WO2024251464A1 - Fil électrode et procédé de sa fabrication - Google Patents
Fil électrode et procédé de sa fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024251464A1 WO2024251464A1 PCT/EP2024/063123 EP2024063123W WO2024251464A1 WO 2024251464 A1 WO2024251464 A1 WO 2024251464A1 EP 2024063123 W EP2024063123 W EP 2024063123W WO 2024251464 A1 WO2024251464 A1 WO 2024251464A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- zinc oxide
- electrode wire
- rough
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
- B23H7/08—Wire electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrode wire for electroerosion machining and to a method of manufacturing this electrode wire.
- Electrode wires are used to cut metals or electrically conductive materials by electrical discharge machining in an electrical discharge machining machine.
- An electric generator connected to the electrode wire by electrical contacts away from the machining area, establishes an appropriate potential difference between the electrode wire and the conductive part to be machined.
- the machining area between the electrode wire and the part is immersed in a suitable dielectric fluid.
- the potential difference causes sparks to appear between the electrode wire and the part to be machined, which gradually erode the part and the electrode wire.
- the longitudinal movement of the electrode wire makes it possible to permanently maintain a sufficient wire diameter to prevent it from breaking in the machining area.
- the relative movement of the wire and the part in the transverse direction makes it possible to cut the part or to treat its surface, if necessary.
- a metal core made of one or more metals or alloys ensuring good conduction of electric current and good mechanical resistance to withstand the mechanical tension load of the wire
- - a coating of one or more other metals or alloys and/or a particular topography, for example fractures, ensuring better efficiency of the electroerosion, for example a higher erosion speed.
- US8338735B2 discloses an electrode wire having a brass core covered with a layer of copper-zinc alloy.
- the layer of copper-zinc alloy comprises a mixture of fractured gamma-phase copper-zinc alloy.
- This particular coating structure aims to generally ensure a higher speed of machining of a part by electroerosion.
- the manufacturing processes for electrode wires such as that described in patent US8338735B2, generally include a step of depositing, typically by electrodeposition, a layer of zinc on the metal core. This step is complex to carry out and consumes a lot of energy.
- Application JPS61203223A discloses an electrode wire having a brass core covered with a layer of zinc oxide.
- the zinc oxide layer is obtained by placing a brass wire in a furnace heated to 600°C for 4 h. This high-temperature heat treatment is carried out at a very low pressure of around 0.05 atm (5.07 kPa).
- An oxidized brass wire with a 300 nm layer of zinc oxide is obtained.
- the oxidized brass wire obtained cannot be used in most EDM machines because its breaking load is not greater than 400 N/mm 2
- this wire is then drawn to go from a diameter of 0.4 mm to a diameter of 0.2 mm.
- the drawing operation increases the breaking load of the oxidized brass wire to make it usable in EDM machines.
- the zinc oxide layer obtained by heating at high temperature under very low pressure is very brittle. Because of this, during wire drawing, a large portion of the zinc oxide is lost.
- the thickness of the zinc oxide layer is much smaller and less than 100 nm.
- the zinc oxide layer obtained is very brittle, when using this wire to machine a part, the zinc oxide layer crumbles and fouls the electrode wire guide members.
- application JPS61203223A proposes, after wire drawing, to coat the oxidized brass wire with a layer of varnish.
- JPS61103731A Also known from the prior art are JPS61103731A, DE202017106956U1 and US2019/133919A1.
- the teaching of application JPS61103731A is similar to that of application JPS61203223A.
- the oxidation of the brass core is also carried out under very low pressure which leads to the formation of a friable zinc oxide layer which is largely removed during wire drawing.
- the temperature and time conditions described in application JPS61103731A for oxidizing the brass core are similar to those described in application JPS61203223A so that this also leads to obtaining electrode wires whose breaking load, before drawing, is insufficient to be used in most EDM machines.
- Application DE202017106956U1 discloses only zinc oxide layers with thicknesses less than 100 nm.
- Application LIS2019/133919A1 does not disclose a zinc oxide layer directly formed on a brass core.
