WO2024228449A1 - 음극 활물질, 음극, 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 - Google Patents
음극 활물질, 음극, 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024228449A1 WO2024228449A1 PCT/KR2024/001647 KR2024001647W WO2024228449A1 WO 2024228449 A1 WO2024228449 A1 WO 2024228449A1 KR 2024001647 W KR2024001647 W KR 2024001647W WO 2024228449 A1 WO2024228449 A1 WO 2024228449A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/90—Carbides
- C01B32/914—Carbides of single elements
- C01B32/956—Silicon carbide
- C01B32/963—Preparation from compounds containing silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode, a secondary battery, and a method for manufacturing the negative electrode active material.
- Lithium secondary batteries are gaining attention as a power source for portable devices because they are lightweight and have high energy density. Accordingly, research and development efforts are actively being conducted to improve the performance of lithium secondary batteries.
- a lithium secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode, a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode, an electrolyte, an organic solvent, etc.
- an active material layer including a cathode active material and an anode active material, respectively, may be formed on a current collector in the cathode and the anode.
- a lithium-containing metal oxide such as LiCoO 2 or LiMn 2 O 4 is used as a cathode active material in the cathode, and a carbon-based active material or a silicon-based anode active material that does not contain lithium is used as an anode active material in the anode.
- carbon materials such as graphite are used as the active material for the negative electrode of lithium secondary batteries, but the theoretical capacity density of carbon is 372 mAh/g (833 mAh/cm 3 ). Therefore, in order to improve the energy density of the negative electrode, silicon (Si), tin (Sn), oxides and alloys thereof that are alloyed with lithium are being considered as negative electrode active materials.
- silicon-based materials are attracting attention because they have a low price and high capacity (4200 mAh/g) compared to carbon-based active materials, and have excellent fast-charging characteristics (see Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0065514).
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode comprising the same, a secondary battery comprising the same, and a method for producing the negative electrode active material.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides an anode active material comprising silicon particles; and silicon carbide distributed within the silicon particles, wherein the silicon carbide is contained in an amount of about 0.1 part by weight or more and 1 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total anode active material.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a negative electrode including the negative electrode active material.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a secondary battery including the negative electrode.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing the negative electrode active material.
- a negative electrode active material includes a small amount of silicon carbide distributed in silicon particles.
- Silicon carbide has a very strong bonding force and is a mechanically stable material. When distributed inside Si, it suppresses particle breakage of the active material due to charge and discharge, thereby improving the electrode life characteristics. Therefore, for example, when a small amount of silicon carbide is distributed inside silicon particles in the above range, the life characteristics of the electrode can be effectively improved.
- the negative electrode active material as described above forms silicon carbide during the reduction process of raw materials without adding a separate material during synthesis, it is advantageous in terms of cost and process.
- the negative electrode including the negative electrode active material according to one embodiment of the present invention and the secondary battery including the negative electrode have the effect of improving the discharge capacity, initial efficiency, resistance performance, and/or life characteristics of the battery.
- the crystallinity of the structure included in the negative active material can be confirmed through X-ray diffraction analysis.
- the X-ray diffraction analysis can be performed using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis device (product name: D4-endavor, manufacturer: bruker), and in addition to the above device, devices used in the art can be appropriately employed.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- ICPAES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) can be defined as a particle diameter corresponding to 50% of the volume accumulation amount in the particle size distribution curve (graph curve of particle size distribution).
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction method.
- the laser diffraction method can generally measure particle diameters from the submicron range to several mm, and can obtain results with high reproducibility and high resolution.
- the terms “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially” are used to mean a range of or approximation to a numerical value or degree, taking into account inherent manufacturing and material tolerances, and are used to prevent infringers from unfairly utilizing the disclosure, which contains precise or absolute numbers provided to aid in the understanding of the present invention.
- Silicon-based anode active materials used as anode active materials for lithium secondary batteries have the disadvantage of relatively large volume expansion/contraction due to charge/discharge and relatively large irreversible capacity, resulting in low initial efficiency.
- lithium ions released from the anode are inserted into the anode during charging, and lithium ions inserted into the anode are desorbed from the anode and returned to the anode during discharge.
- silicon-based anode active materials have severe volume changes and surface side reactions, so that a large amount of lithium inserted into the anode during initial charging does not return to the anode, resulting in a problem of increased initial irreversible capacity. When the initial irreversible capacity increases, the battery capacity and cycles decrease rapidly.
- silicon-based anode active materials break as the charge/discharge cycle progresses, causing continuous degradation of the lifespan.
- Existing silicon-based anode active materials are composed of only pure silicon, and thus have low mechanical strength of the material itself, which is disadvantageous in terms of suppressing volume expansion of the electrode.
- the present invention provides a silicon-based negative electrode active material with improved breakage phenomenon and a method for manufacturing the same, and a lithium secondary battery with improved discharge capacity, initial efficiency, resistance performance, and/or life cycle characteristics by employing the improved negative electrode active material.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides an anode active material comprising silicon particles; and silicon carbide distributed within the silicon particles, wherein the silicon carbide is contained in an amount of about 0.1 part by weight or more and 1 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total anode active material.
