WO2024214830A1 - 熱硬化性光配向膜用樹脂組成物 - Google Patents
熱硬化性光配向膜用樹脂組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/58—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/17—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/02—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups
- C08L101/06—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by the presence of specified groups, e.g. terminal or pendant functional groups containing oxygen atoms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin composition for a thermosetting photoalignment film (also called a composition for forming a cured film), an alignment material, and a retardation material.
- a resin composition for a thermosetting photoalignment film also called a composition for forming a cured film
- an alignment material also called a composition for forming a cured film
- a retardation material also called a retardation material
- phase difference material In the case of circularly polarized glasses type 3D displays, a phase difference material is usually placed on a display element that forms an image, such as a liquid crystal panel.
- This phase difference material has two types of phase difference regions with different phase difference characteristics that are regularly arranged in multiples, constituting a patterned phase difference material.
- a patterned phase difference material such a phase difference material that is patterned so that multiple phase difference regions with different phase difference characteristics are arranged.
- the patterned retardation material can be produced by optically patterning a retardation material made of polymerizable liquid crystal, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.
- Optical patterning of a retardation material made of polymerizable liquid crystal utilizes photo-alignment technology known for forming alignment materials for liquid crystal panels. That is, a coating film made of a photo-alignable material is provided on a substrate, and two types of polarized light with different polarization directions are irradiated onto the coating film. Then, a photo-alignment film is obtained as an alignment material in which two types of liquid crystal alignment regions with different liquid crystal alignment control directions are formed. A solution-like retardation material containing polymerizable liquid crystal is applied onto this photo-alignment film to realize the alignment of the polymerizable liquid crystal. The aligned polymerizable liquid crystal is then cured to form a patterned retardation material.
- Anti-reflection films for organic EL displays are composed of a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave retardation plate, and external light heading toward the panel surface of the image display panel is converted into linearly polarized light by the linear polarizer, and then converted into circularly polarized light by the quarter-wave retardation plate.
- This circularly polarized external light is reflected by the surface of the image display panel, but the direction of rotation of the polarization plane is reversed during this reflection.
- this reflected light is converted by the quarter-wave retardation plate into linearly polarized light in a direction that is blocked by the linear polarizer, in the opposite direction to when it arrived, and is then blocked by the subsequent linear polarizer, resulting in significant suppression of emission to the outside.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a method of constructing this optical film with reverse dispersion characteristics by combining a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate to form a quarter-wave retardation plate.
- an optical film with reverse dispersion characteristics can be constructed using a liquid crystal material with positive dispersion characteristics in the wide wavelength band used to display color images.
- liquid crystal materials with reverse dispersion characteristics have been proposed as suitable for this retardation layer (Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 liquid crystal materials with reverse dispersion characteristics, instead of combining a half-wave plate and a quarter-wave plate to form a quarter-wave retardation plate with two retardation layers, it is possible to ensure reverse dispersion characteristics by forming the retardation layer from a single layer, thereby realizing an optical film with a simple configuration that can ensure the desired retardation over a wide wavelength band.
- An alignment layer is used to align liquid crystals.
- Known methods for forming an alignment layer include the rubbing method and the photoalignment method.
- the photoalignment method is useful in that it does not generate static electricity or dust, which is a problem with the rubbing method, and allows for quantitative control of the alignment process.
- acrylic resins and polyimide resins that have photodimerization sites such as cinnamoyl groups and chalcone groups in the side chains are known as photoalignment materials that can be used. It has been reported that these resins exhibit the ability to control the alignment of liquid crystals (hereinafter referred to as liquid crystal alignment) when irradiated with polarized UV light (see Patent Documents 5 to 7).
- Patent Document 10 describes a thermosetting liquid crystal alignment material using a resin composition having an N-alkoxymethyl group as a highly sensitive photoalignment agent.
- N-methylol groups are obtained by forming N-methylol groups through the reaction of amino groups with formaldehyde, so in principle they often contain trace amounts of formaldehyde.
- formaldehyde is designated as a hazardous substance under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act and is highly toxic to living organisms. It has also been shown by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to be carcinogenic. Furthermore, formaldehyde is released into the air from compounds used in building materials and furniture, causing sick house syndrome, which has become a problem.
- formaldehyde scavengers sold for the purpose of reducing formaldehyde in liquid compositions are recommended to be added to the composition at a rate of several percent to a maximum of about 20%, which may significantly reduce the functionality of the composition itself. Furthermore, even when multiple components are added, the risk of affecting the original performance of the composition increases the more types of components added.
- the present invention was made based on the above findings and study results. That is, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing formaldehyde in a liquid composition and a method for producing a liquid composition using said method.
- the present invention includes the following.
- Q1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group
- Q2 represents O, S, or NQ3
- Q3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- the dashed line represents a bond.
- the cured film-forming composition of the present invention comprises (A) a compound having a photoalignable group, (B) a structural unit having an N-hydroxymethyl group or an N-alkoxymethyl group, and a partial structure represented by formula (1): and (D) a crosslinking catalyst.
- A a compound having a photoalignable group
- B a structural unit having an N-hydroxymethyl group or an N-alkoxymethyl group
- D a crosslinking catalyst
- the component (A) in the cured film-forming composition of the present invention is a compound having a photoalignable group, more specifically, a low molecular weight compound or polymer having a photoalignable group and a thermal crosslinkable group. That is, the component (A) is a component that imparts photoalignment to the cured film obtained from the cured film-forming composition of the present invention, and in this specification, the component (A) is also referred to as a photoalignment component.
- the low molecular weight compound of the component (A) is a compound having a photoalignable group, and can be a compound further having one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an amide group, an amino group, and an alkoxysilyl group.
- the photo-alignable group generally refers to a functional group that exhibits the property of being aligned by irradiation with light, and typically refers to a functional group of a structural portion that undergoes photodimerization or photoisomerization.
- photo-alignable groups include, for example, functional groups that undergo a photo-Fries rearrangement reaction (example compounds: benzoic acid ester compounds, etc.), groups that undergo a photodecomposition reaction (example compounds: cyclobutane ring, etc.), etc.
- the photodimerizable structural moiety that the low molecular weight compound of component (A) can have as a photoalignment group is a moiety that forms a dimer upon irradiation with light, and specific examples include a cinnamoyl group, a chalcone group, a coumarin group, and an anthracene group. Of these, the cinnamoyl group is preferred due to its high transparency in the visible light region and high photodimerization reactivity.
- the photoisomerizable structural moiety that the low molecular weight compound of component (A) can have as a photoalignment group refers to a structural moiety that changes between cis and trans isomers upon irradiation with light, and specific examples include moieties consisting of an azobenzene structure, a stilbene structure, etc. Among these, an azobenzene structure is preferred due to its high reactivity.
- the low molecular weight compound having a photoalignable group and one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an amide group, an amino group, and an alkoxysilyl group is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula:
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- X11 is a structure in which 1 to 3 substituents selected from an alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenylene group, a biphenylene group, or a combination thereof are bonded via one or more bonds selected from a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urea bond, a urethane bond, an amino bond, a carbonyl bond, or a combination thereof, and a structure in which a plurality of the substituents are linked via the bond may be used.
- X12 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a cyclohexyl group, in which the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the phenyl group, the biphenyl group, and the cyclohexyl group may be bonded to two or more groups via a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, or a urea bond.
- X13 represents a hydroxy group, a mercapto group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a phenoxy group, a biphenyloxy group, or a phenyl group.
- X 14 represents a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aromatic ring group, or a divalent aliphatic ring group, where the alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be branched or linear.
- X 15 represents a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an amido group, an amino group or an alkoxysilyl group, provided that when X 14 is a single bond, X 15 is a hydroxy group or an amino group.
- X represents a single bond, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, provided that when X 14 is a single bond, X is also a single bond.
- the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring may be substituted with one or more identical or different substituents selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, and a cyano group.
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 and R 18 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a cyano group.
- low molecular weight compounds having a photoalignable group and a hydroxy group which are the component (A)
- compounds other than those formulas include, for example, 4-(8-hydroxyoctyloxy)cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-(4-hydroxybutyloxy)cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-(3-hydroxypropyloxy)cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-(2-hydroxyethyloxy)cinnamic acid methyl ester, cinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxymethyloxycinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-(8-hydroxyoctyloxy)cinnamic acid ethyl ester, 4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)cinnamic acid ethyl ester, 4-(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)cinna
- the low molecular weight compound having a photoalignable group and a carboxy group, which is component (A) include cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, 4-methoxycinnamic acid, 4-propoxycinnamic acid, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, coumarin-3-carboxylic acid, and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)cinnamic acid.
- the low molecular weight compound having a photoalignable group and an amide group, which is component (A) include cinnamic acid amide, 4-methylcinnamic acid amide, 4-ethylcinnamic acid amide, 4-methoxycinnamic acid amide, and 4-ethoxycinnamic acid amide.
- low molecular weight compound having a photoalignable group and an amino group, which is component (A) include 4-aminocinnamic acid methyl ester, 4-aminocinnamic acid ethyl ester, 3-aminocinnamic acid methyl ester, and 3-aminocinnamic acid ethyl ester.
- the low molecular weight compound having a photoalignable group and an alkoxysilyl group which is component (A)
- component (A) a compound in which a polymerizable group is bonded via a spacer to a group in which a photoalignment moiety and a thermally reactive moiety are bonded, as represented by the following formula (a-1):
- R 101 represents a hydroxy group, an amino group, a hydroxyphenoxy group, a carboxyphenoxy group, an aminophenoxy group, an aminocarbonylphenoxy group, a phenylamino group, a hydroxyphenylamino group, a carboxyphenylamino group, an aminophenylamino group, a hydroxyalkylamino group, or a bis(hydroxyalkyl)amino group;
- X 101 represents a phenylene group which may be substituted with any substituent; and the hydrogen atom on the benzene ring in the definitions of these substituents may be substituted with a substituent.
- substituents include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and isobutyl; haloalkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl; alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy; halogen atoms such as iodine, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine; cyano; and nitro.
- a hydroxy group and an amino group are preferred, and a hydroxy group is particularly preferred.
- the spacer is a divalent group selected from a linear alkylene group, a branched alkylene group, a cyclic alkylene group, and a phenylene group, or a group formed by bonding multiple divalent groups.
- the bond between the divalent groups constituting the spacer, the bond between the spacer and the group represented by the above formula (a-1), and the bond between the spacer and the polymerizable group can be a single bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urea bond, or an ether bond.
- the divalent groups may be the same or different, and when there are multiple bonds, the bonds may be the same or different.
- component (A) examples include 4-(6-methacryloxyhexyl-1-oxy)cinnamic acid, 4-(6-acryloxyhexyl-1-oxy)cinnamic acid, 4-(3-methacryloxypropyl-1-oxy)cinnamic acid, 4-(4-(3-methacryloxypropyl-1-oxy)acryloxy)benzoic acid, 4-(4-(6-methacryloxyhexyl-1-oxy)benzoyloxy)cinnamic acid, 4-(6-methacryloxyhexyl-1-oxy)cinnamamide, 4-(6-methacryloxyhexyl-1-oxy)-N-(4-cyanophenyl)cinnamamide, and 4-(6-methacryloxyhexyl-1-oxy)-N-bishydroxye
- low molecular weight photoalignment component (A) examples include those listed above, but are not limited to these.
