WO2024218311A1 - Compositions à base de décorine pour la réparation et la régéneration de l'épithélium pigmentaire de la rétine - Google Patents
Compositions à base de décorine pour la réparation et la régéneration de l'épithélium pigmentaire de la rétine Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- A61K38/179—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for growth factors; for growth regulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/005—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'active' part of the composition delivered, i.e. the nucleic acid delivered
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/005—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'active' part of the composition delivered, i.e. the nucleic acid delivered
- A61K48/0058—Nucleic acids adapted for tissue specific expression, e.g. having tissue specific promoters as part of a contruct
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/0075—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the delivery route, e.g. oral, subcutaneous
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0048—Eye, e.g. artificial tears
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of ophthalmology and in particular to the use of Decorin in the treatment of ocular pathologies characterized by a tear or loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
- Decorin is more particularly described for its ability to repair and restore the RPE and in particular the barrier formed by the RPE, in individuals whose RPE integrity has been affected.
- the present invention also relates to the use of Decorin to improve retinal reconstruction after RPE transplantation and thus increase the take of retinal grafts as well as the survival of the grafts and the quality of post-operative vision of the patients thus treated.
- the retinal pigment epithelium is a single-celled structure consisting of a single layer of regular, quiescent hexagonal cells located in the outermost layer of the retina.
- the outer surface of the RPE is connected to Bruch's membrane and the choroid, while the inner surface is connected to the outer segment of photoreceptor cells.
- RPE cells play a major role in maintaining visual function and the visual cycle. Indeed, RPE cells have microvilli at the apical pole that extend between the photoreceptor outer segments (POS), which allows them to phagocytose and eliminate exfoliated POS to maintain normal visual cell turnover.
- the RPE65 (retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65) gene encodes a retinoid isomerohydrolase expressed in RPE cells and is essential for the visual signal transduction cycle by regenerating 11-cis retinal after light exposure.
- the RPE also contains a significant amount of melanin, which gives it a dark brown coloration. This melanin reduces the damage caused by ultraviolet light to the retina.
- the RPE also helps reduce the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the resulting oxidative damage.
- RPE cells form intercellular tight junctions consisting of ZO-1, occludin, and claudins, acting as a barrier between the fenestrated choroidal capillaries and the photosensitive layer of the retina.
- RPE cells play a key role in the transport of nutrients, water, and electrolytes between the choroid and retinal cells.
- the structure and function of the RPE are essential for normal vision, and alterations or loss of the RPE impair visual function and can lead to vision loss.
- geographic atrophy is a form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) characterized by the atrophy and loss of RPE cells in the macula, leading to the death of overlying photoreceptor cells and blindness.
- AMD age-related macular degeneration
- Geographic atrophy is a leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 60 years.
- Geographic atrophy is estimated to affect approximately 5 million people worldwide, and its prevalence increases exponentially with age (Wong, et al., Lancet Glob Health, 2:el06-l 16, 2014; Rudnicka, et al., Am J Ophthalmol, 160:85-93, 2015).
- RPE tears vascularized retinal pigment detachment
- anti-VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- Subretinal fluid in the RPD exerts hydrostatic pressure on the RPE and stretches it. The RPD enlarges as the hydrostatic pressure increases. Contraction of the choroidal neovascular membrane adds tensile forces to the RPE monolayer.
- RPE tears can complicate various disorders associated with RPD, including central serous chorioretinopathy, toxemia of pregnancy, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, and light chain deposition disease.
- IgA immunoglobulin A
- RPE tears include suspected ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, proliferative vitreoretinopathy with primary rhematogenous retinal detachment, macular hole, vitreomacular traction, sclerotomy surgery for rhematogenous retinal detachment, familial pulmonary hypertension, traumatic chorioretinopathy, choroidal tumors, glaucoma surgery, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, acute retinal necrosis, panuveitis, scleritis, shaken baby syndrome, high myopia, laser-induced damage or excessive exposure to light (artificial, solar, eclipses).
- Transplants can be performed in patients with varying degrees of retinal degeneration using donor material or pluripotent stem cells, and consist of either RPE cell suspensions or retinal sheets.
- Cell suspension-based strategies involve transplanting purified photoreceptor precursor cells (Bartsch et al., Exp. Eye Res., 86 (2008), pp. 691-700; MacLaren et al., Nature, 444 (2006), pp. 203-207; Pearson et al., Nature, 485 (2012), pp. 99-103), while retinal sheet transplantations allow for the engraftment of retinal organoids containing both photoreceptor cells and inner retinal neurons (Assawachananont et al., Stem Cell Rep., 2 (2014), pp.
- Retinal pathologies thus represent a major public health issue due to their high prevalence and their social and economic impact.
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- the present invention as described below aims to meet these needs.
- a first object of the present invention therefore relates to a protein, or a fragment thereof, for its use in the treatment of an ocular pathology in an individual in need thereof:
- the ocular pathology being characterized by a tear or disappearance, partial or total, of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in said individual;
- the protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- a protein, or a fragment thereof, according to the invention advantageously allows, and against all expectations:
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- an ocular pathology treated by a protein implemented according to the invention can be chosen from the group consisting of a tear of the retinal pigment epithelium; geographic atrophy; choroideremia; and hereditary macular dystrophy, in particular chosen from Stargardt's disease, juvenile vitelliform degeneration of the macula or Best's disease, central areolar dystrophy, Sorsby's macular degeneration, North Carolina macular dystrophy, and butterfly wing macular degeneration.
- the present invention also relates to a protein, or a fragment thereof, for the repair or regeneration of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual in need thereof, the protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- a protein used according to the invention may further comprise a signal peptide, in particular a signal peptide having at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the present invention also relates to a protein, or fragment thereof, for use in the reconstruction of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual receiving or having received an RPE graft, the protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- a protein, or fragment thereof, implemented according to the invention can be administered to the individual in need thereof by topical application to the eye, for example via eye drops; by intravitreal injection; by subcutaneous injection; conjunctival; by suprachoroidal injection; by subretinal injection; and/or using an intravitreal implant.
- the present invention also relates to a nucleic acid sequence for use in the treatment of an ocular pathology in an individual in need thereof:
- the ocular pathology being characterized by a tear or disappearance, partial or total, of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE);
- nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein, or a fragment thereof, as previously described i.e. a protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, and optionally in addition a signal peptide, in particular a signal peptide having at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 6.
- Said ocular pathology may be selected from the group consisting of a tear of the retinal pigment epithelium; geographic atrophy; choroideremia; and hereditary macular dystrophy, in particular selected from Stargardt's disease, juvenile vitelliform degeneration of the macula or Best's disease, central areolar dystrophy, Sorsby's macular degeneration, North Carolina macular dystrophy, and butterfly wing macular degeneration.
- the present invention also relates to a nucleic acid sequence for the repair or regeneration of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual in need thereof, the nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein, or a fragment thereof, as previously described, i.e. a protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, and optionally in addition a signal peptide, in particular a signal peptide having at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 6.
