WO2024237352A1 - Csma/ca pouvant être suspendue pour système ieee 802.15.4 pour réduire la suppression de paquets provoquée par une défaillance de réduction de puissance - Google Patents
Csma/ca pouvant être suspendue pour système ieee 802.15.4 pour réduire la suppression de paquets provoquée par une défaillance de réduction de puissance Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024237352A1 WO2024237352A1 PCT/JP2024/080058 JP2024080058W WO2024237352A1 WO 2024237352 A1 WO2024237352 A1 WO 2024237352A1 JP 2024080058 W JP2024080058 W JP 2024080058W WO 2024237352 A1 WO2024237352 A1 WO 2024237352A1
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- backoff
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
- H04L47/32—Flow control; Congestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/407—Bus networks with decentralised control
- H04L12/413—Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
- H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to channel access in wireless communication networks, and particularly to channel access of IEEE 802.15.4 systems.
- loT consumer Internet of Things
- IEEE 802.15.4 is a commonly referred wireless standard family developed for indoor and outdoor applications. IEEE 802.15.4 standards have been widely implemented in the commercial products such as Bluetooth and smart meter. IEEE 802.15,4 are designed to operate in Sub-1 GHz (SIG) band and 2.4 GHz band, e.g., IEEE 802.15.4g can operate in both Sub-1 GHz band and 2.4 GHz band.
- An IEEE 802.15.4 network may consist of hundreds to thousands of devices that compete for channel access and cause data loss due to backoff failure.
- IEEE 802.15.4 uses carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism for channel access. For each channel access attempt, IEEE 802.15.4 does not perform clear channel assessment (CCA) during backoff periods and only performs CCA after backoff process completes. This approach works well for light traffic networks, but it does not work well for heavy traffic networks, especially while coexisting with more aggressive interfering networks such as IEEE 802.11 networks. Therefore, new channel access mechanism needs to be provided for IEEE 802.15.4 systems.
- CSMA/CA carrier sense
- IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA mechanism is designed for low data rate and low power devices, whose energy saving Is critical. Accordingly, IEEE 802.5.4 CSMA/CA mechanism does not support backoff suspension and therefore, does not fit emerging devices without energy constraint well, e.g., electric smart meters.
- some embodiments of the invention provide suspendable CSMA/CA mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4 standards, wherein the CCA is performed within each of unit backoff period and the backoff process is suspended once the channel is detected to be busy.
- Some embodiments are based on the recognition that energy saving is critical for battery powered devices. However, for the devices such as electric smart meters connected to powerline, the energy is not constrained. These devices can actively perform CCA to increase their channel access opportunities and reduce probability of backoff failure.
- Some embodiments are based on the recognition that the maximum number of backoffs (macMaxCSMABackoffs) specified in IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA mechanism is designed to limit the. number of backoffs (NB). Once NB exceeds the threshold macMaxCSMABackoffs, the packet is discarded. As more and more devices contend for channel access, the NB can quickly reach the threshold macMaxCSMABackoffs. As a result, the IEEE 802.15.4 packet can be discarded.
- the suspendable CSMA/CA allows backoff suspension, which in turn slows down the increase of NB by suspending backoff process to avoid packet discard when the NB exceeds the macMaxCSMABackoffs.
- the CCA after backoff is only performed when channel is idle in last backoff period instead of performing CCA blindly after backoff.
- the blind CCA increases probability of backoff failure as illustrated in Figure 4.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of IEEE 82.15.4 network, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A depicts data transmission flow diagram and transmission status report to the upper layers, according to embodiments of the present invention
- Figure 2B is a schematic of a structure of an IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA device participating in forming the networks of Figure 1, according to embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows standard carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) algorithm specified in IEEE 802.15.4-2020, according to embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates that standard IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA algorithm can cause more backoff failure compared with suspendable IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA algorithm, according to embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 5 A shows flow chart of the enhanced carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4, according to embodiments of the present invention
- Figure 5B shows flow chart of the suspendable carrier sense multiple access, with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) method for IEEE 802.15.4, according to embodiments of the present invention
- FIG. 6 shows the structure of the unit backoff period specified in IEEE 802.15.4, according to embodiments of the present invention
- Figure 7 A shows an example of performing active CCA during entire unit backoff period, according to embodiments of the present invention
- Figure 7B shows an example of performing active CCA during a portion of unit backoff period, according to embodiments of the present invention
- Figure 8 illustrates an example of backoff suspension execution provided in suspendable CSMA/CA mechanism, according to embodiments of the present invention
- Figure 9 A shows the invented Format of the Frame Control field to indicate whether backoff suspension is allowed or not.
