WO2024251325A1 - Processus de production de pigments à effet - Google Patents

Processus de production de pigments à effet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024251325A1
WO2024251325A1 PCT/DE2024/100466 DE2024100466W WO2024251325A1 WO 2024251325 A1 WO2024251325 A1 WO 2024251325A1 DE 2024100466 W DE2024100466 W DE 2024100466W WO 2024251325 A1 WO2024251325 A1 WO 2024251325A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
film
acceptor
adhesive layer
relief structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2024/100466
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Rauch
Markus NICKISCH
Winfried HOFFMÜLLER
Patrick Renner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Priority to CN202480027298.7A priority Critical patent/CN121057787A/zh
Priority to DE112024002433.5T priority patent/DE112024002433A5/de
Priority to EP24733519.3A priority patent/EP4724534A1/fr
Publication of WO2024251325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024251325A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/10—Applying flat materials, e.g. leaflets, pieces of fabrics
    • B44C1/14—Metallic leaves or foils, e.g. gold leaf
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
    • C09C2200/1054—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of a metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for producing effect pigments on a film carrier.
  • effect pigments that allow the authenticity of the data carrier to be verified and at the same time increase the security against forgery.
  • Effect pigments can, for example, be integrated into the substrate of the valuable document or applied to the substrate, for example in the form of an ink.
  • Processes for producing effect pigments on a film carrier are known.
  • This layer is provided with a reflective layer desired for the effect pigments, and the film carrier is then brought into contact with the solvent. With mechanical support - by brushing and/or winding over an edge - the reflective layer is washed off and broken in the process.
  • Such a process for producing pigments leads to irregularly shaped pigments that have a size distribution.
  • soluble or swellable embossing lacquers For the production of effect pigments of defined size, it is known to use soluble or swellable embossing lacquers. In this case, areas are defined by means of embossing, which correspond to the effect pigments after subsequent vapor deposition. These soluble or swellable embossing lacquers show poor removal behavior of the effect pigments, so that they are easily damaged when removed. The process window for these embossing lacquers is very small. In addition, if the pigments are completely removed, coated intermediate areas that do not correspond to the desired geometries are also removed. When the effect pigments are further processed into an effect pigment ink, this then has a lower purity.
  • embossing lacquers are known that only show limited metal adhesion after vapor deposition.
  • a bonding agent layer is applied to these before vapor deposition with the reflective layer in order to achieve sufficient adhesion.
  • the bonding agent layer between the reflective layer and embossing lacquer makes it difficult to remove the effect pigments and results in the contours of the effect pigments being less clearly defined.
  • effect pigments In the known processes for producing effect pigments, these are produced in irregular shapes and sizes. If a printing ink is to be produced in the further process, a fine proportion of effect pigments leads to a reduced brilliance of the print and a coarse proportion of effect pigments leads to disruptions in the printing process. If effect pigments are to be encapsulated, the mobility of the effect pigment is limited by the size distribution of the respective effect pigment in relation to the capsule.
  • a method for producing effect pigments in several variants is provided. What the variants have in common is that a reflective layer is applied and from this pieces are formed which later represent the effect pigments.
  • a layer composite is produced from a donor film and an acceptor film and then separated again, with the pieces adhering to an adhesive layer of the acceptor film after separation. Furthermore, a surface of the donor film is pretreated to reduce adhesion before the reflective layer is applied and the pieces are not detached from the acceptor film exclusively by mechanical action.
  • a donor film is provided in a first step.
  • the donor film is preferably a plastic film, such as a PET film.
  • a relief structure is arranged on a front or a back of the donor film.
  • the relief structure is preferably formed in an embossing lacquer layer. It is possible to use embossing lacquers that have limited metal adhesion.
  • the embossing lacquer layer can be a radiation-crosslinkable lacquer layer, particularly preferably a UV-crosslinkable layer.
  • It typically consists of a mixture of prepolymers, reactive diluents, such as acrylic acid esters, photoinitiators, preferably alpha-hydroxy ketones and phosphine oxides such as Omnirad 819, a bis-acyl phosphine oxide (BAPO), synergists such as amine synergists, and additives.
  • reactive diluents such as acrylic acid esters, photoinitiators, preferably alpha-hydroxy ketones and phosphine oxides such as Omnirad 819, a bis-acyl phosphine oxide (BAPO), synergists such as amine synergists, and additives.
  • Higher molecular weight reactive diluents can also be used as prepolymers.
