WO2024203071A1 - 電極 - Google Patents
電極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024203071A1 WO2024203071A1 PCT/JP2024/008518 JP2024008518W WO2024203071A1 WO 2024203071 A1 WO2024203071 A1 WO 2024203071A1 JP 2024008518 W JP2024008518 W JP 2024008518W WO 2024203071 A1 WO2024203071 A1 WO 2024203071A1
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- underlayer
- electrode
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- resistance value
- resistivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/308—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells at least partially made of carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode.
- an electrode for example, an electrode has been proposed that has a film substrate, a titanium thin film, and a carbon thin film arranged in that order in the thickness direction (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).
- a carbon electrode for example, an electrode has been proposed that has a film substrate, a silicon oxide thin film, a titanium thin film, and a carbon thin film arranged in that order in the thickness direction (for example, see Patent Document 2 below).
- electrodes used in electrochemical measurements need to have a low absolute resistance value to improve measurement sensitivity, and they also need to be highly reliable to ensure measurement accuracy.
- the titanium thin film can reduce the absolute resistance value, but outgassing from the film substrate can cause the absolute resistance value to change over time, so even higher reliability is desired.
- the silicon oxide thin film suppresses outgassing from the film substrate and ensures high reliability, but the silicon oxide thin film oxidizes the titanium thin film during film formation, which can increase the absolute resistance value of the entire electrode, and it is therefore desirable to further reduce the absolute resistance value of the entire electrode.
- the present invention aims to provide an electrode that has a low absolute resistance value and high reliability.
- the present invention [1] includes an electrode that includes a base film, a first underlayer, a second underlayer, and a conductive carbon layer in that order toward one side in the thickness direction, the first underlayer being a metal layer or a semi-metal layer, the second underlayer being a metal layer, and the resistivity of the first underlayer being 10 times or more the resistivity of the second underlayer.
- the present invention [2] includes the electrode according to [1], wherein the conductive carbon layer has sp2 bonds and sp3 bonds.
- the present invention [3] includes the electrode described in [1] or [2], in which the second underlayer contains titanium.
- the present invention [4] includes the electrode according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the second underlayer has a resistivity of 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less.
- the present invention [5] includes an electrode according to any one of [1] to [4], in which the first underlayer is a semimetal layer containing silicon.
- the present invention [6] includes an electrode according to any one of [1] to [5], in which the thickness of the first underlayer is 3 nm or more.
- the present invention [7] includes an electrode described in any one of [1] to [6], which is an electrode for electrochemical measurements.
- the electrodes of the present invention have a low absolute resistance value and are highly reliable.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of an electrode of the present invention.
- the up-down direction of the paper surface is the up-down direction (thickness direction, first direction)
- the upper side of the paper surface is the upper side (one side in the thickness direction, one side in the first direction)
- the lower side of the paper surface is the lower side (the other side in the thickness direction, the other side in the first direction).
- the left-right direction and the depth direction of the paper surface are surface directions perpendicular to the up-down direction. Specifically, they conform to the directional arrows in each figure.
- the electrode 1 has a predetermined thickness.
- the electrode 1 has a film shape (including a sheet shape).
- the electrode 1 comprises, in order toward one side in the thickness direction, a base film 2, a first base layer 3, a second base layer 4, and a conductive carbon layer 5.
- the electrode 1 comprises only the base film 2, the first base layer 3, the second base layer 4, and the conductive carbon layer 5.
- the base film 2 is a base material that supports the first underlayer 3, the second underlayer 4, and the conductive carbon layer 5.
- the base film 2 is the bottom layer of the electrode 1, and has a film shape.
- the base film 2 has a predetermined thickness.
- materials for the base film 2 include organic materials.
- An example of an organic material is a resin material.
- resin materials include polyester resin, acetate resin, polyethersulfone resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyolefin resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyarylate resin, and polyphenylene sulfide resin, and preferably polyester resin.
- polyester resins include polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, with polyethylene terephthalate being preferred.
- the materials for the base film 2 can be used alone or in combination.
- the thickness of the base film 2 is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the base film 2 is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, and is, for example, 1000 ⁇ m or less, preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the first undercoat layer 3 is a layer that suppresses the influence of the base film 2 on the second undercoat layer 4.
- the first undercoat layer 3 is disposed on one surface in the thickness direction of the base film 2. Specifically, the first undercoat layer 3 is in contact with the entire one surface in the thickness direction of the base film 2.