- component (A) a low molecular weight compound can be used as component (A).
- component (A) may be a mixture of one or more low molecular weight compounds.
- the polymer of component (A) is a polymer having a photoalignment group, that is, a polymer having a functional group of a structural portion that is photodimerized or photoisomerized as a photoalignment group, particularly an acrylic copolymer having at least a photodimerization portion.
- the polymer is an acrylic copolymer having, in addition to the photodimerization portion, one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, an amide group, an amino group, and an alkoxysilyl group (hereinafter, these groups are also referred to as a thermal crosslinking portion).
- acrylic copolymer refers to a copolymer obtained by polymerizing monomers having unsaturated double bonds, such as acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, and styrene.
- the acrylic copolymer (A) having a photodimerization site and a thermal crosslinking site may be any acrylic copolymer having such a structure, and there are no particular limitations on the main chain skeleton and the type of side chain of the polymer constituting the acrylic copolymer.
- photodimerization sites examples include cinnamoyl groups, chalcone groups, coumarin groups, and anthracene groups. Of these, cinnamoyl groups are preferred due to their high transparency in the visible light region and high photodimerization reactivity. More preferred cinnamoyl groups and substituents containing a cinnamoyl structure include structures represented by the following formula [1] or formula [2]. In this specification, cinnamoyl groups in which the benzene ring is a naphthalene ring are also included in the "cinnamoyl group” and "substituents containing a cinnamoyl structure".
- X1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a biphenyl group, in which case the hydrogen atom on the phenyl group or the biphenyl group may be substituted with either a halogen atom or a cyano group.
- X2 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the phenyl group, the biphenyl group, and the cyclohexyl group may be bonded to each other via one or more bonds selected from a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urea bond, a urethane bond, an amino bond, a carbonyl bond, or a combination thereof.
- A represents any one of formulas [A1], [A2], [A3], [A4], [A5], and [A6].
- R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 and R 38 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a cyano group.
- the thermal crosslinking site is a site that bonds with the crosslinking agent (B) by heating, and specific examples include hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, amide groups, amino groups, and alkoxysilyl groups.
- the acrylic copolymer of component (A) preferably has a weight-average molecular weight of 3,000 to 200,000. If the weight-average molecular weight is too high, exceeding 200,000, the solubility in solvents may decrease, leading to poor handling properties. On the other hand, if the weight-average molecular weight is too low, below 3,000, the product may not cure sufficiently during heat curing, resulting in poor solvent resistance and poor heat resistance.
- the easiest method for synthesizing the acrylic copolymer having a photodimerization site and a thermal crosslinking site (A) is to copolymerize a monomer having a photodimerization site with a monomer having a thermal crosslinking site.
- Examples of monomers having a photodimerization site include monomers having a cinnamoyl group, a chalcone group, a coumarin group, an anthracene group, etc.
- monomers having a cinnamoyl group are particularly preferred due to their high transparency in the visible light region and high photodimerization reactivity.
- monomers having a cinnamoyl group of the structure represented by the above formula [1] or formula [2] and a substituent containing a cinnamoyl structure are more preferred.
- Specific examples of such monomers include monomers represented by the following formula [3] or formula [4].
- X1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a biphenyl group, in which case the hydrogen atom on the phenyl group or the biphenyl group may be substituted with either a halogen atom or a cyano group.
- L 1 and L 2 each independently represent a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urea bond or a urethane bond.
- X2 represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a cyclohexyl group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the phenyl group, the biphenyl group, and the cyclohexyl group may be bonded to each other via one or more bonds selected from a single bond, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a urea bond, a urethane bond, an amino bond, a carbonyl bond, or a combination thereof.
- X3 and X5 each independently represent a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a divalent aromatic ring, or a divalent aliphatic ring.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be branched or linear.
- X4 represents a polymerizable group.
- the polymerizable group include an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a styrene group, a maleimide group, an acrylamide group, and a methacrylamide group.
- A represents any one of formulas [A1], [A2], [A3], [A4], [A5], and [A6], as described above.
- Monomers having a thermal crosslinking site include, for example, monomers having a hydroxy group such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl acrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol monoacrylate, diethylene glycol monomethacrylate, caprolactone 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl ester, caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl ester, poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate, 5-acryloyloxy-6-hydroxynorbornene-2-carboxy-6-lactone, 5-methacryloyloxy-6-hydroxynorbornene-2-carboxy-6-lactone,
- the amounts of monomers having a photodimerization site and monomers having a thermal crosslinking site used to obtain the specific copolymer are preferably 40% by mass to 95% by mass for monomers having a photodimerization site and 5% by mass to 60% by mass for monomers having a thermal crosslinking site, based on the total amount of all monomers used to obtain the specific copolymer.
- the content of monomers having a photodimerization site 40% by mass or more, high sensitivity and good liquid crystal alignment properties can be imparted.
- by making it 95% by mass or less sufficient thermosetting properties can be imparted and high sensitivity and good liquid crystal alignment properties can be maintained.
- a monomer having a photodimerization site and a thermal crosslinking site (hereinafter, these are also referred to as specific functional groups) can be used in combination with a monomer copolymerizable therewith (hereinafter, also referred to as a monomer having a non-reactive functional group).
- Such monomers include acrylic acid ester compounds, methacrylic acid ester compounds, maleimide compounds, acrylamide compounds, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, styrene compounds, and vinyl compounds. Specific examples of the above monomers are given below, but the present invention is not limited to these.
- acrylic acid ester compounds mentioned above include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, naphthyl acrylate, anthryl acrylate, anthryl methyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, glycidyl acrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl acrylate, 2-methyl-2-adamantyl acrylate, 2-propyl-2-adamantyl acrylate, 8-methyl-8-tri
- methacrylic acid ester compounds mentioned above include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, naphthyl methacrylate, anthryl methacrylate, anthryl methyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, 3-methoxybutyl methacrylate, 2-methyl-2-adamantyl methacryl
- vinyl compounds mentioned above include methyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, vinyl naphthalene, vinyl carbazole, allyl glycidyl ether, 3-ethenyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, 1,2-epoxy-5-hexene, and 1,7-octadiene monoepoxide.
- styrene compounds mentioned above include styrene, methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, and bromostyrene.
- maleimide compounds mentioned above include maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide.
- the method for obtaining the specific copolymer used in the cured film-forming composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include a method in which a monomer having a specific functional group (a monomer having a photodimerization site and a monomer having a thermal crosslinking site), optionally a monomer having a non-reactive functional group, and a polymerization initiator are allowed to coexist in a solvent at a temperature of 50°C to 110°C.
- the solvent used is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the monomer having a specific functional group, the monomer having a non-reactive functional group that is used optionally, and the polymerization initiator. Specific examples include the solvents described below in the section on solvents.
- the specific copolymer thus obtained is usually in the form of a solution dissolved in a solvent, and can be used as is as the polymer solution of component (A) in the present invention.
- the solution of the specific copolymer obtained as described above can be reprecipitated by adding it to diethyl ether, water, or the like under stirring, and the resulting precipitate can be filtered and washed, and then dried at room temperature or by heating under normal or reduced pressure to obtain a powder of the specific copolymer.
- the polymerization initiator and unreacted monomers coexisting with the specific copolymer can be removed, and as a result, a powder of the purified specific copolymer can be obtained. If sufficient purification cannot be achieved by a single operation, the obtained powder can be redissolved in a solvent and the above operation can be repeated.
- the powder of the specific copolymer may be used as is as the polymer of component (A), or the powder may be redissolved in a solvent, for example, as described below, and used in the form of a solution.
- the polymer of component (A) can also be a polymer obtained by reacting a polymer having an epoxy group in the side chain with a cinnamic acid derivative.
- the polymer having an epoxy group in the side chain can be, for example, a polymer of a polymerizable unsaturated compound having an epoxy group or a copolymer of a polymerizable unsaturated compound having an epoxy group and another polymerizable unsaturated compound.
- polymerizable unsaturated compounds having an epoxy group include glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, ⁇ -ethyl acrylate, ⁇ -n-propyl acrylate, ⁇ -n-butyl acrylate, 3,4-epoxybutyl acrylate, 3,4-epoxybutyl methacrylate, 6,7-epoxyheptyl acrylate, 6,7-epoxyheptyl methacrylate, ⁇ -ethyl acrylate, o-vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether, m-vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether, and p-vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether.
- polymerizable unsaturated compounds include (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, (meth)acrylic acid cyclic alkyl esters, methacrylic acid aryl esters, acrylic acid aryl esters, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid diesters, bicyclounsaturated compounds, maleimide compounds, unsaturated aromatic compounds, conjugated diene compounds, unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, and other polymerizable unsaturated compounds.
- methacrylic acid alkyl esters such as hydroxymethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol monomethacrylate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-methacryloxyethyl glycoside, 4-hydroxyphenyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, sec-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, n-lauryl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, n-stearyl methacrylate, and the like; acrylic acid alkyl esters such as methyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, and the like; methacrylic acid cyclic alkyl esters such as cyclohexyl methacrylate
- Bicyclo unsaturated compounds for example, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-ethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-methoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-ethoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5,6-dimethoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5,6-diethoxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-(2'-hydroxyethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5,6-dihydroxybicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5,6-di(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5,6-di(2'-hydroxyethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-hydroxy-5-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-hydroxy
- the copolymerization ratio of the polymerizable unsaturated compound having an epoxy group in the polymer having an epoxy group in the side chain is preferably 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 50% by mass or more.
- the synthesis of a polymer having an epoxy group in the side chain can be carried out by a known radical polymerization method, preferably in a solvent in the presence of a suitable polymerization initiator.
- a commercially available product may be used as the polymer having an epoxy group in the side chain.
- examples of such commercially available products include EHPE3150, EHPE3150CE (both manufactured by Daicel Corporation), UG-4010, UG-4035, UG-4040, UG-4070 (both manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd., ARUFON series), ECN-1299 (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), DEN431, DEN438 (both manufactured by The Dow Chemical Company), jER -152 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), Epicron N-660, N-665, N-670, N-673, N-695, N-740, N-770, N-775 (all manufactured by DIC Corporation (formerly Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd.)), EOCN-1020, EOCN-102S, EOCN-104S (all manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), etc.
- Examples of the cinnamic acid derivative include cinnamic acid derivatives having a carboxy group, and examples thereof include those represented by the following formulas (1-1) to (1-5): (wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, etc.).
- a compound in which X 1 is a hydrogen atom in the monomer represented by the above formula [3] is also preferably used.
- the compounds represented by the above formulas (1-1) to (1-5) can be synthesized by appropriately combining standard methods of organic chemistry.
- the reaction product of the polymer having an epoxy group in the side chain and a cinnamic acid derivative can be synthesized by reacting the polymer having an epoxy group as described above with a cinnamic acid derivative, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, and preferably in a suitable organic solvent.
- the proportion of cinnamic acid derivative used in the reaction is preferably 0.01 to 1.5 moles, more preferably 0.05 to 1.3 moles, and even more preferably 0.1 to 1.1 moles per mole of epoxy groups contained in the polymer having epoxy groups.
- the catalyst that can be used here is a compound known as a curing accelerator that accelerates the reaction between an organic base or an epoxy compound and an acid anhydride.
