WO2024227995A1 - Dispositif de commande d'au moins un moteur électrique d'un véhicule - Google Patents
Dispositif de commande d'au moins un moteur électrique d'un véhicule Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024227995A1 WO2024227995A1 PCT/FR2024/050556 FR2024050556W WO2024227995A1 WO 2024227995 A1 WO2024227995 A1 WO 2024227995A1 FR 2024050556 W FR2024050556 W FR 2024050556W WO 2024227995 A1 WO2024227995 A1 WO 2024227995A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- power
- user
- speed
- pssp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
- B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
- B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05358—Assemblies of conduits connected side by side or with individual headers, e.g. section type radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
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- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
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- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
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- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
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- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
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- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle comprising a pedal assembly used to control the movement of the vehicle at least in part by means of an electric motor.
- the invention can be applied to electrically assisted vehicles and vehicles with exclusively electric propulsion.
- the invention relates to a series hybrid vehicle comprising a pedal assembly, i.e. a pedal vehicle without mechanical transmission between the pedal assembly and the drive wheel(s), providing traction or propulsion by means of an electric motor.
- series hybrid in certain classifications to show that the vehicles comprise two electric motors mounted in “series”: a motor operating mainly as a generator at the pedal assembly and a motor associated with the drive wheel.
- hybrid reveals that the energy used to move the vehicles comes from both the mechanical energy applied to the pedal assembly and the electrical energy contained in a battery.
- the invention relates to the technical field of land transport and can be implemented for leisure, sports or utility vehicles, for example for delivery vehicles.
- PRIOR ART Pedal vehicles are currently experiencing significant growth with the development of electrical assistance solutions.
- Electrically assisted vehicles are generally composed of a pedal assembly, a drive wheel providing traction or propulsion of the vehicle, a mechanical transmission connecting the pedal assembly to the drive wheel, an electric motor and a battery powering the electric motor.
- an electrically assisted vehicle always incorporates a mechanical transmission connecting the pedal assembly to the drive wheel, for example a chain or a belt.
- Electrical assistance can be used to limit the efforts required to rotate the drive wheel or the pedal assembly. With electric assistance, it is possible to obtain cycles or velomobiles of low weight and volume that can weigh less than 50 kg, typically between 30 and 50 kg. For these vehicles, the power of the electric assistance amounts to a few hundred Watts, typically 200 to 300 W. Their speed is relatively low, less than or close to 25 km/h.
- the electric propulsion is done by means of one or more motors with a total power of several kilowatts. Their speed is relatively high, most models being designed to travel at 80-120 km/h. These velomobiles travel on motor roads, like a conventional car.
- the document EP3154815 describes for example such a vehicle. The lightness of these velomobiles allows them, with equal battery carrying weight, to have a greater autonomy compared to an electric car.
- the speed control can be carried out by the driver by means of the pedals.
- the instruction applied to the propulsion motor is for example a function of the rotation rate of the pedals, and it is determined so that the motor accelerates the rotation of the wheel by the engine torque that it generates.
- the power applied by the engine to the wheels can reach several thousand watts, and up to 10 or 12 kilowatts in particular, to allow circulation on the road normally reserved for cars.
- the pedal user can only achieve a power of a few hundred watts, and an average user will have difficulty maintaining a power greater than 250 watts over time.
- a simple proportionality between the two powers, of the motor and the pedal does not allow comfortable and precise driving. At low powers, speed control is not precise, and at high speeds the significant power developed cannot be maintained by the user.
- the natural variations in the power developed by the user on the pedal result in significant power variations at the motor level and therefore a non-uniform speed which is detrimental to the comfort and perceived quality of the vehicle.
- Document EP3978345 discloses a variable proportionality control device and method , the proportionality coefficient varying with the selection of a gear ratio from a selection, thus emulating a cycle with different chainrings and sprockets for example.
- the user must however manually select the gear ratio, and the change is discrete and is accompanied by a power discontinuity.
- This same problem can be posed for an electrically assisted vehicle that uses a very high electrical assistance ratio, typically greater than 50%.
- There is therefore a need for a method for controlling the propulsion of an electric vehicle, with electrical assistance or a series hybrid, by means of a pedal assembly allowing: to precisely control the power of the engine, to reduce power variations at the engine level, and to maintain a high speed over a long period without excessive effort from the user.