- the first undercoat layer 3 has a predetermined thickness.
- the first underlayer 3 may be a metal layer or a semi-metal layer. It is preferable that the first underlayer 3 is not a metal oxide layer or a semi-metal oxide layer.
- the first underlayer 3 is not a metal oxide layer or a semi-metal oxide layer, oxidation can be suppressed when forming the second underlayer 4 described below, and the absolute resistance value of the electrode 1 can be reduced.
- the metal layer serving as the first underlayer 3 is made of metal.
- metals that can be used as the material for the first underlayer 3 include platinum, tin, tantalum, chromium, palladium, niobium, rhenium, strontium, vanadium, ytterbium, gallium, hafnium, zirconium, titanium, germanium, scandium, lutetium, yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, thulium, praseodymium, holmium, cerium, erbium, europium, dysprosium, samarium, radium, bismuth, terbium, gadolinium, manganese, and alloys thereof.
- the metals used as the material for the first underlayer 3 can be used alone or in combination.
- the semi-metal layer as the first underlayer 3 is made of a semi-metal.
- the semi-metal is not limited.
- An example of a semimetal that can be used as the material for the first underlayer 3 is silicon.
- the semi-metals as the material for the first underlayer 3 can be used alone or in combination.
- the first underlayer 3 is preferably a semi-metal layer.
- the resistivity (thin film measured value) of the first underlayer 3 is, for example, 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ cm or more, preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ cm or more, even more preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or more, particularly preferably 10 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or more, and for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ cm or less.
- the resistivity (thin film measured value) of the first underlayer 3 can be calculated by multiplying the absolute resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the single layer of the first underlayer 3 (the state in which the first underlayer 3 is formed on the substrate film 2) by the thickness of the first underlayer 3. Specifically, it is measured as described in the examples below.
- the resistivity of the first underlayer 3 is equal to or higher than the lower limit described above, even if the first underlayer 3 is oxidized due to outgassing from the base film 2, the effect on the absolute resistance value of the electrode 1 is small, so the absolute resistance value of the electrode 1 can be reduced.
- the thickness of the first underlayer 3 is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the first underlayer 3 is, for example, 1 nm or more, preferably 3 nm or more, and for example, 50 nm or less, preferably 25 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less.
- the first underlayer 3 has excellent uniformity across the surface.
- the transmission of outgas from the base film 2 can be suppressed, and the change over time in the absolute resistance value of the second underlayer 4, which will be described later, can be suppressed, and the electrode 1 has excellent reliability.
- the second underlayer 4 is disposed on one thickness-wise surface of the first underlayer 3. Specifically, the second underlayer 4 is in contact with the entire one thickness-wise surface of the first underlayer 3. The second underlayer 4 has a predetermined thickness.
- An example of the second base layer 4 is a metal layer.
- the metal layer serving as the second base layer 4 is made of metal.
- the metal used as the material for the second underlayer 4 is preferably a metal that can form a carbide with the carbon of the conductive carbon layer 5, which will be described next.
- examples of metals that can be used as the material for the second underlayer 4 include silver, copper, gold, aluminum, magnesium, rhodium, tungsten, iridium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, indium, osmium, iron, platinum, tin, tantalum, chromium, palladium, niobium, rhenium, strontium, vanadium, ytterbium, gallium, hafnium, zirconium, titanium, germanium, scandium, lutetium, yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, thulium, praseodymium, holmium, cerium, erbium, europium, dysprosium, samarium, radium, bismuth, terbium, gadolinium, molybdenum, and manganese, and preferably titanium and niobium.
- the metals used as the material for the second underlayer 4 can be used alone or in combination.
- the resistivity (actual measured thin film value) of the second underlayer 4 can be calculated by multiplying the absolute resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the electrode (electrode having the base film 2, the second underlayer 4, and the conductive carbon layer 5) by the thickness of the second underlayer 4.
- the absolute resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the single layer of the second underlayer 4 may be used.
- the resistivity of the second underlayer 4 is sufficiently lower than the resistivity of the conductive carbon layer 5, the effect of the absolute resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the conductive carbon layer 5 on the electrode can be ignored, and therefore the absolute resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the electrode described above can be used. Specifically, it is measured as described in the examples described later.
- the absolute resistance value of the electrode 1 can be reduced.
- the thickness of the second underlayer 4 is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the second underlayer 4 is, for example, 1 nm or more, preferably 3 nm or more, more preferably 5 nm or more, and for example, 50 nm or less, preferably 30 nm or less.