  • An example of this are multiply ethoxylated compounds, e.g. TMP(EO)xTA, where x is typically between 3 and 15.
  • the relief structure can also be produced by deposition and subsequent lasering or etch
  • the relief structure has plateau surfaces, sunken areas and flanks in between. It determines the desired pigment geometry, namely through its design.
  • the pigment geometry is determined by the shape of the plateau surfaces of the relief structure.
  • the shape of the plateau surfaces determines a later outer contour of the effect pigments.
  • An inner contour of the effect pigments can also be specified by the plateau surfaces having one or more holes through a sunken area within the plateau surfaces, which determine an opening/openings in the later effect pigment.
  • Each The opening can be designed as a regular polygon, circle, oval, irregular polygon, symbol or text - the same designs are of course also possible for the outer contour. If the plateau surfaces form a hexagon, for example, the later effect pigments in the outer contour will also be hexagons. If these hexagons also have a lowered circular area in their center as an inner contour, the later effect pigments will have a circular recess in the center.
  • plateau surfaces By deliberately designing the plateau surfaces differently, differently designed effect pigments can be produced in a single operation; these are referred to as bimodal or trimodal pigments.
  • the plateau surfaces it is possible for the plateau surfaces to differ in their outer contour, or for their outer contour to be identical but their inner contour to differ; they can also differ in their outer and inner contours.
  • the relief structure is pre-treated to reduce adhesion before a coating is applied in a subsequent step. This can be done in different ways.
  • the relief structure is formed in an embossing lacquer with limited metal adhesion, it is important that the limited metal adhesion is further reduced before coating.
  • further adhesion-promoting processes are carried out after the relief structure has been applied, such as corona or plasma treatments.
  • Corona and plasma treatments are surface treatments that increase the surface energy of the embossing lacquer layer, which improves the wettability of the embossed lacquer layer.
  • these treatments remove any impurities that do not adhere firmly from the surface of the embossed lacquer layer, which also improves adhesion.
  • these adhesion-promoting processes can be deliberately dispensed with in order to keep the adhesion of the reflective layer to a minimum due to the already limited metal adhesion of the embossed lacquer layer.
  • the surface of the relief structure can be specifically inactivated.
  • Embossing lacquers are usually subjected to a UV curing process after embossing, after which an active surface is usually present. It is possible to inactivate the surface by adding additives. A lack of adhesion of subsequent layers is considered an indicator of an inactive surface.
  • the inactivation of the surface can be achieved on the one hand by additives that reduce the surface tension of the embossing lacquer, or additives that act as release agents, specifically migrate to the surface of the embossing lacquer and thereby reduce the surface tension of the embossing lacquer layer.
  • Typical additives for reducing the surface tension of embossing lacquers, especially UV lacquers, are silicone surfactants, such as BYK 307 and BYK 333.
  • Surfactants have a structure made up of a hydrophilic part with a high surface energy and a hydrophobic part with a low surface energy. They arrange themselves (migrate) in such a way that the parts with the lowest surface energy are on the surface of the embossing lacquer layer, as this is more energetically favorable.
  • Photoinitiators such as Omnirad 1173 are also initially distributed in the liquid embossing lacquer and are less compatible in the hardened embossing lacquer layer; they do not migrate specifically to the surface of the embossing lacquer layer.
  • embossing lacquer layer can be alkylphosphonic acids. These behave in a similar way to surfactants, but have the additional property of having a special affinity to metal layers. On the one hand, they are not firmly bound into the embossing lacquer layer, but on the other hand, they saturate the reflective layer applied to the embossing lacquer layer and thus form a type of separating layer. This makes it easier to apply further layers in the process without adhesion.
  • the additives described can, for example, be applied heavily diluted as a release layer in a printing process. The release layer is applied over the entire surface.
  • the surface of the relief structure can also be overprinted with a soluble printing ink, a so-called wash ink, and then inactivated by a subsequent wash, during which the wash ink is removed.
  • the wash takes place after the soluble printing ink has been applied and physically dried in a separate operation, but before the reflective layer is applied.
  • a single adhesion-reducing pretreatment can be carried out; however, several pretreatments can also be combined with one another. For example, after inactivating the surface of the relief structure, a wash color can also be applied and washed off.
  • a reflective layer is applied to the relief structure and any adhesion-reducing layer that may be present on top of it. It is particularly preferred that the reflective layer is applied over the entire surface.
