle of the shed opening is achieved by keeping the eyelets through which the brought out yarns pass in a very high or very low position in the harness.
- the increase in the shed opening is particularly significant when the number of layers of yarns brought out through one of the upper or lower surface layers is greater than four. In fact, when the number of layers of wires exiting through one of the upper or lower surface layers is for example greater than four, the friction between the yarns increases greatly if the shed opening is not adjusted.
- a binding 5 of the warp threads produced can be carried out.
- one or more available weft threads 220 can be used in the weft column N or N+1 of the transition portion 202 in order to bind the warp threads produced using the vacuum lance strokes in said weft column N or N+1.
- the woven texture 200 obtained by the method of the invention can correspond to a swelled texture, which will be compacted to obtain a compacted texture with dimensions chosen and adapted to the use which will be made of said texture.
- upper guide 172 of the guide device 170 must always be greater than a minimum value H 170 determined along the vertical direction D v , as illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 9.
- This minimum value HI 7 O of spacing of the guide bars 171 and 172 preferably corresponds to the product of the desired thickness for the compacted texture by 1.45. Indeed, it is estimated that the desired thickness for the
- 25 compacted texture corresponds to approximately 40% of the 200 expanded texture present on the loom.
- the compacted texture obtained has a volume rate of threads of at least 58%.
- the minimum value H i 70 of spacing of the guide bars 171 and 172 is preferably calculated in the following manner,
- the realization of the warp thread outlets through the surface layers and the correct realization of the empty lance strokes require large height differences between the eyelets.
- the large amplitudes between the lowest eyelets and the highest eyelets in the harness during the warp thread outlets or during the empty lance strokes can create significant tensions if the spacing between the guide bars 171 and 172 remains fixed.
- the spacing between the guide bars 171 and 172 can be increased by a certain value to facilitate the warp thread crossings and thus the warp thread outlets.
- the guide bars 171 and 172 can be movable relative to each other in the vertical direction D v .
- the spacing of the guide bars is adjusted during each lance stroke, including during empty lance strokes.
- the spacing of the guide bars is adjusted during each passage of the lance through the loom.
- the spacing between the guide bars is increased for each idle rapier stroke.
- the spacing value of the guide bars 171 and 172 is HI 7 O + hi in the vertical direction D v during the first idle rapier stroke, hi being a positive height, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the spacing value of the guide bars 171 and 172 is then HI 7 O + hi + h 2 in the vertical direction D v during the second idle rapier stroke, h 2 being a positive height, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the increase in the spacing of the guide bars when removing one or more layers of warp yarns through the upper surface warp yarn layer is carried out while the lower guide bar is fixed.
- the upper guide bar which is closest to the surface warp yarn layer upper, is movable to allow the spacing between the guide bars to be increased when removing one or more layers of warp yarns through the upper surface warp yarn layer.
- the spacing value of the guide bars 171 and 172 is HI 70 + hi + h 2 - h 3 in the vertical direction D v when inserting the first weft yarn, h 3 being positive, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the spacing value of the guide bars 171 and 172 is then HI 70 + hi + h 2 - h 3 - h 4 in the vertical direction D v when inserting the second weft yarn, h 4 being positive, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
- the value of the spacing between the guide bars can be reduced until the minimum value HI 7 Q is obtained.
- the reduction in the spacing of the guide bars until the minimum value HI 70 is obtained is carried out while the upper guide bar is fixed.
- only the lower guide bar is movable to allow the reduction in the spacing between the guide bars until the minimum value HI 7 Q is found.
- the minimum spacing value HI 70 is found at the n-th weft thread insertion.
- the spacing between the guide bars may be increased again during the last weft yarn insertion(s) before the empty lance strokes.
- the spacing value of the guide bars is increased for the last m weft yarn insertions.
- the spacing value of the guide bars 171 and 172 is HI 7 O + h 5 in the vertical direction D v during the penultimate insertion of a weft thread, h 5 being a positive height, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
- the spacing value of the guide bars 171 and 172 is then HI 7 O + h 5 + h 6 in the vertical direction D v during the last insertion of a weft thread, h 6 being a positive height, as illustrated in FIG. 9.
- the re-increase of the spacing of the guide bars for the last insertion(s) of weft threads is carried out while the lower guide bar is fixed.
- only the upper guide bar is movable to allow the re-increase of the spacing between the guide bars.
- the value of the spacing between the guide bars can be reduced until the minimum value HI 70 is obtained for the last empty lance stroke.
- the reduction in the spacing of the guide bars until the minimum value HI 70 is obtained is carried out while the upper guide bar is fixed.
- only the lower guide bar is movable to allow the reduction in the spacing between the guide bars until the minimum value HI 70 is found.
- the first and second sub-steps are performed for each set of warp threads to be removed through the upper surface layer 210h.
- the first sub-step allows the warp threads to be properly arranged on either side of the reference path eno achieving the desired shed, and the second sub-step corresponds to an empty lance stroke.
- the third and fourth sub-steps are carried out for each set of warp threads to be removed through the lower surface layer 210b.
- the third sub-step makes it possible to properly arrange the warp threads on either side of the reference path by producing the desired shed, and the fourth sub-step corresponds to an empty lance stroke.