- the invention aims to propose an electrode wire whose performance is similar to that of the electrode wire described in patent US8338735B2 while being simpler to manufacture.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the cross-section of an electrode wire
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a manufacturing process for the electrode wire of Figure 1
- FIG. 3 is a front view of a guide used to measure the frictional resistance of a wire
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the guide of Figure 3.
- FIG. 5 is a top view of the guide of Figure 3.
- element made of material A or “element made of material A” means an element in which material A represents at least 70%, by mass, of this element and preferably at least 90% or 95% by mass of this element.
- a "copper-zinc alloy” means an alloy consisting solely of copper and zinc, with the exception of unavoidable impurities.
- a copper-zinc alloy is also called "brass"
- electrical conductor means a material whose electrical conductivity, at 20 °C, is greater than 10 6 S/m and, preferably, greater than 10 7 S/m.
- the longitudinal axis of a wire is the axis along which the wire mainly extends.
- cross section means a section of the electrode wire perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
- longitudinal section means a section of the electrode wire made along a plane which contains its longitudinal axis.
- the term “layer” refers to an annular layer of the electrode wire that is located, in each cross-section of the electrode wire, between an inner circular boundary and an outer circular boundary. In reality, these boundaries are not perfect circles. However, as a first approximation, in this text, these boundaries are considered to be circles. These circular boundaries are both centered on the axis of the electrode wire.
- the inner circular boundary is the boundary of the layer that is closest to the axis of the electrode wire.
- the outer circular boundary is the boundary of the layer that is furthest from the axis of the electrode wire.
- the chemical composition is substantially homogeneous. Conversely, at the inner and outer circular boundaries, the chemical composition changes abruptly. In particular, the change in composition when these circular boundaries are crossed is much greater than the slight changes in composition that can be observed within a layer.
- fractured layer refers to a layer that has a multitude of fractures that partition it into a multitude of zones separated from each other, in a longitudinal section of the wire, by a very large number of radial fractures.
- a very large number of radial fractures refers, over a length of 1 mm of the electrode wire, to more than ten radial fractures that divide the layer in question into ten or so blocks mechanically isolated from each other, in the longitudinal section, by these radial fractures.
- surface layer refers to the layer of the electrode wire that is located furthest to the outside of the electrode wire.
- This surface layer may have on its surface a thin film composed of water-soluble residues such as wire drawing lubricant residues.
- the outer face of this surface layer is therefore either merged with the outer face of the electrode wire in the absence of the thin film or separated from the outer face of the electrode wire only by this thin film.
- a layer of the electrode wire covered with a varnish as in the case of the electrode wire described in application JPS61203223A is not a surface layer because the varnish applied is not water-soluble.
- room temperature means a temperature between 15°C and 35°C and, typically, equal to 25°C.
- - mi is the initial mass of a sample of a wire with a surface layer of zinc oxide
- - p is the volume density of zinc oxide, this density p is here taken equal to 5600 kg/m 3 ,
- the average thickness e is, for example, measured according to the following method:
- a sample of length L and diameter d of wire is taken and then rolled into a crown of approximately 5 cm in diameter.
- the length L is for example equal to 12 m.
- the diameter d is often equal to 0.25 mm.
- the sample is dried using a jet of compressed air.
- a “straight” wire means a wire whose deflection is less than 35 mm when measured by the following method:
- a “non-straight” wire is a wire that is not straight.
- Figure 1 shows an electrode wire 2 for EDM machining as described in the introductory part of this text.
- the electrode wire 2 has a breaking load greater than 400 N/mm 2 and, most often, greater than 450 N/mm 2 or 500 N/mm 2 or 700 N/mm 2 .
- the breaking load of the electrode wire 2 is also, generally, less than 1100 N/mm 2 .
- the breaking load of the electrode wire 2 is included in one of the following intervals [400 N/mm 2 ; 450 N/mm 2 ], [400 N/mm 2 ; 500 N/mm 2 ], [450 N/mm 2 ; 700 N/mm 2 ], [500 N/mm 2 ; 700 N/mm 2 ] or greater than 700 N/mm 2 .