  • a metal layer can be used as the reflective layer, for example made of aluminum, copper, chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, silver or alloys of the aforementioned metals. Stainless steel alloys or aluminum alloys such as AlMn, AlMga, AlMgs, AlMgMn, AlMgSi, AlSi are possible, as well as additions of Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn or Ti. Optically variable effects can be created by combining them with ferromagnetic layers (Fe, Co, Ni).
  • the reflective layer is usually applied using physical vapor deposition (PVD).
  • the reflective layer can also be designed as a high-refractive index layer (HRI layer) instead of a metal layer.
  • the reflection layer preferably comprises further layers, such as dielectric layers, reflector layers, absorber layers and/or magnetic layers.
  • SiO2, MgF2, ZnS or TiCh are possible materials for the dielectric layers
  • the reflector layers consist of aluminum or silver
  • the magnetic layers can consist of nickel, iron or magnetic alloys, for example
  • the absorber layer can be a chromium or aluminum layer, for example.
  • the reflection layer then forms a PVD layer composite.
  • the reflection layer and thus the subsequent effect pigment comprises a three-layer structure, which can be designed as a color-shifting and/or color-filtering structure.
  • a three-layer structure preferably consists of a semi-transparent metal layer, a dielectric and a reflective or semi-transparent metal layer.
  • PVD layer composite it is crucial that the bottom layer - i.e. the Layer that is closest to the relief structure - is adapted to the relief structure or the adhesion-reducing layer arranged on the relief structure.
  • the bottom layer is an absorber layer
  • the release force of the relief structure or the adhesion-reducing layer for chromium could be too high in individual cases, so that a thin aluminum layer or a thin copper layer must be selected as the absorber layer.
  • all layers of the PVD layer composite must be suitable for a so-called separation winding. They must not form an inseparable bond with the relief structure, since all layers must be broken together in the subsequent detachment process.
  • Thin reflective layers with too little release force are extremely sensitive to scratches. If the reflective layer is scratched during processing, for example when winding over rollers, or is transferred to the back of the film without any further noticeable effect on the rollers or in a roll, the release force is too low. The release force is too high if, when attempting to separate the film, one of the films involved (donor or acceptor film) tears, the adhesive layer separates from the acceptor film, the embossing lacquer layer separates from the donor film, or the bond between the adhesive layer and the reflective layer fails. The process for producing the effect pigments must be able to run on a web that is conveyed at a minimum of 10 m/min if the release force is set correctly. The maximum achievable adhesive force between the adhesive layer and the reflective layer is in the range of 5 N/15mm.
  • the layer thicknesses depend on the metal and the effect.
  • the layer thickness of the metal layers is between 2 nm and 70 nm, preferably between 5 nm and 30 nm.
  • the layer thickness of the For example, the dielectric layer for SiO2 is between 100 nm and 600 nm, preferably between 200 nm and 400 nm.
  • the reflective layer is applied to a flat surface with a uniform layer thickness. In the process, however, the reflective layer is not applied to a flat surface, but to the relief structure, which is formed by the plateau surfaces, flanks and sunken areas.
  • the PVD process deposits thinner layers on the flanks than on the plateau surfaces and in the sunken areas.
  • This effect creates thinned areas on the flanks in which the reflective layer is applied more thinly than in the other areas. They form the predetermined breaking points when the layer composite is later separated. Predetermined breaking points naturally arise in a similar way on the flanks of a later inner contour, if an inner contour is intended. In order to ensure that the predetermined breaking points are created in the reflective layer, it is necessary that the height of the plateau surfaces above the lowered areas of the relief structure is greater than the thickness of the reflective layer - only then do thinned areas of the reflective layer appear on the flanks. The thinned areas also appear in other coating processes. For example, in the CVD process, the thinned areas do not appear on the flanks, but at convex bends in the relief structure. Even then, the thinned areas represent predetermined breaking points when the layer composite is later separated.
  • an acceptor film is provided with an adhesive layer on one side.
  • the adhesive layer is located on the front or back of the acceptor film.
  • the potential materials for the acceptor film correspond to those of the donor film;
  • the acceptor film is preferably a plastic film.
  • the adhesive layer is applied to the reflective layer of the donor film in a laminating step, whereby the adhesive layer is only in contact with the reflective layer in the plateau areas and the two layers are laminated together. The flanks and the depressed areas, however, are not laminated with the adhesive layer.
  • a layer composite is created from donor film with an embossing lacquer layer arranged on top, on which the adhesion-reducing layer is usually located, and acceptor film with an adhesive layer arranged on top.