- the invention proposes a device for controlling at least one electric motor of an electric vehicle with electric propulsion or traction controlled by a pedal assembly. More specifically, the invention proposes to implement an acceleration power control with a comparison between the power applied by the user and an expected power, obtained from a set of stationary regimes of the pedal assembly defining the instantaneous power applied by the user to the pedals necessary to maintain the speed of the vehicle.
- the vehicle comprises: - at least one pedal associated with means for estimating the instantaneous power applied by the user to the pedals; - means for estimating state variables, typically but not necessarily or exclusively the speed and the slope, each making it possible to estimate the value of a force of a set of forces opposing or contributing to the advancement of the vehicle, and - means for controlling the power applied to the at least one electric motor.
- said control means comprise an electronic memory in which is stored a set of stationary regimes of the pedals defining the instantaneous power applied by the user to the pedals necessary to maintain the speed of the vehicle constant as a function of the values of the state variables.
- the control means are then configured to: estimate the state variables and deduce therefrom the instantaneous power to be applied by the user to the pedals to maintain the speed of the vehicle, accelerate the vehicle if the instantaneous power applied by the user to the pedals is greater than the instantaneous power required to maintain the speed of the vehicle constant at the pedals; and decelerate the vehicle if the instantaneous power applied by the user to the pedals is less than the instantaneous power required to maintain the speed of the vehicle constant at the pedals.
- the motor controlled by means of the control module as described can then be controlled in acceleration by means of the pedals over a wide range of vehicle speeds, and therefore of motor powers, without exceeding the pedaling capabilities of the user.
- the invention therefore proposes to improve the control of the electric motor by a pedal of an electrically assisted or series hybrid vehicle.
- the control device can also have one or more of the following characteristics.
- the set of stationary regimes can be such that for the sets of state variables for which the power to be applied by the user on the pedals to maintain the vehicle speed is zero, the power required by the engine to maintain the vehicle speed is also zero. This equality makes it possible to model the natural behavior of a cycle in freewheel mode without direct haptic feedback between the electric motor and the pedals.
- the acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle can be done simply by imposing a respectively positive or negative acceleration power setpoint.
- the device may further comprise means for estimating a load power corresponding to the power exerted by a set of forces opposing or contributing to the advancement of the vehicle, and when the measured load power is estimated to be positive and the instantaneous power applied by the user is greater than the instantaneous power required to maintain the speed of the vehicle, the acceleration power setpoint is the product of an acceleration coefficient and the difference between the power applied by the user and the power to be applied by the user to the pedals to maintain the speed of the vehicle constant. This operation allows power steering without gear changes and with a continuous effort that feels natural.
- the acceleration power setpoint is equal to the product of the measured power of the set of forces opposing or contributing to the vehicle's forward motion multiplied by the difference between the instantaneous power applied by the user and the instantaneous power required to maintain the vehicle's speed constant, divided by the instantaneous power required to maintain the vehicle's speed constant.
- the user When decelerating by reducing pedaling power, the user then feels the forces opposing the vehicle's forward motion, at the pedals.
- the power setpoint acceleration coefficient is equal to the difference between, on the one hand, the product of the acceleration coefficient and the power developed by the user and the measured load power. The user then feels the driving effect of the forces.
- the acceleration coefficient may in particular be equal to the quotient between, on the one hand, the difference between a maximum power of the vehicle engine and the instantaneous power of the engine necessary to maintain a constant speed of the vehicle, and on the other hand, the difference between a maximum power developed by the user and the instantaneous power necessary to maintain a constant speed of the vehicle.
- the accessible range of engine powers is then indexed to the range of powers developable by the user.
- the state variables may also include at least one parameter among the slope and the speed of the vehicle. With these two state variables alone, satisfactory behavior is obtained, allowing pleasant driving with realistic pedaling sensations.
- the state variables can, in addition, include at least one parameter from: the total weight of the vehicle, the type of road on which the vehicle is moving, the relative wind speed with respect to the vehicle, etc.
- the behavior of the vehicle can then be modeled and rendered with more precision.