- wire EDM machining can be straight, slightly conical or strongly conical.
- Machining is said to be “straight” when the angle a between the electrode wire and the face of the table for laying the parts to be cut is between 82° and 98°. This table is generally horizontal. Machining is said to be “slightly conical” when the angle a is between 67° and 82° or between 98° and 113°. Machining is said to be “strongly conical” when the angle a is between 45° and 67° or between 113° and 135°. Electrode wires whose breaking load is in the range [400 N/mm 2 ; 450 N/mm 2 ] or [400 N/mm 2 ; 500 N/mm 2 ] are generally used for highly tapered machining.
- Electrode wires with a tensile strength in the range [450 N/mm 2 ; 700 N/mm 2 ] or [500 N/mm 2 ; 700 N/mm 2 ] are generally used for low-taper machining. Electrode wires with a tensile strength greater than 700 N/mm 2 are used for straight machining. It is also emphasized that electrode wires with a tensile strength greater than 500 N/mm 2 can be made straight by stress-relieving them, which is not the case for electrode wires with a tensile strength less than 450 N/mm 2 . Straight electrode wires are easier to thread and mount in an EDM machine than non-straight electrode wires. For this reason, subsequently, wire 2 is a wire whose breaking load is greater than 500 N/mm 2 .
- the wire 2 extends along a longitudinal axis 4.
- the axis 4 is here perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.
- the length of the wire 2 is greater than 1 m and, typically, greater than 10 m or 50 m.
- the wire 2 has an outer face 6 directly exposed to sparks during the machining of a part by EDM using this wire.
- the outer face 6 is a cylindrical face which extends along the axis 4.
- the directrix curve of the face 6 is mainly a circle centered on the axis 4.
- the cross-section of the wire 2 is circular.
- the outer diameter D 2 of the wire 2 is typically between 50 pm and 1 mm and, most often, between 70 pm and 400 pm. Here, the diameter D 2 is equal to 0.25 mm.
- the core 10 has the function of ensuring, by itself, the majority of the load at break of the wire 2. It also has the function of ensuring the electrical conductivity of the wire 2. For this purpose, it is made of electrically conductive material. Typically, it is made of metal or a metal alloy.
- the diameter D w of the core 10 is greater than 0.99*D 2 or 0.995*D 2 .
- the diameter D is greater than or equal to 0.249 mm.
- the coating 12 is designed to increase the machining speed and therefore the erosive efficiency of the electrode wire and/or the quality of the faces of the part obtained after EDM machining.
- the quality of a face cut by EDM is all the better when its roughness is low.
- the average thickness of the coating 12 is very small compared to the diameter D 2 of the wire 2, that is to say less than 0.5% of the diameter D 2 and, preferably, less than 0.25% of the diameter D 2 .
- the coating 12 is formed of a single layer of zinc oxide.
- the same reference numeral is used to designate both the coating 12 and the zinc oxide layer.
- Layer 12 is the surface layer of electrode wire 2.
- the average thickness ei 2 of the layer 12 is between 160 nm and 461 nm and, preferably, between 160 nm and 350 nm or between 160 nm and 300 nm.
- the layer 12 is essentially made of zinc oxide of formula ZnO. However, in places, the layer 12 may be crossed by brass peaks. These brass peaks form projections on the peripheral face 14 of the core 10 which pass through the layer 12. These brass peaks form only one block of material with the core 10.
- composition of zinc oxide can deviate slightly from stoichiometry.
- Composition analyses using XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) spectra have shown that zinc oxide in layer 12 is composed, in atomic percentages:
- the desired thickness ei2 is first chosen between 100 nm and 461 nm or between 105 nm and 461 nm and, preferably, between 160 nm and 461 nm or between 160 nm and 350 nm.
- the thickness ei 2 is taken equal to 200 nm.
- the value of a coefficient Ci described later is chosen while respecting the constraints also described later.