  • a roll-to-roll process is preferably used to produce the effect pigments.
  • the roll-to-roll process is preferably carried out with a web speed of at least 25 m/min and a roller temperature of 140°C.
  • the roller diameter is preferably more than 250 mm.
  • One of the rollers in the roll-to-roll process is preferably a steel roller and the other roller an impression roller with a suitable hardness. It is preferable to choose an impression roller with a medium hardness, e.g. 80 shore-A.
  • the height sensitivity of the transfer process can be adjusted by choosing the hardness of the impression roller.
  • the donor film is peeled off the acceptor film.
  • a vertical tensile force is applied to the layer composite - it acts vertically to the surface of the layer composite.
  • the vertical tensile force is applied in the production process by means of a so-called separating winding.
  • Different arrangements are possible for the separating winding. It is advantageous if the separating winding takes place in a roll-to-roll process, whereby this roll-to-roll process particularly preferably always takes place under the same angle conditions at the peeling point.
  • the acceptor film can be guided through two rollers and either by the upper or lower roller. Depending on the web tension, a different separation roll is produced.
  • the layer bond created in the previous step is released again. Due to the adhesion-reducing pretreatment of the relief structure in the embossed lacquer layer, the adhesion between the adhesive layer and the reflective layer on the plateau surfaces is greater - because the adhesive layer is only in contact with the reflective layer there - than between the reflective layer and the embossed lacquer layer or adhesion-reducing layer, so that the reflective layer on the plateau surfaces is peeled off from the embossed lacquer layer in sections.
  • the reflective layer is separated at the thinned areas previously created on the flanks of the relief structure, which act as predetermined breaking points, and the reflective layer on the flanks and in the sunken areas of the relief structure remains on the embossed lacquer layer or the adhesion-reducing layer.
  • the adhesion of the reflective layer to the relief structure is also low due to the adhesion-reducing pre-treatment - it has the same strength as on the plateaus - but the adhesive layer is not in contact with the flanks or the sunken areas at all, so that the adhesion between the reflective layer and the embossing lacquer layer or the adhesion-reducing layer is sufficient for the reflective layer to remain on the flanks or the sunken areas of the relief structure.
  • the reflective layer By separating the reflective layer at the predetermined breaking points, clear contours of the effect pigments are ensured. Due to the adhesion-reducing pre-treatment of the relief structure, damage to the contour when separating is avoided; the relief structure detaches extremely easily from the plateau surfaces. In addition, the parts that correspond to the later effect pigments are separated by the adhesion of the reflective layer to The adhesive layer on the plateau surfaces is additionally protected against breaking, tearing or similar damage.
  • the predetermined breaking points also ensure that the reflective layer breaks with precise contours.
  • the donor film is separated from the acceptor film again.
  • the acceptor film has the adhesive layer over its entire surface and on top of it the pieces of the reflection layer that were separated at the predetermined breaking points and were arranged on the plateau surfaces of the relief structure. These pieces of the reflection layer represent the later effect pigments and are fixed to the acceptor film by means of the adhesive layer after this process step. Their shape/contour is already finally determined.
  • the relief structure and the adhesion-reducing layer that is usually present remain over the entire surface of the donor film, and the parts of the reflection layer that have not been separated are located on the flanks and in the sunken areas of the relief structure as a residual layer.
  • the pieces that form the effect pigments are therefore detached from the acceptor film by dissolving or partially dissolving the adhesive layer or by undermining the pieces with a release agent.
  • the pieces are then detached from the adhesive layer without being destroyed, broken, torn, etc. This prevents the contours of the subsequent effect pigments from being destroyed.
  • the pieces can thus be detached from the acceptor film without brushing or wrapping over an edge. Treatment with a felt, a washing bar, a wiper lip or similar is then sufficient.
  • the pieces are particularly preferably detached from the acceptor film without any mechanical support. In most applications, the pieces are detached by completely dissolving the adhesive layer. However, detachment is also possible by infiltration of the pieces, whereby the acceptor film continues to bear the adhesive layer even after the pieces have been detached.
  • the term infiltration refers to the penetration of an additive as a release agent into the interface between the pieces, which correspond to the later effect pigments, and the adhesive layer.
  • the additive for example water or a solvent adapted to the adhesive layer, spreads in the interface and reduces the adhesion of the pieces.
  • the adhesion of the parts to the adhesive layer is reduced so much that it is completely eliminated.
  • the adhesive layer is not dissolved by infiltration.