- Figure 9B shows the invented Capability Information field of the Association Request Command, according to embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 9C shows the invented Capability Information field of the Association Request Command, according to embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 9C shows the invented Capability Information field of the DSME Association Request Command, according to embodiments of the present invention.
- IEEE 802.15.4 standard family is a widely used wireless technologies for various indoor and outdoor applications, e.g., IEEE 802.15.4g is a standard in IEEE 802.15.4 standard family designed for outdoor wireless smart utility networks (Wi-SUN), where electric smart meters do not have energy constraint.
- Wi-SUN wireless smart utility networks
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic ofthe IEEE 802.15.4 network 100 that contains a Personal Area Network Coordinator (PANC) 101 and the associated nodes. PANC and nodes communicate using IEEE 802.15.4 wireless link 103.
- the topology of IEEE 802.15.4 network can be star, mesh or tree, e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 network 100 shown in Figure 1 is tree topology.
- an IEEE 802.15.4 network 100 can be an IEEE 802.15.4 based smart meter network configured as tree topology. It should be noted that the connections of the tree type configurations can be changed according to the states of communications.
- an IEEE 802.15.4 node can communicate with the PANC 101 by a multi-hop manner, e.g,, IEEE 802.15.4 Node 104 can communicate with the PANC 101 via intermediate IEEE 802.15.4 Node 102.
- FIG. 2A shows IEEE 802.15.4 data frame transmission procedure 200.
- IEEE 802.15.4 MAC sets 201 the number of retransmissions (NR) to 0 and then invokes 202 the CSMA/CA algorithm, where the standard IEEE 802.15.4-2020 CSMA/CA algorithm is depicted in Figure 3.
- IEEE 802.15.4 MAC increments 209 NR by 1 and checks if the NR exceeds the threshold macMaxFrameRetries 210. If yes, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC concludes the frame transmission failure and discards the frame 211. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC then responds to upper layers using Data Confirm interface with NO_ACK status. If the NR is smaller than or equal to the. threshold macMaxFrameRetries 210, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC goes for another transmission attempt.
- IEEE 802.15.4 MAC checks if the frame is unicast frame 208. If no, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC concludes the transmission failure and discards the frame 211, IEEE
- IEEE 802.15.4 MAC then responds to upper layers using Data Confirm interface with CHANNEK_ACCESS_FAILURE status. If the frame is unicast frame 208, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC increments 209 NR by 1 and then checks if the NR exceeds the threshold macMaxFrameRetries 210. If yes, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC concludes the transmission failure and discards the frame 211. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC then responds to upper layers using Data Confirm interface with CHANNEK_ACCESS_FAILURE status. If the NR is smaller than or equal to the threshold macMaxFrameRetries, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC goes for another transmission attempt.
- Figure 2B shows an example of a structure of an IEEE 802.15.4 device participating in forming the networks of Figure 1, in which an IEEE
- 802.15.4 device 230 may include a memory 236, a processor 237, a power source 240, a transceiver 238 including transmitter, receiver and energy detector and a RF antenna 239. Further, control programs are included in a storage 231 in connection with the memory 236, the processor 237 and the transceiver 238.
- the control programs 231 include a CSMA/CA mode control program 233, a standard CSMA/CA program 234, a suspendable CSMA/CA program 235, and a timer 232 that is used by the transceiver 238 to perform the CSMA/CA mode control program 233.
- the CSMA/CA mode control program 233 can either call standard IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA program 234 or suspendable CSMA/CA program 235.