- the coefficient Ci is chosen equal to two.
- a diameter D o is chosen according to the coefficient Ci previously chosen and the desired final diameter D 2 and while respecting the constraints stated in the following paragraph. As an illustration, the final diameter D 2 is taken equal to 0.25 mm.
- a brass blank wire is first provided.
- the blank wire is a brass wire having a diameter D o of between 1.3*D 2 and 6*D 2 and, preferably, between 1.3*D 2 and 3.75*D 2 or between 2*D 2 and 3.75*D 2 .
- the diameter D 2 is equal to 0.25 mm so that the diameter D o is between 0.325 mm and 1.5 mm and, preferably, between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm or between 0.5 mm and 0.94 mm.
- the diameter D o is taken as 0.5 mm.
- the zinc concentration of this rough wire is chosen as described previously in the case of core 10.
- the zinc concentration of the rough wire is 40 atomic %. Indeed, the higher the zinc concentration, the more the performance of wire 2 is improved.
- the blank wire having the desired diameter D o is obtained by drawing a standard brass wire of diameter D in j until the desired diameter D o is obtained.
- the diameter D in j is equal to 1.25 mm.
- the blank wire is oxidized to obtain an oxidized blank wire.
- the oxidized blank wire has a layer of zinc oxide directly on its peripheral face. This layer of zinc oxide completely covers the peripheral face of the oxidized blank wire.
- the blank wire provided is subjected to a heat treatment in the presence of oxygen. This heat treatment is carried out in a gaseous medium containing oxygen and at a pressure greater than 50 kPa or 100 kPa.
- this heat treatment is simply carried out in the Earth's atmosphere, that is to say in a medium comprising more than 20%, by volume, of dioxygen, at ambient pressure of approximately 101 kPa.
- This heat treatment is configured to generate a layer of zinc oxide on the peripheral face of the rough wire whose average thickness e 0 is between 130 nm and 600 nm and, generally, between 160 nm and 600 nm.
- a thickness e 0 less than 130 nm does not allow a thickness ei 2 greater than or equal to 100 nm to be obtained after the drawing step 84 described below.
- a thickness e 0 greater than 600 nm leads to a zinc oxide layer that does not adhere well and is torn off, at least in places, during the wire drawing step 84. This tearing off of a portion of the zinc oxide layer during the wire drawing step 84 makes it impossible to precisely control the thickness ei 2 .
- the thickness e 0 is greater than 600 nm, the reproducibility of the manufacturing process is degraded. Indeed, even if all the manufacturing parameters are kept equal, the differences between the thicknesses ei 2 of the wires 2 manufactured increase. Furthermore, the removal of part of the zinc oxide constitutes a waste of material which should be avoided or limited since the removed zinc oxide is not used in the manufactured wire 2.
- the thickness e 0 is determined by successive experiments by testing several thicknesses e 0 included in this range until finding the thickness e 0 which, after drawing, makes it possible to obtain the desired thickness ei 2 of zinc oxide.
- the thickness e 0 it must be taken into account that, even if the thickness e 0 remains less than 600 nm, a small fraction of the zinc oxide is torn off during the drawing step. It has been estimated that, currently, this small fraction of zinc oxide can reach 20% or 30%.
- the thicknesses e 0 tested are generally chosen in the range [Ci*ei 2 ; Min(1 ,3*Ci*ei 2 ; 600)] and, preferably, in the interval [1 ,1*Ci*ei 2 ; Min(1 ,3*Ci*ei 2 ; 600)] and, even more often, in the interval [1 ,2*Ci*ei 2 ; Min(1 ,3*Ci*ei 2 ; 600)], where:
- - Ci is equal to the reduction coefficient of the diameter of the oxidized rough wire during drawing step 84.
- - Min(a;b) is the function that returns the smallest of the values a and b.
- the reduction coefficient Ci is defined as being equal to the ratio D 0 /D 2 .
- the thickness e 0 which makes it possible to obtain the desired thickness ei 2 after wire drawing is typically between 480 nm and 520 nm and, most often, equal to or very close to 500 nm.