  • An example of infiltration is the test of painted metal sheets. When such metal sheets are exposed to the weather, bubbles form - the paint is infiltrated. Since the acceptor film is neither brushed nor wrapped around an edge, the quality of the effect pigments and thus the purity of the resulting pigment ink is increased, because this mechanical detachment damages the contours of the effect pigments.
  • Water-soluble adhesives such as polyvinylpyrrolidone in various types (K17, K25, K30) can be used for the adhesive layer.
  • the prerequisite for the adhesive layer is that the adhesion between the adhesive layer and the reflective layer is greater than that between the adhesion-reducing layer or the embossing lacquer layer and the reflective layer - this is the only way to enable the effect pigments to be separated when the vertical tensile force is applied.
  • the dissolution process of these water-soluble adhesives then takes place by bringing the acceptor film into contact with aqueous media.
  • Suitable adhesives are starch- or dextrin-based adhesives, or polyethylene glycols. If the acceptor film is pre-treated for printing, the range of suitable adhesive layers for lamination is expanded. If the adhesive layer is removed, the binding agent that is washed out of the adhesive layer and the solvent in the pigment concentrate in which the effect pigments are washed off can remain.
  • the effect pigments have a length and width between 4 gm and 40 ⁇ m and a thickness between 2 nm and 1350 nm. The effect pigments produced in the process according to the invention therefore have a better resolution than can be achieved in classic printing processes.
  • the process can particularly preferably be carried out inline.
  • the donor and acceptor films are designed as a web element - i.e. as a film strip on a film web.
  • the acceptor and donor films are then continuously unrolled from a roll during the manufacturing process and all process steps are carried out one after the other on the film web in a single operation.
  • the acceptor film can be reused in the event of dissolution of the adhesive layer when the effect pigments are removed by simply applying another adhesive layer to the acceptor film.
  • a vinyl chloride copolymer such as Vinnol H15/45M is used as an adhesive layer on the acceptor film, for example made of PET, and is physically dried - it contains a carboxyl group to improve metal adhesion.
  • the reflective layer arranged on the donor film is then laminated to the adhesive layer of the acceptor film at 140°C without using an additional adhesive formulation.
  • plasticizers such as Palatinol N or Palatinol DINCH can be added.
  • the physical stability of the effect pigments in the subsequent steps depends on their thickness, so that depending on the thickness, different subsequent steps may be required to create a pigment ink.
  • the effect pigments are removed from the acceptor film together with the adhesive layer using a suitable solvent, such as MEK.
  • the effect pigments are then enriched by centrifuging or filtering, and the binder content is reduced by washing processes.
  • the reflective layer contains a magnetic partial layer, it can be advantageous not to dry the effect pigments completely at any time. This prevents agglomeration of the effect pigments, which makes separation of the effect pigments more difficult. If drying is omitted, the effect pigments have a solvent shell and do not clump as much.
  • the work should also be carried out as free of magnetic fields as possible in order to also prevent agglomeration of the effect pigments. Since the effect pigments are metal-based pigments, stabilization of the effect pigments by silanization may be necessary, which can be carried out using known methods.
  • the second variant of the process is modified with regard to the arrangement of the layers.
  • a donor film and an acceptor film for example made of PET, are provided.
  • adhesion-reducing layer is applied over the entire surface of one side of the donor film.
  • the adhesion-reducing layer can be a wash paint or a thin release layer with which additives are applied.
  • the reflective layer is then applied over the entire surface of this adhesion-reducing layer in all possible embodiments as already described using a PVD process. Due to the low thickness of the reflective layer, it is ensured that the reflective layer breaks with precise contours, without damaging the effect pigments or creating an undesirable size distribution, even though no predetermined breaking points are provided in this variant.
  • the adhesion of the reflective layer to the adhesion-reducing layer must not be too strong to enable the reflective layer to be detached, but it must not be too low either, otherwise it will not be possible to release the effect pigments with a sharp edge and a clearly predetermined contour.
  • only an aluminum layer is used as a reflection layer, since the small layer thickness of up to 2nm then results in sharp-edged refraction.
  • the adhesive layer is then applied.
  • three potential ways are used for this.
  • a relief structure with plateau surfaces, flanks and sunken areas is formed on the acceptor film.
  • the adhesive layer is then applied over the entire surface of the relief structure.
  • the relief structure is formed in an embossed lacquer layer.
  • the acceptor film also has the relief structure.
  • the adhesive layer is not applied to the relief structure of the acceptor film as before, but over the entire surface of the reflective layer on the donor film. It is important here that an adhesive layer is selected that breaks easily in the further process step, because in this variant not only the reflective layer has to break with sharp edges, but also the adhesive layer on top of it. Acrylates, for example, can be used as the adhesive layer.
  • Aqueous dispersions can be used as adhesives whose minimum film formation temperature (MFT) is not reached or only just reached during drying after application.
  • MFT minimum film formation temperature
  • the polymer particles of the adhesive layer are then applied but do not form a film.
  • the polymer particles only form a film in the adhesive joint during the bonding process at a higher temperature (heating from the acceptor film).
  • a layered composite is created from the donor film and the acceptor film in the second variant.
  • the adhesive layer of the acceptor film is laminated with the reflective layer of the donor film.
  • the donor film is separated from the acceptor film again by applying a vertical tensile force to the layered composite, whereby the reflective layer is separated from the layered composite in sections and remains on the acceptor film.
  • the reflective layer is only in contact with the adhesive layer in the plateau areas, so that the sections break out of the reflective layer in the shape of the plateau areas - they are released from the donor film, as this has been pre-treated to reduce adhesion.
  • the pre-treatment to reduce adhesion enables sharp-edged breaking to create a clear contour.
  • the adhesive layer is not full-surface but structured, so that the parts of the reflective layer that are in contact with the structured adhesive layer, which after laminating and separating are separated into pieces with clear contours.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first layer composite for producing
  • Fig. 3A to 3C different variants of a second layer composite for producing effect pigments.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first layer composite 1, which is produced in the method according to the invention for producing effect pigments 2.
  • An adhesive layer 6 is applied over the entire surface of an acceptor film 4.
  • the adhesive layer 6 is laminated with the layers provided on a donor film 8.
  • an embossing lacquer layer 10 which is structured with a relief structure 12, is located on the donor film 8.
  • An adhesion-reducing layer 14 is applied to the relief structure 12 in the embossing lacquer layer 10.
  • a reflection layer 16 is applied directly above the adhesion-reducing layer 14. It is applied over the entire surface of the adhesion-reducing layer 14, but thins out on the flanks of the relief structure 12, so that predetermined breaking points 18 are created in the reflection layer 16.
  • the adhesion-reducing layer 14 can also be omitted.
  • the first layer composite 1 according to Fig. 1 is formed in several steps in the process for producing effect pigments 2 and then The individual process steps are explained step by step below using Fig. 2A to 2H.
  • Fig. 2A shows a first step in which the donor foil 8, on the front side 20 of which the embossing lacquer layer 10 is arranged, is provided before the embossing lacquer layer 10 is structured in a second step.
  • the structuring can be carried out by means of embossing, but also by lasering or etching - the relief structure 12 with plateau surfaces 12a, flanks 12b and depressed regions 12c is created in the embossing lacquer layer 10 on the donor foil 8, as shown in Fig. 2B.
  • the relief structure 12 is pretreated to reduce adhesion.
  • the product of this third step is shown in Fig. 2C.
  • the adhesion-reducing pretreatment can be done in different ways.
  • an adhesion-reducing coating 14 is applied to the relief structure 12.
  • it can be a thin release layer with which additives are applied to the relief structure 12 in a highly diluted form - usually in a printing process.
  • the embossing lacquer layer 10 is normally present with an active surface. The additives ensure that the surface of the embossing lacquer layer 10 is inactivated by either reducing the surface tension of the embossing lacquer layer 10 or migrating to the surface of the embossing lacquer layer 10.
  • the embossing lacquer layer 10 itself has adhesion-reducing properties and adhesion-promoting process steps between the relief structure 12 and the reflection layer 16 are completely dispensed with.
  • the reflection layer 16 is applied over the entire surface of the relief structure 12 in the embossing lacquer layer 10.
  • the result of the fourth step is shown in Fig. 2D.
  • the adhesion-reducing layer 14 is located between the embossing lacquer layer 10 and the reflection layer 16.
  • the reflection layer 16 is applied by means of physical vapor deposition - this enables a particularly thin and full-surface layer application.
  • the reflection layer is located over the entire surface of the adhesion-reducing layer 14, but is deposited more thinly on the flanks 12b of the relief structure 12 than on the plateau surfaces 12a and in the sunken areas 12c, so that predetermined breaking points 18 are created in the reflection layer 16 on the flanks 12b - they represent deliberately created weak points in the reflection layer 16 applied over the entire surface.