- the invention also relates to the velomobile type vehicle, comprising a control device as described and at least one electric motor controlled by said control device.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a vehicle according to a particular embodiment of the invention
- - Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vehicle of Figure 1
- - Figure 3 is a flowchart representation of the main components of the control device of the vehicle of the preceding figures
- - Figure 4 is a graph of isometric lines of powers to be supplied to the engine to maintain a stationary regime as a function of the slope and the speed of the vehicle
- - Figure 5 is a graph of isometric lines of powers to be supplied by the user to maintain a stationary regime as a function of the slope and the speed of the vehicle constructed from the graph of Figure 4.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a vehicle 1 of the velomobile type according to the invention.
- the vehicle 1 comprises a passenger compartment 10, comprising a bodywork closing the passenger compartment 10.
- the passenger compartment 10 has a general shape similar to that of a single-seater car, with side doors 11 and windows 12 comprising a windshield at the front of the vehicle 1.
- the windows 12 and the windshield are cut out of panels carrying them, and possibly closed with glass panes.
- the driver benefits, through these windows 12 and through the windshield, a field of vision depending in particular on the external contour of the windows 12 and the windshield, as well as on the relative position of his head relative to the windows or the windshield.
- the vehicle 1 comprises wheels 31, 33, three in number, with preferably a rear drive wheel 31 and two front steered wheels 33 (only one of the two front wheels 33 is visible). Other embodiments may use two or four wheels. In addition, one or two front wheels may be driven in addition to or as an alternative to the drive of one or more rear wheels.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the vehicle of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows in particular the interior of the passenger compartment 10.
- the rear wheel 31 is connected to a drive device 5 such as a belt, a chain or a gear.
- the drive device 5 is in turn connected to an electric motor 7 which sets the rear wheel 31 in motion, using electrical energy stored in batteries 9, here located in a floor of the passenger compartment 10.
- the electric motor 7, and therefore the setting in motion of the wheels 31, 33 is controlled by means of a pedal assembly 14.
- a control unit (not shown) controls the electric motor 7, for example by increasing its speed and therefore the speed of the wheels 31, 33 and of the vehicle 1 in an increasing manner with the pedaling power at the pedal assembly 14.
- part of the mechanical energy applied to the pedal assembly 14 is directly transmitted to the wheels 31, 33.
- the electric motor 7 can then be a simple electrical assistance, exerting an assistance torque to that which the driver exerts directly by means of the pedal assembly. 14.
- the pedal assembly 14 may additionally or alternatively comprise a generator or generator mode operation, in which the torque applied by the driver is transmitted to the battery 9 to be later restored in the form of acceleration of the wheels 31, 33.
- Generator mode operation is encountered in pedal assemblies 14 or induction motors. In this mode of operation, the pedal assembly 14 is connected to the battery 9, and provides a resistive torque. By overcoming this resistive torque, the driver induces an electric current charging the battery 9.
- the pedal assembly 14 is located at the front of the passenger compartment 10, in front of a seat, and above a seat base.
- the pedal assembly 14 is located at a distance of between 60 and 100 cm from the seat, corresponding to the expected length of the driver's legs.
- the seat rests on a rail or on an equivalent translational guide means.
- the rail in turn rests on a seat base which is integral with the floor of the passenger compartment 10 of the vehicle 1.
- the seat base is substantially flat, and oriented towards the axis of the pedal assembly 14.
- the pedaling angle i.e. the inclination of the axis from the hip joint to the axis of rotation of the pedal assembly 14 remains constant regardless of the longitudinal position of the seat.
- a handlebar is positioned between the seat, with a U shape, the bottom of which is located under the expected position of the driver's legs and comprising side handles located above the driver's legs or at the height of the latter.
- the handlebar makes it possible to turn the wheels 31, 33, at least at the front, in order to turn when driving.
- the handlebar is in particular integral in translation and movable in rotation relative to a pivot, which is itself integral with the seat or with dedicated handlebar positioning means.
- the handlebar can in particular be pivoted in the transverse plane by action on the handles with a rotation comprised between two extreme steering angles of the order of plus or minus 20 to 30° relative to a rest position in which the rear wheel 31 is straight.
- the rear wheel 31 can be tilted by operating the handlebars, and the front wheels 33 are set in motion by the electric motor 7.
- the electric motor 7 is controlled by the driver by means of a control device 100, the main components of which are shown in the form of a flowchart in FIG.
- the pedal assembly 14 receives an instantaneous power Puser from the driver, and the control means exert an acceleration a by applying a engine setpoint power Ptot sp at the electric motor 7 to modify the speed v of the vehicle 1.
