WO2024250005A1 - Ensemble membrane-électrode à conducteur intégré - Google Patents

Ensemble membrane-électrode à conducteur intégré Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024250005A1
WO2024250005A1 PCT/US2024/032261 US2024032261W WO2024250005A1 WO 2024250005 A1 WO2024250005 A1 WO 2024250005A1 US 2024032261 W US2024032261 W US 2024032261W WO 2024250005 A1 WO2024250005 A1 WO 2024250005A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor
electrode assembly
membrane electrode
integrated membrane
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2024/032261
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bahar BAMDAD
Banjeree IPSHITA
Szumilak AAROM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
USA Fortescue IP Inc
Original Assignee
USA Fortescue IP Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by USA Fortescue IP Inc filed Critical USA Fortescue IP Inc
Publication of WO2024250005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024250005A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024—Woven fabric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B5/14—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form comprising conductive layers or films on insulating-supports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to conductor integrated membrane electrode assemblies, wherein the conductor is coupled with and in contact with the electrode and forms a permeable network to enable flow of liquid and gases therethrough.
  • Electrons from the reactions on the electrode have to pass through the electrode to the gas diffusion media and current collector in traditional membrane electrode assemblies.
  • the electrodes are typically not very electrically conductive as the comprise carbon or some other electrically conductive carrier with a catalyst coated thereon or mixed therewith.
  • the present invention is directed to a conductor integrated membrane electrode assembly, wherein the conductor is coupled with and in contact with the electrode and forms a permeable network to enable flow of liquid and gases therethrough.
  • the conductor integrated with the electrode or between the electrode and membrane greatly improves performance of membrane electrode assemblies as the electrons more freely are available or drawn away from the electrode to accelerate reaction rates.
  • the conductor may be coupled to an ion conducting membrane to form a composite membrane conductor.
  • the conductor may be pre-formed and attached onto the membrane, or may be formed on the membrane or electrode by printing or vapor deposition. An electrode may then be bonded to the composite membrane conductor to form a conductor integrated membrane electrode assembly.
  • the conductor may be configured between the ion conducting membrane and the electrode and may be partially embedded into the ion conducting membrane and/or the electrode.
  • the conductor has open area and the ion conducting polymer and/or electrode may extend into this open area and contact the strands within the open area.
  • a conductor may be coupled to an electrode on a catalyst decal sheet to form a composite catalyst conductor.
  • the composite catalyst conductor may then be bonded to the ion conducting membrane to form the conductor integrated membrane electrode assembly.
  • a conductor may be electrically coupled to the electrode and/or membrane which means that electrons produced by the electrode can flow to the conductor into the conductor.
  • a composite catalyst conductor may be coupled to an electrode that is already coupled to the ion conducting membrane to form an embedded conductor, with the conductor configured between a first layer or portion of the electrode and a second portion or layer of the electrode to form the half cell membrane electrode assembly.
  • a first portion or layer of an electrode on a first side of the embedded conductor may be different from a second portion or layer of electrode on a second side of said embedded conductor.
  • the catalyst concentration, aerial mass may be substantially different, wherein the aerial mass (g/m 2 ) is at least 10% or 20% different, or the catalyst type may be different, or the concentration of ion conducting polymer by aerial mass may be substantially different, wherein the aerial mass (g/m 2 ) is at least 10% or 20% different.
  • the conductor embedded in the electrode may provide improved performance with reduced electrical resistance.
  • An integrated conductor membrane electrode assembly may be configured with a conductor integrated with the electrode on one or on both the anode and cathode.
  • the conductor has open area to allow liquid and gases to pass therethrough and to allow the ion conducting membrane and/or electrode to advance into the open area to increase performance due to better charge transfer to the conductor.
  • the open area percentage of the conductor may be 20% or more, 40% or more, 60% or more, 80% or more or even 90% or more.
  • the conductor incorporates strands that are highly electrically conductive, such as metal wires, the open area may be larger.
  • the conductor is made of a deposited material onto the ion conducting membrane and/or electrode, the electrical conductivity may not be as high as a wire grid, such as a metal screen and therefor the percent open area may be less.
  • a deposited conducted may be vapor deposited metal, or a printed material, such as from an ink or paste.
  • a conductor may be separate free-standing material, such as a metal screen made of strands of metal that intersect or an apertured metal layer or foil, wherein the conductor has a consistent thickness with apertures therethrough.
  • a conductor may be a screen of metal having strands of metal wire that extend across the membrane electrode assembly and may intersect each other to form a grid or other suitable pattern.
  • the screen may be a wire cloth, or a material having strands of metal wire, or may be pressed or otherwise process to engage the individual strands together.