- the above organic bases include, for example, primary or secondary organic amines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and pyrrole; tertiary organic amines such as triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and diazabicycloundecene; and quaternary organic amines such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
- primary or secondary organic amines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and pyrrole
- tertiary organic amines such as triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and diazabicycloundecene
- quaternary organic amines such as t
- tertiary organic amines such as triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, tri-n-pentylamine, pyridine, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine; and quaternary organic amines such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide are preferred.
- the above-mentioned curing accelerators include, for example, tertiary amines such as benzyldimethylamine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, cyclohexyldimethylamine, and triethanolamine; 2-methylimidazole, 2-n-heptylimidazole, 2-n-undecylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole.
- tertiary amines such as benzyldimethylamine, 2,4,6-tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, cyclohexyldimethylamine, and triethanolamine
- 2-methylimidazole 2-n-heptylimidazole, 2-n-undecylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole
- 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-methylimidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-n-undecylimidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylimidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)imidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenyl-4 ,5-di[(2'-cyanoethoxy)methyl]imidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-n-undecylimidazolium trimellitate, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylimidazolium trimellitate, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazolium trimellitate, 2,4
- Quaternary phosphonium salts such as benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide, methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, n-butyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium acetate, tetra-n-butylphosphonium o,o-diethylphosphorodithionate, tetra-n-butylphosphonium benzotriazolate, tetra-n-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, tetra-n-butylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, and tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate; diazabic
- quaternary phosphonium salts such as benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide, methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, n-butyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium acetate, tetra-n-butylphosphonium o,o-diethylphosphorodithionate, tetra-n-butylphosphonium benzotriazolate, tetra-n-butylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate, tetra-n-butylphosphonium tetraphenylborate, and tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylbor
- the catalyst is preferably used in an amount of 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.01 to 100 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the polymer having an epoxy group.
- organic solvent examples include hydrocarbon compounds, ether compounds, ester compounds, ketone compounds, amide compounds, and alcohol compounds.
- ether compounds, ester compounds, ketone compounds, and alcohol compounds are preferred from the viewpoints of the solubility of the raw materials and the product, and the ease of purifying the product.
- the solvent is used in an amount such that the solids concentration (the ratio of the mass of the components other than the solvent in the reaction solution to the total mass of the solution) is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 5 to 50% by mass.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 0 to 200°C, more preferably 50 to 150°C.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 50 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 20 hours.
- a solution containing a reaction product between a polymer having an epoxy group and a cinnamic acid derivative is obtained.
- This solution may be used as is to prepare a cured film-forming composition, or the polymer contained in the solution may be isolated and then used to prepare a cured film-forming composition, or the isolated polymer may be purified and then used to prepare a cured film-forming composition.
- the acrylic copolymer of component (A) may be a mixture of multiple specific copolymers.
- component (A) a high molecular weight specific copolymer can be used as component (A).
- component (A) may be a mixture of one or more specific copolymers.
- the component (B) contained in the cured film-forming composition of the present embodiment is a polymer having a structural unit having an N-hydroxymethyl group or an N-alkoxymethyl group, and a structural unit having a partial structure represented by the above formula (1), and more specifically, is a polymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer having an N-alkoxymethyl group or an N-hydroxymethyl group, and a monomer having a group represented by the above formula (1) (hereinafter, also referred to as specific copolymer 2).
- Preferred examples of the monomer having an N-alkoxymethyl group or an N-hydroxymethyl group include compounds represented by the following formula (X1). (In the formula, R 31 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R 32 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.)
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the above formula (X1) include acrylamide compounds or methacrylamide compounds substituted with a hydroxymethyl group or an alkoxymethyl group, such as N-hydroxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-methoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-ethoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, and N-butoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide.
- (meth)acrylamide refers to both methacrylamide and acrylamide.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by Q 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an i-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a 1-methyl-n-butyl group, a 2-methyl-n-butyl group, a 3-methyl-n-butyl group, a 1,1-dimethyl-n-propyl group, a 1,2-dimethyl-n-propyl group, a 2,2-dimethyl-n-propyl group, a 1-ethyl-n-propyl group, an n-hexyl group, a 1-methyl-n-pentyl group, a 2-methyl-n-n-
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by Q 1 is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- alkoxy groups include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an i-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an i-butoxy group, an s-butoxy group, a t-butoxy group, an n-pentoxy group, a 1-methyl-n-butoxy group, a 2-methyl-n-butoxy group, a 3-methyl-n-butoxy group, a 1,1-dimethyl-n-propoxy group, a 1,2-dimethyl-n-propoxy group, a 2,2-dimethyl-n-propoxy group, a 1-ethyl-n-propoxy group, an n-hexyloxy group, a 1-methyl-n-pentyloxy group, a 2-methyl-n-pentyloxy group, a 3-methyl-n
- Q2 represents O, S or NQ3
- Q3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms represented by Q3 include those having 1 to 4 carbon atoms among the specific examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by Q1 , preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group.
- Examples of monomers having a group represented by formula (1) include acetoacetoxyethyl acrylate, acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate, etc.
- the amount of the monomer having an N-hydroxymethyl group or an N-alkoxymethyl group and the monomer having a group represented by formula (1) used to obtain a polymer having a structural unit having an N-hydroxymethyl group or an N-alkoxymethyl group and a structural unit having a partial structure represented by formula (1) is preferably 10 mol% to 99.9 mol%, more preferably 30 mol% to 99 mol%, and even more preferably 50 mol% to 95 mol%, and the amount of the monomer having a group represented by formula (1) is preferably 0.1 mol% to 90 mol%, more preferably 1 mol% to 70 mol%, and even more preferably 5 mol% to 50 mol%, based on the total amount of all monomers used to obtain specific copolymer 2.
- a monomer having a non-reactive functional group As exemplified in the section on component (A) above, can be used.
- the total amount of the monomer having an N-hydroxymethyl group or an N-alkoxymethyl group and the monomer having a group represented by formula (1) is less than 100 mol%, the amount of the monomer having a non-reactive functional group used is the remaining portion.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polymer that is component (B) of such a polymer is preferably from 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably from 2,000 to 200,000, even more preferably from 3,000 to 150,000, and particularly preferably from 3,000 to 70,000.
- polymers of component (B) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the polymer having a structural unit having an N-hydroxymethyl group or an N-alkoxymethyl group as component (B) and a structural unit having a partial structure represented by the above formula (1) is preferably 10 parts by mass to 3,000 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 parts by mass to 2,500 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the compound as component (A).
- the cured film-forming composition of the present embodiment may further contain an ammonium salt as component (C).
- an ammonium salt By containing an ammonium salt, the reaction of capturing formaldehyde can be promoted, so that the amount of formaldehyde contained in the cured film-forming composition can be significantly reduced.
- the ammonium salt as component (C) include ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium fluoride, ammonium iodide, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium formate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium borate, and ammonium acetate is preferred in terms of availability.
- the content is preferably 0.001 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.01 parts by mass to 60 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the compound as component (A).
- the cured film-forming composition for forming a cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention contains, in addition to the above-mentioned components (A) and (B), and if necessary, the component (C), a crosslinking catalyst as component (D).
- the crosslinking catalyst that is the component (D) include an acid or a thermal acid generator.
- the component (D) is effective in promoting a thermal curing reaction in the formation of a cured film using the cured film-forming composition that forms a cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention.
- component (D) is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound containing a sulfonic acid group, hydrochloric acid or a salt thereof, or a compound that undergoes thermal decomposition during pre-bake or post-bake to generate an acid, i.e., a compound that undergoes thermal decomposition at a temperature of 60°C to 250°C to generate an acid.
- Such compounds include, for example, hydrochloric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, pentanesulfonic acid, octane sulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, p-phenolsulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, mesitylenesulfonic acid, p-xylene-2-sulfonic acid, m-xylene-2-sulfonic acid, 4-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, perfluoro(2-ethoxyethane)sulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, nonafluoro
- examples of compounds that generate acid when heated include bis(tosyloxy)ethane, bis(tosyloxy)propane, bis(tosyloxy)butane, p-nitrobenzyl tosylate, o-nitrobenzyl tosylate, 1,2,3-phenylene tris(methylsulfonate), p-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid morphonium salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid ethyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid propyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid butyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid isobutyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid methyl ester, p-toluenesulfonic acid phenethyl ester, cyanomethyl p-tol
- the (D) component is commercially available, and examples of such products include TA-100, TA-100FG, IK-1, IK-1FG (all manufactured by San-Apro Co., Ltd.), San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-B2A, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-B7, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-B3A, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-B3, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-B5, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-B4, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-150, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-110, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-60, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-80, San-Aid (registered trademark) SI-100 (all manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).
- the content of component (D) in the cured film-forming composition of the present invention is 0.01 to 500 parts by mass, preferably 0.01 to 400 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 300 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.1 to 200 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the photoalignment component (A).
- the content of component (D) 0.01 parts by mass or more, sufficient thermosetting properties and solvent resistance can be imparted, and high sensitivity to light exposure can also be imparted.
- the storage stability of the cured film-forming composition can be improved.
- the cured film-forming composition of the present embodiment may contain a hydrophilic polymer as the component (E).
- the polymer that is the component (E) may be a polymer having one or more kinds of substituents selected from a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, and an amino group (hereinafter, also referred to as a specific polymer).
- the specific polymer (E) is preferably a highly hydrophilic polymer with high hydrophilicity so that it is more hydrophilic than the component (A).
- the specific polymer is preferably a polymer having a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, or an amino group, and more specifically, is preferably a polymer having one or more types of substituents selected from a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, and an amino group.
- the polymer that is the component (E) include polymers having a straight-chain structure or a branched structure, such as acrylic polymers, urethane-modified acrylic polymers, polyamic acids, polyimides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyesters, polyester polycarboxylic acids, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polycaprolactone polyols, polyalkyleneimines, polyallylamine, celluloses (cellulose or derivatives thereof), phenol novolac resins, and melamine formaldehyde resins, as well as cyclic polymers such as cyclodextrins.
- the acrylic polymer may be a polymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer having an unsaturated double bond, such as an acrylic acid ester, a methacrylic acid ester, or styrene.
- the specific polymer that is component (E) is preferably hydroxyalkyl cyclodextrins, celluloses, acrylic polymers having at least one of a polyethylene glycol ester group and a hydroxyalkyl ester group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and at least one of a carboxy group and a phenolic hydroxy group, acrylic polymers having aminoalkyl groups on the side chains, acrylic polymers having hydroxyalkyl groups on the side chains such as polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and polycaprolactone polyols.
- the acrylic polymer having at least one of a polyethylene glycol ester group and a hydroxyalkyl ester group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and at least one of a carboxy group and a phenolic hydroxy group, which is a preferred example of the specific polymer of component (E), is not particularly limited as long as it has such a structure, and there are no particular limitations on the type of the main chain skeleton and side chains of the polymer constituting the acrylic polymer.
- a preferred structural unit is represented by the following formula [E1].
- a structural unit having at least one of a carboxy group and a phenolic hydroxy group is represented by the following formula [E2].
- X3 and X4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- Y1 represents a H-( OCH2CH2 ) n- group (wherein the value of n is 2 to 50, preferably 2 to 10) or a hydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms
- Y2 represents a group having a carboxy group or a phenolic hydroxy group.