- the second undercoat layer 4 will have excellent uniformity across the surface.
- the second underlayer 4 also has excellent electrical conductivity.
- the resistivity of the first underlayer 3 is 10 times or more, preferably 100 times or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 3 times or more, further preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 times or more, and for example, 1 ⁇ 10 20 times or less, that of the second underlayer 4 .
- the resistivity of the first underlayer 3 is equal to or greater than a multiple of the above-mentioned lower limit of the resistivity of the second underlayer 4, even if the first underlayer 3 is oxidized due to outgassing from the base film 2, the effect on the absolute resistance value of the entire electrode 1 can be suppressed, and resistance changes can be suppressed.
- the conductive carbon layer 5 is a layer that has electrode properties and plays a role as an electrode.
- the conductive carbon layer 5 is disposed on one surface in the thickness direction of the second underlayer 4. Specifically, the conductive carbon layer 5 is in contact with the entire one surface in the thickness direction of the second underlayer 4.
- the conductive carbon layer 5 is the uppermost layer of the electrode 1, and has a predetermined thickness.
- the material of the conductive carbon layer 5 is carbon, preferably carbon having sp 2 bonds and sp 3 bonds. Carbon having sp 2 bonds and sp 3 bonds has a graphite structure and a diamond structure.
- the ratio (sp 3 /sp 3 +sp 2 ) of the number of sp 3 bonded atoms to the sum of the number of sp 3 bonded atoms and the number of sp 2 bonded atoms is not particularly limited.
- the above ratio (sp 3 /sp 3 +sp 2 ) is, for example, 0.1 or more, preferably 0.2 or more, and, for example, 0.9 or less, preferably 0.5 or less.
- the ratio (sp 3 /sp 3 + sp 2 ) is calculated based on the peak intensity of the sp 2 bonds and the peak intensity of the sp 3 bonds in a spectrum obtained by measuring one surface in the thickness direction of the conductive carbon layer 5 by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 5 is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 5 is, for example, 5 nm or more, preferably 8 nm or more, and for example, 200 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 5 can be calculated by measuring the X-ray reflectance.
- a carbide layer (not shown) is preferably formed at the interface between the conductive carbon layer 5 and the second underlayer 4.
- the carbide layer is made of carbide, which is a compound of the metal of the second underlayer 4 and the carbon of the conductive carbon layer 5.
- the carbide layer improves the adhesion between the conductive carbon layer 5 and the second underlayer 4.
- the electrode 1 includes the base film 2, the first underlayer 3, the second underlayer 4, a carbide layer (not shown), and the conductive carbon layer 5, in that order toward one side in the thickness direction.
- the conductive carbon layer 5 may contain elements other than carbon.
- a method for manufacturing the electrode 1 will be described. First, a base film 2 is prepared. Next, a first base layer 3, a second base layer 4, and a conductive carbon layer 5 are formed in this order on one side of the base film 2 in the thickness direction.
- the method for forming the first underlayer 3 includes, for example, a dry method and a wet method.
- a dry method is preferably used.
- the dry method includes, for example, a PVD method (physical vapor deposition method) and a CVD method (chemical vapor deposition method).
- a dry method is preferably used.
- the PVD method includes, for example, a sputtering method, a vacuum deposition method, a laser deposition method, and an ion plating method (arc deposition method).
- a PVD method is preferably used as a sputtering method.
- the sputtering method is not particularly limited.
- the sputtering method includes, for example, an unbalanced magnetron sputtering method (UBM sputtering method), a high-power pulse sputtering method, an electron cyclotron resonance sputtering method, an RF sputtering method, a DC sputtering method (DC magnetron sputtering method), a DC pulse sputtering method, and an ion beam sputtering method.
- UBM sputtering method unbalanced magnetron sputtering method
- a high-power pulse sputtering method an electron cyclotron resonance sputtering method
- an RF sputtering method a DC sputtering method (DC magnetron sputtering method)
- DC pulse sputtering method DC pulse sputtering method
- ion beam sputtering method ion beam sputtering method
- a sputtering gas containing an inert gas and a target made of an inorganic material are used.
- the sputtering gas preferably does not contain oxygen.
- the sputtering gas does not contain oxygen, oxidation of the metal or metalloid used as the material for the first underlayer 3 can be suppressed.
- An example of an inert gas is argon.