- the heat treatment used consists of placing a coil of the rough wire supplied in a furnace, in air, heated to a constant temperature T furnace for a duration D f0U r and at ambient pressure.
- the furnace is not airtight and the air is stirred throughout the duration of the heat treatment.
- the rate of oxidation of the brass of the rough wire increases as a function of the temperature T f0U r.
- the thickness of the zinc oxide layer which forms on the rough wire increases all the more rapidly as the temperature T f0U r is high.
- the thickness of the zinc oxide layer which forms on the rough wire increases as a function of the duration D furnace .
- the value of the duration D f0U r retained at the end of these tests is included in the interval [0.8*D foU rT ; 1.2*D f0U rT] or in the interval [0.9*D foU rT ; 1.1*D f0U rT] or even in the interval [0.95*D foU rT ; 1.05*D foU rT].
- the temperature T f0U r is preferably chosen not to be too high so as to correspond to a duration D f0U r long enough so that the time required for the temperature to be uniform inside the entire coil is very small compared to the duration D f0U r. Indeed, if the temperature T f0U r chosen is very high, then the corresponding duration D furnace is very short. However, over a very short duration, the heat does not have time to diffuse uniformly inside the entire coil. Thus, in the case where the heat treatment consists of placing an entire coil of the rough wire inside a furnace, when the duration D f0U r is very short, the thickness e 0 of the formed oxide layer has high inhomogeneity along the oxidized roughing wire.
- the duration D f0U r is advantageously chosen to be greater than four hours or six hours. This constraint makes it possible to determine a maximum value for the temperature T f0U r not to be exceeded. Conversely, the duration D f0U r must not be too long to be suitable for an industrializable manufacturing process.
- the temperature T f0U r is chosen between 400°C and 500°C.
- the coil of blank wire is removed from the furnace.
- the blank wire is covered with a layer of zinc oxide of thickness e 0 . It is therefore called “oxidized blank wire”.
- the coil is cooled. For this, conventionally, the coil is exposed to ambient air for the time necessary to cool to room temperature. Step 82 is then complete.
- step 82 the oxidation of the zinc consumes the zinc present in the brass.
- the zinc concentration of the brass of the roughing wire near the zinc oxide layer is generally lower than that of the same brass located at the level of axis 4.
- a step 84 the rough wire, oxidized and cooled, is cold-drawn to obtain the wire 2.
- cold we mean the fact that the drawing step 84 is carried out without heating the rough wire prior to reducing its diameter.
- the diameter reduction coefficient Ci makes it possible to bring the diameter D o of the rough wire to the diameter D 2 desired for the wire 2, i.e. here to a diameter of 0.25 mm.
- step 82 During step 82 and, in particular, during the heat treatment, the brass recrystallizes which reduces the breaking load of the blank wire.
- the breaking load of the oxidized blank wire is much lower than 700 N/mm 2 so that such a wire cannot be used as an electrode wire at this stage.
- the coefficient Ci To obtain a breaking load greater than 700 N/mm 2 , it has been determined that the coefficient Ci must be greater than or equal to 1.3. More precisely, the higher the coefficient Ci, the more the breaking load increases. Thus, preferably, the coefficient Ci is greater than or equal to 1.6 or 2.25 which makes it possible to obtain breaking loads greater than, respectively, 800 N/mm 2 and 900 N/mm 2 .
- the coefficient Ci must also be less than 6 so that the thickness e 0 remains less than 600 nm.
- a coefficient Ci equal to 1.3 requires that the diameter Do be greater than 0.325 mm and less than 1.5 mm.
- the coefficient Ci is chosen equal to two to obtain a breaking load between 700 N/mm 2 and 800 N/mm 2 .
- the oxidized blank wire is drawn under the same conditions as those suitable for a non-oxidized brass wire.
- the diameter reduction is carried out by passing the oxidized blank wire successively through several dies of decreasing diameter so as to gradually reduce the diameter of the oxidized blank wire until reaching the desired diameter D 2 .