- the acrylic polymer which is an example of component (E), preferably has a weight-average molecular weight of 3,000 to 200,000, more preferably 4,000 to 150,000, and even more preferably 5,000 to 100,000. If the weight-average molecular weight is too large, exceeding 200,000, the solubility in solvents may decrease, leading to poor handling properties, while if the weight-average molecular weight is too small, less than 3,000, the polymer may not be sufficiently cured during heat curing, resulting in poor solvent resistance and heat resistance.
- the weight-average molecular weight is a value obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene as a standard material. The same applies hereinafter in this specification.
- a simple method for synthesizing an acrylic polymer which is an example of component (E), is to copolymerize a monomer having at least one of a polyethylene glycol ester group and a hydroxyalkyl ester group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as e1 monomer) with a monomer having at least one of a carboxy group and a phenolic hydroxy group (hereinafter also referred to as e2 monomer).
- the above-mentioned monomer having a polyethylene glycol ester group may be a monoacrylate or monomethacrylate of H-(OCH 2 CH 2 ) n -OH.
- Examples of the monomer having a hydroxyalkyl ester group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms as described above include 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, and N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide.
- Examples of the monomer having a carboxy group include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and vinylbenzoic acid.
- Examples of the monomer having a phenolic hydroxy group include p-hydroxystyrene, m-hydroxystyrene, and o-hydroxystyrene.
- a monomer other than e1 monomer and e2 monomer specifically a monomer having neither a hydroxy group nor a carboxy group, can be used in combination as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- Such monomers include, for example, acrylic acid ester compounds such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, and tert-butyl acrylate; methacrylic acid ester compounds such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, and tert-butyl methacrylate; maleimide compounds such as maleimide, N-methylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide; acrylamide compounds, acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, styrene compounds, and vinyl compounds.
- acrylic acid ester compounds such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate
- the amounts of e1 monomer and e2 monomer used to obtain the acrylic polymer, which is an example of component (E), are preferably 2 mol% to 95 mol% for e1 monomer and 5 mol% to 98 mol% for e2 monomer, based on the total amount of all monomers used to obtain the acrylic polymer, which is component (E).
- the e1 monomer accounts for 60 mol % to 95 mol % and the e2 monomer accounts for 5 mol % to 40 mol % based on the total amount of all monomers used to obtain the acrylic polymer, which is the component (E).
- the e1 monomer is 2 mol% to 80 mol% and the e2 monomer is 20 mol% to 98 mol%. If the e2 monomer is too small, the liquid crystal alignment property is likely to be insufficient, and if it is too large, the compatibility with the (A) component is likely to decrease.
- the method for obtaining an acrylic polymer which is an example of component (E), is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be obtained by a polymerization reaction at a temperature of 50°C to 110°C in a solvent in which e1 monomer, e2 monomer, and optionally monomers other than e1 monomer and e2 monomer, and a polymerization initiator, etc. are present.
- the solvent used in this case is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves e1 monomer, e2 monomer, and optionally monomers other than e1 monomer and e2 monomer, and a polymerization initiator, etc. Specific examples are described in the section on ⁇ Solvent> below.
- An acrylic polymer having an aminoalkyl group on the side chain which is a preferred example of the specific polymer of component (E), can be, for example, a polymer of an aminoalkyl ester monomer such as aminoethyl acrylate, aminoethyl methacrylate, aminopropyl acrylate, or aminopropyl methacrylate, or a copolymer of the aminoalkyl ester monomer with one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of the e1 monomer, the e2 monomer, and monomers other than these monomers, such as monomers having neither a hydroxyl group nor a carboxyl group.
- an aminoalkyl ester monomer such as aminoethyl acrylate, aminoethyl methacrylate, aminopropyl acrylate, or aminopropyl methacrylate
- An acrylic polymer having a hydroxyalkyl group on the side chain which is a preferred example of the specific polymer of component (E), can be, for example, a polymer of a hydroxyalkyl ester monomer such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxypentyl acrylate, or hydroxypentyl methacrylate, or a copolymer of the hydroxyalkyl ester monomer with one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of the e1 monomer, the e2 monomer, and monomers other than these monomers, for example, monomers having neither a hydroxy group nor a carboxy group.
- a hydroxyalkyl ester monomer such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acryl
- the acrylic polymer which is an example of component (E) obtained by the above method, is usually in the form of a solution dissolved in a solvent.
- the solution of the acrylic polymer, which is an example of component (E), obtained by the above method can be poured into diethyl ether or water under stirring to cause reprecipitation, and the resulting precipitate can be filtered and washed, and then dried at room temperature or by heating under normal or reduced pressure to obtain a powder of the acrylic polymer, which is an example of component (E).
- the polymerization initiator and unreacted monomers coexisting with the acrylic polymer, which is an example of component (E) can be removed, and as a result, a purified powder of the acrylic polymer, which is an example of component (E), can be obtained. If sufficient purification cannot be achieved by a single operation, the obtained powder can be redissolved in a solvent and the above operation can be repeated.
- Polyether polyols which are preferred examples of the specific polymer of component (E), include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and propylene glycol, as well as addition or condensation products of polyhydric alcohols such as bisphenol A, triethylene glycol, and sorbitol with propylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, etc.
- polyether polyols include ADEKA's ADEKA Polyether P series, G series, EDP series, BPX series, FC series, and CM series; NOF's UNIOX (registered trademark) HC-40, HC-60, ST-30E, ST-40E, G-450, and G-750; UNIOL (registered trademark) TG-330, TG-1000, TG-3000, TG-4000, HS-1600D, DA-400, DA-700, and DB-400; and NONION (registered trademark) LT-221, ST-221, and OT-221.
- a preferred example of the specific polymer of component (E), namely polyester polyol, is one obtained by reacting polycarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid with diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol.
- polycarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid
- diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol.
- polyester polyols include Polylite (registered trademark) OD-X-286, OD-X-102, OD-X-355, OD-X-2330, OD-X-240, OD-X-668, OD-X-2108, OD-X-2376, OD-X-2044, OD-X-688, OD-X-2068, OD-X-2547, OD-X-2420, OD-X-2523, OD-X-2555, and OD-X-256 manufactured by DIC.
- a preferred example of the specific polymer of component (E) is polycaprolactone polyol, which is obtained by ring-opening polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactam using a polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane or ethylene glycol as an initiator.
- polycaprolactone polyol include Polylite (registered trademark) OD-X-2155, OD-X-640, and OD-X-2568 manufactured by DIC, and Plaxel (registered trademark) 205, L205AL, 205U, 208, 210, 212, L212AL, 220, 230, 240, 303, 305, 308, 312, and 320 manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a preferred example of the specific polymer of component (E), polycarbonate polyol is one obtained by reacting a polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane or ethylene glycol with diethyl carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, etc.
- polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane or ethylene glycol
- polycarbonate polyols include Plaxel (registered trademark) CD205, CD205PL, CD210, CD220, C-590, C-1050, C-2050, C-2090, C-3090, etc., manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Cellulose which is a preferred example of the specific polymer of component (E), includes hydroxyalkyl celluloses such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl alkyl celluloses such as hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, and cellulose, etc., and for example, hydroxyalkyl celluloses such as hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose are preferred.
- Cyclodextrin which is a preferred example of the specific polymer of component (E), includes cyclodextrins such as ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin, methylated cyclodextrins such as methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxymethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxymethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxymethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxymethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxyethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxyethyl- ⁇ ...
- hydroxyalkyl cyclodextrins examples include 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 3-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 3-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 3-hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
- An example of a preferred specific polymer of component (E) is a phenol novolac resin, such as a phenol-formaldehyde polycondensate.
- the polymer of component (E) may be used in powder form, or in solution form in which the refined powder is redissolved in a solvent described below.
- the polymer of component (E) may be a mixture of multiple types of polymers of component (E).
- the content is preferably 10 parts by mass to 1,000 parts by mass, and more preferably 30 parts by mass to 500 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the photoalignment component (A).
- the cured film-forming composition of the present invention may also contain, as the component (F), a component that improves the adhesiveness of the cured film to be formed (hereinafter also referred to as an adhesion improving component).
- a component that improves the adhesiveness of the cured film to be formed hereinafter also referred to as an adhesion improving component.
- the adhesion improving component (F) can link the polymerizable functional group of the polymerizable liquid crystal and the crosslinking reaction site of the alignment material by a covalent bond so that the adhesion between the alignment material obtained from the cured film-forming composition of the present invention and the layer of polymerizable liquid crystal is improved.
- the retardation material of this embodiment which is formed by laminating a cured polymerizable liquid crystal on the alignment material of this embodiment, can maintain strong adhesion even under high temperature and high humidity conditions and can exhibit high durability against peeling, etc.
- the component (F) is preferably a monomer or polymer having a group selected from a hydroxy group and an N-alkoxymethyl group, and a polymerizable group.
- Examples of such component (F) include a compound having a hydroxy group and a (meth)acrylic group, a compound having an N-alkoxymethyl group and a (meth)acrylic group, a polymer having an N-alkoxymethyl group and a (meth)acrylic group, etc. Specific examples of each are shown below.
- An example of the component (F) is a polyfunctional acrylate containing a hydroxy group (hereinafter, also referred to as a hydroxy group-containing polyfunctional acrylate).
- examples of the hydroxyl group-containing polyfunctional acrylate that is the component (F) include pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, etc.
- Commercially available products include KAYARAD PET-30 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.).
- component (F) is a compound having one acrylic group and one or more hydroxyl groups. Specific examples include 10-hydroxydecyl acrylate, 10-hydroxydecyl methacrylate, and 12-hydroxydodecyl methacrylate.
- R 31 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 32 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the above formula (X1) include acrylamide compounds or methacrylamide compounds substituted with a hydroxymethyl group or an alkoxymethyl group, such as N-hydroxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-methoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-ethoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, and N-butoxymethyl(meth)acrylamide.
- (meth)acrylamide refers to both methacrylamide and acrylamide.
- Preferred examples of the compound having a polymerizable group containing a C ⁇ C double bond and an N-alkoxymethyl group as the component (F) include the following compounds.
- the content of the (F) component in the liquid crystal alignment agent according to an embodiment of the present invention is preferably 1 to 200 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 150 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the alignment component (A).
- the cured film-forming composition according to an embodiment of the present invention may contain other additives as long as the additives do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- a sensitizer may be contained. The sensitizer is effective in promoting the photoreaction when forming a cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention.
- Sensitizers include derivatives of benzophenone, anthracene, anthraquinone, and thioxanthone, as well as nitrophenyl compounds.
- N,N-diethylaminobenzophenone, a derivative of benzophenone, and 2-nitrofluorene, 2-nitrofluorenone, 5-nitroacenaphthene, 4-nitrobiphenyl, 4-nitrocinnamic acid, 4-nitrostilbene, 4-nitrobenzophenone, and 5-nitroindole, which are nitrophenyl compounds, are particularly preferred.
- sensitizers are not limited to those mentioned above. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more compounds.
- the proportion of the sensitizer used is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of component (A). If this proportion is too small, the effect of the sensitizer may not be fully obtained, and if it is too large, the transmittance of the cured film formed may decrease and the coating film may become rough.