  • the reflection layer 16 can be single-layered or multi-layered, as already explained.
  • the reflection layer 16 is a metal layer, for example made of aluminum, copper, chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt or silver.
  • a reflection layer 16 made of aluminum can be designed to be particularly thin - it can have layer thicknesses of up to 2 nm.
  • Multi-layer applications as described in detail in the general part of the description, can also be applied.
  • the design of the reflection layer 16 depends on which properties the effect pigment 2 produced later is to have, because only the reflection layer 16 emerges as an effect pigment 2 as a product from the manufacturing process.
  • the acceptor film 4 is provided.
  • the adhesive layer 6 is arranged on the front side 5 of the acceptor film.
  • the acceptor film 4 is also preferably a PET film. It is applied in the vertical direction 22 with the adhesive layer 6 arranged on its front side 5 to the reflection layer 16 of the donor film 8.
  • the adhesive layer 6 is in contact with the plateau surfaces 12a only. the reflection layer 16.
  • the adhesive layer 6 is laminated to the plateau surfaces with the reflection layer 16.
  • the first layer composite 1 is created.
  • the reflection layer 16 Since the reflection layer 16 is thinned at the predetermined breaking points 18, the reflection layer breaks at these predetermined breaking points 18 when it is detached from the plateau surfaces 12a and is therefore separated with a clear edge from a remaining residual layer 26, which corresponds to the parts of the reflection layer 16 that were located on the flanks 12b and in the depressed regions 12c of the relief structure 12.
  • the clear contour of the sections 25 and thus also of the later effect pigments 2 is thus ensured in three respects - on the one hand, the sections 25 detach very easily from the plateau surfaces 12a due to the adhesion-reducing layer 14, furthermore, the predetermined breaking points 18 ensure that the sections 25 are separated from the remaining layer 26 at a clear edge, and because the sections 25 adhere to the adhesive layer 6 when separated from the remaining layer 26, they are additionally protected against breaking or tearing.
  • the first layer composite 1 is separated as described; as explained, the products shown in Fig. 2G are created. In the further process, only the acceptor film 4 is further treated so that when the partial pieces 25 are removed, contamination of the effect pigments 2 with parts of the residual layer 26 is deliberately avoided.
  • the pieces 25 are detached from the adhesive layer 6.
  • the adhesive layer 6 is completely dissolved - this is shown in Fig. 2H.
  • Mechanical methods to assist in the removal such as brushing or wrapping over an edge, which pose the risk of damaging the pieces 25, are deliberately omitted in order to improve the purity of the effect pigments 2.
  • a particularly gentle treatment with a felt, a washing bar, a wiper lip, or similar is required. It is particularly preferred to omit this gentle treatment completely.
  • removal by infiltration of the pieces 25 would also be possible; this is also carried out without significant mechanical assistance. In this case, however, the adhesive layer 6 does not dissolve, but remains on the acceptor film 4 (not explicitly shown).
  • Figs. 3A to 3C show alternative variants of a second layer composite 28.
  • a characteristic of the second layer composite is that the adhesion-reducing layer 14 is applied to the entire surface of the donor film 8 and then the reflection layer 16 is also vapor-deposited over the entire surface.
  • the acceptor film 4 can either be unstructured, as shown in Fig. 3C, or have the embossing lacquer layer 10 on one side, which is structured with the relief structure 12 - the latter is shown in Figs. 3A and 3B.
  • the effect pigments 2 are formed with clear contours - even without the presence of predetermined breaking points 18, it is ensured that the sections 25 are separated with precise contours either by the structured application of the adhesive layer 6 or by the introduction of the relief structure 12 into the embossing lacquer layer 10.
  • Fig. 3A shows the first variant of the second layer composite 28.
  • the relief structure 12 is molded into the embossing lacquer layer 10, which is located on the acceptor foil 4. If the donor foil 8 and the acceptor foil 4 are laminated together in the vertical direction 22, the reflection layer 16 comes into contact with the adhesive layer 6 on the plateau surfaces 12a, analogously to the first variant. In the alternative method, the reflection layer 16 is therefore also separated in these areas from the remaining sections as parts 25, which correspond to the later effect pigments 2.
  • the second layer composite 28 in the variant shown in Fig. 3B corresponds in terms of the layer sequence to the second layer composite 28 according to Fig. 3A, but the adhesive layer 6 is not applied to the acceptor film 4, but to the entire surface of the donor film 8.