- dies with elongations of between 15% and 22% are used.
- a water-soluble lubricant is used.
- the lubricant is an aqueous solution containing the water-soluble lubricant.
- step 84 At the end of step 84, once the diameter D 2 is reached, an in-line stress-relief annealing is performed before its winding.
- This stress-relief annealing makes it possible to minimize the residual stresses in the wire 2 to obtain a straight wire 2 and therefore facilitate its threading into an EDM machine.
- This stress-relief annealing does not modify the composition of the wire 2 and has little effect on its breaking load. For this, the wire 2 is stretched between an upstream pulley and a downstream pulley and the portion of the wire 2 between these two pulleys is heated while the wire 2 runs between these pulleys.
- the portion of the wire 2 stretched between the two pulleys is heated by the Joule effect by passing an electric current through this portion of the wire.
- the temperature and duration of this stress-relieving annealing are much lower than those used in step 82.
- the temperature for stress-relieving annealing is between 300°C and 450°C and its duration is less than 2 s or 3 s.
- the electrode wire is dipped to cool it quickly to room temperature.
- the electrode wire is dipped in a cold bath, i.e. in a bath whose temperature is lower than or equal to room temperature.
- the pulley swallows, in the direction of travel of the wire, dipping in this cold bath.
- the wire passes through the cold bath.
- the cold bath is an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycols (PEG).
- PEG polyethylene glycols
- the average molar mass of the PEG used is between 200 and 1400 g/mol.
- the PEG molecules can be present in the aqueous solution in the form of ethoxylated esters of dicarboxylic acids.
- the concentration of PEG in this aqueous solution is typically between 2% and 20% by volume, the remainder being water.
- a reference EDM machining job was defined. This involves cutting a punch from a 50 mm high piece of steel with guides located less than 0.2 mm from the piece. The cutting is carried out on a CUT200MS machine marketed by the company “GF Machining Solution”. This cutting is carried out in three machining passes, with technology adapted to brass. During each pass, the speed of movement of the part relative to the electrode wire was adapted to cut the punch as quickly as possible with the same final surface condition. Here, this final surface condition corresponds to a roughness Ra of 0.6 pm. More precisely, in the tests carried out, only the speeds of movement of the part relative to the electrode wire of the first and second passes were adapted according to the wire used. The speed of movement of the part relative to the electrode wire during the third pass is the same for all the tests carried out.
- wire 2 allows machining practically as quickly as the “Gamma” wire from the moment when the thickness ei 2 is greater than 100 nm.
- the thickness ei 2 is between 160 nm and 350 nm or between 160 nm and 300 nm.
- the wire 2 produced has a friction resistance equal to or better than that of a standard wire.
- the friction resistance of the wire 2 is less than or equal to 7 mg/km and, preferably, less than 5 mg/km.
- the wire 2 does not foul the wire guide members of an EDM machining machine any more than a standard wire.
- the standard wire is identical to the wire 2 except that it is without a coating.
- the standard wire is therefore made entirely of brass.
- the friction resistance of the wire 2 and the standard wire were measured using the following method:
- Step 1) at room temperature, run 1 km of wire at a speed of 80 m/min under a tension of 12 N on a friction face of a guide 100 (Fig. 3 to 5), the wire coming into contact with this friction face following a rectilinear trajectory 101 parallel to a direction D, then
- FIGs 3 to 5 show in detail the guide 100 used in the method of measuring friction resistance.
- the dimensions indicated are expressed in millimeters.
- the guide 100 is a solid of revolution. Its axis of revolution bears the reference 102.
- the cross-section of the guide 100 shown in FIG. 4 is made along a cutting plane A-A which contains the axis 102.
- A-A which contains the axis 102.
- the guide 100 comprises a friction face 104 whose longitudinal section in the cutting plane A-A forms an arc of a circle which begins at an inlet 106 and ends at an outlet 108.
- the tangent of the arc of a circle at the outlet 108 is parallel to the axis 102.