- the cured film-forming composition according to an embodiment of the present invention may also contain other additives, such as silane coupling agents, surfactants, rheology modifiers, pigments, dyes, storage stabilizers, defoamers, and antioxidants, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- additives such as silane coupling agents, surfactants, rheology modifiers, pigments, dyes, storage stabilizers, defoamers, and antioxidants, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the cured film-forming composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is often used in a state of solution in a solvent.
- the solvent used in this case dissolves the components (A), (B), and (D), and optionally the components (C), (E), and (F), and other additives, and the type and structure of the solvent are not particularly limited as long as the solvent has such dissolving ability.
- solvents include ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol propyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether acetate, cyclopentyl methyl ether, toluene, xylene, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 2-butanone, 3-methyl-2-pentanone.
- esters examples include ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate, ethyl 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, ethyl ethoxyacetate, ethyl hydroxyacetate, methyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, methyl 3-ethoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isopropanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the solvent is commercially available, and examples of such solvents include Neoethanol (registered trademark) PM, Neoethanol (registered trademark) MIP, Neoethanol (registered trademark) IPM, Neoethanol (registered trademark) IPE, Neoethanol (registered trademark) PHI, Neoethanol (registered trademark) MHI, Neoethanol (registered trademark) PIP, Neoethanol (registered trademark) HIMTE, Neoethanol (registered trademark) PHM, Neoethanol (registered trademark) IPME, and Neoethanol (registered trademark) P-7 (all manufactured by Taishin Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, propylene glycol propyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, methyl 3-ethoxypropionate, and neoethanol (registered trademark) IPM are more preferred due to their excellent film-forming properties and high safety.
- the composition for forming the cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention is a composition in which the photoalignment component (A), the polymer having a structural unit having an N-hydroxymethyl group or an N-alkoxymethyl group and a structural unit having a partial structure represented by the above formula (1) as component (B), and the crosslinking catalyst as component (D) are dissolved in a solvent.
- the composition may further contain an ammonium salt as component (C), a hydrophilic polymer as component (E), and an adhesion improving component as component (F).
- Other additives may also be contained as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- a resin composition for forming a retardation material comprising: (A) a photoalignment component; 10 parts by mass to 2,000 parts by mass of a (B) component based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; and 0.01 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass of a (D) crosslinking catalyst based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component.
- a resin composition for forming a retardation material comprising (A) a photoalignment component, 10 parts by mass to 2,000 parts by mass of (B) component based on 100 parts by mass of (A), 0.001 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of (C) an ammonium salt based on 100 parts by mass of (A), and 0.01 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass of (D) a crosslinking catalyst based on 100 parts by mass of (A).
- a resin composition for forming a retardation material comprising: (A) a photoalignment component; 10 parts by mass to 2000 parts by mass of a (B) component based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; 0.001 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of a (C) ammonium salt based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; 0.01 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass of a (D) crosslinking catalyst relative to 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; and 10 parts by mass to 1000 parts by mass of a (E) base polymer based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component.
- a resin composition for forming a retardation material comprising: (A) a photoalignment component; 10 parts by mass to 2,000 parts by mass of a (B) component based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; 0.01 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass of a (D) crosslinking catalyst based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; and 10 parts by mass to 1,000 parts by mass of a (E) base polymer based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component.
- a resin composition for forming a retardation material comprising (A) a photoalignment component, 10 parts by mass to 2,000 parts by mass of (B) component based on 100 parts by mass of (A), 0.001 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of (C) ammonium salt based on 100 parts by mass of (A), 0.01 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass of (D) crosslinking catalyst relative to 100 parts by mass of (A), and 1 part by mass to 200 parts by mass of (F) component based on 100 parts by mass of (A).
- a resin composition for forming a retardation material comprising: (A) a photoalignment component; 10 parts by mass to 2000 parts by mass of (B) component based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; 0.001 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of (C) an ammonium salt based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; 0.01 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass of (D) a crosslinking catalyst relative to 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; 10 parts by mass to 1000 parts by mass of (E) base polymer based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; and 1 part by mass to 200 parts by mass of (F) component based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component.
- a resin composition for forming a retardation material comprising: (A) a photoalignment component; 10 parts by mass to 2000 parts by mass of a (B) component based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; 0.01 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass of a (D) crosslinking catalyst relative to 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; 10 parts by mass to 1000 parts by mass of an (E) base polymer based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component; and 1 part by mass to 200 parts by mass of a (F) component based on 100 parts by mass of the (A) component.
- the blending ratio, preparation method, etc., when the composition for forming the cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention is used as a solution will be described in detail below.
- the proportion of solids in the composition forming the cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as each component is uniformly dissolved in the solvent, but is 1% by mass to 80% by mass, preferably 2% by mass to 60% by mass, and more preferably 3% by mass to 40% by mass.
- the solids refers to all the components of the cured film-forming composition excluding the solvent.
- the method for preparing the composition that forms the cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the preparation method include a method in which a solution of component (B) dissolved in a solvent is mixed with component (A), and optionally components (C), (D), and further optionally components (E) and (F) in a predetermined ratio to form a homogeneous solution, or a method in which other additives are further added and mixed as necessary at an appropriate stage of this preparation method.
- the solution of the specific copolymer 2 (component (B)) obtained by polymerization reaction in a solvent can be used as is.
- the solution of component (B) obtained by copolymerizing the monomer having the above-mentioned N-hydroxymethyl group or N-alkoxymethyl group, the monomer having the group represented by formula (1), and other monomers as desired is added to the solution of component (A), and further component (C) as desired, and further component (D), component (E), etc. to make a homogeneous solution.
- a solvent may be added for the purpose of adjusting the concentration.
- the solvent used in the manufacturing process of component (B) and the solvent used to adjust the concentration of the cured film-forming composition may be the same or different.
- the solution of the cured film-forming composition thus prepared is preferably filtered using a filter having a pore size of about 0.2 ⁇ m before being used to form the cured film.
- the cured film can be obtained by applying a solution of the cured film-forming composition of the present embodiment onto a substrate (e.g., a silicon/silicon dioxide coated substrate, a silicon nitride substrate, a substrate coated with a metal, for example, aluminum, molybdenum, chromium, or the like, a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, an ITO substrate, or the like) or a film (e.g., a resin film such as a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, a cycloolefin polymer film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, or an acrylic film) by bar coating, spin coating, flow coating, roll coating, slit coating, spin coating followed by slit coating, inkjet coating, printing, or the like to form a coating film, and then heating and drying the coating on a hot plate or in an oven, or the like to form a cured film.
- a substrate e.g., a silicon/silicon dioxide coated substrate
- the conditions for heat drying are such that when a cured film is used as a liquid crystal alignment film, the curing reaction proceeds to such an extent that the components of the liquid crystal alignment film are not dissolved in the polymerizable liquid crystal solution applied thereon.
- a heating temperature and a heating time appropriately selected from the ranges of 50°C to 200°C and 0.4 to 60 minutes are used.
- the heating temperature and heating time are preferably 60°C to 160°C and 0.5 to 10 minutes.
- the thickness of the cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and can be appropriately selected taking into consideration the step and optical and electrical properties of the resin film used as the substrate.
- the optical film of the present invention thus produced can be irradiated with polarized UV light to cause the cured film formed on the substrate to function as a liquid crystal alignment film, i.e., as a member that aligns compounds having liquid crystallinity, including polymerizable liquid crystals, and the optical film can be used as an alignment material.
- a liquid crystal alignment film i.e., as a member that aligns compounds having liquid crystallinity, including polymerizable liquid crystals
- Polarized UV irradiation usually uses ultraviolet to visible light with wavelengths between 150 nm and 450 nm, and is performed by irradiating linearly polarized light from a vertical or oblique direction at room temperature or in a heated state.
- the cured film that becomes the liquid crystal alignment film has solvent resistance and heat resistance, so that after a retardation material made of a polymerizable liquid crystal solution is applied onto this alignment material, the retardation material is put into a liquid crystal state by heating it to the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal, and is aligned on the alignment material.
- the retardation material in the desired alignment state can then be cured as is to form a retardation material having a layer with optical anisotropy.
- the retardation material for example, a liquid crystal monomer having a polymerizable group and a composition containing the same are used.
- the retardation material of the present invention is useful as a retardation film. Retardation materials that form such retardation materials are in a liquid crystal state and can assume an alignment state such as horizontal alignment, cholesteric alignment, vertical alignment, and hybrid alignment on the alignment material, and each can be used according to the required retardation characteristics.
- the cured film on the surface of the optical film of the present invention is exposed to polarized UV light through a line-and-space pattern mask at, for example, +45 degrees from a predetermined reference, and then the mask is removed and exposed to polarized UV light at a lower exposure at -45 degrees.
- a line-and-space pattern mask at, for example, +45 degrees from a predetermined reference
- the mask is removed and exposed to polarized UV light at a lower exposure at -45 degrees.
- a retardation material made of a polymerizable liquid crystal solution is applied onto the alignment material, and the retardation material is put into a liquid crystal state by heating to the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal in the liquid crystal state is oriented on the alignment material in which the two types of liquid crystal alignment regions are formed, forming an alignment state corresponding to each liquid crystal alignment region.
- the retardation material in which such an alignment state has been realized is cured as it is to fix the above-mentioned alignment state, and a patterned retardation material in which two types of retardation regions with different retardation characteristics are regularly arranged in multiples can be obtained.
- the optical film of the present invention can also be used as a liquid crystal alignment film for a liquid crystal display element.
- the optical film of the present embodiment formed as described above can be used to laminate the alignment materials of both optical films with a spacer interposed therebetween so that they face each other, and then liquid crystal can be injected between the substrates to produce a liquid crystal display element in which the liquid crystal is aligned. Therefore, the optical film of the present invention can be suitably used in the production of various retardation materials (retardation films) and liquid crystal display elements.
- BMAA N-butoxymethylacrylamide
- AAEM (2-acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (monomer having a group represented by formula (1))
- 4HBA 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (e1 monomer)
- MMA Methyl methacrylate (e2 monomer)
- AIBN ⁇ , ⁇ '-azobisisobutyronitrile
- MAIB 2,2'-azobis(isobutyric acid) dimethyl
- ⁇ Component D Crosslinking catalyst>
- PTSA p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate
- CSA ( ⁇ )-10-camphorsulfonic acid
- PPTS pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate
- PEPO Polylite (registered trademark) 8651 (manufactured by DIC Corporation, polyester polyol)
- RMK Maximol (registered trademark) RMK-342 (Kawasaki Chemical Industries, Ltd., polyester polyol)
- HPC NISSO HPC-SSL (Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., hydroxypropyl cellulose)
- HDC-DA 10HDA: 10-hydroxydecyl acrylate 10HDMA: 10-hydroxydecyl methacrylate 12HDDMA: 12-hydroxydodecyl methacrylate PET30: KAYARAD PET-30 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., a mixture of pentaerythritol triacrylate and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate)
- MEK-ST-L Organosilica sol MEK-ST-L (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) (30% by mass MEK dispersion)
- Example 1 Formaldehyde in the composition was detected by derivatization by the acetylacetone method.
- the acetylacetone method is a method in which a sample solution is mixed with a reaction solution and labeled according to the reaction of the following formula 1.