- FIG. 3 shows standard CSMA/CA algorithm in the IEEE 802.15.4-2020.
- the embodiments of the present invention provide suspendable CSMA/CA for the non-slotted IEEE 802.15.4 network. Therefore, only nonslotted branch in Figure 3 is described below.
- the standard IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA algorithm initials the number of backoff (NB) to 0 and backoff exponent (BE) to the macMinBE.
- the CSMA/CA algorithm then delays random number of unit backoff periods with the random number drawn uniformly within interval [0, 2 BE -1], which is called backoff window or delay window, where BE starts with macMinBE and increases until to the macMaxBE.
- CSMA/CA algorithm performs the random delay first no matter how long channel has been idle. Using this “Backoff + CCA” based CSMA/CA mechanism, the CCA is performed blindly and therefore, it decreases channel access probability as illustrated in Figure 4.
- data frame transmission failure is incurred by a) CSMA/CA failure or b) transmission failure.
- the CSMA/CA failure occurs when CSMA/CA algorithm terminates with a failure status because the NB exceeds the threshold macMaxCSMABackoffs as shown in Figure 2A.
- Transmission failure occurs because of unsuccessful frame transmission or unsuccessful acknowledgement transmission or later acknowledgement receiving.
- NR retransmissions
- An IEEE 802.15.4 frame is discarded with CHANNEL_ACCESS_FAILURE status when the NR exceeds the threshold macMaxFrameRetries due to CSMA/CA failure.
- An IEEE 802.15.4 frame is discarded with NO ACK status when the NR exceeds the threshold macMaxFrameRetries due to transmission failure.
- Other transmissions can cause CSMA/C A backoff failure as shown in Figure 4, which can in turn cause packet discard of IEEE 802.15.4 devices.
- FIG 4 shows an example of standard IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA backoff failure caused by other transmission.
- the suspendable CSMA/CA program 235 avoids the backoff failure by suspending the backoff process.
- both suspendable IEEE 802.15.4 backoff device 401 and standard IEEE 802.15.4 backoff device 402 receive data transmission request at time T2 and therefore, start backoff at time T2. They also draw the same number of the unit backoff periods and therefore, need to backoff for the same amount of time.
- other device 403 receives data transmission request and starts backoff.
- other device 403 finishes backoff and starts CCA operation.
- other device 403 completes CCA and detects idle channel, and therefore, starts data transmission.
- Suspendable IEEE 802.15.4 backoff device 401 performs active CCA within each of unit backoff periods and detects transmission of other device 403, and therefore, suspends its backoff process.
- standard IEEE 802.15.4 backoff device 402 does not suspend its backoff and completes backoff at time T5, and therefore, performs CCA at time T5.
- other device 403 is still transmitting.
- standard IEEE 802.15.4 backoff device 402 detects busy channel and returns backoff failure at time T7.
- suspendable IEEE 802.15.4 backoff device 401 detects the end of other device transmission at time T6 and resumes remaining backoff.
- the suspendable IEEE 802.15.4 backoff device 401 completes backoff and starts CCA, which ends at time T9 and reports idle channel. Accordingly, the suspendable IEEE 802.15.4 backoff device 401 successfully transmits its data at time T9 without backoff failure.
- CSMA/CA mechanism can cause more packet discard compared with suspendable IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA/CA mechanism.
- Some embodiments of the invention provide the suspendable CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 to address CSMA/CA failure packet discard caused by other transmissions.
- a Suspendable CSMA/CA field is defined.
- the Suspendable CSMA/CA held 1 indicating backoff suspension is allowed.
- IEEE 802.15.4 devices may suspend backoff in CSMA/CA algorithm.. If IEEE 802.15.4 devices intend to perform backoff suspention, they invoke Suspendable CSMA-CA algorithm 504.
- the Suspendable CSMA/CA field 0 indicating backoff suspension is not permitted. In this case, IEEE 802.15.4 devices cannot perform backoff suspension in CSMA/CA algorithm.