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- a nucleic acid sequence used according to the invention may comprise a sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with any one of the nucleotide sequences chosen from the group consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 and the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5.
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention may further comprise a nucleotide sequence coding for a signal peptide, in particular a nucleotide sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 7.
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention may be included in a vector, the vector being able in particular to be a viral vector, a non-viral vector, a plasmid, a lipid, a liposome or a nanoparticle.
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention may be in the form of a DNA construct intended for the non-viral transfer of nucleic acids into the muscle cells of the ocular sphere of the individual in need thereof, said DNA construct being characterized in that it comprises:
- a therapeutic protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof, and
- a signal peptide allowing the secretion of this first therapeutic protein, in particular for a signal peptide of sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 6; this signal peptide, when present, being contiguous to the sequence of the therapeutic protein, at the N-terminus of said first therapeutic protein,
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention can be administered to the individual in need thereof by injection into a ciliary muscle, optionally followed by an electrotransfer step into the cells of the ciliary muscle.
- FIG 1 represents, in Figure IA, the mean scores (ordinate) (between 0 and 1: grade 0: no coverage of the lesion by the RPE or coverage with abnormal cells (not hexagonal); grade 0.5: partial coverage of the lesion with hexagonal RPE cells; grade 1: complete coverage of the lesion with hexagonal RPE cells) of repair of a lesion with retinal pigment epithelium cells in a group of control choroidal neovascularization model rats (treated with PBS - left) or in a group of rats model of choroidal neovascularization treated with decorin (DCN - right).
- Figure 1B represents the distribution of scores of 1, 0.5 or 0 (from top to bottom for each bar) in each group of rats (left control - PBS; right decorin treatment - DCN).
- the y-axis represents the % impact according to the score of these two groups of rats.
- FIG 2 represents the percentage of grade 3 lesions (angiographic score) obtained after visualization of retinal and choroidal vascularization at 14 days (D14 - left) and at 28 days (D28 - right) in rats model of persistent choroidal neovascularization induced in the absence of treatment (control).
- FIG 3 represents the relative percentage of grade 3 lesions (angiographic score) obtained after visualization of the retinal and choroidal vascularization at 14 days (D14 - left) and at 28 days (D28 - right) and compared between 4 groups of rat models of induced persistent choroidal neovascularization: from left to right: control group administered by injection of a control solution of saline buffer followed by an electrotransfer step (Ctrl - Electroporation); group administered by injection of the so-called plasmid A construct followed by an electrotransfer step (Plasmid A - Electroporation); control group administered by intravitreal injection of a control solution of phosphate buffer (Ctrl - IVT Injection); control group administered by intravitreal injection of Aflibercept (15pg) (Aflibercept - IVT Injection).
- FIG 4 represents, in Figure 4A, the evaluation of the positive immunostaining surface for the RPE65 marker (indicating the presence of RPE cells) reported to the total size of the CNV lesion compared between 4 groups of rats modeling persistent choroidal neovascularization induced: from left to right: control group administered by injection of a control solution of saline buffer followed by an electrotransfer step (Ctrl - Electroporation); group administered by injection of the so-called plasmid A construct followed by an electrotransfer step (Plasmid A - Electroporation); control group administered by intravitreal injection of a control solution of phosphate buffer (Ctrl - IVT Injection); control group administered by intravitreal injection of Aflibercept (15pg) (Aflibercept - IVT Injection).
- FIG 4B for these same 4 groups represented in the same order from left to right, the distribution of retinal coverage by RPE cells is shown, in percentage. From top to bottom for each column is shown the incidence of lesions as a function of the percentage of RPE coverage (between 80-100%, 60-80% or 0-60% coverage of the CNV lesion for the RPE).
- FIG 5 represents a DNA construct comprising a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention (Plasmid A).
- treat and “treatment” designate a reduction or even an interruption of the pathology or disorder considered.
- patient or “individual” as used herein preferably refers to a mammal, including a non-human mammal, and more particularly a human being.
- a patient or individual suffering from an ocular pathology, in particular an ocular pathology characterized by a tear or disappearance, partial or total, of the retinal pigment epithelium, more particularly suffering from an ocular pathology selected from the group consisting of a tear of the retinal pigment epithelium, geographic atrophy, choroideremia; and a hereditary macular dystrophy, in particular selected from Stargardt disease, juvenile vitelliform degeneration of the macula or Best disease, central areolar dystrophy, Sorsby macular degeneration, North Carolina macular dystrophy, and butterfly wing macular degeneration.
- amino acid or nucleic acid sequences of interest reference sequences are described herein.
- the present disclosure also encompasses amino acid or nucleic acid sequences having specific percentages of amino acid or nucleotide identity with a reference sequence.
- nucleic acid sequence or a specific amino acid sequence that respects, respectively, the nucleotide or amino acid identity considered must further lead to obtaining a protein that exhibits the desired biological activity.
- percent identity between two nucleic acid sequences or between two amino acid sequences is determined by comparing the two optimally aligned sequences across a comparison window.
- This alignment may be performed over the entire length of the sequences being compared.
- the alignment may also be performed over a shorter length, for example over twenty, fifty, hundred or more nucleic acids/bases or amino acids.
- the sequence identity is the percentage of identical matches between the two sequences over the stated aligned region.
- the percentage of sequence identity between two amino acid sequences or between two nucleotide sequences can be determined using the Needleman and Wunsch algorithm for the alignment of two sequences. (Needleman, S. B. and Wunsch, C. D. (1970) J. Mol. Biol. 48, 443-453). The algorithm allows for the alignment of both amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences.
- the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm has been implemented in the computer program NEEDLE.
- the NEEDLE program of the EMBOSS software package was used (version 2.8.0 or higher, EMBOSS: The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite (2000) Rice, P. LongdenJ. and Bleasby,A. Trends in Genetics 16, (6) pp276- 277, http://emboss.bioinformatics.nl/).
- EBLOSUM62 is used for the substitution matrix.
- EDNAFULL is used for nucleotide sequences.
- Optional parameters used are a gap opening penalty of 10 and a gap extension penalty of 0.5. No end gap penalty is added.
- Yes was indicated in response to the question "Brief identity and similarity" and "SRS pairwise” was indicated as the output alignment format.
- the percent sequence identity between a query sequence and a sequence of the invention is calculated as follows: Number of matching positions in the alignment showing an identical amino acid or nucleotide in both sequences divided by the total length of the alignment after subtracting the total number of gaps in the alignment.
- the identity defined herein can be obtained from NEEDLE using the NOBRIEF option and is labeled in the program output as "longest identity”.
- nucleotide and amino acid sequences i.e. the percentage of sequence identity
- sequence alignments can be determined by sequence alignments using several other known algorithms, preferably with the mathematical algorithm of Karlin and Altschul (Karlin & Altschul (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5873-5877), with hmmalign (HMMER package, http://hmmer.wustl.edu/) or with the CLUSTAL algorithm (Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res.