- Examples of materials for the first underlayer 3 include the above-mentioned metals or semi-metals, and preferably semi-metals.
- the second base layer 4 can be formed by the same method as the above-mentioned method for forming the first base layer 3.
- examples of materials for the second underlayer 4 include the metals mentioned above, and preferably titanium and niobium.
- the conductive carbon layer 5 can be formed by the same method as the above-mentioned method for forming the first underlayer 3.
- a sputtering method for example, carbon, preferably sintered carbon, is used as the target material.
- the total thickness of the obtained electrode 1 is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, and is, for example, 1000 ⁇ m or less, preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the absolute resistance value of the electrode 1 is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, preferably 5.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and more preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the absolute resistance value can be measured by the method described below.
- the rate of change (reliability) of the absolute resistance value of electrode 1 is, for example, 50% or less, preferably 10% or less, more preferably 5% or less, even more preferably 3% or less, and particularly preferably 1% or less.
- the rate of change (reliability) of the absolute resistance value can be measured by the method described below.
- This electrode 1 comprises a base film 2, a first underlayer 3, a second underlayer 4, and a conductive carbon layer 5, in that order toward one side in the thickness direction, the first underlayer 3 being a metal layer or a semi-metal layer, and the second underlayer 4 being a metal layer. Since the resistivity of the first underlayer 3 is 10 times or more that of the second underlayer 4, the electrode 1 has a low absolute resistance value and is highly reliable.
- the first undercoat layer 3 is provided on one side of the base film 2 in the thickness direction, which suppresses the permeation of outgassing from the base film 2 and suppresses oxidation of the second undercoat layer 4.
- the resistivity of the first underlayer 3 is at least 10 times that of the second underlayer 4, so the effect on the absolute resistance value of the entire electrode 1 can be suppressed and the absolute resistance value of the electrode 1 can be reduced.
- the first underlayer 3 can suppress the permeation of outgassing from the substrate film 2 and can suppress oxidation of the second underlayer 4, making the electrode 1 highly reliable.
- the first underlayer 3 is a metal or semimetal, oxidation of the second underlayer 4 can be suppressed, and the absolute resistance value of the electrode 1 can be reduced.
- the electrode 1 is not particularly limited.
- the electrode 1 may be used as an electrode for electrochemical measurement.
- the electrode 1 is provided in an electrochemical measurement system including the electrode 1 as a working electrode.
- Example 1 A base film 2 made of polyethylene terephthalate and having a thickness of 188 ⁇ m was prepared.
- first underlayer 3 a semi-metal layer made of silicon was formed on one surface in the thickness direction of the base film 2 using magnetron sputtering.
- the conditions for the magnetron sputtering method were as follows:
- Target material silicon Target power: 1.1 W/ cm2
- Sputtering gas argon Pressure in sputtering chamber: 0.2 Pa
- the thickness of the semi-metal layer was 5 nm.
- a metal layer (second underlayer 4) made of titanium was formed on one side of the semi-metal layer (first underlayer 3) in the thickness direction using magnetron sputtering.
- the conditions for the magnetron sputtering were as follows:
- Target material titanium Target power: 0.4 W/ cm2
- Sputtering gas argon Pressure in sputtering chamber: 0.2 Pa
- the thickness of the second underlayer 4 was 8 nm.
- a conductive carbon layer 5 was formed on one surface of the second underlayer 4 in the thickness direction by DC pulse sputtering.
- the conditions for the DC pulse sputtering were as follows:
- Target material sintered carbon
- Target power 3.0 W/ cm2
- Sputtering gas argon Pressure in sputtering chamber: 0.2 Pa
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 5 was 10 nm.
- an electrode 1 was produced that had a base film 2, a semi-metal layer (first underlayer 3), a second underlayer 4, and a conductive carbon layer 5, arranged in that order toward one side in the thickness direction.
- Example 2 The electrode of Example 2 was manufactured in the same manner as the electrode of Example 1, except for the following:
- the thickness of the semi-metal layer was set to 3 nm, and a metal layer made of niobium and having a thickness of 15 nm was formed as the second underlayer 4 on one surface in the thickness direction of the semi-metal layer (first underlayer 3).