- silicon-based particles Compared to the graphite-based active materials used in the past, silicon-based particles have significantly higher capacity, so there have been many attempts to apply silicon-based particles as negative electrode active materials. However, due to the increased volume expansion rate of silicon-based particles during the charge/discharge process and various side effects caused by this, they are limited to cases where they are mixed in small amounts with graphite-based active materials.
- a negative electrode active material effectively improves the electrode life characteristics by distributing silicon carbide in silicon particles in an amount of about 0.1 part by weight or more and 1 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total negative electrode active material, thereby suppressing particle breakage of the negative electrode active material during the charge/discharge process of the battery.
- the negative electrode active material as described above forms silicon carbide in the reduction process of raw materials without adding a separate material during synthesis, it is advantageous in terms of cost and process compared to a method of adding a separate material.
- silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) powder is heated to about 1,800° C. in a carbon atmosphere (2C) to be reduced to molten silicon. Thereafter, the molten silicon is cooled at a preset cooling rate, for example, about 20 to 70° C./min, to additionally form silicon carbide (SiC) particles in addition to silicon (Si) particles.
- a preset cooling rate for example, about 20 to 70° C./min.
- silicon carbide (SiC) is distributed in the silicon (Si) particles in an amount of about 0.1 part by weight or more and 1 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total negative electrode active material.
- a negative active material includes silicon particles.
- the discharge capacity per weight of a secondary battery including the same is about 3400 mAh/g or more
- particle breakage may occur due to excessive volume expansion during charge and discharge in a secondary battery to which it is applied, which may deteriorate the capacity retention rate, and thus may cause problems in application to actual products.
- the silicon-based particles may be pure silicon (Si) particles.
- the silicon-based particles may contain about 10 parts by weight or less, for example, 5 parts by weight or less, or 3 parts by weight to 5 parts by weight, of SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) based on 100 parts by weight of the negative active material. That is, the silicon-based particles may further contain a trace amount of impurities.
- the silicon-based particles may contain metal impurities, and at this time, the metal impurities may be metals that may generally be contained in silicon-based particles, and may be contained in an amount of, for example, about 0.1 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the silicon-based particles.
- the silicon-based particles may exist in, for example, a crystalline or amorphous form, and may be porous or non-porous. In one example, the silicon-based particles may be non-porous.
- the silicon-based particles are, for example, spherical or fragment-shaped particles. Alternatively, the silicon-based particles may have a fibrous structure, or may exist in the form of a silicon-containing film or coating.
- a negative active material includes silicon carbide distributed in the silicon particles.
- the silicon carbide has a bond of Si and C.
- Silicon carbide has a very strong bonding force and is a mechanically stable material. When distributed inside Si, it suppresses particle breakage of the active material due to charge and discharge, thereby improving the electrode life characteristics. Therefore, by distributing silicon carbide inside the silicon particles as described above, particle breakage of the active material can be prevented, thereby effectively improving the electrode life characteristics.
- the silicon carbide may be included in an amount of about 0.1 part by weight or more and 1 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total negative electrode active material.
- the silicon carbide may be included in an amount of about 0.1 part by weight or more and 1 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total negative electrode active material
- the silicon carbide may be included in an amount of about 0.2 part by weight or more and 0.8 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total negative electrode active material
- the silicon carbide may be included in an amount of about 0.4 part by weight or more and 0.8 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total negative electrode active material.
- the capacity reduction of the electrode can be minimized, and the particle breakage of the active material can be effectively prevented, so that the life characteristics of the electrode can be effectively improved.
- the negative electrode active material as described above can be formed during the reduction process of the raw material without adding a separate material during synthesis, it is advantageous in terms of cost and process compared to the case where a separate material is added.
- carbon may be included in an amount of about 0.03 to 0.3 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the content of the above silicon carbide can be analyzed using the Rietveld refinement method of XRD measuring equipment.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the negative electrode active material may be about 0.01 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, or 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter is within the above range, the specific surface area of the particles becomes an appropriate range, so that the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is formed within an appropriate range. Accordingly, the particles constituting the negative electrode slurry are smoothly dispersed.
- the size of the negative electrode active material has a value equal to or greater than the lower limit, the contact area between the negative electrode active material particles and the conductive material is excellent due to the composite composed of the conductive material and the binder in the negative electrode slurry, so that the possibility of the conductive network being sustained increases, thereby increasing the capacity retention rate.
- the average particle diameter satisfies a value equal to or less than the upper limit, excessively large particles are excluded, so that the surface of the negative electrode is formed smoothly, and thus the phenomenon of uneven current density during charge and discharge can be prevented.
- the negative active material generally has a characteristic BET specific surface area.
- the BET specific surface area of the negative active material is, for example, about 0.01 m 2 /g to 100.0 m 2 /g, or 0.1 m 2 /g to 50.0 m 2 /g, or 0.1 m 2 /g to 10.0 m 2 /g, or 0.5 m 2 /g to 5 m 2 /g.
- the BET specific surface area is measured (using nitrogen) according to DIN 66131.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing the negative electrode active material described above.
- the method includes a step of reducing silicon dioxide to silicon by reacting it with carbon; and a step of forming silicon carbide using residual carbon after the reduction.
- the present invention provides a method for producing the negative electrode active material, including a step of reducing silicon dioxide using carbon to obtain silicon; and a step of forming silicon carbide by controlling cooling conditions after silicon synthesis.
- the method for manufacturing the negative active material as described above is advantageous in terms of cost and process as it forms silicon carbide during the reduction process of raw materials without adding separate materials during synthesis.
- the step of reducing silicon dioxide into silicon by reacting with carbon can be performed at a high temperature of about 1800°C or higher.
- the cooling rate is controlled after the reduction reaction, the silicon dioxide and residual carbon that have not reacted in the Si or reduction process react to form silicon carbide within Si.
- the cooling rate is in the range of about 20 to 70°C/min, and the content of silicon carbide within Si can be controlled by controlling the cooling rate.
- the cooling rate is, for example, more than about 20°C/min and less than or equal to 55°C/min, for example, more than or equal to about 23°C/min and less than or equal to 50°C/min.
- the method of manufacturing the negative active material containing silicon carbide through silicon reduction and cooling as described above has been described, but it is not limited thereto, and the negative active material containing silicon carbide can also be manufactured by other methods.
- the negative active material containing silicon carbide can be manufactured under the conditions described above, for example, about 0.1 part by weight or more and 1 part by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the total negative active material.
- the negative electrode according to one embodiment of the present invention may include the negative electrode active material described above.
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material in which silicon carbide manufactured in the process is formed within Si.
- the negative electrode active material layer may further include a binder, a thickener, and/or a conductive agent.
- the negative electrode current collector may generally have a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. may be used.
- fine unevenness may be formed on the surface to strengthen the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode current collector may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, etc.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector may be about 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer may be about 20 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness may be variously modified depending on the type and purpose of the negative electrode used and is not limited thereto.
- the above negative electrode active material layer can be formed by applying a negative electrode slurry including a negative electrode active material, a binder, a thickener, and/or a conductive agent to at least one surface of a current collector and drying and rolling.
- the negative electrode slurry may include a negative electrode active material layer composition; and a slurry solvent.
- the solid content of the cathode slurry can satisfy a range of about 5% to 40%.
- the solid content of the cathode slurry can satisfy a range of about 5% to 40%, for example, 7% to 35%, or 10% to 30%.
- the solid content of the above negative electrode slurry may mean the content of the negative electrode active material layer composition included in the negative electrode slurry, and may mean the content of the negative electrode active material composition based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode slurry.
- the viscosity is appropriate when forming the negative electrode active material layer, thereby minimizing particle agglomeration of the negative electrode active material layer composition, thereby enabling the formation of the negative electrode active material layer efficiently.
- the slurry solvent is not limited to any solvent capable of dissolving the negative electrode active material layer composition, but for example, distilled water may be used.
- a negative electrode can be formed by coating and drying the negative electrode slurry on a negative electrode current collector layer.
- the slurry solvent in the cathode slurry can be dried.
- the negative electrode active material layer composition may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a negative electrode active material; a negative electrode conductive material; and a negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode active material of the present invention may be used as the negative electrode active material, or the negative electrode active material of the present invention and an additional negative electrode active material may be used together.
- a lithium secondary battery having improved overall performance, such as cycle life characteristics, can be manufactured.
- the additional negative electrode active material a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium can be used.
- it can be a carbon-based negative electrode active material.
- the additional negative electrode active material can be a carbonaceous material such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, amorphous carbon, etc.; a metallic compound capable of alloying with lithium such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, a Si alloy, a Sn alloy, or an Al alloy; a metal oxide capable of doping and dedoping lithium such as SiO ⁇ (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2), SnO 2 , vanadium oxide, lithium titanium oxide, or lithium vanadium oxide; or a composite including the metallic compound and a carbonaceous material such as a Si-C composite or a Sn-C composite, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these can be used.
- a metallic lithium thin film can also be used as the negative electrode active material.
- both low-crystallinity carbon and high-crystallinity carbon can be used as carbon materials.
- Soft carbon and hard carbon are representative examples of low-crystallinity carbon
- high-crystallinity carbon is representative examples of amorphous, plate-like, flaky, spherical or fibrous natural graphite or artificial graphite, Kish graphite, pyrolytic carbon, mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber, mesophase pitches, mesophase pitches, and high-temperature calcined carbon such as petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes.
- the negative electrode includes a negative current collector; and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material according to the present invention, and the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of about 60 parts by weight or more based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the negative active material may be included in an amount of about 60 parts by weight or more, for example, about 65 parts by weight or more, or about 70 parts by weight or more, and may be included in an amount of about 95 parts by weight or less, or about 90 parts by weight or less, or about 80 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the negative active material layer composition.
- the negative electrode active material layer composition according to the present invention includes a negative electrode conductive agent and a negative electrode binder capable of controlling a volume expansion rate during a charge and discharge process even when the negative electrode active material having a significantly high capacity is used within the above range, so that the performance of the negative electrode is not deteriorated and the negative electrode has excellent output characteristics during charge and discharge.
- the negative active material may have a non-spherical shape and its circularity is, for example, about 0.9 or less, for example, about 0.7 to 0.9, for example, about 0.8 to 0.9, for example, about 0.85 to 0.9.
- the sphericity is determined by the following formula A, where A is an area and P is a boundary line.
- the negative conductive material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of a dot-shaped conductive material; a surface-shaped conductive material; and a linear conductive material.
- the dot-shaped conductive material can be used to improve conductivity of the cathode, and means a conductive material having conductivity without causing a chemical change.
- the dot-shaped conductive material can be at least one selected from the group consisting of natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, paneth black, lamp black, thermal black, conductive fiber, fluorocarbon, aluminum powder, nickel powder, zinc oxide, potassium titanate, titanium oxide, and polyphenylene derivatives, and according to one embodiment, can include carbon black in terms of implementing high conductivity and excellent dispersibility.
- the dot-shaped conductive material may have a BET surface area of about 40 m 2 /g or more and 70 m 2 /g or less, for example, 45 m 2 /g or more and 65 m 2 /g or less, or 50 m 2 /g or more and 60 m 2 /g or less.
- the particle size of the dot-shaped conductive material may be about 10 nm to 100 nm, for example, about 20 nm to 90 nm, or about 40 nm to 60 nm.
- the negative conductive material may include a planar conductive material.
- planar conductive material can improve conductivity by increasing planar contact between silicon particles within the cathode, and at the same time, suppress disconnection of conductive paths due to volume expansion, and is used as a concept including a bulk conductive material or a plate-shaped conductive material.
- the planar conductive material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of plate-shaped graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, and graphite flakes, and may be plate-shaped graphite according to one embodiment.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the surface-shaped conductive material may be about 2 ⁇ m to 7 ⁇ m, for example, about 3 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, or about 4 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the surface-shaped conductive material may have a D 10 of about 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less, a D 50 of about 2.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less, and a D 90 of about 7.0 ⁇ m or more and 15.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the planar conductive material may be a high-specific surface area planar conductive material having a high BET specific surface area; or a low-specific surface area planar conductive material.
- a high surface area surface-type conductive material; or a low surface area surface-type conductive material may be used without limitation as the surface-type conductive material.
- a low surface area surface-type conductive material that does not cause dispersion problems may be used.
- the surface-shaped conductive material may have a BET surface area of about 5 m 2 /g or more.
- the surface-shaped conductive material may have a BET surface area of about 5 m 2 /g or more and 500 m 2 /g or less, for example, 5 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less, or 5 m 2 /g or more and 250 m 2 /g or less.
- the planar conductive material is a high surface area planar conductive material, and the BET surface area can satisfy a range of about 50 m 2 /g or more and 500 m 2 /g or less, for example, about 80 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less, or about 100 m 2 /g or more and 300 m 2 /g or less.
- the planar conductive material is a low surface area planar conductive material, and the BET surface area can satisfy a range of about 5 m 2 /g to 40 m 2 /g, for example, 5 m 2 /g to 30 m 2 /g, or 5 m 2 /g to 25 m 2 /g.
- cathode conductive materials may include linear conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotubes may be bundle-type carbon nanotubes.
- the bundle-type carbon nanotubes may include a plurality of carbon nanotube units.
- the term "bundle type" herein refers to a secondary shape in the form of a bundle or rope in which a plurality of carbon nanotube units are arranged in a substantially same orientation in a parallel manner or entangled with the longitudinal axes of the carbon nanotube units.
- the carbon nanotube units have a cylindrical shape of a graphite sheet with a nano-sized diameter and an sp2 bonding structure.
- the graphite sheets may exhibit conductor or semiconductor properties depending on the angle and structure at which they are rolled.
- the above bundled carbon nanotubes can be uniformly dispersed during the manufacture of a cathode compared to entangled type carbon nanotubes, and can smoothly form a conductive network within the cathode, thereby improving the conductivity of the cathode.
- the negative electrode conductive material may be included in an amount of about 10 parts by weight or more and 40 parts by weight or less based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition.
- the negative electrode conductive material may be included in an amount of about 10 parts by weight or more and 40 parts by weight or less, for example, 10 parts by weight or more and 30 parts by weight or less, or 15 parts by weight or more and 25 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition.
- the negative electrode conductive material according to the present invention has a substantially separate composition from the conductive material applied to the positive electrode. That is, the negative electrode conductive material according to the present invention plays a role of holding the contact point between negative electrode active materials, which undergo a large volume expansion of the electrode due to charging and discharging, and the positive electrode conductive material plays a role of providing some conductivity while acting as a buffer when rolled, and thus has a different composition and role from the negative electrode conductive material of the present invention.
- the negative electrode conductive material according to the present invention is applied to a silicon-based negative electrode active material, and has a substantially different composition from the conductive material applied to a graphite-based active material. That is, the conductive material used in an electrode having a graphite-based active material simply has smaller particles compared to the active material, and thus has the characteristics of improving output characteristics and imparting some conductivity, and is different in composition and role from the negative electrode conductive material applied together with a silicon-based negative electrode active material, as in the present invention.
- the planar conductive material used as the above-mentioned negative electrode conductive material has a structure and a role different from those of the carbon-based active material generally used as the negative electrode active material.
- the carbon-based active material used as the negative electrode active material may be artificial graphite or natural graphite, and refers to a material processed into a spherical or dot-shaped form to facilitate the storage and release of lithium ions.
- the planar conductive material used as the negative electrode conductive material is a material having a planar or plate-like shape, and can be expressed as plate-like graphite. In other words, it refers to a material included to maintain a conductive path within the negative electrode active material layer, and is a material for securing a planar conductive path within the negative electrode active material layer, not for the role of storing and releasing lithium.
- the use of plate-shaped graphite as a conductive material means that it is processed into a planar or plate-shaped shape and used as a material that secures a conductive path rather than a role of storing or releasing lithium.
- the negative electrode active material included together has high capacity characteristics for lithium storage and release, and plays a role of storing and releasing all lithium ions transferred from the positive electrode.
- the use of a carbon-based active material as an active material means that it is processed into a dot or spherical shape and used as a material that plays a role in storing or releasing lithium.
- the carbon-based active material such as artificial graphite or natural graphite
- the carbon-based active material may have a BET surface area in the range of about 0.1 m 2 /g or more and 4.5 m 2 /g or less.
- the plate-shaped graphite which is a surface-shaped conductive material, may have a BET surface area of about 5 m 2 /g or more in the form of a surface.
- the negative electrode binder may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, poly acrylic acid, and a material in which hydrogen of these is substituted with Li, Na or Ca, and may also include various copolymers thereof.
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- a binder serves to hold the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode conductive material in order to prevent distortion and structural deformation of the negative electrode structure during volume expansion and relaxation of the silicon-based negative electrode active material.
- Any general negative electrode binder satisfying the above-mentioned role can be applied, and for example, an aqueous binder can be used, or a PAM-based binder can be used.
- the negative electrode binder may be included in an amount of about 30 parts by weight or less, for example, 25 parts by weight or less, or 20 parts by weight or less, based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material layer composition, and may be included in an amount of 1 part by weight or more, or 3 parts by weight or more.
- a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention may include the negative electrode according to the above-described embodiment.
- the secondary battery may include a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, and the negative electrode is the same as the negative electrode described above. Since the negative electrode has been described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the above positive electrode may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, and including the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and does not cause a chemical change in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, sintered carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. may be used.
- the positive electrode collector may typically have a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine unevenness may be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode collector may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, etc.
- the above positive electrode active material may be a commonly used positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material may be a layered compound such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium iron oxide such as LiFe 3 O 4 ; lithium manganese oxide having the chemical formula Li 1+c1 Mn 2-c1 O 4 (0 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.33), LiMnO 3 , LiMn 2 O 3 , LiMnO 2 ; lithium copper oxide (Li 2 CuO 2 ); vanadium oxide such as LiV 3 O 8 , V 2 O 5 , Cu 2 V 2 O 7 ; Ni-site type lithium nickel oxide represented by the chemical formula LiNi 1-c2 M c2 O 2 (wherein, M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, and Ga, and satisfies 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 0.5); lithium manganese composite oxide
- the above-described positive electrode active material layer may include a positive electrode conductive material and a positive electrode binder together with the positive electrode active material described above.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and in the battery to be formed, as long as it does not cause a chemical change and has electronic conductivity, it can be used without special restrictions.
- Examples thereof include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, and the like.
- graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite
- carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber
- metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver
- conductive whiskers such as
- the positive electrode binder serves to improve the adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and the adhesive strength between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector.
- examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), fluororubber, or various copolymers thereof, and one of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP polyvinyl
- a porous polymer film for example, a porous polymer film made of a polyolefin polymer such as an ethylene homopolymer, a propylene homopolymer, an ethylene/butene copolymer, an ethylene/hexene copolymer, and an ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or a laminated structure of two or more layers thereof, can be used.
- a conventional porous nonwoven fabric for example, a nonwoven fabric made of high-melting-point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc. can be used.
- a coated separator containing a ceramic component or a polymer material to secure heat resistance or mechanical strength can be used, and can be optionally used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- Examples of the above electrolytes that can be used in the manufacture of lithium secondary batteries include, but are not limited to, organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes.
- the electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a metal salt.
- an aprotic organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolan, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolan, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, triester phosphoric acid, trimethoxy methane, dioxolan derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, ethers, methyl propionate, and ethyl propionate
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone propylene
- ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate which are cyclic carbonates
- low-viscosity, low-dielectric constant linear carbonates, such as dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate are mixed and used in an appropriate ratio with these cyclic carbonates, an electrolyte with high electrical conductivity can be produced.
- the metal salt may use a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is a substance that is easily dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and for example, the anions of the lithium salt include F - , Cl - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 - , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 - , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 - , (CF 3 ) 5 PF - , (CF 3 ) 6 P - , CF 3 SO 3 - , CF 3 CF 2 SO 3 - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N - , (FSO 2 ) 2 N - , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO - , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH - , At least one selected from the group consisting of (SF 5 ) 3 C
- the above electrolyte may further contain one or more additives, such as, for example, haloalkylene carbonate compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ethers, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphoric acid triamide, nitrobenzene derivatives, sulfur, quinone imine dyes, N-substituted oxazolidinones, N,N-substituted imidazolidines, ethylene glycol dialkyl ethers, ammonium salts, pyrrole, 2-methoxyethanol, or aluminum trichloride, for the purpose of improving the life characteristics of the battery, suppressing battery capacity decrease, and improving the discharge capacity of the battery.
- additives such as, for example, haloalkylene carbonate compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether
- a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module and the battery pack include the secondary battery having high capacity, high rate characteristics and cycle characteristics, and therefore can be used as a power source for medium and large-sized devices selected from the group consisting of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and power storage systems.
- silicon was synthesized by controlling the cooling rate as shown in Table 1 below, so that Si and/or unreacted silicon dioxide and residual carbon reacted to form silicon carbide within Si.
- An anode active material including 0.6 parts by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining 99.4 parts by weight of Si was obtained, based on 100 parts by weight of the anode active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative active material including 0.1 part by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining 99.9 parts by weight of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the negative active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative electrode active material including 0.2 parts by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining 99.8 parts by weight of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative active material including 0.4 parts by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining 99.6 parts by weight of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the negative active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative electrode active material including 0.8 parts by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining 99.2 parts by weight of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative active material including 1.0 part by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining 99.0 parts by weight of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the negative active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative electrode active material composed only of Si and not containing silicon carbide based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative active material including 0.05 parts by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining 99.95 parts by weight of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the negative active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative active material including 1.5 parts by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining approximately 98.5 parts by weight of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the negative active material.
- Example 1 Except that the cooling rate after the reduction reaction was tested differently as shown in Table 1 below, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a negative active material including 2.0 parts by weight of silicon carbide and the remaining 98.0 parts by weight of Si based on 100 parts by weight of the negative active material.
- composition of the negative active materials manufactured in the above examples and comparative examples is as shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 Based on 100 parts by weight of total negative active material Cooling rate (°C/min) Silicon carbide content (Weight parts based on 100 weight parts of negative active material) C content (weight) Example 1 0.6 0.18 35 Example 2 0.1 0.03 23 Example 3 0.2 0.06 26 Example 4 0.4 0.12 31 Example 5 0.8 0.24 42 Example 6 1 0.3 48 Comparative Example 1 0 0 15 Comparative Example 2 0.05 0.01 20 Comparative Example 3 1.5 0.45 57 Comparative Example 4 2 0.60 69
- a cathode/negative electrode and a battery were manufactured using the cathode/negative electrode active materials, respectively, using the following method.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding a negative electrode active material including the silicon-based active material of Table 1 above, a first conductive agent, a second conductive agent, and polyacrylamide as a binder in a weight ratio of 80:9.6:0.4:10 to distilled water as a solvent for forming a negative electrode slurry (solid content concentration 28 wt%).
- the first conductive material was plate-shaped graphite (specific surface area: 17 m 2 /g, average particle size (D 50 ): 3.5 ⁇ m), and the second conductive material was SWCNT.
- the first conductive agent, binder, and water were dispersed using a homogeneous mixer at 2500 rpm for 30 minutes, the second conductive agent was added and dispersed for 10 minutes, and then the silicon-based active material was added and dispersed at 2500 rpm for 30 minutes to produce a negative electrode slurry.
- the negative electrode slurry was coated on the cross-section of a copper current collector (thickness: 15 ⁇ m) at a loading amount of 227 mg/50 cm 2 , rolled, and dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 10 hours to form a negative electrode active material layer (thickness: 23 ⁇ m), which was used as a negative electrode (negative electrode thickness: 38 ⁇ m, negative electrode porosity 40.0%).
- LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (average particle size (D50): 15 ⁇ m) as a cathode active material, carbon black (product name: Super C65, manufacturer: Timcal) as a conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder were added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent for forming a cathode slurry at a weight ratio of 97:1.5:1.5 to prepare a cathode slurry (solid content concentration: 78 wt%).
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode slurry was coated on both sides of an aluminum current collector (thickness: 12 ⁇ m) as a positive electrode collector at a loading amount of 537 mg/25 cm 2 , rolled, and dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. for 10 hours to form a positive electrode active material layer (thickness: 65 ⁇ m), thereby manufacturing a positive electrode (positive electrode thickness: 77 ⁇ m, porosity 26%).
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by interposing a polyethylene separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the above examples and comparative examples and injecting an electrolyte.
- the above electrolyte was an organic solvent containing fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and diethyl carbonate (DMC) in a volume ratio of 10:90, vinylene carbonate added at 3 wt% based on the total weight of the electrolyte, and LiPF 6 as a lithium salt added at a concentration of 1 M.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- DMC diethyl carbonate
- the life maintenance rate and capacity of the secondary battery including the negative electrode manufactured as described above were evaluated using an electrochemical charge/discharge tester.
- the secondary battery was subjected to an in-situ cycle test at 4.2-3.0 V 1C/0.5C, and the life maintenance rate was measured by charging/discharging at 0.33C/0.33C every 50 cycles during the test.
- Life maintenance rate (%) ⁇ (discharge capacity at Nth cycle)/(discharge capacity at first cycle) ⁇ * 100
- Li metal/cathode cell was manufactured using the cathode manufactured as described above to measure capacity data. Then, the discharge capacity in the first cycle of the Li metal/cathode cell at 1.5 V-0.005 V, 0.1 C/0.1 C was shown.
- Examples 1 to 6 in which electrodes were manufactured with silicon-based active materials satisfying the silicon carbide content range according to the present invention, both the life maintenance rate and the capacity were excellent after 200 cycles.
- Examples 1 to 6 include silicon carbide in the range of the present invention, it can be seen that the electrode life maintenance rate and capacity were excellent by reducing the stress applied to the silicon-based active material during charge and discharge while minimizing capacity degradation, thereby suppressing changes in the electrode structure.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are electrodes in which the silicon carbide content is less than 0.1 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total negative active material, and thus the life maintenance rate was relatively low. This is understood to be a phenomenon that occurred because the particle breakage suppression effect by silicon carbide was reduced.
- the life maintenance rate was measured by charging/discharging at 0.33C/0.33C (4.2-3.0V) every 50 cycles during the test, and then the resistance was measured by discharging at 2.5C pulse at SOC50 to compare and analyze the resistance increase rate.
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Abstract
Description
| 음극 활물질 총 100 중량부 기준 | 냉각속도 (℃/min) |
||
| 실리콘 카바이드 함량 (음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 중량부) |
C 함량 (중량부) |
||
| 실시예 1 | 0.6 | 0.18 | 35 |
| 실시예 2 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 23 |
| 실시예 3 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 26 |
| 실시예 4 | 0.4 | 0.12 | 31 |
| 실시예 5 | 0.8 | 0.24 | 42 |
| 실시예 6 | 1 | 0.3 | 48 |
| 비교예 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| 비교예 2 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 20 |
| 비교예 3 | 1.5 | 0.45 | 57 |
| 비교예 4 | 2 | 0.60 | 69 |
| 실리콘 카바이드 함량 (음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 중량부) |
200 사이클 이후 수명 유지율 (%) | 용량 (mAh/g) | |
| 실시예 1 | 0.6 | 90 | 3462 |
| 실시예 2 | 0.1 | 87 | 3476 |
| 실시예 3 | 0.2 | 87 | 3471 |
| 실시예 4 | 0.4 | 88 | 3467 |
| 실시예 5 | 0.8 | 89 | 3456 |
| 실시예 6 | 1.0 | 87 | 3450 |
| 비교예 1 | 0 | 85 | 3488 |
| 비교예 2 | 0.05 | 84 | 3484 |
| 비교예 3 | 1.5 | 85 | 3436 |
| 비교예 4 | 2 | 85 | 3418 |
| 실리콘 카바이드 함량 (음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 중량부) |
200사이클 이후 저항 증가율(%) (3.0~4.2 V 범위 1C/0.5C) |
|
| 실시예 1 | 0.6 | 6 |
| 실시예 2 | 0.1 | 9 |
| 실시예 3 | 0.2 | 8 |
| 실시예 4 | 0.4 | 8 |
| 실시예 5 | 0.8 | 7 |
| 실시예 6 | 1.0 | 9 |
| 비교예 1 | 0 | 10 |
| 비교예 2 | 0.05 | 12 |
| 비교예 3 | 1.5 | 10 |
| 비교예 4 | 2 | 11 |
Claims (17)
- 실리콘계 입자; 및상기 실리콘계 입자 내에 분포된 실리콘 카바이드를 포함하는 음극 활물질로서,상기 실리콘 카바이드는 상기 음극 활물질 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.1 중량부 이상 1 중량부 이하로 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘 카바이드는 음극 활물질 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.2 중량부 이상 0.8 중량부 이하로 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 입자는 상기 음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 SiOx (x=0)를 90 중량부 이상 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 입자는 상기 음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 SiOx (0<x<2)를 10 중량부 이하로 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 탄소의 함량이 0.03 중량부 이상 0.3 중량부 이하인 것인 음극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 따른 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극.