- 15 g of ammonium acetate, 600 ⁇ L of acetic acid, and 500 ⁇ L of acetylacetone were diluted to 200 mL with MilliQ ultrapure water according to the general protocol of the acetylacetone method and used as the reaction solution.
- Examples 2 to 34 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out, except that A-1 was replaced with A-2 to A-34, and the formaldehyde concentration was quantified. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- ⁇ Preparation Example 45 PPTS (1.0 g) as a catalyst and PM (19.0 g) as a solvent were added, stirred for 1 hour, and visually confirmed to be dissolved. The solution was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to prepare a catalyst solution (D-2).
- ⁇ Preparation Example 46 CSA (2.0 g) as a catalyst and PM (18.0 g) as a solvent were added, stirred for 1 hour, and visually confirmed to be dissolved. The solution was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m to prepare a catalyst solution (D-3).
- Examples 36 to 45, 52, and 55 to 62> The same procedure as in Example 35 was carried out, but A-1 was replaced with A-2 to 11, A-18, and A-21 to A-28, to obtain liquid crystal alignment agents AL-2 to 11, AL-18, and AL-21 to 28.
- the amounts of the components are shown in Table 3.
- Example 46 A-12 (2.00 g) obtained in Preparation Example 12 was mixed with D-2 (0.12 g) obtained in Preparation Example 45 and EA (0.54 g) as a dilution solvent, and stirred for 1 minute to obtain liquid crystal alignment agent AL-12.
- the blending amounts of the components are shown in Table 3.
- Example 47 to 49 The same procedure as in Example 46 was carried out, but A-12 was replaced with A-13 to A-15, to obtain liquid crystal aligning agents AL-13 to AL-15.
- the amounts of the components, etc., added are shown in Table 3.
- Example 16 The same procedure as in Example 46 was carried out, except that A-12 was replaced with B-7, to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent BL-7.
- the amounts of the components are shown in Table 3.
- Example 50 A-16 (2.00 g) obtained in Preparation Example 16 was mixed with D-3 (0.08 g) obtained in Preparation Example 46 and EA (0.5 g) and IPM (1.3 g) as dilution solvents, and stirred for 24 hours to obtain liquid crystal alignment agent AL-16.
- the blending amounts of the components are shown in Table 3.
- Examples 51, 53 to 54, and 63 to 68> The same procedure as in Example 50 was carried out, but A-16 was replaced with A-17, A-19 to A-20, and A-29 to A-34, to obtain liquid crystal aligning agents AL-17, AL-19 to AL-20, and AL-29 to AL-34.
- the amounts of the components are shown in Table 3.
- Example 69 The liquid crystal alignment agent (AL-1) obtained in Example 35 was applied to a TAC film as a substrate with a wet film thickness of 4 ⁇ m using a bar coater. Heat drying was performed at 120 ° C. for 1 minute in a hot air circulation oven to form a cured film on the film. Then, linearly polarized light having a wavelength of 313 nm was irradiated vertically on the surface of the cured film with an exposure amount of 10 mJ / cm 2 to form a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Polymerizable liquid crystal solution for horizontal alignment RMS16-089 (manufactured by Merck) was applied to the liquid crystal alignment film with a wet film thickness of 12 ⁇ m using a bar coater. Next, after heat drying was performed in an oven at 72 ° C. for 1 minute, the polymerizable liquid crystal was cured by vertically irradiating non-polarized light having a wavelength of 365 nm with an exposure amount of 500 mJ / cm 2 under nitrogen, and a retardation film was produced.
- Example 79 The liquid crystal alignment agent (AL-11) obtained in Example 45 was applied to a TAC film as a substrate with a wet film thickness of 4 ⁇ m using a bar coater. Heat drying was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes to form a cured film on the film. Then, linearly polarized light having a wavelength of 313 nm was irradiated vertically on the surface of the cured film with an exposure amount of 20 mJ / cm 2 to form a liquid crystal alignment film. Polymerizable liquid crystal solution LC-1 for horizontal alignment was applied to the liquid crystal alignment film with a wet film thickness of 10 ⁇ m using a bar coater.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal was cured by vertically irradiating with non-polarized light having a wavelength of 365 nm with an exposure amount of 400 mJ / cm 2 under nitrogen, and a retardation film was produced.
- Example 80 to 83, 89 to 96, Comparative Examples 24 to 25> Using (AL-12) to (AL-15), (AL-21) to (AL-28), and (BL-6) to (BL-7) as liquid crystal aligning agents, retardation films were prepared in the same manner as in Example 79.
- Example 84 The liquid crystal alignment agent (AL-16) obtained in Example 50 was applied to an acrylic film as a substrate with a wet film thickness of 10 ⁇ m using a bar coater. Heat drying was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 90 ° C. for 1 minute to form a cured film on the film. Then, linearly polarized light having a wavelength of 313 nm was irradiated vertically on the surface of the cured film with an exposure amount of 20 mJ / cm 2 to form a liquid crystal alignment film. Polymerizable liquid crystal solution LC-1 for horizontal alignment was applied to the liquid crystal alignment film with a wet film thickness of 8 ⁇ m using a bar coater.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal was cured by vertically irradiating non-polarized light having a wavelength of 365 nm with an exposure amount of 500 mJ / cm 2 under nitrogen, and a retardation film was produced.
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Abstract
Description
[1](A)光配向性基を有する化合物、
(B)N-ヒドロキシメチル基又はN-アルコキシメチル基を有する構造単位と、下記式(1)で表される部分構造を有する構造単位とを有する重合体、及び
(D)架橋触媒
を含む硬化膜形成用組成物。
[2](A)成分の光配向性基が光二量化又は光異性化する構造の官能基である上記[1]に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
[3](A)成分の光配向性基がシンナモイル基である上記[1]に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
[4](A)成分の光配向性基がアゾベンゼン構造の基である上記[1]に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
[5](C)成分として、アンモニウム塩を含有する上記[1]に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
[6]アンモニウム塩が酢酸アンモニウムである上記[5]に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
[7]上記[1]ないし[6]のいずれかに記載の硬化膜形成組成物を用いて得られる配向材。
[8]上記[1]ないし[6]のいずれかに記載の硬化膜形成組成物から得られる硬化膜を使用して形成される位相差材。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は、(A)光配向性基有する化合物、(B)N-ヒドロキシメチル基又はN-アルコキシメチル基を有する構造単位と、式(1)で表される部分構造を有する構造単位とを有する重合体及び(D)架橋触媒を含む硬化膜形成用組成物である。
以下、各成分の詳細を説明する。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物における(A)成分は、光配向性基を有する化合物であり、より詳細には、光配向性基及び熱架橋性基を有する低分子化合物又はポリマーである。すなわち(A)成分は、本発明の硬化膜形成組成物から得られる硬化膜に光配向性を付与する成分であり、本明細書において、(A)成分を光配向成分とも称する。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物において、(A)成分の低分子化合物は光配向性基を有する化合物であって、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基、アミド基、アミノ基及びアルコキシシリル基からなる群から選ばれる一つの基をさらに有する化合物とすることができる。