- the speed v can in particular be deduced from the rotational speed of the wheels 31, 33, measured for example by means of angular position sensors of said wheels 31, 33.
- the instantaneous power Puser developed by the user is estimated by appropriate power estimation means located at the pedal assembly 14, for example a means for estimating the resistive torque exerted by the pedal assembly 14 cooperating with means 21 for measuring the pedaling cadence applied by the user to the pedal assembly 14.
- the control device 100 comprises means 23 for estimating or measuring the value of state variables Xi making it possible to go back to the value of each of the forces of a set of forces Fload opposing or contributing to the advance of the vehicle 1.
- Said estimation means 23 can in particular comprise means estimation of the state variable Xi which is the speed v of the vehicle to go back to the drag in the air or an anemometer, for the direct measurement of the speed of the air flow at the level of the vehicle, and making it possible to take into account the wind in addition to the speed v of the vehicle 1, and means of estimating the slope Slo on which the vehicle 1 is moving, to go back to the force exerted by gravity, measured for example by means of accelerometers.
- the device also includes a means of estimating the real or measured load power Pload(t) corresponding to the power exerted by the set of forces Fload.
- the actual load power Pload(t) can be deduced from the total power Ptot exerted by the engine 7, from which is subtracted the acceleration power Pacc converted into kinetic energy, product of the mass of the vehicle m, the speed v and the acceleration a:
- a positive power is considered to be driving while a negative power results in braking and then acceleration by moving the vehicle 1 in reverse.
- the acceleration power Pacc corresponds to a variation in the total power of the motor 7 transmitted to the wheel 31, 33.
- a control unit UC is connected to the estimation means 21, 23, as well as to a power variator Var, which controls the power Ptot delivered by the electric motor 7 via the current i from the battery 9.
- the control unit UC comprises in particular an electronic memory in which is stored a set of stationary regimes SSmap of the pedal assembly 14 defining, for each set of values of the state variables Xi from the sensors 23, an instantaneous power applied by the user Pssp user on the pedal assembly 14, defined as the power Pssp user necessary to maintain the speed v of the vehicle 1 constant.
- Figure 4 is an example of the graph of the power value necessary for the engine 7 to maintain the speed of the vehicle Pssp mot constant which corresponds to the theoretical load power Pload(Xi) as a function of only the forces corresponding to the state variables Xi retained as representative of all the forces Fload: the slope Slo and the speed v.
- the power necessary for the engine 7 to maintain the speed of the vehicle Pload(Xi) constant is in particular calculable and calculated from the estimated values of the measured state variables Xi.
- the Applicant noted in particular that the choice of only the slope Slo and speed v, corresponding to the loads of gravity and drag in the air, makes it possible to obtain pleasant and realistic behavior of the vehicle 1.
- Figure 4 shows isometric lines of the value of said power Pload(Xi) required to maintain constant the speed v of the vehicle 1 in the plane indexed by the speed v on the abscissa and the slope Slo on the ordinate.
- Several lines are represented, corresponding to different power values P1, P2, P3, P4.
- the power required by the engine 7 to maintain the speed Pload(Xi) is notably increasing with the slope Slo and the speed v.
- the isometric lines closest to the upper right corner therefore correspond to the high powers, the lines closest to the lower left corner correspond to the low powers.
- the freewheel FW starts, for a speed v of zero, at a slope Slo slightly negative and sufficient to overcome the resistive torques linked to mechanical friction.
- the freewheel line FW descends when the speed v increases, due to the drag in the air which increases with said speed v and must be compensated.
- This power mapping is associated with a mapping of the pedaling power Pssp user to be applied to the crankset 14 to maintain the speed v of the vehicle 1 constant according to the same state variables Xi, here the slope Slo and the speed v of the vehicle 1.
- the power required by the crankset 14 to maintain the speed of the vehicle Pssp user is notably increasing with the slope Slo and the speed v as in the case of the power of the engine 7.
- the isometric lines closest to the corner upper right therefore correspond to high powers, the lines closest to the lower left corner correspond to low powers.
- a negative power corresponds to a braking power, braking triggered for example by backpedaling or by actuation of a dedicated brake control, the braking power being proportional to the level of actuation of the brake control.
- braking is done by actuation in the opposite direction of the pedals of the crankset 14, the braking power being proportional to the angle in the opposite direction adopted by the pedals of the crankset 14.