- the radius of this arc of a circle is equal to 33 mm.
- the orthogonal projection of this arc of a circle on the axis 102 forms a line 19.67 mm long.
- the orthogonal projection of this arc of a circle on a plane perpendicular to the axis 102 forms a line 6.5 mm long.
- the face 104 is extended by a cylindrical face 110 parallel to the axis 102.
- the horizontal section of the face 110 is a circle centered on the axis 102 with a diameter greater than the diameter of the wire.
- the diameter of the face 110 is equal to 1 mm.
- the face 110 ends with a circular orifice 112 which forms the entrance to a truncated cone-shaped face 114.
- the truncated face 114 is centered on the axis 102. This face 114 widens, going downwards, to an outlet orifice 116.
- Face 104 is made of a material much harder than brass and zinc oxide.
- face 104 is made of ceramic. More specifically, the ceramic is zirconia (ZrO 2 ) stabilized with Yttrium (Y). For example, this ceramic comprises about 6% Ytrrium in the form of oxide Y 2 O 3 .
- the guide 100 is entirely made of zirconia (ZrO 2 ) stabilized with Yttrium (Y) in the form of oxide Y 2 O 3 .
- the roughness Ra of the friction face 104 is equal to 0.03 pm. More precisely, the roughness of the face 104 was measured thirty times using the following equipment and settings:
- the average of the thirty measurements obtained is equal to 0.0305 pm and the standard deviation of these thirty measurements is equal to 0.0029 pm.
- the guide 100 is marketed by the company GF Machining Solution® under the term “Inletbush for Brake” with the reference 326864 in their online catalog accessible at the following address: https://ecatalog.gfms.com/gfms/fr/USD/search/326864.
- step 1) the angle p between the direction D and the axis 102 is equal to 30°.
- the wire comes into contact with the face 104 at a point 120 located just after the inlet 106.
- the tangent at the point 120 is parallel to the direction D.
- the wire advances inside the guide 100, passing successively through the inlet 106, then the outlet 108, then the orifice 112 and finally the orifice 116.
- the wire moves along a trajectory 122 coincident with the axis 102. Under these conditions, during step 1), the wire rubs only on the face 104.
- the axis 102 is vertical so that the dust generated by the friction of the wire on the face 104 falls under the orifice 116.
- the falling dust is collected in a container located under the orifice 116.
- the container is a circular adhesive pad three to four centimeters in diameter. This adhesive pad is placed just under the orifice 116 and its adhesive face is turned towards the orifice 116.
- a slot is made in this pad to connect its periphery to its center. This slot allows the wire to be inserted into the pellet until it passes through the center of the pellet.
- step 1) the wire passes through the pellet and the dust sticks to the adhesive side.
- the adhesive pellet is weighed before and after step 1). The difference between these two measurements of the weight of the pellet is equal to the weight of the dust collected.
- the friction resistance measured for the standard wire is 7 mg/km and the friction resistance measured for wire 2 is 2 mg/km.
- Electrode wire variants [89] Electrode wire variants:
- the outer face of layer 12 may be covered with a thin film of the lubricant used during wire drawing step 84.
- step 80 it is not drawn before performing step 82.
- the oxidation step 82 is possible.
- the blank wire instead of placing an entire coil of the blank wire in a furnace, the blank wire is unwound and then passes through a heating tunnel and is then wound again onto a coil at the exit of this tunnel. Inside the tunnel, the temperature is equal to the temperature T furnace .
- the blank wire is heated to the temperature T f0U r portion by portion. Therefore, the problem of the time required to obtain a uniform temperature within an entire coil of the blank wire does not arise. In this case, it is possible to use a higher temperature T furnace and a very short duration D f0U r .
- Oxidation step 82 may also be carried out in a medium other than the Earth's atmosphere.
- step 82 may also be carried out in a medium containing more than 20% or 30%, by volume, of dioxygen.
- the temperature T f0U r varies during the duration D f0U r.
- the temperature T f0U r increases continuously during the duration D f0U r.