- sequence concordance The degree of sequence identity (sequence concordance) can be calculated using, for example, BLAST, BLAT or BlastZ (or BlastX).
- BLASTN and BLASTP programs Altschul et al (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215, 403-410.
- Gapped BLAST is used as described in Altschul et al (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 3389-3402.
- Sequence correspondence analysis can be supplemented by established homology mapping techniques such as Shuffle-LAGAN (Brudno M., Bioinformatics 2003b, 19 Suppl 1: 154-162) or Markov random fields.
- the percent identity between two sequences is determined using CLUSTAL O (version 1.2.4).
- Decorin is a secreted glycoprotein of the leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan (SLRP) family.
- SLRP family members are characterized by N- and C-terminal cysteine-rich regions that flank a central region containing 10–12 tandem leucine-rich repeats (Schaefer, L. and R.V. lozzo, J. Biol. Chem. 283:21305, 2008).
- the complementary DNA of human decorin encodes a 359 amino acid (AA) precursor that includes a 16 AA signal sequence and a 14 AA propeptide that is cleaved during protein maturation (Krusius, T. and E. Ruoslahti, Proc. Natl. Acad.
- Mature human decorin contains twelve leucine-rich tandem repeats and shares 80% and 78% AA sequence identity with mouse and rat decorin, respectively. Alternative splicing of human decorin generates five isoforms with deletions of varying length.
- Decorin is an N-terminally glycosylated protein that also carries a chondroitin/dermatan sulfate hybrid chain of variable size at Ser34 (Scholzen, T. et al., J. Biol. Chem, 269:28270, 1994; Zamfir, A. et al., Glycobiology, 13:733, 2003).
- the natural proteoglycan of decorin has a molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa, and the deglycosylated core protein of decorin has a mass of approximately 40 kDa (Roughley, P.J and R.J. White, Biochem. J, 262:823, 1989).
- Decorin is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein and interacts with ECM proteins including type I and II collagen, fibronectin, and thrombospondin, and contributes to their organization and stability (Scott, JE, Biochemistry, 35:8795, 1996; Scott, JE, et.al., Exp. Cell Res., 243:59-66, 1998).
- Decorin in particular, plays a critical role in controlling the growth and organization of corneal collagen fibers to make the cornea transparent (Rada, JA, Exp Eye Res, 56;635, 1993).
- decorin to stabilize the comeal stroma has been suggested in the prior art as an adjunct to orthokeratology for the correction of myopia, hypermetria, astigmatism, and presbyopia (e.g., US2009/0105127).
- the inventors discovered that decorin can be administered into the fundus of the eye to prevent, delay, or limit the progression of Bruch's membrane extracellular matrix disorganization.
- Decorin also regulates the biological activity of extracellular matrix-associated growth factors, including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), myostatin, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFP) (Jârvelâinen, et al., Matrix Biol, 43, 15-26, 2015). It also binds to membrane tyrosine kinase receptors, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, insulin-like growth factor-7 (IGFl) receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, and regulates their activity.
- FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2
- TGFP transforming growth factor beta
- EGF epidermal growth factor
- IGFl insulin-like growth factor-7
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- decorin promotes the inhibition or induction of angiogenesis (Grant, et.al., Oncogene, 21/4765-4777, 2002; Sulochana, et.al., J. Biol. Chem. 280:27935-27948, 2005). Indeed, depending on the microenvironment, decorin can exert pro- or anti-angiogenic effects. Accordingly, the use of decorin to inhibit angiogenesis has been suggested in the prior art for the treatment of exudative AMD (e.g., WO2005116066 and WO201 1069046). In particular, WO2011069046 suggested that intravitreal injection of decorin might be suitable for the treatment of AMD.
- Decorin is also described for its epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibitory activity.
- EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- decorin inhibits TGFP2-induced EMT of RPE cells in vitro and reduces collagen synthesis, suggesting that decorin may prevent or slow the formation of subretinal fibrosis that occurs in AMD (Begum, et al. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 59:4929-4936 2018).
- Decorin allows also to reduce the progression of fibrosis in a rabbit model of traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (Nassar, et al., Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 249:1649, 2011).
- Decorin is also described for its cytoprotective properties, particularly against RPE cells subjected to oxidative stress (Xie, et al., Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, ID 3955748, 2022). Decorin also prevents RPE barrier disruption induced by high glucose intake and hypoxia by suppressing p38 MAPK activation, suggesting that decorin may inhibit the development of diabetic macular edema (Wang, et al., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 56:2971-2979, 2015).
- the decorin according to the invention comprises a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- At least 85% sequence identity means an amino acid sequence comprising at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the amino acid sequence of sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the application also covers the implementation of a fragment of a protein implemented according to the invention, namely the protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2.
- fragment is meant a “functional fragment”, i.e. a protein sequence or a nucleic acid sequence which, once expressed, exhibits the same activity as a protein of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a protein of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- it means a protein sequence or a nucleic acid sequence which, once expressed, exhibits the same activity as decorin, in particular as demonstrated in the examples below and as mentioned above.
- protein means means indifferently designate a protein or a protein fragment.
- functional fragments of proteins according to the invention may in particular be obtained by proteolytic digestion of native proteins, in particular decorin, by techniques well known in the art. Examples of such methods, as well as functional fragments of decorin, are in particular described in EP0636175 A1.
- the protein used according to the invention may also comprise a signal peptide, in particular a signal peptide having at least 70% sequence identity with the peptide sequence SEQ ID NO: 6.
- At least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 6 is understood to mean an amino acid sequence comprising at least 70%, at least 71%, at least 72%, at least 73%, at least 74%, at least 75%, at least 76%, at least 77%, at least 78%, at least 79%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or at least 100% identity. of sequence with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 6.
- a protein used according to the invention may be glycosylated or non-glycosylated, and in particular may be glycosylated, more particularly glycosylated on its N-terminal part.
- the present invention also relates to the implementation of a nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin.
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention thus encodes a protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof, as defined above, and in particular for a protein comprising the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof.
- a nucleic acid sequence used according to the invention may in particular have at least 70% sequence identity with any one of the nucleotide sequences chosen from the group consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 and the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5.
- sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 By at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 or the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5, it is meant a nucleic acid sequence comprising at least 70%, at least 71%, at least 72%, at least 73%, at least at least 74%, at least 75%, at least 76%, at least 77%, at least 78%, at least 79%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% at least 99% or at least 100% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 or the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5.
- a nucleic acid sequence may have at least 75% sequence identity, in particular at least 80% sequence identity, more particularly 85% sequence identity or even 90% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 or the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5.
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention may further comprise a nucleotide sequence coding for a signal peptide, in particular a nucleotide sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 7.
- At least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 7 is understood to mean a nucleic acid sequence comprising at least 70%, at least 71%, at least 72%, at least 73%, at least 74%, at least 75%, at least 76%, at least 77%, at least 78%, at least 79%, at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or at least 100% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 7.
- a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention may be chosen from a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence or a ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence.
- a deoxyribonucleic acid sequence may be genomic DNA or cDNA.
- a ribonucleic acid sequence may be chosen in particular from mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, siRNAs, short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs).
- a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention may be an mRNA sequence.
- Such an mRNA sequence may in particular correspond to the sequence transcribed from a nucleic acid sequence used according to the invention having at least 70% sequence identity with any one of the nucleotide sequences chosen from the group consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 and the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5, and in particular correspond to the sequence transcribed from a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention chosen from the group consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 and the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5.
- a nucleic acid sequence used according to the invention may in particular be included in a vector.
- vector refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid to which it has been linked. This term is also intended to refer to any delivery medium, such as a composition associated with a therapeutic or prophylactic nucleic acid in order to increase its cellular delivery.
- the vector may be a viral vector, a non-viral vector, a plasmid, a lipid, a liposome or a nanoparticle.
- the nucleic acid sequence may be included in a vector, the vector being in particular a viral vector, a non-viral vector, a plasmid, a lipid, a liposome or a nanoparticle.
- vectors are those capable of autonomous replication and/or expression of the nucleic acid sequences to which they are linked.
- Vectors capable of directing the expression of genes to which they are operatively linked are referred to herein as "expression vectors”.
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention can be included in a plasmid.
- expression vectors useful in recombinant DNA techniques are often in the form of "plasmids" which designate circular double-stranded DNA loops which, in their vector form, are not linked to the chromosome.
- Vectors can also be episomal DNA, yeast artificial chromosomes, or minichromosomes.
- Vectors can be of viral origin, and we then speak of viral vectors.
- a suitable viral vector according to the present invention may be selected from the group consisting of a retrovirus, in particular a lentivirus, an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus and a virus-like vector.
- the viral vector is a retroviral vector or an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector.
- a suitable viral vector according to the present invention may also be selected from: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors, and in particular among the non-replicating HSV vectors. We thus speak here of HSV vector.
- HSV vector can in particular be a Herpes simplex virus 1 or 2 (HSV-1 or HSV-2) vector, and in particular an HSV-1 vector.
- HSV vector means a viral vector derived from the herpes simplex virus, particularly type 1 (HSV1).
- Retroviral vectors are viral particles that contain a viral genome derived from retroviruses, lack the capacity for self-renewal, and have the ability to introduce a nucleic acid sequence into a cell.
- a retroviral vector may be an alpha-retroviral vector, a gamma-retroviral vector, a lentiviral vector, or a spuma-retroviral vector, preferably a lentiviral vector.
- Such vectors have been widely used in gene therapy treatments and other gene delivery applications.
- the retroviral vector is a lentiviral vector.
- lentiviral vector refers to a viral vector derived from complex retroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Lentiviral vectors derived from any strain and subtype may be used.
- the lentiviral vector may be based on a human or primate lentivirus such as HIV or a non-human lentivirus such as feline immunodeficiency virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV).
- the lentiviral vector is an HIV-based vector, and in particular an HIV-1-based vector.
- AAV vectors are viral particles that contain an AAV-derived genome, lack the capacity for self-renewal, and have the ability to introduce a nucleic acid sequence into a cell.
- AAV vector is meant a viral vector derived from an adeno-associated virus serotype, including, without limitation, AAV-1, AAV-2, AAV-3, AAV-4, AAV-5, AAV6, etc.
- An AAV vector may have one or more of the wild-type AAV genes deleted in whole or in part, preferably the rep and/or cap genes, but retain functional flanking ITR sequences. Functional ITR sequences are required for the rescue, replication, and packaging of the AAV virion.
- an AAV vector is defined herein to include at least the sequences required in cis for the replication and packaging (e.g., functional ITRs) of the virus.
- the ITRs need not be the wild-type nucleotide sequences and may be modified, e.g., by insertion, deletion, or modification. or nucleotide substitution, so long as the sequences allow for functional recovery, replication and packaging.
- AAV vectors are constructed using known techniques to provide at least as operably linked components in the direction of transcription, control elements comprising a transcription initiation region, the DNA of interest and a transcription termination region. The control elements are selected to be functional in a mammalian cell. The resulting construct containing the operably linked components is linked (5' and Y) with functional AAV ITR sequences.
- AAV ITR adeno-associated virus inverted terminal repeat
- AAV ITRs together with the AAV rep coding region, allow for the efficient excision and recovery of, and integration of, a nucleotide sequence interposed between two flanking ITRs into a mammalian cell genome.
- the nucleotide sequences of AAV ITR regions are known. See, e.g., Kotin, 1994; Berns, K. I. “Parvoviridae and their Replication” in Fundamental Virology, 2nd Edition, (BN Fields and D. M.
- an “AAV ITR” does not necessarily include the wild-type nucleotide sequence, but may be modified, e.g., by insertion, deletion, or substitution of nucleotides. Additionally, the AAV ITR may be derived from any of several AAV serotypes, including, but not limited to, AAV-1, AAV-2, AAV-3, AAV-4, AAV-5, AAV6, etc.
- 5' and 3' ITRs that flank a selected nucleotide sequence in an AAV vector need not be identical or derived from the same AAV serotype or isolate, so long as they function as intended, ie, to allow excision and rescue of the sequence of interest from a host cell genome or vector, and to allow integration of the heterologous sequence into the recipient cell genome when AAV Rep gene products are present in the cell.
- the nucleic acid sequence of interest is particularly operably linked to control elements that direct transcription or expression thereof in the subject in vivo.
- control elements may include control sequences normally associated with the selected gene.
- heterologous control sequences may be employed.
- Useful heterologous control sequences generally include those derived from sequences encoding genes of mammalian or viral.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, the phosphoglycerate kinase (PKG) promoter, the SV40 early promoter, the mouse mammary tumor virus LTR promoter; adenovirus major late promoter (Ad MLP); a herpes simplex virus (HSV) promoter, a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter such as the CMV immediate early promoter region (CMVIE), the Roux sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter, a CMV/beta-actin (CAG) hybrid promoter, synthetic promoters, hybrid promoters, etc.
- PKG phosphoglycerate kinase
- Ad MLP adenovirus major late promoter
- HSV herpes simplex virus
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- CMVIE CMV immediate early promoter region
- RSV Roux sarcoma virus
- CAG CMV/beta-actin
- a recombinant virus is a virus that comprises a recombinant nucleic acid sequence, i.e. a nucleic acid sequence that comprises parts that do not naturally occur together as part of a single sequence or that have been rearranged relative to a naturally occurring sequence.
- a “recombinant viral vector” e.g. a “recombinant retroviral vector” or a “recombinant AAV vector” means a viral vector comprising in its genome a recombinant nucleotide sequence (or transgene).
- the carrier may also be a lipid, including a lipid vesicle such as a liposome, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) micelles, or polymeric nanoparticles.
- lipid vesicle such as a liposome, solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) micelles, or polymeric nanoparticles.
- LSN solid lipid nanoparticle
- Lipid-based compounds that are not liposomes may additionally be used.
- lipofectins and cytofectins are lipid-based positive ions that bind to a negatively charged nucleic acid and form a complex that can transport the DNA across a cell membrane.
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention may be in the form of a DNA construct, in particular in the form of a DNA construct intended for the non-viral transfer of nucleic acids into the muscle cells of the ocular sphere of the patient in need thereof.
- a nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention may also contain one or more additional regions, for example small or large regulatory elements available to those skilled in the art such as a promoter region (constitutive, regulated, inducible, tissue-specific, etc.), for example sequences allowing and/or promoting expression in the targeted tissue (eg in the patient's ocular sphere) or cells (eg RPE or photoreceptors), a transcription termination signal, such as a polyadenylation sequence 3' of the nucleotide sequence, secretion sequences, an origin of replication and/or nuclear localization of signal sequences (nls) which further improve the transfer of polynucleotide to the nucleus. cellular.
- nls sequences have been described in the prior art, including the SV40 large T antigen sequence.
- the nucleic acid sequence may be in the form of a DNA construct intended for the non-viral transfer of nucleic acids into the muscle cells of the ocular sphere of the patient in need thereof, said DNA construct being characterized in that it comprises:
- a therapeutic protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof, and
- a signal peptide allowing the secretion of this first therapeutic protein, in particular for a signal peptide having at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 6; this signal peptide, when present, being contiguous to the sequence of the therapeutic protein, at the N-terminus of said first therapeutic protein,
- nucleotide sequence coding
- a therapeutic protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof, and
- nucleic acid sequence encoding a therapeutic protein
- this nucleic acid sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with any of the nucleotide sequences chosen from the group consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 and the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5 and more particularly comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 3, the sequence SEQ ID NO: 4 and the sequence SEQ ID NO: 5; and
- nucleotide sequence having at least 70% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 7, this signal peptide, when present, being contiguous to the sequence of the therapeutic protein, at the N-terminus of said first therapeutic protein.
- nucleic acid sequence in the form of a DNA construct may be complexed with any chemical, biochemical or biological agent, may be inserted into a vector, etc., when administered to the patient.
- the DNA construct is circular in shape.
- circular or “closed” refers to any nucleic acid molecule that forms a circular molecule.
- relaxed or closed molecules, which are often supercoiled.
- the DNA construct is naked DNA.
- naked DNA refers to any nucleic acid molecule that is not associated with a synthetic, biosynthetic, chemical, biochemical or biological agent that enhances the delivery or transfer of said DNA, or facilitates its entry into the cell. Plasmid is a particular form of naked DNA according to the invention.
- nucleic acid sequence implemented according to the invention may further comprise selectable markers useful for selecting, measuring and monitoring the results of nucleic acid transfer (transfer to which tissues, duration of expression, etc.).
- selectable markers useful for selecting, measuring and monitoring the results of nucleic acid transfer (transfer to which tissues, duration of expression, etc.).
- the types of expression systems and reporter genes that can be used or adapted for use are well known in the art. For example, genes encoding luciferase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity or green fluorescent protein activity are commonly used.
- the nucleic acid sequence can be prepared and produced according to conventional recombinant DNA techniques, such as amplification, culture in prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells, enzymatic synthesis, purification, etc.
- recombinant DNA techniques such as amplification, culture in prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells, enzymatic synthesis, purification, etc.
- the techniques of recombinant DNA technology are known to those skilled in the art.
- a protein or a nucleic acid sequence used according to the invention may be present in a pharmaceutical composition also comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable medium.
- pharmaceutically refers to molecular entities and compositions that do not produce an adverse reaction, allergic or otherwise, when administered to a mammal, particularly a human, as the case may be.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient refers to a non-toxic solid, semi-solid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation aid of any type.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents include diluents and fillers that are pharmaceutically acceptable for the methods of the invention, are sterile and may be selected from neutral to slightly acidic isotonic buffered saline (including phosphates, chloride, etc.), aqueous or oleaginous solutions or suspensions and more preferably from sucrose, trehalose, surfactants, proteins and amino acids.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent is preferably formulated using suitable dispersing, wetting, suspending, soothing, isotonic or viscosity increasing agents, stabilizers, preservatives and buffers to form an isotonic solution.
- the particular pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and the ratio of active compound to carrier are determined by the solubility and chemical properties of the composition, the particular mode of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice. Those skilled in the art will understand how to formulate such vehicles by known techniques.
- An example of a stabilizer is disodium edetate.
- isotonic agents are glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sorbitol and mannitol or the like.
- buffers are citric acid, sodium hydrogen phosphate, glacial acetic acid and trometamol or the like.
- pH adjusting agents are hydrochloric acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate or the like.
- An example of soothing agents is benzyl alcohol or the like.
- preservatives are benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, p-hydroxybenzoate esters, benzoate sodium and chlorobutanol or similar.
- a viscosity greater than that of simple aqueous solutions may be desirable to increase ocular absorption of the protein or nucleic acid sequence, to decrease variability in formulation distribution, to decrease physical separation of components of a formulation suspension or emulsion, and/or otherwise to improve the ophthalmic formulation.
- Such viscosity-increasing agents include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, or other agents known to those skilled in the art. Such agents are typically employed at a level of about 0.01% to about 2% by weight based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition.
- the forms of preparation of the pharmaceutical composition intended to be administered, in particular into the muscle cells of the ocular sphere are preferably liquid preparations.
- the liquid preparations may be prepared, for example, by dissolving the protein or nucleic acid sequence in BSS (Balanced Salt Solution), glycerin solution, hyaluronic acid solution and the like.
- BSS Battery Salt Solution
- a particular composition comprises, for example, BSS (60%) and hyaluronic acid (40%).
- a stabilizer, an isotonic agent, a buffer, a pH adjuster, a soothing agent, a preservative, electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and/or chloride or the like may optionally be added in adequate quantity to the liquid.
- the concentration of decorin in protein form administered may range from about 0.01 mg/mL to about 1000 mg/mL.
- the concentration may be between 0.05 mg/mL and 750 mg/mL, while in other cases, it may be between 0.1 mg/mL and 500 mg/mL.
- the concentration ranges from about 0.2 mg/mL to about 250 mg/mL, from about 0.3 mg/mL to about 200 pg/mL, from about 0.5 mg/mL to about 100 mg/mL, from about 0.75 mg/mL to about 50 mg/mL, from about 0.75 mg/mL to about 25 mg/mL, or from about 1.0 mg/mL to about 10 mg/mL.
- the pharmaceutical composition may comprise one or more additional adjuvant(s).
- the adjuvant may be selected from any substance, mixture, solute or composition facilitating or increasing the biological activity of the protein or nucleic acid sequence such as any biological, synthetic or biosynthetic agent improving the delivery or transfer of said agent and assimilable to a vector (as delivery carrier) according to the invention.
- the adjuvant may be packaged and administered separately or sequentially from the composition containing the prophylactic or therapeutic agent and/or at a separate injection site. Treatment with multiple agents and/or adjuvants according to the invention need not be carried out using a mixture of agents and/or adjuvants but may be carried out using separate pharmaceutical preparations.
- the preparations do not need to be dispensed at exactly the same time, but can be coordinated to be dispensed to a patient during the same treatment period, i.e. a week or a month apart.
- a pharmaceutical composition as described may comprise one or more therapeutic agents.
- therapeutic agents include permeabilizing agents such as virus, lipid vesicle, hyaluronic acid, lipid-based positive ions, polycationic emulsions, cationic peptides, polyplexes, etc.; antibiotics and antimicrobial agents such as tetracycline hydrochloride, leukomycin, penicillin, penicillin derivatives, erythromycin, sulfathiazole, and nitrofurazone; local anesthetics such as benzocaine; vasoconstrictors such as phenylephrine hydrochloride, tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride, naphazoline nitrate, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, and tramazoline hydrochloride; cardiotonics such as digitalis and digoxin; vasodilators such as nitroglycerin and papaverine hydrochloride; antiseptics such as chlorhexidine
- a protein or nucleic acid sequence according to the invention can be administered to the individual in need thereof in combination with one or more biologically active active agents, in particular in a pharmaceutical composition as described above.
- Biologically active agents are for example selected from VEGF, angiogenin, angiopoietin-1, DeM, acidic or basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF), FGF-2, follistatin, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), scatter factor (SF), leptin, Midkine, placental growth factor (PGF), platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), pleiotrophin (PTN), RdCVF (Rod-derived Cone Viability Factor), Progranulin, Proliferin, TGF-alpha, PEDF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, VEGF, VPF, CNTF, BDNF, GDNF, PEDF, NT3, BFGF, F angiopoietin, ephrin, EPO, NGF, IGF,
- said protein or said nucleic acid sequence is administered to the individual in need thereof in combination with an anti-VEGF protein and/or a sequence coding for an anti-VEGF protein, in particular chosen from the group consisting of S-Fltl, aflibercept, conbercept, bevacizumab, ranibizumab and brolucizumab, more particularly with aflibercept and/or a sequence coding for aflibercept.
- an anti-VEGF protein and/or a sequence coding for an anti-VEGF protein in particular chosen from the group consisting of S-Fltl, aflibercept, conbercept, bevacizumab, ranibizumab and brolucizumab, more particularly with aflibercept and/or a sequence coding for aflibercept.
- compositions of the present invention may be tailored to achieve an amount effective to achieve a desired biological activity. It should be understood, however, that the specific dosage level for a particular patient will depend on a variety of factors, including body weight, general health, gender, diet, time, absorption and excretion rates, combination with other drugs, and the severity of the particular disease being treated.
- a protein, a nucleic acid sequence, in particular in the form of a DNA construct intended for the non-viral transfer of nucleic acids into the muscle cells of the ocular sphere of the patient in need thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition implemented according to the invention may be administered to the individual in need thereof according to the administration methods known in the art, of course adapted to the form administered (protein or nucleotide).
- administration methods suitable according to the present invention are particularly suitable for ocular administration.
- a protein, a nucleic acid sequence, in particular in the form of a DNA construct intended for the non-viral transfer of nucleic acids into the muscle cells of the ocular sphere of the patient in need thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition implemented according to the invention can thus be administered directly into the eye by injection into the ocular tissue, for example by periocular, conjunctival, sub-tenonal, intracameral, intravitreal, intraocular, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, suprachoroidal or intracanalicular injection; by direct application into the eye using a catheter or other placement device such as a retinal pellet, an intraocular insert, a suppository or an implant composed of a porous, non-porous or gelatinous; by topical eye drops or ointments; or by a slow-release device in the cul-de-sac or implanted near the sclera (transscleral) or in the sclera (intrascleral) or
- Methods of administration include, but are not limited to, methods of injection into the patient's ocular sphere, particularly into the muscle cells of the patient's ocular sphere, particularly into the ciliary muscle cells of the patient.
- a protein, nucleic acid sequence or pharmaceutical composition may be administered by minimally invasive subconjunctival injection, traditional intravitreal injection, transcleral administration, sub-Tenon injection, suprachoroidal administration or other suitable methods for delivering the protein-containing solution to tissue layers at the back of the eye.
- the means for injecting a protein, nucleic acid sequence or pharmaceutical composition into the ocular sphere may be an injection needle or preferably a flexible catheter or microcannula. Injection techniques may involve the use of microneedles, such as a 38 gauge microneedle or other microneedles of appropriate gauge.
- a protein, nucleic acid sequence, or pharmaceutical composition may be administered by injection into the scleral tissue.
- delivery may be by transcleral delivery using a collagen implant that is impregnated with the protein, nucleic acid sequence, or pharmaceutical composition and then placed into the conjunctiva.
- a protein, a nucleic acid sequence or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can be administered by topical application to the eye, in particular via eye drops; by at least one intravitreal injection, or a subconjunctival injection, or a suprachoroidal injection, or a subretinal injection; and/or using an intravitreal implant.
- a pharmaceutical composition implemented according to the invention is an eye drop formulation.
- the eye drop is provided in any generally used formulation, for example, in the form of an aqueous eye drop such as an aqueous eye drop solution, an aqueous eye drop suspension, a viscous eye drop solution, a solubilized eye drop solution and the like, or in the form of a non-aqueous eye drop such as a non-aqueous eye drop solution, a non-aqueous eye drop suspension and the like.
- an aqueous eye drop such as an aqueous eye drop solution, an aqueous eye drop suspension, a viscous eye drop solution, a solubilized eye drop solution and the like
- a non-aqueous eye drop such as a non-aqueous eye drop solution, a non-aqueous eye drop suspension and the like.
- an additive commonly used in an aqueous eye drop. Examples of such an additive include preservatives, isotonic agents, buffering agents, stabilizers, pH regulators or the like.
- a protein, a nucleic acid sequence or a pharmaceutical composition implemented according to the invention is administered by at least one intravitreal injection.
- a protein, a nucleic acid sequence or a pharmaceutical composition may be administered to the patient by injection into a ciliary muscle, optionally followed by an electrotransfer step into the cells of the ciliary muscle.
- Electrotransfer consists of an electroporation step applied after a local injection of a protein or a nucleic acid sequence, in particular a plasmid, and makes it possible to increase the transfection efficiency of the injected molecule.
- Electroporation is in fact adapted or increases the permeability of a cell membrane and/or at least a portion of a targeted tissue to a biologically active agent such as a protein or nucleic acid sequence.
- a brief electrical pulse with a given field intensity is used to enable the transport or migration of agents through the tissue or across cell membranes into cells, by an electrophoretic effect.
- the electroporation technique is well known to those skilled in the art.
- an electric field consisting of one or more electrical pulse(s) is applied.
- the field strength may be between about 1 and 600 volts, preferably 1 and 400 volts, even more preferably between about 1 and 200 volts, advantageously between about 10 and 100 volts, or 15 and 70 volts.
- the total duration of application of the electric field may be between 0.01 millisecond and 1 second, preferably between 0.01 and 500 milliseconds, more preferably between 1 and 500 milliseconds, even more preferably greater than 1 or 10 milliseconds. In a particular embodiment, the total duration of application of the electric field is between 10 milliseconds and 100 milliseconds and is preferably 20 milliseconds.
- the electrical pulses applied can be between 1 and 100,000, for example. Their frequency can be between 0.1 and 1000 hertz. This is preferably a regular frequency.
- the electrotransfer is carried out at a rate of 8 unipolar square electrical pulses (200V/cm, 10 ms, 5 Hz) generated by an electroporator similar to that described in Touchard et al. (J Gene Med. 2010 Nov;12(l l):904-19).
- Electrical pulses can also be delivered irregularly relative to each other, with the function describing the electric field strength as a function of time for a pulse preferably being variable.
- the electrical pulses may be unipolar or bipolar wave pulses. They may be selected, for example, from square wave pulses, exponentially decaying wave pulses, oscillating unipolar wave pulses of limited duration, oscillating bipolar wave pulses of limited duration, or other waveforms. Preferably, the electrical pulses comprise square wave pulses or oscillating bipolar wave pulses.
- the electric field is applied using two electrodes, one of said electrodes being introduced into the suprachoroidal space and the other being applied to the surface of the eye on the opposite side where the suprachoroidal injection was performed.
- the electric field is applied using two electrodes, one of said electrodes being applied to the surface of the sclera adjacent to the region where the suprachoroidal injection was performed and the other being applied to the surface of the eye (e.g. sclera or conjunctiva) on the opposite side where the suprachoroidal injection was performed.
- the electrodes are preferably selected from a wire type electrode and a contact plate type electrode, each type of electrode optionally being adapted to be reversibly applied to the surface of the eye.
- the contact plate type electrode is curved.
- the contact plate electrode is preferably made of a rigid material and of a curved shape adapted to the geometry of the surface of the sclera or the eye (for example the conjunctiva).
- the electrodes are advantageously made of a non-oxidizing conductive metal chosen for example from iridium or platinum.
- the electric field is applied with device means as described in Example 2.
- An electrotransfer method suitable according to the invention is described in Bloquel et al. “Plasmid electrotransfer of eye ciliary muscle: principles and therapeutic efficacy using hTNF-alpha soluble receptor in uveitis” (FASEB J 2006; 20: 389-391) by modifying the injection route by a transscleral approach (Touchard “The ciliary smooth muscle electrotransfer: basic principles and potetial for sustained intraocular production of therapeutic proteins”, J Gene Med. 2010 Nov;12(l l):904-19). Electroporation methods suitable for administration in the ocular sphere are notably described in EP2266656 B l.
- the present application also covers a method for treating an ocular pathology in an individual in need thereof, comprising at least one step of administering a protein, or a fragment thereof, as described above, to said individual, in which:
- the ocular pathology being characterized by a tear or disappearance, partial or total, of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in said individual;
- the protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof.
- the application also covers a method for repairing or regenerating a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual in need thereof comprising at least one step of administering to said individual a protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof. Furthermore, the application covers a method for treating an ocular pathology in an individual in need thereof, comprising at least one step of administering to said individual a nucleic acid sequence, in which:
- the ocular pathology being characterized by a tear or disappearance, partial or total, of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE);
- the application also relates to a method for repairing or regenerating a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual in need thereof, comprising at least one step of administering to said individual a nucleic acid sequence coding for the protein, or a fragment thereof, according to the invention.
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- the application also relates to a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof, for its use in the reconstruction of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual receiving or having received an RPE transplant.
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- the application also covers a method for improving the reconstruction of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual having received an RPE transplant comprising at least one step of administering to said individual a protein comprising a protein sequence comprising at least 85% sequence identity with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or with the sequence SEQ ID NO: 2, or a fragment thereof.
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- the application relates to a nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein, or a fragment thereof, for use in the reconstruction of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual having received an RPE transplant.
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- the application also relates to a method for reconstructing a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in an individual having received an RPE transplant comprising at least one step of administering to said individual a nucleic acid sequence coding for the protein, or a fragment thereof, according to the invention.
- RPE retinal pigment epithelium
- the inventors first demonstrated the ability of Decorin alone, administered as such, to restore the RPE in a model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in rats, an experimental model widely used to study AMD.
- CNV choroidal neovascularization
- RPE-choroid complex was flat-mounted and actin filaments in RPE cells were highlighted by immunofluorescence using Phalloidin coupled with the fluorochrome Alexa Fluor 647 (ThermoFisher) for 30 minutes at room temperature and then observed under a confocal microscope (Zeiss LSM710, Le Pecq, France).
- RPE images were captured using a digital video camera coupled to a computer system. For each laser-induced lesion, RPE reconstitution was qualitatively graded by assessing the structure of RPE cells and the area of RPE coverage of the lesion.
- Scores were established according to the following criteria: grade 0: no RPE coverage of the lesion or coverage with abnormal cells (not hexagonal); grade 0.5: partial coverage of the lesion with hexagonal RPE cells; grade 1: complete coverage of the lesion with hexagonal RPE cells (normal shape of RPE cells). Test results
- the mean score of coverage of NVC lesions by RPE cells was compared between the two groups of rats at D14.
- Figure 1B shows the incidence of different scores assigned per lesion in each group of rats (score of 1, 0.5 or 0 from top to bottom for each group). It thus appears that more than 50% of the lesions were assigned a score of 1 in the group treated with Decorin, compared to only 25% in the control group.
- the inventors have also demonstrated the ability of Decorin to restore the RPE in a model of persistent choroidal neovascularization induced by double laser impact in rats.
- mice The double-impact laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model, initially described in mice (Little et al., Transi Vis Sci Technol. 2020 Mar 9;9(4):3) and reproduced here in the Brown Norway rat, mimics chronic human disease in its stability and persistence.
- a first rupture of Bruch's membrane is performed on D-7 then a second laser impact is performed on D0 on each of the lesions previously induced on D-7.
- a second laser impact is performed on D0 on each of the lesions previously induced on D-7.
- four laser impacts were performed around the optic nerve at a distance of approximately 2 diameters from the optic disc with an Argon laser (532 nm) mounted on a slit lamp (200mW, 0.1s and 50pm). The presence of a bubble indicated the rupture of Bruch's membrane and confirmed a successful laser impact.
- the retinal and choroidal vascularization was visualized at D14 and D28 by fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green (ICG) according to a standard method well known to those skilled in the art.
- FFA fluorescein angiography
- ICG indocyanine green
- a mixture of fluorescein and indocyanine green was injected into the tail vein of the rats.
- Early and late phase angiograms were recorded 20 seconds-2 minutes and 5-7 minutes after injection of the fluorescein/indocyanine green mixture, respectively.