  • the strands of a metal wire conductor may be circular in cross-section or may be polygonal in cross-section, such as rectangular.
  • a woven wire screen or wire cloth may have large variations in thickness, wherein the overlap areas of the wire forms high pressure zone when the membrane electrode assembly is assembles. Therefore, a conductor with a more consistent thickness may be preferred, and therefore polygonal shaped strands may be preferred.
  • a sheet of metal foil with apertures may provide the most uniform thickness for the purpose of preventing damage due to variations in thickness.
  • the conductor has open area 31 that enables the transport of liquids and gasses through the conductor. As described herein the open area of the conductor may be about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 50% or more, about 75% or less and any range between and including the values provided.
  • An exemplary conductor may be metal and is preferably a metal that is highly electrically conductive, such a gold, silver, copper, aluminum, zinc, nickel, metal alloys and the like.
  • a vapor deposited conductor may use a precious metal such as gold or silver as very little is required in a very thin printed conductor layer.
  • An exemplary conductor may have conductor strands coupled by conductor nodes, enlarged areas of conductor material, that shorten the length of the strands, which may have less electrical conductivity.
  • the nodes may be much larger in dimension than the cross-length dimension of a strand, such as about 50% larger or more, about 75% larger or more, about 100% larger or more, about 150% larger or more, about 200% larger or more, about 500% larger or more, and any range between and including the percentages provide.
  • An ion conducting polymer or ion conducting membrane as described herein may be an anion conducting polymer or membrane or cation conducting polymer or membrane.
  • Figure 1 shows a side view of a conductor being coupled to an ion conducting membrane to form a composite membrane conductor.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of the composite membrane conductor shown in FIG. 1 being coupled to an electrode to form a half cell membrane electrode assembly.
  • Figure 3 shows the half cell membrane electrode assembly formed in FIG. 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of a conductor being coupled to an electrode on a catalyst decal sheet.
  • Figure 5 shows a side view of the composite catalyst conductor formed in FIG. 4 being coupled to an ion conducting membrane to form a half cell membrane electrode assembly.
  • Figure 6 shows the half cell membrane electrode assembly formed in FIG. 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a side view of a composite catalyst conductor as shown in FIG. 5 being coupled to an electrode already coupled to the ion conducting membrane to form an embedded conductor with the electrode of the half cell membrane electrode assembly.
  • Figure 8 shows a side view of the half cell membrane electrode assembly formed in FIG. 7 having an embedded conductor.
  • Figure 9 shows an integrated conductor membrane electrode assembly with a conductor integrated with the electrode on both the anode and cathode.
  • Figure 10 shows a top view of a conductor having conductor strands that extend in a grid pattern.
  • Figure 11 shows a top view of an exemplary conductor having conductor strands coupled by conductor nodes, enlarged areas of conductor material that shorten the length of the strands, which may have less electrical conductivity.
  • Figure 12 shows a side view of an exemplary conductor comprising strands that are woven, one over another.
  • Figure 13 shows a side view of an exemplary conductor comprising strands that are wire configured orthogonal to each other.
  • Figure 14 shows a side view of an exemplary tape stand having a polygonal cross-sectional shape with a uniform thickness across the width.
  • Figure 15 shows a top view of an exemplary conductor that is a metal foil with apertures therethrough to create open areas through the metal foil.
  • Figure 16 is a side view of a metal foil conductor having apertures therethrough to produce open area in the metal foil.
  • the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
  • a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
  • use of “a” or “an” are employed to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be read to include one or at least one and the singular also includes the plural unless it is obvious that it is meant otherwise.
  • a conductor 30 is coupled to an ion conducting membrane 50 to form a composite membrane conductor 53.
  • the conductor 30 may be pre-formed and attached onto the membrane, or as described herein, the conductor may be formed on the membrane or electrode by printing or vapor deposition.
  • an electrode 60 is bonded to the composite membrane conductor 53 to form the conductor integrated membrane electrode assembly 10, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the conductor has an inside surface 305 that is coupled to the ion conducting membrane 50 and an outside surface 306 that is configured to couple with the electrode, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a conductor may be an electrode integrated conductor and be integrated into the electrode wherein a portion of the electrode is on the inside surface 305 and the outside surface 306 and may be configured in the in the open area 31 of the conductor, such as in apertures 37 through the conductor.
  • a conductor may be a membrane integrated conductor wherein a portion of said ion conducting membrane extends into the apertures of the conductor.
  • a conductor may be a printed conductor 34 that is printed onto the electrode and/or the membrane and may be printed in a pattern of conductive traces that are interconnected by conductor nodes, the intersection of conductor strands.
  • a conductor strand may be an elongated conductor trace having a length that is at least three times a width of the trace.
  • a printed conductor may be a vapor deposited metal, or a printed material, such as from an ink or paste.