- the backoff suspension permission can be determined by region regulator or network manager or application developer or combination of them, e.g., in the United States, more spectrum is allocated to IEEE 802.15.4 communications and therefore, backoff suspension is not needed, and in Japan, less spectrum is allocated to IEEE 802.15.4 communications and therefore, backoff suspension is needed.
- Figure 5A shows the flow chart of the invented CSMA/CA 500 for IEEE 802.15.4 with backoff suspension support.
- the invented CSMA/CA allows IEEE 802.15.4 devices to perform backoff suspension to avoid channel access failure packet discard.
- FIG. 5B shows the Suspendable CSMA/CA 504.
- the Suspendable SMA/CA algorithm then performs 507 active CCA within each unit backoff period as shown in Figure 5B. If channel is busy 508, the Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm waits 514 until to next unit backoff period and performs 507 active CCA again. In this case, NUBP is not decreased, in other words, backoff is suspended because all backoff parameters including NB are not updated.
- the Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm decreases 509 NUBP by 1. If the NUBP 510 is not 0, then backoff has not completed. Therefore, the Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm waits 514 until to next unit backoff period and performs 507 active CCA again. Otherwise, if NUBP 510 is 0, then backoff has been completed. Then Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm performs 511 standard CCA. If channel is idle 512, backoff successes 513. Otherwise, if channel is busy 512, Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm increases 515 NB by 1. If NB exceeds 516 the predefined threshold macMaxCSMABackoffs, backoff fails 517. Otherwise, Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm performs another round of backoff.
- Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm performs CCA in each unit backoff period, standard CSMA/CA algorithm, does not perform CCA during entire backoff process.
- Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm performs CCA 511 only if channel in the last unit backoff period is detected to be idle. On the other hand, standard CSMA/CA algorithm performs CCA 511 no matter channel in the last unit backoff period is busy or idle.
- Suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm increases NB only if other transmission starts within CCA period where CCA 511 is being performed.
- standard CSMA/CA algorithm increases NB no matter other transmission starts before CCA period or within CCA period where CCA 511 is being performed. Accordingly, standard CSMA/CA algorithm has greater probability to increase NB, which in turn causes more chance of backoff failure.
- suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm has capability to avoid packet discard caused by interference from non-IEEE 802.15.4 devices such as IEEE 802.11 devices.
- suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm can reduce chance of backoff failure.
- a unit backoff period is longer than a CCA period.
- Figure 6 shows the structure of the unit backoff period, which includes aTumaroundTime plus a CCA period.
- the CCA period equals to aCcaTime for all PHYs except SUN PHYs operating in the 920 MHz band and equals to phyCcaDuration for SUN PHYs operating in the 920 MHz band.
- CSMA/CA algorithm has multiple choices. It can perform CCA during entire unit backoff period or during a portion of unit backoff period.
- Figure 7 A shows an example, in which CSMA/CA algorithm performs active CCA during entire unit backoff period.
- Figure 7B shows an example, in which CSMA/CA algorithm performs active CCA within a CCA period, i.e., a portion of unit backoff period.
- Figure 8 shows an example of suspendable CSMA/CA algorithm execution, in which there is an IEEE 802.15.4 device 801 and other device 802, where other device 802 can be an IEEE 802.15.4 device or non-IEEE 802.15.4 device such as IEEE 802.11 device.
- other device receives a data request and therefore, device 802 starts first backoff.
- IEEE 802.15.4 device 801 receives a data request and therefore, it also starts first backoff.
- other device 802 completes first backoff and starts CCA operation.
- other device 802 finishes CCA and detects channel to be idle. Therefore, Other device 802 starts transmission.
- IEEE 802.15.4 device 801 detects transmission by other device 802 and therefore, suspends its first backoff and performs data reception if other device 802 is an IEEE 802.15.4 device.
- other device 802 finishes transmission and channel becomes idle. Therefore, IEEE 802.15.4 device 801 resumes its first backoff.
- IEEE 802.15.4 device completes its first backoff and starts CCA operation.
- IEEE 802.15.4 device 801 finishes CCA and channel is idle. Therefore, it starts data transmission.