- Cooling of the oxidized roughing wire can also be done differently. For example, the furnace is turned off and the coil is left inside the furnace until it reaches room temperature.
- lubricants may be used when drawing the oxidized roughing wire.
- the lubricant used is an aqueous solution of PEG with an average molar mass of between 200 and 1400 g/mol, i.e. the same solution as that used to cool the electrode wire after stress-relieving.
- step 84 the stress-relieving annealing is omitted.
- the electrode wire is simply dipped into the cold PEG bath.
- the dipping into the cold PEG bath is omitted.
- the thickness of the oxide layer is greater than 100 nm improves the machining speed and makes it possible, in particular, to obtain machining speeds close to or greater than that of an electrode wire comprising a fractured coating of gamma-phase copper-zinc alloy such as that described in US8338735B2.
- the thickness of the oxide layer is less than 461 nm makes it possible to improve the adhesion of this oxide layer to the metal core.
- the thickness e 0 is less than 600 nm avoids the tearing off of part of the zinc oxide layer during wire drawing. Since there is no tearing off of part of the zinc oxide layer, the thickness ei 2 is well controlled and reproducible.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480037671.7A CN121240946A (zh) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-05-13 | 电极丝及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2305738A FR3149528A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 | 2023-06-07 | Fil électrode |
| FRFR2305738 | 2023-06-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024251464A1 true WO2024251464A1 (fr) | 2024-12-12 |
Family
ID=88068981
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/063123 Pending WO2024251464A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-05-13 | Fil électrode et procédé de sa fabrication |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN121240946A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3149528A1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW202506302A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024251464A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61103731A (ja) | 1984-10-27 | 1986-05-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ワイヤ−放電加工用電極線の製造方法 |
| JPS61203223A (ja) | 1985-03-04 | 1986-09-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ワイヤ−放電加工用電極線 |
| US20080061038A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2008-03-13 | Thermocompact | Composite Wire For Electrical Discharge Machining |
| US20110290531A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2011-12-01 | Berkenhoff Gmbh | Wire electrode for electrical discharge cutting |
| US8338735B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2012-12-25 | Thermocompact | Electrode wire for spark erosion |
| DE202017106956U1 (de) | 2017-04-21 | 2018-01-11 | HIG Handel mit Industriegütern Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Elektrodendraht für das Elektro-Erosionsverfahren |
| US20190133919A1 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2019-05-09 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Aqueous emulsions of carbamato-functionalized organopolysiloxanes |
| US20190233919A1 (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2019-08-01 | Global Innovative Products, Llc | Alloy coated edm wire |
-
2023
- 2023-06-07 FR FR2305738A patent/FR3149528A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-05-13 CN CN202480037671.7A patent/CN121240946A/zh active Pending
- 2024-05-13 WO PCT/EP2024/063123 patent/WO2024251464A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-06-07 TW TW113121184A patent/TW202506302A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61103731A (ja) | 1984-10-27 | 1986-05-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ワイヤ−放電加工用電極線の製造方法 |
| JPS61203223A (ja) | 1985-03-04 | 1986-09-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ワイヤ−放電加工用電極線 |
| US20080061038A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2008-03-13 | Thermocompact | Composite Wire For Electrical Discharge Machining |
| US8338735B2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2012-12-25 | Thermocompact | Electrode wire for spark erosion |
| US20110290531A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2011-12-01 | Berkenhoff Gmbh | Wire electrode for electrical discharge cutting |
| US20190133919A1 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2019-05-09 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Aqueous emulsions of carbamato-functionalized organopolysiloxanes |
| US20190233919A1 (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2019-08-01 | Global Innovative Products, Llc | Alloy coated edm wire |
| DE202017106956U1 (de) | 2017-04-21 | 2018-01-11 | HIG Handel mit Industriegütern Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Elektrodendraht für das Elektro-Erosionsverfahren |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202506302A (zh) | 2025-02-16 |
| FR3149528A1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
| CN121240946A (zh) | 2025-12-30 |
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