  • the separation of the sections 25 then takes place analogously, but it is necessary that in addition to the reflection layer 16, the adhesive layer 6 is also separated with precise contours - the material for the adhesive layer 6 must be selected accordingly.
  • the acceptor film is unstructured - no embossing lacquer layer 10 is necessary.
  • the adhesive layer 6 is applied in a structured manner in the form of the later effect pigments 2 - even then, after lamination, when the donor film 8 is separated from the acceptor film 4, the sections 25 are separated with precise contours.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Le présent document divulgue un processus de production de pigments à effet (2). Ledit processus comprend les étapes consistant à : La présente invention concerne la fourniture d'un film donneur (8) ayant une structure en relief (12) disposée sur celui-ci comprenant des surfaces de plateau (12a), des régions abaissées (12c) et des flancs (12b) situés entre ceux-ci. L'application d'une couche réfléchissante (16) à la structure en relief (12). L'invention concerne la fourniture d'un film accepteur (4) ayant une couche adhésive (6) disposée sur un côté de celui-ci. La production d'un premier composite de couche (1) à partir du film donneur (8) et du film accepteur (4), la couche adhésive (6) du film accepteur (4) étant stratifiée avec la couche réfléchissante (16) du film donneur (8) dans les surfaces de plateau (12a). Le décollement du film donneur (8) du film accepteur (4), la couche réfléchissante (16) restant sur le film donneur (8) dans les régions abaissées (12c) et sur les flancs (12b) en tant que couche résiduelle (26) et le film accepteur (4) ayant disposé sur celui-ci la couche adhésive (6) et les pièces (25) de la couche réfléchissante (16) préalablement disposées sur les surfaces de plateau (12a), et le détachement des pièces (25) du film accepteur (4), un contour externe des pigments à effet (2) étant prédéterminé par la configuration des surfaces de plateau (12a). Dans le processus, la structure en relief (12) est soumise à un prétraitement réduisant l'adhérence avant l'application sur toute la surface de la couche réfléchissante (16) et le détachement des pièces (25) en tant que pigments à effet (2) à partir du film accepteur (4) comprend un détachement ou un desserrage de la couche adhésive (6) ou une infiltration des pièces (25) avec un agent de libération, la couche adhésive (6) restant sur le film accepteur (4).
PCT/DE2024/100466 2023-06-07 2024-05-21 Processus de production de pigments à effet Ceased WO2024251325A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202480027298.7A CN121057787A (zh) 2023-06-07 2024-05-21 用于制造效果颜料的方法
DE112024002433.5T DE112024002433A5 (de) 2023-06-07 2024-05-21 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Effektpigmenten
EP24733519.3A EP4724534A1 (fr) 2023-06-07 2024-05-21 Processus de production de pigments à effet

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023114955.5 2023-06-07
DE102023114955.5A DE102023114955A1 (de) 2023-06-07 2023-06-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Effektpigmenten

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WO2024251325A1 true WO2024251325A1 (fr) 2024-12-12

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CN (1) CN121057787A (fr)
DE (2) DE102023114955A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024251325A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110045248A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2011-02-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method for producing a microstructure
DE102010019766A1 (de) * 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Mikrostruktur auf einem Träger
WO2019057321A1 (fr) 2017-09-21 2019-03-28 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Procédé de production de pigments à profil intérieur et/ou extérieur prédéfinis et pigments
EP3337675B1 (fr) * 2015-08-17 2019-11-13 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH Élément de sécurité, procédé de production de ce dernier et support de données équipé de l'élément de sécurité

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021000478A1 (de) * 2021-02-01 2022-08-04 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Maskenbelichtungsverfahren, transparente, leitfähige Metallisierung und Pigment
DE102021004984A1 (de) * 2021-10-05 2023-04-06 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Pigment und Herstellung desselben

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110045248A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2011-02-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Method for producing a microstructure
DE102010019766A1 (de) * 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Mikrostruktur auf einem Träger
EP3337675B1 (fr) * 2015-08-17 2019-11-13 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology GmbH Élément de sécurité, procédé de production de ce dernier et support de données équipé de l'élément de sécurité
WO2019057321A1 (fr) 2017-09-21 2019-03-28 Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh Procédé de production de pigments à profil intérieur et/ou extérieur prédéfinis et pigments

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DE112024002433A5 (de) 2026-03-26
DE102023114955A1 (de) 2024-12-12
EP4724534A1 (fr) 2026-04-15
CN121057787A (zh) 2025-12-02

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