- fluorescein leakage was qualitatively graded by assessing the increase in size/intensity of the dye leakage between the early and late phases.
- Angiographic scores were established according to the following criteria: grade 0, no hyperfluorescence; grade 1, slight hyperfluorescence without increase in intensity or size; grade 2, hyperfluorescence increasing in intensity but not in size; grade 3, hyperfluorescence increasing in both intensity and size.
- the percentage of grade 3 lesions measured in rats during this examination is between 55 and 60% at D14 and D28.
- a DNA construct comprising a nucleic acid sequence according to the invention encoding Decorin was prepared according to conventional methods and is shown in Figure 5.
- This construct (hereinafter also referred to as plasmid A construct) comprises:
- sequence SEQ ID NO: 7 encoding the signal peptide of Decorin of sequence SEQ ID NO: 6;
- sequence SEQ ID NO: 8 encoding the Aflibercept of sequence SEQ ID NO: 9;
- Rats as previously described are used in accordance with the provisions of the ARVO (Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology) protocol.
- Electrotransfer is performed as described in Bloquel et al. “Plasmid electrotransfer of eye ciliary muscle: principles and therapeutic efficacy using hTNF-alpha soluble receptor in uveitis” (FASEB J 2006; 20: 389-391) by modifying the injection route by a transscleral approach (Touchard “The ciliary smooth muscle electrotransfer: basic principles and potetial for sustained intraocular production of therapeutic proteins”, J Gene Med. 2010 Nov;12(ll):904-19). Plasmids are injected at a rate of 30 pg in 10 pL of Tris-EDTA NaCl solution, into the ciliary muscle of the animals using a suitable syringe.
- Electrotransfer is performed using 8 unipolar square electrical pulses (200 V/cm, 10 ms, 5 Hz) generated by an electroporator similar to that described in Touchard et al (J Gene Med. 2010 Nov;12(ll):904-19).
- the eyes were enucleated, fixed in 4% PFA, embedded in paraffin, and then sectioned into 5 ⁇ m thick sections. Sections made in the central part of the CNV lesions were selected and prepared for immunohistological labeling. Briefly, the sections were deparaffinized using xylene baths and then rehydrated with successive ethanol baths from 100% to 70% ethanol. The sections were immunolabeled using an antibody directed against the RPE65 protein specifically expressed in RPE cells (Sigma Aldrich) and an antibody directed against Collagen 1 (Abeam) to mark the fibrovascular area.
- RPE65 anti- mouse Alexa fluor 488
- RPE65 anti-rabbit Alexa fluor 594
- Collagen 1 DAPI counterstaining was used to localize retinal structures. Sections were mounted with Fluoromount medium (Sigma Aldrich, France) under a coverslip for microscopic examination using a confocal microscope (Spinning disk CSU-W1, Leica). The area of RPE65-positive immunostaining (RPE cells) relative to the total size of the CNV lesion and the percentage of coverage of the CNV lesion by RPE cells (positive for RPE65) were measured using computer-aided image analysis software (ImageJ).
- ImageJ computer-aided image analysis software
- the vascular leakage induced by double laser impact was evaluated for each lesion and the relative percentage of grade 3 lesions compared between each of the 4 groups (see Figure 3). It thus appears that the percentage of grade 3 lesions at D14 and D28 is reduced by more than 50% in the group treated with plasmid A compared to the group that received the formulation buffer alone. Conversely, the administration of Aflibercept alone reduces the percentage of grade 3 lesions at D14 and D28 by only 6 to 22%, respectively, compared to the group that received a BSS solution. This thus materializes the capacity of a plasmid coding for Decorin and Aflibercept to very significantly reduce vascular leakage in a retina with choroidal neovascularization.
- the coverage of the retina by RPE cells was assessed for each lesion and compared between each of the 4 groups (Results presented in Figure 4B). More specifically, the area of positive immunostaining for the RPE65 marker (indicating the presence of RPE cells) relative to the total size of the CNV lesion was also compared between each of the 4 aforementioned groups (see Figure 4A).
- SEQ ID NO: 1 Peptide sequence of Decorin
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Peptide sequence of Decorin
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Nucleotide sequence coding for Decorin ggaccgtttcaacagagaggcttatttgactttatgctagaagatgaggcttctgggataggcccagaagttcctgatgaccgcgacttc gagccctcctaggcccagtgccccttccgctgtcaatgccatcttcgagtggtccagtgttctgattgggtct ggacaaagtgccaa aggatcttcccctgacacaactctgctagacctgcaaaacaacaaaataaccgaaatcaaagatggagactttaagaacctgaagaa ccttcacgcattgattcttgtcaacaataaaattagcaaagttagtcctggagcatttcttgtca
- SEQ ID NO: 4 Nucleotide sequence coding for Decorin gatgaggcttctgggataggcccagaagttcctgatgaccgcgacttcgagccctcctaggcccagtgtgccccttccgctgtcaatg ccatcttcgagtggtccagtgttctgatttgggtctggacaaagtgccaaaggatcttcccctgacacacaactctgctagacctgcaaaac aacaaaataaccgaaatcaaagatggagacttttaagaacctgaagaaccttcacgcattgattcttgtcaacaataaaattagcaaagtta gtcctggagcattttacaccttggtgaaagttggaaacgactttatc
- SEQ ID NO: 5 Nucleotide sequence coding for Decorin ggaccgtttcaacagagaggcttatttgactttatgctagaagatgaggcctctggaatcggacctgaggtgcccgacgacagagactt cgaaccttctgggccctgtgtgccccttcagatgccagtgtcatctgagagtggtgcagtgcgacctgggcc ttgataaggtgc ccaaggacctgcctctgacaccacactgctggacctgcagaacaacaagatcaccgagatcaaggacggcgacttcaagaacctg aagaatctgcacgcctgatctggtcaacaacaaatcaccgagatcaaggacggcgacttcaagaacctg aagaatctgcacg
- SEQ ID NO: 6 Peptide sequence of the native signal peptide of Decorin MKATIILLLLAQVSWA
- SEQ ID NO: 7 Nucleotide sequence coding for the native signal peptide of Decorin atgaaggccactatcatcctccttctgcttgcacaagtttcctgggct
- SEQ ID NO: 8 Nucleotide sequence coding for Aflibercept cagcgacaccggcagacccttcgtggaaatgtacagcgagatccccgagatcatccacatgaccgagggccgcgagctggtgatcc cttgcagagtgaccagccccaacatcaccgtgacactgaagaagttcccctctggacacactgatccccgacggcaagaggatcatctg ggacagcagaaagggcttcatcatcagcaacgccacatacaaagagatcggactgctgacatgcgaggccaccgtgaacggccatc tgtacaagaccaactatctgacccaccgccagaccaacaccatcatcgacgtggtgctgagccccagccacggcatcgagctgag
- SEQ ID NO: 9 peptide sequence of 1' Aflibercept SDTGRPFVEMYSEIPEIIHMTEGRELVIPCRVTSPNITVTLKKFPLDTLIPDGKRIIWDSR
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