- the conditions of the magnetron sputtering method for forming the second underlayer 4 are as follows:
- Target material niobium Target power: 0.4 W/ cm2
- Sputtering gas argon Pressure in sputtering chamber: 0.2 Pa
- Examples 3 and 4 Electrodes of Examples 3 and 4 were produced in the same manner as the electrode of Example 2, except that the thickness of the metal layer (second underlayer 4) made of niobium was changed as shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 1 Except for not forming the first underlayer 3, the electrode 1 was treated in the same manner as in Example 1. That is, the electrode 1 was provided with the base film 2, the second underlayer 4, and the conductive carbon layer 5 in this order toward one side in the thickness direction.
- Comparative Example 2 Except for forming a semi-metal oxide layer instead of the semi-metal layer, the same treatment as in Example 1 was carried out. That is, a semi-metal oxide layer made of silicon oxide was formed by magnetron sputtering on one surface in the thickness direction of the base film 2. The conditions for the magnetron sputtering were as follows.
- Target material silicon Target power: 3.3 W/ cm2
- Sputtering gas argon and oxygen (flow ratio 9:1)
- Sputtering pressure 0.2 Pa
- the thickness of the semi-metal oxide layer was 5 nm.
- an electrode 1 was produced that had, in order toward one side in the thickness direction, a substrate film 2, a semi-metal oxide layer, a second underlayer 4, and a conductive carbon layer 5.
- Comparative Examples 3 to 5 Except for not forming the first underlayer 3, the electrodes 1 of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 were treated in the same manner as in Examples 2 to 4. That is, the electrodes 1 of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 were provided with a base film 2, a second underlayer 4, and a conductive carbon layer 5 in this order toward one side in the thickness direction.
- a sample 1 was prepared by forming a semi-metallic layer (first underlayer 3) made of silicon on one surface in the thickness direction of a base film 2 made of polyethylene terephthalate and having a thickness of 188 ⁇ m by magnetron sputtering.
- the conditions for the magnetron sputtering method when forming the first underlayer 3 were the same as those in Example 1.
- the thickness of the semi-metallic layer was 5 nm.
- the absolute resistance value of the prepared sample 1 was measured by the same method as that described in the evaluation described later.
- the absolute resistance value ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of sample 1 exceeded the upper measurement limit (1.0 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the measuring device and could not be measured.
- the resistivity of the 5 nm thick silicon thin film was greater than 50,000 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm.
- the resistivity of sample 1 corresponds to the resistivity (thin film actual measured value) of the first underlayer in Example 1.
- Sample 2 was prepared in the same manner as Sample 1, except that a semimetal layer (first underlayer 3) made of silicon with a thickness of 3 nm was formed, and the absolute resistance value was measured.
- the absolute resistance value of Sample 2 also exceeded the upper measurement limit of the measuring device (1.0 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ / ⁇ ), and could not be measured.
- the resistivity of the 3 nm-thick silicon thin film was greater than 30,000 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ cm.
- the resistivity of Sample 2 corresponds to the resistivity (thin film actual measured value) of the first underlayer in Examples 2 to 4.
- Sample 3 was prepared in the same manner as Sample 1, except that the conditions of the magnetron sputtering method were the same as those of Comparative Example 2. That is, Sample 3 has a first underlayer 3 made of a semi-metal oxide layer having a thickness of 5 nm on one surface in the thickness direction of a base film 2. The absolute resistance value of Sample 3 was also measured. The absolute resistance value of Sample 3 also exceeded the upper measurement limit (1.0 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ / ⁇ ) of the measuring device and could not be measured. That is, the resistivity of the semi-metal oxide layer having a thickness of 5 nm was greater than 50,000 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ cm. The resistivity of Sample 3 corresponds to the resistivity (thin film actual measured value) of the first underlayer of Comparative Example 2.
- the resistivity (actual thin film measurement value) of the first base layer used in each example was 10 times or more the resistivity (actual thin film measurement value) of the second base layer. Note that when measuring the absolute resistance values used for the resistivity (actual thin film measurement value) of the first base layer and the resistivity (actual thin film measurement value) of the second base layer, both were measured with the base film attached, but when comparing the resistivity magnifications, the effects of these cancel each other out and can be ignored.
- the first underlayer was a metal layer or a semi-metal layer
- the resistivity of the first underlayer was 10 times or more the resistivity of the second underlayer (actual thin film measurement value), so the absolute resistance value and reliability of the electrode were excellent.
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3 to 5 did not have a first underlayer, so they were inferior in reliability.
- Comparative Example 2 had a poor absolute resistance value because the first underlayer was a semi-metal oxide layer.