- 청구항 6에 있어서, 상기 실리콘계 입자는 상기 음극 활물질 100 중량부를 기준으로 SiOx (x=0)를 90 중량부 이상 포함하는 것인 음극.
- 청구항 7에 있어서, 상기 음극은 음극 도전재; 및 음극 바인더를 더 포함하는 것인 음극.
- 청구항 6에 따른 음극을 포함하는 이차전지.
- 실리콘계 입자; 및상기 실리콘계 입자 내에 분포된 실리콘 카바이드를 포함하는 음극 활물질의 제조 방법으로서,상기 실리콘 카바이드는 상기 음극 활물질 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.1 중량부 이상 1 중량부 이하로 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 실리콘 카바이드는 음극 활물질 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 0.2 중량부 이상 0.8 중량부 이하로 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 입자는 상기 음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 SiOx (x=0)를 90 중량부 이상 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 실리콘계 입자는 상기 음극 활물질 100 중량부 기준 SiOx (0<x<2)를 10 중량부 이하로 포함하는 것인 음극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 10에 있어서,상기 음극 활물질 총 100 중량부를 기준으로 탄소의 함량이 0.03 중량부 이상 0.3 중량부 이하인 것인 음극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 이산화규소를 탄소와 반응시켜 실리콘으로 환원시키는 단계; 및상기 환원시키는 단계 이후 잔류 탄소를 이용하여 실리콘 카바이드를 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 음극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 15에 있어서,상기 실리콘 카바이드를 형성하는 단계는,기 설정된 냉각 속도에 따라 환원된 실리콘을 냉각하여 실리콘 카바이드를 형성하는 단계인 음극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 16에 있어서,상기 기 설정된 냉각 속도는 20~70℃/min인 음극 활물질의 제조 방법.
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| PCT/KR2024/001647 Ceased WO2024228449A1 (ko) | 2023-05-04 | 2024-02-05 | 음극 활물질, 음극, 이차전지 및 음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4560729A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2025527061A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN119585882A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024228449A1 (ko) |
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| KR20090011888A (ko) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Si/C 복합물, 이를 포함하는 음극활물질 및 리튬전지 |
| JP2013171627A (ja) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-09-02 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解質二次電池用負極材及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| KR20140087376A (ko) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-09 | 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20160045378A (ko) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-27 | 주식회사 케이씨씨 | 실리콘-실리콘 옥시카바이드 복합체, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 및 리튬이차전지 |
| KR20200065514A (ko) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 이차전지용 실리콘계 복합 음극활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극 |
| KR20210158025A (ko) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-30 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 리튬이온전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬이온전지용 음극 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 리튬이온전지 |
| KR20230058454A (ko) | 2021-01-08 | 2023-05-03 | 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 | 바이닐계 중합체, 경화성 조성물, 및 경화물 |
| KR20240016464A (ko) | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-06 | 배영섭 | 지문 인식 기능을 갖춘 스마트 도어락 |
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| US20170040598A1 (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-09 | Enevate Corporation | Surface modification of silicon particles for electrochemical storage |
| CN103107315B (zh) * | 2011-11-10 | 2016-03-30 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种纳米硅碳复合材料及其制备方法 |
| JP2017168406A (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-21 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池負極活物質、負極及び電池の製造方法 |
-
2024
- 2024-02-05 JP JP2025507657A patent/JP2025527061A/ja active Pending
- 2024-02-05 EP EP24800138.0A patent/EP4560729A4/en active Pending
- 2024-02-05 CN CN202480003642.9A patent/CN119585882A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-05 WO PCT/KR2024/001647 patent/WO2024228449A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| KR20090011888A (ko) * | 2007-07-27 | 2009-02-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Si/C 복합물, 이를 포함하는 음극활물질 및 리튬전지 |
| JP2013171627A (ja) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-09-02 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解質二次電池用負極材及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| KR20140087376A (ko) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-09 | 국립대학법인 울산과학기술대학교 산학협력단 | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20160045378A (ko) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-04-27 | 주식회사 케이씨씨 | 실리콘-실리콘 옥시카바이드 복합체, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 및 리튬이차전지 |
| KR20200065514A (ko) | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 이차전지용 실리콘계 복합 음극활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극 |
| KR20210158025A (ko) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-12-30 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 리튬이온전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 상기 음극 활물질을 포함하는 리튬이온전지용 음극 및 상기 음극을 포함하는 리튬이온전지 |
| KR20230058454A (ko) | 2021-01-08 | 2023-05-03 | 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 | 바이닐계 중합체, 경화성 조성물, 및 경화물 |
| KR20240016464A (ko) | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-06 | 배영섭 | 지문 인식 기능을 갖춘 스마트 도어락 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See also references of EP4560729A4 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4560729A1 (en) | 2025-05-28 |
| EP4560729A4 (en) | 2026-02-25 |
| JP2025527061A (ja) | 2025-08-18 |
| CN119585882A (zh) | 2025-03-07 |
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