尚、本発明において、光配向性基とは、一般に光照射によって配向する性質を発揮する官能基を指し、代表的には光二量化又は光異性化する構造部位の官能基を言う。その他の光配向性基としては、たとえば光フリース転位反応を起こす官能基(例示化合物:安息香酸エステル化合物など)、光分解反応を起こす基(例示化合物;シクロブタン環など)などが挙げられる。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物において、(A)成分のポリマーは光配向性基を有する重合体であって、すなわち光配向性基として光二量化又は光異性化する構造部位の官能基を有する重合体、特に少なくとも光二量化部位を有するアクリル共重合体であることが好ましい。さらに、光二量化部位に加え、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基、アミド基、アミノ基及びアルコキシシリル基からなる群から選ばれる一つの基(以下、これらの基を含めて熱架橋部位とも称する)を有するアクリル共重合体であることが望ましい。
L1及びL2は、それぞれ独立に単結合、エーテル結合、エステル結合、アミド結合、尿素結合又はウレタン結合を表す。
以下、上記モノマーの具体例を挙げるが、本発明は、これらに限定されるものではない。
本実施の形態の硬化膜形成組成物に含有される(B)成分は、N-ヒドロキシメチル基又はN-アルコキシメチル基を有する構造単位と、上記式(1)で表される部分構造を有する構造単位とを有する重合体であり、より具体的には、N-アルコキシメチル基又はN-ヒドロキシメチル基を有するモノマー及び上記式(1)で表される基を有するモノマーを共重合したポリマー(以下、特定共重合体2ともいう)である。
そのようなアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、1-メチル-n-ブチル基、2-メチル-n-ブチル基、3-メチル-n-ブチル基、1,1-ジメチル-n-プロピル基、1,2-ジメチル-n-プロピル基、2,2-ジメチル-n-プロピル基、1-エチル-n-プロピル基、n-ヘキシル基、1-メチル-n-ペンチル基、2-メチル-n-ペンチル基、3-メチル-n-ペンチル基、4-メチル-n-ペンチル基、1,1-ジメチル-n-ブチル基、1,2-ジメチル-n-ブチル基、1,3-ジメチル-n-ブチル基、2,2-ジメチル-n-ブチル基、2,3-ジメチル-n-ブチル基、3,3-ジメチル-n-ブチル基、1-エチル-n-ブチル基、2-エチル-n-ブチル基、1,1,2-トリメチル-n-プロピル基、1,2,2-トリメチル-n-プロピル基、1-エチル-1-メチル-n-プロピル基、1-エチル-2-メチル-n-プロピル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基及びシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
その中でも、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、n-ブチル基及びイソブチル基等が好ましい。
そのようなアルコキシ基としては、例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、i-プロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、i-ブトキシ基、s-ブトキシ基、t-ブトキシ基、n-ペントキシ基、1-メチル-n-ブトキシ基、2-メチル-n-ブトキシ基、3-メチル-n-ブトキシ基、1,1-ジメチル-n-プロポキシ基、1,2-ジメチル-n-プロポキシ基、2,2-ジメチル-n-プロポキシ基、1-エチル-n-プロポキシ基、n-ヘキシルオキシ基、1-メチル-n-ペンチルオキシ基、2-メチル-n-ペンチルオキシ基、3-メチル-n-ペンチルオキシ基、4-メチル-n-ペンチルオキシ基、1,1-ジメチル-n-ブトキシ基、1,2-ジメチル-n-ブトキシ基、1,3-ジメチル-n-ブトキシ基、2,2-ジメチル-n-ブトキシ基、2,3-ジメチル-n-ブトキシ基、3,3-ジメチル-n-ブトキシ基、1-エチル-n-ブトキシ基、2-エチル-n-ブトキシ基、1,1,2-トリメチル-n-プロポキシ基、1,2,2,-トリメチル-n-プロポキシ基、1-エチル-1-メチル-n-プロポキシ基、1-エチル-2-メチル-n-プロポキシ基、シクロプロポキシ基、シクロブトキシ基、シクロペンチルオキシ基及びシクロヘキシルオキシ基等が挙げられる。
その中でも、メトキシ基、エトキシ基及びn-プロポキシ基等が好ましい。
本実施の形態の硬化膜形成組成物には、さらに(C)成分としてアンモニウム塩を含有させていてもよい。アンモニウム塩を含有させることで、ホルムアルデヒドを捕捉する反応を促進させることができるため、硬化膜形成用組成物中に含まれるホルムアルデヒドの量を大きく低減することができる。(C)成分であるアンモニウム塩としては、塩化アンモニウム、臭化アンモニウム、フッ化アンモニウム、ヨウ化アンモニウム、酢酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、ギ酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、ホウ酸アンモニウム等が挙げられるが、入手性などから、好ましくは酢酸アンモニウムである。
本発明の光学フィルムにおける表面の硬化膜を形成する硬化膜形成組成物は、上述した(A)成分、(B)成分、及び必要に応じて(C)成分に加え、さらに(D)成分として架橋触媒を含有する。
(D)成分である架橋触媒としては、例えば、酸又は熱酸発生剤が挙げられる。この(D)成分は、本発明の光学フィルムにおける表面の硬化膜を形成する硬化膜形成組成物を用いた硬化膜の形成において、熱硬化反応の促進に有効である。
本実施の形態の硬化膜形成組成物は、(E)成分として、親水性のポリマーを含有することができる。
そして、(E)成分であるポリマーは、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基及びアミノ基から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の置換基を有するポリマー(以下、特定重合体とも言う。)とすることができる。
このうち、アクリル重合体としてはアクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステル、スチレン等の不飽和二重結合を有するモノマーを重合して得られる重合体が適用されうる。
カルボキシ基及びフェノール性ヒドロキシ基のうち少なくとも一方を有する構造単位として、好ましい構造単位は下記式[E2]で表される。
上述したフェノール性ヒドロキシ基を有するモノマーとしては、例えば、p-ヒドロキシスチレン、m-ヒドロキシスチレン、o-ヒドロキシスチレンが挙げられる。
他方、e2モノマーとしてフェノール性ヒドロキシ基のみを有するモノマーを用いる場合、e1モノマーが2モル%~80モル%、e2モノマーが20モル%~98モル%であることが好ましい。e2モノマーが過小の場合は液晶配向性が不充分となり易く、過大の場合は(A)成分との相溶性が低下し易い。
本発明の硬化膜形成組成物は(F)成分として、形成される硬化膜の接着性を向上させる成分(以下、密着向上成分とも言う。)を含有することもできる。
このような(F)成分としては、ヒドロキシ基と(メタ)アクリル基とを有する化合物、N-アルコキシメチル基と(メタ)アクリル基とを有する化合物、N-アルコキシメチル基と(メタ)アクリル基を有するポリマー等が挙げられる。以下、それぞれ具体例を示す。
(F)成分の例であるヒドロキシ基含有多官能アクリレートとしては、例えば、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレート及びジペンタエリトリトールペンタアクリレート等を挙げることができる。市販品としては、KAYARAD PET-30(日本化薬(株)製)等が挙げられる。
本発明の実施形態の硬化膜形成組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、その他の添加剤を含有することができる。
その他の添加剤としては、例えば、増感剤を含有することができる。増感剤は、本発明の光学フィルムにおける表面の硬化膜を形成するに際し、その光反応を促進することにおいて有効となる。
本発明の実施形態の硬化膜形成組成物は、溶剤に溶解した溶液状態で用いられることが多い。その際に用いられる溶剤は、(A)成分、(B)成分、(D)成分、所望により(C)成分、(E)成分、(F)成分及びその他の添加剤を溶解するものであり、そのような溶解能を有する溶剤であれば、その種類及び構造などは特に限定されるものでない。
本発明の光学フィルムにおける表面の硬化膜を形成する組成物は、上述したように、(A)成分である光配向成分、(B)成分であるN-ヒドロキシメチル基又はN-アルコキシメチル基を有する構造単位と、上記式(1)で表される部分構造を有する構造単位とを有する重合体、及び(D)成分である架橋触媒が溶剤に溶解したものである。さらに、所望により(C)成分であるアンモニウム塩、(E)成分である親水性ポリマー及び(F)成分である密着向上成分を含有することができる。そして、本発明の効果を損なわない限りにおいて、その他の添加剤を含有することができる。
[1]:(A)光配向成分、(A)成分の100質量部に基づいて10質量部~2000質量部の(B)成分、(A)成分の100質量部に対して、0.01質量部~200質量部の(D)架橋触媒を含有する位相差材形成用樹脂組成物。
[3-2]:(A)光配向成分、(A)成分の100質量部に基づいて10質量部~2000質量部の(B)成分、(A)成分の100質量部に対して、0.01質量部~200質量部の(D)架橋触媒、(A)成分の100質量部に基づいて、10質量部~1000質量部の(E)ベースポリマーを含有する位相差材形成用樹脂組成物。
[5-2]:(A)光配向成分、(A)成分の100質量部に基づいて10質量部~2000質量部の(B)成分、(A)成分の100質量部に対して、0.01質量部~200質量部の(D)架橋触媒、(A)成分の100質量部に基づいて、10質量部~1000質量部の(E)ベースポリマー、(A)成分の100質量部に基づいて1質量部~200質量部の(F)成分を含有する位相差材形成用樹脂組成物。
本発明の光学フィルムにおける表面の硬化膜を形成する組成物における固形分の割合は、各成分が均一に溶剤に溶解している限り、特に限定されるものではないが、1質量%~80質量%であり、好ましくは2質量%~60質量%であり、より好ましくは3質量%~40質量%である。ここで、固形分とは、硬化膜形成組成物の全成分から溶剤を除いたものをいう。
本実施の形態の硬化膜形成組成物の溶液を基板(例えば、シリコン/二酸化シリコン被覆基板、シリコンナイトライド基板、金属、例えば、アルミニウム、モリブデン、クロムなどが被覆された基板、ガラス基板、石英基板、ITO基板等)やフィルム(例えば、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルム、シクロオレフィンポリマーフィルム、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム、アクリルフィルム等の樹脂フィルム)等の上に、バーコート、回転塗布、流し塗布、ロール塗布、スリット塗布、スリットに続いた回転塗布、インクジェット塗布、印刷などによって塗布して塗膜を形成し、その後、ホットプレート又はオーブン等で加熱乾燥することにより、硬化膜を形成することにより得られる。
そのため、本発明の光学フィルムは、各種位相差材(位相差フィルム)や液晶表示素子等の製造に好適に用いることができる。
以下の実施例で用いる略記号の意味は、以下のとおりである。
<原料>
BMAA:N-ブトキシメチルアクリルアミド
AAEM:(2-アセトアセトキシ)エチルメタクリレート(式(1)で表される基を有するモノマー)
4HBA:4-ヒドロキシブチルアクリレート(e1モノマーに該当)
MMA:メチルメタクリレート(e2モノマーに該当)
AIBN:α,α’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル
MAIB:2,2’-アゾビス(イソ酪酸)ジメチル
MCA:
AcNH4:酢酸アンモニウム
PTSA:p-トルエンスルホン酸・一水和物
CSA:(±)-10-カンファースルホン酸
PPTS:p-トルエンスルホン酸ピリジニウム
PEPO:ポリライト(登録商標)8651(DIC(株)製、ポリエステルポリオール)
RMK:マキシモール(登録商標)RMK-342(川崎化成工業(株)製、ポリエステルポリオール)
HPC:NISSO HPC-SSL(日本曹達(株)製、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース)
HDC-DA:
10HDMA:10-ヒドロキシデシルメタクリレート
12HDDMA:12-ヒドロキシドデシルメタクリレート
PET30:KAYARAD PET-30(日本化薬(株)製、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレート及びペンタエリスリトールテトラアクリレートの混合物)
MEK-ST-L:オルガノシリカゾルMEK-ST-L(日産化学(株)製)(30質量%MEK分散液)
PM:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
IPM:ネオエタノール(登録商標)IPM(大伸化学(株)製)
EA:酢酸エチル
BA:酢酸ブチル
CPN:シクロペンタノン
MEK:メチルエチルケトン
装置:東ソー(株)製GPC装置(HLC-8320)
カラム:東ソー(株)製TSKgel(登録商標)α-4000及びTSKgel(登録商標)α-3000
カラムオーブン:40℃
流量:1mL/分
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
標準資料:ポリスチレン
<合成例1>
BMAA(50.0g,318mmol)、AAEM(3.58g,16.7mmol)、連鎖移動剤としてα-チオグリセロール(0.362g,3.35mmol)及び重合触媒としてMAIB(0.154g,0.669mmol)をPM(36.0g)に溶解させた後、この溶液を、PM(90.1g)を70℃に保持したフラスコ中に60分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、終夜で反応させることにより、アクリル共重合体(BMAA/AAEM=95/5(モル比))の溶液(PB-1)(固形分濃度30質量%)を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは26,000であった。
BMAA(47.0g,299mmol)、AAEM(7.11g,33.2mmol)、連鎖移動剤としてα-チオグリセロール(0.359g,3.32mmol)及び重合触媒としてMAIB(0.153g,0.664mmol)をPM(36.4g)に溶解させた後、この溶液を、PM(91.0g)を70℃に保持したフラスコ中に60分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、終夜で反応させることにより、アクリル共重合体(BMAA/AAEM=90/10(モル比))の溶液(PB-2)(固形分濃度30質量%)を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは52,300であった。