- the electrode of the present invention is suitable for use as an electrode (working electrode) for electrochemical measurements.
- Electrode 2 Substrate film 3 First undercoat layer 4 Second undercoat layer 5 Conductive carbon layer
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Abstract
Description
図1を参照して、本発明の電極フィルムの一実施形態を説明する。図1において、紙面上下方向は、上下方向(厚み方向、第1方向)であって、紙面上側が、上側(厚み方向一方側、第1方向一方側)、紙面下側が、下側(厚み方向他方側、第1方向他方側)である。また、紙面左右方向および奥行き方向は、上下方向に直交する面方向である。具体的には、各図の方向矢印に準拠する。
基材フィルム2は、第1下地層3と、第2下地層4と、導電性カーボン層5とを支持する基材である。基材フィルム2は、電極1の最下層であって、フィルム形状を有する。
第1下地層3は、基材フィルム2が第2下地層4に与える影響を抑制する層である。第1下地層3は、基材フィルム2の厚み方向一方面に配置される。具体的には、第1下地層3は、基材フィルム2の厚み方向一方面の全部に接触している。第1下地層3は、所定の厚みを有する。
第2下地層4は、第1下地層3の厚み方向一方面に配置される。具体的には、第2下地層4は、第1下地層3の厚み方向一方面の全部に接触している。第2下地層4は、所定の厚みを有する。
導電性カーボン層5は、電極特性を有し、電極としての役割を担う層である。導電性カーボン層5は、第2下地層4の厚み方向一方面に配置されている。具体的には、導電性カーボン層5は、第2下地層4の厚み方向一方面の全部に接触している。導電性カーボン層5は、電極1の最上層であって、所定の厚みを有する。
次に、電極1の製造方法を説明する。まず、基材フィルム2を準備する。次いで、基材フィルム2の厚み方向一方側に、第1下地層3と、第2下地層4と、導電性カーボン層5とを順に形成する。
この電極1は、基材フィルム2と、第1下地層3と、第2下地層4と、導電性カーボン層5とを厚み方向一方側に向かって順に備え、第1下地層3は、金属層または半金属層であり、第2下地層4は、金属層であり、第1下地層3の比抵抗が、第2下地層4の比抵抗の10倍以上であるため、抵抗絶対値が低く、さらに、高い信頼性を有する。
電極1の用途は、特に限定されない。電極1の用途としては、例えば、電気化学測定用の電極が挙げられる。具体的には、電極1を作用電極として含む電気化学測定システムに備えられる。
ポリエチレンテレフタレートからなる厚み188μmの基材フィルム2を準備した。
ターゲットパワー:1.1W/cm2
スパッタリングガス:アルゴン
スパッタリング室の圧力:0.2Pa
ターゲットパワー:0.4W/cm2
スパッタリングガス:アルゴン
スパッタリング室の圧力:0.2Pa
ターゲットパワー:3.0W/cm2
スパッタリングガス:アルゴン
スパッタリング室の圧力:0.2Pa
次のこと以外は、実施例1の電極と同様にして、実施例2の電極を製造した。半金属層の厚みを3nmとし、また、第2下地層4として、厚み15nmのニオブからなる金属層を、半金属層(第1下地層3)の厚み方向一方面に形成した。なお、第2下地層4形成時のマグネトロンスパッタリング法の条件は、以下の通りである。
ターゲットパワー:0.4W/cm2
スパッタリングガス:アルゴン
スパッタリング室の圧力:0.2Pa
ニオブからなる金属層(第2下地層4)の厚みを表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例2の電極と同様にして、実施例3および実施例4の電極を製造した。
第1下地層3を形成しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様に処理をした。つまり、この電極1は、基材フィルム2と、第2下地層4と、導電性カーボン層5とを厚み方向一方側に向かって順に備えた。
半金属層に代えて、半金属酸化物層を形成した以外は、実施例1と同様に処理した。すなわち、マグネトロンスパッタ法によって、酸化ケイ素からなる半金属酸化物層を基材フィルム2の厚み方向一方面に形成した。マグネトロンスパッタリング法の条件は、以下の通りである。
ターゲットパワー:3.3W/cm2
スパッタリングガス:アルゴンと酸素(流量比で、9:1)
スパッタリングの圧力:0.2Pa
第1下地層3を形成しなかった以外は、それぞれ実施例2~4と同様に処理をした。つまり、比較例3~5の電極1は、基材フィルム2と、第2下地層4と、導電性カーボン層5とを厚み方向一方側に向かって順に備えた。
ポリエチレンテレフタレートからなる厚み188μmの基材フィルム2の厚み方向一方面に、マグネトロンスパッタリング法を用いて、ケイ素からなる半金属層(第1下地層3)を形成した試料1を準備した。第1下地層3形成時のマグネトロンスパッタリング法の条件は、実施例1と同様とした。また、半金属層の厚みは5nmとした。
[抵抗絶対値]
各実施例および各比較例の電極を、210×297mmサイズにカットし、NAPSON社製 NC-80LINEを用いて渦電流法測定により抵抗絶対値を測定した。長辺方向に非接触測定プローブユニットを掃引し、両端10mmのデータを除いたシート抵抗値の平均値を抵抗絶対値として用いた。抵抗絶対値に関して、その結果を表1に示す。また、比較例1、比較例3~5の電極の抵抗絶対値に第2下地層4の厚みを乗じて、第2下地層4の比抵抗(薄膜実測値)を算出した。なお、上記したように、第2下地層4の比抵抗が、導電性カーボン層5の比抵抗に対して十分に低いため、電極に対する、導電性カーボン層5の抵抗絶対値(Ω/□)の影響を無視できる。その結果を表1に示す。なお、比較例1、比較例3~5の第2下地層4のそれぞれの比抵抗(薄膜実測値)は、実施例1~4の第2下地層4の比抵抗(薄膜実測値)に相当する。
各実施例および各比較例において、電極の信頼性を以下の方法で評価した。すなわち、実施例1および各比較例の電極を、210×297mmサイズにカットし、室温・大気下にて1か月間保管した。保管前および保管後における、抵抗絶対値を上記の方法で測定した。保管前の抵抗絶対値と、保管後の抵抗絶対値より、下記式に基づいて、抵抗絶対値の変化率(信頼性)を算出した。そして、信頼性に関して、その結果を表1に示す。
抵抗絶対値の変化率(%)=(|保管前の抵抗絶対値-保管後の抵抗絶対値|)/保管前の抵抗絶対値×100