- a layer of warp threads is generally output in at least two goes, or only a portion of the layer of warp threads is output. For example, to remove an entire layer of warp threads, we start by removing a part5 of said layer by making a vacuum lance stroke, then we remove the other part of said layer by making another vacuum lance stroke.
- the surface warp yarn layers are continuous and made of the same warp yarns over the entire length of the texture. However, it is not outside the scope of the invention if the surface warp yarn layers are made of different warp yarns over the length of the texture.
- the warp and weft yarns used in the present invention may be fibers, for example carbon, glass or ceramic fibers, or a mixture of such fibers.
- the woven texture may be made from fibers made of the following materials: silicon carbide, alumina, mullite, silica, an aluminosilicate, a borosilicate, or a mixture of several of these materials.
- the woven texture can thus be intended to form the fibrous reinforcement of a composite material part, for example a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) or organic matrix composite (OMC) material part.
- the woven texture can thus be intended to form the fibrous reinforcement of a composite material part of an aeronautical engine, for example an aeronautical engine blade.
- OMC organic matrix composite
- CMC ceramic matrix composite
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19/470,411 US20260117432A1 (en) | 2023-03-31 | 2024-03-28 | Three-dimensional weaving method with yarn exit |
| EP24723418.0A EP4689255A1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 | 2024-03-28 | Procede de tissage tridimensionnel avec sortie de fils |
| CN202480035583.3A CN121285664A (zh) | 2023-03-31 | 2024-03-28 | 具有纱线退出的三维编织方法 |
| MX2025011565A MX2025011565A (es) | 2023-03-31 | 2025-09-29 | Método de tejido tridimensional con salida de hilo |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2303164 | 2023-03-31 | ||
| FR2303164A FR3147300B1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 | 2023-03-31 | Procédé de tissage tridimensionnel avec sortie de fils |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024200968A1 true WO2024200968A1 (fr) | 2024-10-03 |
Family
ID=87554313
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2024/050397 Ceased WO2024200968A1 (fr) | 2023-03-31 | 2024-03-28 | Procede de tissage tridimensionnel avec sortie de fils |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260117432A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4689255A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121285664A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3147300B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2025011565A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024200968A1 (fr) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0573132A1 (fr) | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-08 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Méthode de tissage et métier à tisser pour la fabrication d'un tissu plan multi-axial tissé en plusieurs couches |
| WO2006136755A2 (fr) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Snecma | Structure fibreuse de renfort pour piece en materiau composite et piece la comportant |
| US20090311462A1 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2009-12-17 | Jonathan Goering | Hybrid three-dimensional woven/laminated struts for composite structural applications |
| FR3074195A1 (fr) | 2017-11-30 | 2019-05-31 | Safran | Metier a tisser pour preformes fibreuses de forte epaisseur |
| US20190224885A1 (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2019-07-25 | Porcher Industries | Preform, framework part, and method for producing such a preform |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2702222B1 (fr) * | 1993-03-03 | 1995-05-05 | Cotton Freres Cie | Tissu tridimensionnel multiaxial et son procédé de fabrication. |
| US7943535B2 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2011-05-17 | Albany Engineered Composites, Inc. | Hybrid three-dimensional woven/laminated struts for composite structural applications |
| JP5185682B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-22 | 2013-04-17 | サカイ・コンポジット株式会社 | 扁平糸織物の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| GB202214661D0 (en) * | 2022-10-06 | 2022-11-23 | Rolls Royce Plc | Woven structure and method of manufacture |
-
2023
- 2023-03-31 FR FR2303164A patent/FR3147300B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-03-28 US US19/470,411 patent/US20260117432A1/en active Pending
- 2024-03-28 WO PCT/FR2024/050397 patent/WO2024200968A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-03-28 CN CN202480035583.3A patent/CN121285664A/zh active Pending
- 2024-03-28 EP EP24723418.0A patent/EP4689255A1/fr active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-09-29 MX MX2025011565A patent/MX2025011565A/es unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0573132A1 (fr) | 1992-06-05 | 1993-12-08 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Méthode de tissage et métier à tisser pour la fabrication d'un tissu plan multi-axial tissé en plusieurs couches |
| WO2006136755A2 (fr) | 2005-06-24 | 2006-12-28 | Snecma | Structure fibreuse de renfort pour piece en materiau composite et piece la comportant |
| US20090311462A1 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2009-12-17 | Jonathan Goering | Hybrid three-dimensional woven/laminated struts for composite structural applications |
| US20190224885A1 (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2019-07-25 | Porcher Industries | Preform, framework part, and method for producing such a preform |
| FR3074195A1 (fr) | 2017-11-30 | 2019-05-31 | Safran | Metier a tisser pour preformes fibreuses de forte epaisseur |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20260117432A1 (en) | 2026-04-30 |
| EP4689255A1 (fr) | 2026-02-11 |
| CN121285664A (zh) | 2026-01-06 |
| FR3147300B1 (fr) | 2025-03-28 |
| MX2025011565A (es) | 2025-11-03 |
| FR3147300A1 (fr) | 2024-10-04 |
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