BMAA(34.0g,216mmol)、AAEM(19.8g,92.4mmol)、連鎖移動剤としてα-チオグリセロール(0.334g,3.09mmol)及び重合触媒としてMAIB(0.142g,0.617mmol)をPM(36.2g)に溶解させた後、この溶液を、PM(90.5g)を70℃に保持したフラスコ中に60分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、終夜で反応させることにより、アクリル共重合体(BMAA/AAEM=70/30(モル比))の溶液(PB-3)(固形分濃度30質量%)を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは56,000であった。
BMAA(23.0g,146mmol)、AAEM(31.3g,146mmol)、連鎖移動剤としてα-チオグリセロール(0.316g,2.92mmol)及び重合触媒としてMAIB(0.134g,0.582mmol)をPM(36.5g)に溶解させた後、この溶液を、PM(91.3g)を70℃に保持したフラスコ中に60分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、終夜で反応させることにより、アクリル共重合体(BMAA/AAEM=50/50(モル比))の溶液(PB-4)(固形分濃度30質量%)を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは60,000であった。
<合成例5>
4HBA(197.0g,1.37mol)及び重合触媒としてMAIB(3.1g,13mmol)をPM(133.4g)に溶解させた後、この溶液を、PM(166.8g)を70℃に保持したフラスコ中に2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、18時間反応させることにより、アクリル重合体の溶液(PE-1)(固形分濃度40質量%)を得た。得られたアクリル重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは22,700であった。
4HBA(248.0g,1.72mol)、α-チオグリセロール(1.9g,18mmol)及び重合触媒としてMAIB(0.20g,0.87mmol)をPM(166.7g)に溶解させた後、この溶液を、PM(83.4g)を70℃に保持したフラスコ中に4時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、18時間反応させることにより、アクリル重合体の溶液(PE-2)(固形分濃度50質量%)を得た。得られたアクリル重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは24,000であった。
MMA(84.4g,843mmol)、4HBA(13.5g,93.6mmol)、及び重合触媒としてMAIB(2.2g,9.6mmol)をPM(150.1g)に溶解させた後、この溶液を、PM(250.2g)を70℃に保持したフラスコ中に2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、18時間反応させることにより、アクリル共重合体(MMA/4HBA=90/10(モル比))の溶液(PE-3)(固形分濃度20質量%)を得た。得られたアクリル共重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは38,900であった。
<合成例8>
BMAA(145.5g,925.5mmol)及び重合触媒としてAIBN(4.6g,28mmol)をPM(150.1g)に溶解させた後、この溶液を、PM(200.1g)を80℃に保持したフラスコ中に30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、5時間反応させることにより、アクリル重合体の溶液(PBMAA)(固形分濃度30質量%)を得た。得られたアクリル重合体の重量平均分子量Mwは23,000であった。
(E)成分として、PEPO(100質量部)、(A)成分としてMCA(30質量部)、(B)成分として合成例1で得たPB-1(190質量部)を混合し、これに溶媒としてのPMを加えて2時間攪拌し、目視で溶解したことを確認し溶液を得た。その後、この得られた溶液を孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過することにより、固形分濃度が8.0質量%の組成物(A-1)を調製した。
下記表1に示す種類及び配合量の各成分を用いた以外は、調製例1と同様に操作し、(A-2)~(A-15)、(A-17)~(A-18)、(A-20)~(A-34)、(B-1)~(B-7)、(B-9)を調製した。
(E)成分として、合成例7で得たPE-2(100質量部)及び合成例8で得たPE-3(40質量部)、(A)成分としてM6CA(40質量部)、(B)成分として合成例1で得たPB-1(174質量部)、(C)成分としてAcNH4(1質量部)、(F)成分として10HDA(8質量部)、添加剤としてMEK-ST-L(40質量部)を混合し、これに溶媒組成がPM:MEK=97.75:2.05(質量比)となるPM及びMEKを加えて2時間攪拌し、目視で溶解したことを確認し溶液を得た。その後、この得られた溶液を孔径1.0μmのガラスフィルターでろ過することにより、固形分濃度が8.0質量%の組成物(A-16)を調製した。
下記表1に示す種類及び配合量の各成分を用いた以外は、調製例16と同様に操作し、(A-19)、(B-8)を調製した。
<実施例1>
組成物中のホルムアルデヒドはアセチルアセトン法による誘導体化によって検出した。アセチルアセトン法はサンプル溶液を反応液と混合させ下記式1の反応に従い標識する手法である。本実施例ではアセチルアセトン法の一般的なプロトコルに従い、酢酸アンモニウム15g、酢酸600μL、アセチルアセトン500μLをMilliQの超純水で200mLにメスアップしたものを反応液として使用した。前処理として、マイクロチューブに700μLの純水を加え、調製例1で調製したA-1を300μL添加し、ミックスローターで2分間撹拌し、その後、遠心分離することにより上澄みを回収した。反応液を700μLと上澄み液300μLを加え、50℃で30分間反応させた後、室温で30分静置して、希釈倍率11.1倍のホルムデヒド誘導体化液を調製した。この調製液を液体クロマトグラフィーにより、ホルムアルデヒド誘導体化液中の誘導体化された化合物であるホルムアルデヒド誘導体を定量した結果、A-1中のホルムアルデヒド濃度は1.5ppmであった。
実施例1と同様に操作し、A-1をA-2~A-34に変更し、ホルムアルデヒド濃度の定量を行った。結果を下記表2に示す。
実施例1と同様に操作し、A-1をB-1~B-9に変更し、ホルムアルデヒド濃度の定量を行った。結果を下記表2に示す。
<調製例44>
触媒としてPTSA(1.0g)、溶媒としてPM(19.0g)を加え、1時間攪拌し、目視で溶解したことを確認した。溶液を孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過することにより、触媒溶液(D-1)を調製した。
触媒としてPPTS(1.0g)、溶媒としてPM(19.0g)を加え、1時間攪拌し、目視で溶解したことを確認した。溶液を孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過することにより、触媒溶液(D-2)を調製した。
触媒としてCSA(2.0g)、溶媒としてPM(18.0g)を加え、1時間攪拌し、目視で溶解したことを確認した。溶液を孔径0.2μmのフィルターでろ過することにより、触媒溶液(D-3)を調製した。
<実施例35>
調製例1で得られたA-1(2.00g)に、調製例44で得られたD-1(0.12g)及び希釈溶媒としてEA(0.54g)を加え、1分攪拌することで液晶配向剤AL-1を得た。
実施例35と同様に操作し、A-1をA-2~11、A-18、A-21~A-28に変更し、液晶配向剤AL-2~11、AL-18、AL-21~28を得た。成分等の配合量を表3に示す。
実施例35と同様に操作し、A-1をB-1~6に変更し、液晶配向剤BL-1~6を得た。成分等の配合量を表3に示す。
調製例12で得られたA-12(2.00g)に、調製例45で得られたD-2(0.12g)及び希釈溶媒としてEA(0.54g)を加え、1分撹拌することで液晶配向剤AL-12を得た。成分等の配合量を表3に示す。
実施例46と同様に操作し、A-12をA-13~15に変更し、液晶配向剤AL-13~15を得た。成分等の配合量を表3に示す。
実施例46と同様に操作し、A-12をB-7に変更し、液晶配向剤BL-7を得た。成分等の配合量を表3に示す。
調製例16で得られたA-16(2.00g)に、調製例46で得られたD-3(0.08g)及び希釈溶媒としてEA(0.5g)及びIPM(1.3g)を加え、24時間撹拌することで液晶配向剤AL-16を得た。成分等の配合量を表3に示す。
実施例50と同様に操作し、A-16をA-17、A-19~20、A-29~34に変更し、液晶配向剤AL-17、AL-19~20、AL-29~34を得た。成分等の配合量を表3に示す。
実施例50と同様に操作し、A-16をB-8及びB-9に変更し、液晶配向剤BL-8及びBL-9を得た。成分等の配合量を表3に示す。
水平配向用重合性液晶であるPaliocolor(登録商標)LC-242(BASFジャパン(株)製)(19.3g)、光ラジカル開始剤としてOmnirad(登録商標)907(IGM Resins B.V.製)(0.6g)、レベリング剤としてBYK(登録商標)-361N(ビック・ケミージャパン(株)製)(0.1g)を加え、さらに溶媒としてCPN(80g)を加え、2時間撹拌し目視で溶解していることを確認し、20質量%の重合性液晶溶液(LC-1)を得た。
<実施例69>
実施例35で得た液晶配向剤(AL-1)を基板としてのTACフィルム上にバーコーターを用いてWet膜厚4μmにて塗布した。熱風循環式オーブン内にて120℃で1分間の加熱乾燥を行い、フィルム上に硬化膜を形成した。次いで、この硬化膜表面に波長313nmの直線偏光を10mJ/cm2の露光量で垂直に照射し、液晶配向膜を形成した。水平配向用重合性液晶溶液RMS16-089(Merck社製)を、バーコーターを用いて上記液晶配向膜上にWet膜厚12μmにて塗布した。次いで、オーブン内にて72℃で1分間の加熱乾燥を行った後、窒素下、波長365nmの非偏光を500mJ/cm2の露光量で垂直に照射することで重合性液晶を硬化させ、位相差フィルムを作製した。
液晶配向剤として(AL-2)~(AL-10)、(AL-18)、(BL-1)~(BL-5)を用い、実施例69と同様の操作にて位相差フィルムを作製した。
実施例45で得た液晶配向剤(AL-11)を基板としてのTACフィルム上にバーコーターを用いてWet膜厚4μmにて塗布した。熱風循環式オーブン内にて120℃で2分間の加熱乾燥を行い、フィルム上に硬化膜を形成した。次いで、この硬化膜表面に波長313nmの直線偏光を20mJ/cm2の露光量で垂直に照射し、液晶配向膜を形成した。水平配向用重合性液晶溶液LC-1を、バーコーターを用いて上記液晶配向膜上にWet膜厚10μmにて塗布した。次いで、オーブン内にて100℃で2分間の加熱乾燥を行った後、窒素下、波長365nmの非偏光を400mJ/cm2の露光量で垂直に照射することで重合性液晶を硬化させ、位相差フィルムを作製した。
液晶配向剤として(AL-12)~(AL-15)、(AL-21)~(AL-28)、(BL-6)~(BL-7)を用い、実施例79と同様の操作にて位相差フィルムを作製した。
実施例50で得た液晶配向剤(AL-16)を基板としてのアクリルフィルム上にバーコーターを用いてWet膜厚10μmにて塗布した。熱風循環式オーブン内にて90℃で1分間の加熱乾燥を行い、フィルム上に硬化膜を形成した。次いで、この硬化膜表面に波長313nmの直線偏光を20mJ/cm2の露光量で垂直に照射し、液晶配向膜を形成した。水平配向用重合性液晶溶液LC-1を、バーコーターを用いて上記液晶配向膜上にWet膜厚8μmにて塗布した。次いで、オーブン内にて90℃で1分間の加熱乾燥を行った後、窒素下、波長365nmの非偏光を500mJ/cm2の露光量で垂直に照射することで重合性液晶を硬化させ、位相差フィルムを作製した。
液晶配向剤として(AL-17)、(AL-19)~(AL-20)、(AL-29)~(AL-34)、(BL-8)~(BL-9)を用い、実施例84と同様の操作にて位相差フィルムを作製した。
作製した基板上の位相差フィルムを一対の偏光板で挟み込み、目視によりクロスニコル下での位相差特性の発現状況を観察した。位相差が欠陥なく発現しているものを「○」、位相差が発現していないものを「×」として「配向性」の欄に記載した。
作製した基板上の位相差フィルムの表面(重合性液晶の層が形成された表面)にカッターナイフを用いてクロスカット(1mm×1mm×100マス)を入れ、その後、セロハンテープ(ニチバン社製 セロテープ(登録商標)、24mm幅)を貼り付けた。次いで、そのセロハンテープを剥がした時に、重合した重合性液晶の層が下層の硬化膜並びに更に下層のフィルム基材上で剥がれず残っているマス目の個数をカウントした。すべて残った場合を「〇」、一部がはがれた場合を「△」、すべてはがれた場合を「×」として「密着性」の欄に記載した。
Claims (8)
- (A)光配向性基を有する化合物、
(B)N-ヒドロキシメチル基又はN-アルコキシメチル基を有する構造単位と、下記式(1)で表される部分構造を有する構造単位とを有する重合体、及び
(D)架橋触媒
を含む硬化膜形成用組成物。
(式(1)中、Q1は炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数1~6のアルコキシ基又はフェニル基を表し、Q2はO、S又はNQ3を表し、Q3は水素原子又は炭素数1~4のアルキル基であり、破線は結合手を表す。) - 前記(A)成分の光配向性基が光二量化又は光異性化する構造の官能基である請求項1に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- 前記(A)成分の光配向性基がシンナモイル基である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- 前記(A)成分の光配向性基がアゾベンゼン構造の基である請求項1に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- さらに(C)成分としてアンモニウム塩を含有する請求項1に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- 前記(C)成分のアンモニウム塩が酢酸アンモニウムである請求項5に記載の硬化膜形成組成物。
- 請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の前記硬化膜形成組成物を用いて得られる配向材。
- 請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の前記硬化膜形成組成物から得られる硬化膜を使用して形成される位相差材。
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| WO2015129890A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 硬化膜形成組成物、配向材および位相差材 |
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