2 基材フィルム
3 第1下地層
4 第2下地層
5 導電性カーボン層
Claims (7)
- 基材フィルムと、
第1下地層と、
第2下地層と、
導電性カーボン層と
を厚み方向一方側に向かって順に備え、
前記第1下地層は、金属層または半金属層であり、
前記第2下地層は、金属層であり、
前記第1下地層の比抵抗が、前記第2下地層の比抵抗の10倍以上である、電極。 - 前記導電性カーボン層が、sp2結合およびsp3結合を有する、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記第2下地層は、チタンまたはニオブを含む、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記第2下地層の比抵抗が、3.0×10-4Ω・cm以下である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記第1下地層は、半金属層であって、ケイ素を含む、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記第1下地層の厚みが、3nm以上である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 電気化学測定用の電極である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の電極。
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| JP (1) | JPWO2024203071A1 (ja) |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016013478A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-01-28 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 薄膜積層フィルム |
| WO2019117112A1 (ja) | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極フィルムおよび電気化学測定システム |
| WO2021192248A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 子誠 朱 | 電極及び電極チップ |
| WO2022019299A1 (ja) | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-27 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極 |
| WO2022202715A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極 |
| WO2023127545A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-06 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極および電気化学測定システム |
-
2024
- 2024-03-06 EP EP24779206.2A patent/EP4692775A1/en active Pending
- 2024-03-06 WO PCT/JP2024/008518 patent/WO2024203071A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2024-03-06 CN CN202480016340.5A patent/CN120917307A/zh active Pending
- 2024-03-06 JP JP2025510144A patent/JPWO2024203071A1/ja active Pending
- 2024-03-19 TW TW113110130A patent/TW202438882A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016013478A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-01-28 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 薄膜積層フィルム |
| WO2019117112A1 (ja) | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-20 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極フィルムおよび電気化学測定システム |
| WO2021192248A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 子誠 朱 | 電極及び電極チップ |
| WO2022019299A1 (ja) | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-27 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極 |
| WO2022202715A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極 |
| WO2023127545A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-06 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極および電気化学測定システム |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4692775A1 |
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| TW202438882A (zh) | 2024-10-01 |
| CN120917307A (zh) | 2025-11-07 |
| JPWO2024203071A1 (ja) | 2024-10-03 |
| EP4692775A1 (en) | 2026-02-11 |
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