  • a printed conductor, or a foil conductor may be very thin, having a thickness of about 25 ⁇ m or less, about 20 ⁇ m or less, about 15 ⁇ m or less, about 10 ⁇ m or less, about 5 ⁇ m or less, about 3 ⁇ m or less, about 2 ⁇ m or less and any range between and including the thickness values provided, such as from about 2 ⁇ m to about 5 ⁇ m.
  • a conductor 30 is coupled to an electrode 60 on a catalyst decal sheet 66 to form a composite catalyst conductor 63 shown in FIG. 5.
  • the composite catalyst conductor 63 is then bonded to the ion conducting membrane 50 in FIG. 5 to form the conductor integrated membrane electrode assembly 10, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the electrode includes a catalyst 62, which may be platinum and the like.
  • a composite catalyst conductor 63 as shown in FIG. 5, is being coupled to an electrode 60’ already coupled to the ion conducting membrane 50 to form an embedded conductor 33 with the conductor 30 configured between electrode 60 and electrode 60' to form the half cell membrane electrode assembly shown in FIG. 8.
  • the conductor integrated membrane electrode assembly 10, as shown in FIG. 8 has the conductor 30 embedded in the electrode which may provide improved performance with reduced electrical resistance.
  • an integrated conductor membrane electrode assembly 10 is configured with a conductor 30, 30’ integrated with the electrode 60, 60’ respectively, on both the anode 20 and cathode 26
  • an exemplary conductor 30 has conductor strands 38 that extend in a grid pattern.
  • the conductor has open area 31 that enables the transport of liquids and gasses through the conductor.
  • the open area of the conductor may be about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 50% or more, about 75% or less and any range between and including the values provided.
  • an exemplary conductor 30 has conductor strands 38 coupled by conductor nodes 36, enlarged areas of conductor material, that shorten the length of the strands, which may have less electrical conductivity.
  • the nodes may be much larger in dimension than the cross-length dimension of a strand.
  • a conductor 30 may be a free-standing conductor that is coupled with the ion conducting membrane and/or the electrode and may comprise strands that are coupled together to produce a screen 32 or cloth.
  • the woven strands of the woven conductor include a first strand extending over a second strand 40 and under a third strand 40’.
  • the strands may be circular in cross-section as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, having a stand diameter 41, and may be woven, as shown in FIG. 12, with a first set of strands 40 extending over and under a second set of strands 40’.
  • a strand diameter or cross-length dimension, or width of a strand may be about 1 mm or less, about 1mm or more, about 2mm or more, about 3mm or more about 4mm or more, about 5mm or more about 8mm or more and any range between and including the values provided.
  • a small diameter may be preferred to keep the composite thin.
  • the circular cross-sectional shaped strands 40, 40’ are configured in a grid with a first set extending over a second set of strands.
  • a strand may be polygonal in shape, such as rectangular and be a tape strand having a thickness 45 that is uniform across the width.
  • the thickness 35 of the conductor may be about 0.25mm or more, about 0.5mm or more, 1mm or less, about 1mm or more, about 2mm or more, about 3mm or more about 4mm or more, about 5mm or more and any range between and including the values provided.
  • a wider and thicker conductor or conductor strand will have lower resistance to a flow of current therethrough which may prevent heating from the electrical resistance.
  • a tape strand may be preferred as it may provide better contact with the ion conducting membrane and/or electrode for electrical contact and reduce resistance.
  • a circular crosssectional strand when woven or layered as show in FIGS. 12 and 13 may provide pressure points in the membrane electrode assembly that may be undesirable for durability. As shown in FIGS.
  • a conductor 30 may be a metal foil 44 having a substantially uniform thickness 35 across the width, or within about 10% of uniform, and may have apertures 42 forming open area in the conductor.
  • Figure 15 shows the “open area” of the of the conductor, or surface area of conductor that is open as determined by orthogonal “line of sight” through the plane of the conductor.
  • a preferred conductor may be very thin and may be a foil or thin sheet of material to enable good contact with the electrode and high in-plane conductivity. A foil, or thin planar sheet of material, or printed conductor with apertures therethrough may be preferred for this reason.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un ensemble membrane-électrode à conducteur intégré comprenant un conducteur couplé et en contact avec l'électrode et formant un réseau perméable pour permettre l'écoulement de liquides et de gaz à travers celui-ci afin d'améliorer les performances, les électrons étant plus librement disponibles pour accélérer les vitesses de réaction. Le conducteur peut être couplé à une membrane conductrice d'ions pour former une membrane conductrice composite ou peut être préformé et fixé sur la membrane, ou peut être formé sur la membrane ou l'électrode par impression ou dépôt en phase vapeur. Le conducteur peut être configuré entre la membrane conductrice d'ions et l'électrode et peut être partiellement intégré dans la membrane conductrice d'ions et/ou l'électrode. Le conducteur peut être un écran qui est un matériau autoporteur, ou peut être imprimé ou autrement déposé sur l'électrode et/ou sur la membrane conductrice d'ions.
PCT/US2024/032261 2023-06-02 2024-06-03 Ensemble membrane-électrode à conducteur intégré Ceased WO2024250005A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202363470725P 2023-06-02 2023-06-02
US63/470,725 2023-06-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024250005A1 true WO2024250005A1 (fr) 2024-12-05