- other device 802 starts data reception if other device 802 is an IEEE 802.15.4 device.
- IEEE 802.15.4 device 801 finishes data transmission,
- the Personal Area Network Coordinator i.e., network manager
- devices can realize the Suspendable CSMA-CA algorithm 504 via invented Frame Control field of the Association Response Command shown in Figure 9A and Capability Information field of the Association Request Command shown in Figure 9B and Figure 9C, where Figure 9B depicts the Capability Information field of the Association Request Command and Figure 9C shows Capability Information field of the DSME Association Request Command with DSME standing for Deterministic and Synchronous Multichannel Extension.
- devices set Suspendable CSMA/CA bit (bit 5) to 1 in the Capability Information field of the Association Request Command or the DSME Association Request Command to indicate their intentions to perform backoff Suspension.
- the PANC sets Suspendable CSMA/CA bit (bit 7) to 1 in the Frame Control field of the Association Response Command to indicate backoff suspension is permitted or sets Suspendable CSMA/CA bit (bit 7) to 0 in the Frame Control field of the Association Response Command to indicate backoff suspension is not permitted.
- the PANC can determine backoff suspension permission based on region regulator or application requirement or network performance or number of devices intend to perform backoff suspension or combination thereof.
- the above-described embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in any of numerous ways.
- the embodiments may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof.
- the software code can be executed on any suitable processor or collection of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among multiple computers.
- processors may be implemented as integrated circuits, with one or more processors in an integrated circuit component.
- a processor may be implemented using circuitry in any suitable format.
- embodiments of the invention may be embodied as a method, of which an example has been provided.
- the acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.
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Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24728704.8A EP4691145A1 (fr) | 2023-05-12 | 2024-04-25 | Csma/ca pouvant être suspendue pour système ieee 802.15.4 pour réduire la suppression de paquets provoquée par une défaillance de réduction de puissance |
| JP2025538847A JP7822524B2 (ja) | 2023-05-12 | 2024-04-25 | バックオフ失敗によって引起こされるパケット廃棄を低減するieee802.15.4システム用のサスペンド可能なcsma/ca |
| CN202480030894.0A CN121080107A (zh) | 2023-05-12 | 2024-04-25 | 用于ieee 802.15.4系统以减少由退避失败引起的分组丢弃的可挂起csma/ca |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US202363465936P | 2023-05-12 | 2023-05-12 | |
| US63/465,936 | 2023-05-12 | ||
| US18/474,291 US12289763B2 (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2023-09-26 | Suspendable CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 system to reduce packet discard caused by backoff failure |
| US18/474,291 | 2023-09-26 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2024237352A1 true WO2024237352A1 (fr) | 2024-11-21 |
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| PCT/JP2024/080058 Ceased WO2024237352A1 (fr) | 2023-05-12 | 2024-04-25 | Csma/ca pouvant être suspendue pour système ieee 802.15.4 pour réduire la suppression de paquets provoquée par une défaillance de réduction de puissance |
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| WO (1) | WO2024237352A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023026818A1 (fr) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Système et procédé pour csma/ca basé sur une détection de porteuse active pour système ieee 802.15.4 pour éviter un rejet de paquet provoqué par une interférence |
| US20230067933A1 (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | System and Method for Active Carrier Sense Based CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 System to Avoid Packet Discard Caused by Interference |
-
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- 2024-04-25 WO PCT/JP2024/080058 patent/WO2024237352A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023026818A1 (fr) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Système et procédé pour csma/ca basé sur une détection de porteuse active pour système ieee 802.15.4 pour éviter un rejet de paquet provoqué par une interférence |
| US20230067933A1 (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-03-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | System and Method for Active Carrier Sense Based CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 System to Avoid Packet Discard Caused by Interference |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| NAGAI YUKIMASA ET AL: "Sub-1 GHz Frequency Band Wireless Coexistence for the Internet of Things", IEEE ACCESS, IEEE, USA, vol. 9, 24 August 2021 (2021-08-24), pages 119648 - 119665, XP011876547, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3107144 * |
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