- a so-called "Dutch" bicycle is thus simulated.
- Figure 5 shows the isometric lines of pedaling power Pssp user required to maintain constant the speed v of the vehicle 1, in the plane indexed by the speed v on the abscissa and the slope Slo on the ordinate.
- T he isometric lines of pedaling power Pssp user required to maintain the speed v are generally of the same shape as the isometric lines of power Pssp of the motor 7, with an increasing value with the slope Slo and the speed v.
- Pssp user 0
- the pedaling power gradient Pssp-user may be larger, with closer isometric lines (“pinch” towards the FW line) in the power graph of the pedaling power P ssp user required to maintain speed v.
- the range of powers provided by the user Puser and by the low motor 7 the range of powers provided by the user Puser being relatively more spread out than the range of corresponding powers of the motor 7, great precision in the control in speed v is possible: a large variation in pedaling power Puser then corresponds to a small variation in power Ptot at the level of the motor 7.
- the power control can be less precise: a small variation in pedaling power Puser then corresponds to a large variation in power Ptot delivered at the level of the motor 7.
- the sensitivity of the effort required of the driver as a function of the speed v or the slope Slo varies greatly between low and high speeds.
- the control of the speed v by means of the power applied to the Puser pedal assembly is more precise.
- the precision of the speed control ⁇ ' is less important, the control is less precise but nevertheless allows a large range of speeds v to be achieved.
- the pedaling power P user is spread over a range of values lower than that of the power of the motor 7, the motor 7 being able to provide a power of the order of a few thousand watts, while the user can only provide a maximum power of a few hundred watts.
- the control means 25 are configured to accelerate the vehicle 1, by imposing an acceleration power setpoint Ptot sp greater than the previous setpoint, if the instantaneous power applied by the user Puser to the pedals is greater than the instantaneous power Pssp user necessary to maintain the speed v of the vehicle 1 constant .
- control means 25 are configured to decelerate the vehicle, by imposing an acceleration power setpoint Ptot sp lower than the previous setpoint, if the instantaneous power applied by the user Puser to the pedals is lower than the instantaneous power necessary to maintain the speed of the vehicle P ssp user constant.
- the acceleration power setpoint Pacc sp follows the following relationship, in which the acceleration power setpoint Pacc, sp is the product of an acceleration coefficient A and the difference between the power applied by the user Puser and the power Pssp user to be applied by the user on the pedal assembly 14 to maintain the speed v of the vehicle 1 constant: T o maintain the speed v constant, the user must apply a pedaling power Puser strictly equal to the power value of the set SSmap of stationary regimes.
- the motor 7 will decelerate the vehicle 1 with a negative acceleration power setpoint proportional to the pedaling power Pssp user necessary to maintain the speed of the vehicle 1.
- the acceleration coefficient A is advantageously equal to the quotient between, on the one hand, the difference between a maximum power of the vehicle engine Pmax vehicle and the instantaneous power of the engine 7 necessary to maintain the speed of the vehicle Pload(t) constant, and, on the other hand, the difference between a maximum power developed by the user Pmax user and the instantaneous power necessary to maintain the speed of the vehicle Pssp user constant:
- the acceleration coefficient A is increasingly important when the power to be developed by the user to maintain the speed P ssp user constant approaches the maximum power developable by the user P max user and becomes low conversely when the power of the engine 7 to maintain the speed Pload(Xi) constant approaches the maximum power developable by the engine Pmax vehicle.
- the acceleration coefficient can be fixed, and be worth for example the quotient between the maximum power developable by the engine P max vehicle and the maximum power developable by the user P max user :
- the maximum power developable by the engine Pmax vehicle is given by the manufacturer of the engine 7, and corresponds in particular to a power value that the engine 7 can maintain safely without damage.
- the maximum power developable by the user Pmax user is however to be evaluated and/or configured. For example, when a user uses the vehicle 1 for the first time, he can either enter an estimate of his sporting level, mainly in cycling, in particular by placing his abilities on a scale of 1 to 10 for example, where 10 would be an experienced athlete and 1 a beginner, as well as other data such as his height, age, etc.
- the maximum power developable by the user Pmax user is then deduced from a table based on the values given by the user.
- the maximum power developable by the user P max user can be determined during a prior calibration step, with the vehicle 1 stationary. During this calibration, the user must maintain a fixed cadence while an increasing resistive torque is applied to the pedal assembly 14.
- the control unit UC then records the power at which the cadence decreases and deduces therefrom a maximum power value that can be developed by the user.
- the acceleration power setpoint Pacc sp is equal to the product of the measured power Pload(t) of the set of forces Fload opposing or contributing to the advance of the vehicle multiplied by the difference between the instantaneous power applied by the user Puser and the instantaneous power required to maintain the vehicle speed Pssp user constant, divided by the instantaneous power required to maintain the vehicle speed Pssp constant:
- the power setpoint is equal to the opposite of the load power Pload(t) and the speed v of vehicle 1 is maintained.
- the acceleration power setpoint Pacc sp is equal to the difference between, on the one hand, the product of the acceleration coefficient A and the power developed by the user Puser and the measured load power Pload(t):
- the powers achievable by the engine 7 are furthermore indexed on the powers developable by the user at the pedals 14.
- the control device 100 allows continuous control of the speed v of the vehicle 1, with in particular control without any perceived change of gears, over a wide range of speeds v.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24728667.7A EP4705137A1 (fr) | 2023-05-02 | 2024-04-30 | Dispositif de commande d'au moins un moteur électrique d'un véhicule |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2304386A FR3148407A1 (fr) | 2023-05-02 | 2023-05-02 | Dispositif de commande d’au moins un moteur électrique d’un véhicule |
| FRFR2304386 | 2023-05-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024227995A1 true WO2024227995A1 (fr) | 2024-11-07 |
Family
ID=87974142
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2024/050556 Ceased WO2024227995A1 (fr) | 2023-05-02 | 2024-04-30 | Dispositif de commande d'au moins un moteur électrique d'un véhicule |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4705137A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3148407A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024227995A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015017456A2 (fr) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Motiv Technology, Inc. | Système et procédé permettant de commander une bicyclette électrique à pédales |
| EP3154815A1 (fr) | 2014-06-10 | 2017-04-19 | RahtMobile LLC | Véhicule électrique hybride série à résistance variable |
| US9896153B2 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2018-02-20 | Microspace Corporation | Motor driving control apparatus |
| US20190299797A1 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-10-03 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electric assistance system and electrically assisted vehicle |
| WO2021255637A1 (fr) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-12-23 | Zehus S.P.A. | Procédé et dispositif de commande de la vitesse de croisière d'un vehicule à propulsion hybride ou électrique |
| EP3978345A1 (fr) | 2019-05-31 | 2022-04-06 | Mando Corporation | Dispositif d'entraînement de vélo électrique et procédé associé |
| US20220119073A1 (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2022-04-21 | Zuma Innovation S.L. | Electric vehicles provided with control systems based on stimuli to the user |
| US20230025393A1 (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-01-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for adjusting a motor torque of a motor of an electric bicycle and associated device for adjusting a motor torque |
-
2023
- 2023-05-02 FR FR2304386A patent/FR3148407A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-30 WO PCT/FR2024/050556 patent/WO2024227995A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-04-30 EP EP24728667.7A patent/EP4705137A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9896153B2 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2018-02-20 | Microspace Corporation | Motor driving control apparatus |
| WO2015017456A2 (fr) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Motiv Technology, Inc. | Système et procédé permettant de commander une bicyclette électrique à pédales |
| EP3154815A1 (fr) | 2014-06-10 | 2017-04-19 | RahtMobile LLC | Véhicule électrique hybride série à résistance variable |
| US20190299797A1 (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2019-10-03 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electric assistance system and electrically assisted vehicle |
| US20220119073A1 (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2022-04-21 | Zuma Innovation S.L. | Electric vehicles provided with control systems based on stimuli to the user |
| EP3978345A1 (fr) | 2019-05-31 | 2022-04-06 | Mando Corporation | Dispositif d'entraînement de vélo électrique et procédé associé |
| WO2021255637A1 (fr) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-12-23 | Zehus S.P.A. | Procédé et dispositif de commande de la vitesse de croisière d'un vehicule à propulsion hybride ou électrique |
| US20230025393A1 (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-01-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for adjusting a motor torque of a motor of an electric bicycle and associated device for adjusting a motor torque |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4705137A1 (fr) | 2026-03-11 |
| FR3148407A1 (fr) | 2024-11-08 |
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