Family

ID=93658690

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2024/032261 Ceased WO2024250005A1 (fr) 2023-06-02 2024-06-03 Ensemble membrane-électrode à conducteur intégré

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2024250005A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080014501A1 (en) * 1999-11-23 2008-01-17 Skotheim Terje A Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
WO2012026999A1 (fr) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Battelle Memorial Institute Dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrochimique possédant un agent conducteur interfacial métallique sur l'interface entre l'électrode et l'électrolyte
CN113409991A (zh) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-17 江苏纳美达光电科技有限公司 高性能柔性复合导电膜及其制备方法和应用
CN113933358A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-01-14 南京农业大学 一种全固态钾离子选择性电极及其制备方法
CN110534794B (zh) * 2018-05-25 2023-05-16 大众汽车有限公司 锂离子单体电池及其制造方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080014501A1 (en) * 1999-11-23 2008-01-17 Skotheim Terje A Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells
WO2012026999A1 (fr) * 2010-08-24 2012-03-01 Battelle Memorial Institute Dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrochimique possédant un agent conducteur interfacial métallique sur l'interface entre l'électrode et l'électrolyte
CN110534794B (zh) * 2018-05-25 2023-05-16 大众汽车有限公司 锂离子单体电池及其制造方法
CN113409991A (zh) * 2021-06-18 2021-09-17 江苏纳美达光电科技有限公司 高性能柔性复合导电膜及其制备方法和应用
CN113933358A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-01-14 南京农业大学 一种全固态钾离子选择性电极及其制备方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5474336B2 (ja) カレント・コレクタによって直列に接続された複数の個別セルを含む燃料セル
EP0026994B1 (fr) Electrodes électrocatalytiques à diffusion gazeuse à base de tissu de carbone, assemblage et cellules électrochimiques comprenant de telles électrodes
US20020068213A1 (en) Multiple layer electrode for improved performance
JP2008204876A (ja) 燃料電池用セパレータ、燃料電池用セパレータの製造方法及び燃料電池
JP2017035688A (ja) 触媒
JP2007528104A5 (fr)
CN112838232A (zh) 一种全通孔金属纤维烧结体燃料电池双极板及燃料电池堆
JPH11162478A (ja) 燃料電池用セパレータ
JP2024544360A5 (fr)
US7601454B2 (en) Polymer electrolyte fuel cell
WO2024250005A1 (fr) Ensemble membrane-électrode à conducteur intégré
US8940457B2 (en) Flexible graphite/metal distribution plate for a fuel cell assembly
CN112838234B (zh) 金属纤维流场和金属纤维气体扩散层一体化烧结的双极板
JP4214674B2 (ja) 燃料電池用セパレータ
JP2009245660A (ja) 固体酸化物形燃料電池及びその製造方法
JP2022131192A (ja) 電気化学式ガスセンサおよび電気化学式ガスセンサの製造方法
JP2009245663A (ja) 固体酸化物形燃料電池及びその製造方法
US8309271B2 (en) Tubular fuel cell and fuel cell module
JP2749861B2 (ja) ガス拡散電極
JP2010092699A (ja) 燃料電池
US20160336606A1 (en) Fuel cells and methods with reduced complexity
KR102906941B1 (ko) 애노드 지지기판 및 이의 제작방법
US20230243043A1 (en) Water electrolysis cell and manufacturing method of the same
JP5217572B2 (ja) 固体酸化物形燃料電池及びその製造方法
US10505202B1 (en) Process for making catalyst and gas diffusion hybrid electrode member(s) for fuel cell

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24816663

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE