WO2024251490A1 - Réfrigérateur à gaz de cycle et installation de liquéfaction. - Google Patents
Réfrigérateur à gaz de cycle et installation de liquéfaction. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024251490A1 WO2024251490A1 PCT/EP2024/063572 EP2024063572W WO2024251490A1 WO 2024251490 A1 WO2024251490 A1 WO 2024251490A1 EP 2024063572 W EP2024063572 W EP 2024063572W WO 2024251490 A1 WO2024251490 A1 WO 2024251490A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compressors
- cycle
- compressor
- turbine
- parallel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/005—Adaptations for refrigeration plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
- F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0269—Surge control by changing flow path between different stages or between a plurality of compressors; load distribution between compressors
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
- F25B1/053—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of turbine type
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F25B11/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
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- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
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- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/13—Mass flow of refrigerants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/17—Speeds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cycle gas refrigerator and a liquefaction plant.
- Turbo compressors can be placed upstream or downstream of a cycle compressor depending on the process conditions. This arrangement is most commonly found in cycles. Indeed, this arrangement is the simplest for process control because each compressor is independent of each other. This series configuration is made possible by operating conditions favorable to good compression efficiency and adequate working fluids.
- turbo-compressor function involves matching the parameters of the expanded fluid to the compressed fluid so that both functions are performed with maximum efficiency.
- Turbo-compressors must also be able to operate on all the configurations encountered by the refrigerator/liquefier.
- the operating parameters of the turbo-compressor can constrain the possible turbine arrangements, making the process less efficient or more complex.
- An aim of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art noted above.
- the refrigerator according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it comprises at least one motor for driving at least one of the rotating shafts carrying a turbine and a compressor and in that at least the two compressors in parallel coupled to a turbine are each associated with a respective member for measuring the flow rate passing through the compressor concerned and with a respective member for regulating the flow rate admitted into the compressor, for example one or more movable steering members upstream or downstream such as an "IGV", the at least two turbines coupled to the compressors each comprising a respective sensor for measuring the rotation speed of the turbine and a respective system for controlling the rotation speed of the turbine, the refrigerator comprising an electronic control and command member comprising a microprocessor and configured to receive measurements from the flow rate measuring members and the speed measuring sensors and to control the flow rate regulating members.
- the refrigerator comprising an electronic control and command member comprising a microprocessor and configured to receive measurements from the flow rate measuring members and the speed measuring sensors and to control the flow rate regulating members.
- the refrigerator uses at least one motor-turbo-compressor (instead of the turbo-compressor previously described) in order to operate this active control between compressors coupled in parallel via an adjustment of the electrical powers injected into the motor.
- This control could be carried out by a frequency variator of rotation of the said electric motor(s).
- Providing at least one motor makes it possible to control the rotation speed of the corresponding wheels (compressor and turbine) and to stabilize the operation of the coupled compressor and turbine assembly(s), especially if several are installed in parallel. Indeed, in the case of a parallel arrangement, the slightest disturbance can destabilize the assembly and make the operation non-optimal. This can even lead to operating one of the compressors in an unsafe operating zone such as the pumping zone. This disadvantage is eliminated or reduced thanks to the motor(s). This also makes it possible to optimize the operating point of the machines (compressors/turbines).
- the invention also relates to a plant for liquefying a feed gas stream comprising a feed line configured to be connected to a source of feed gas to be liquefied, for example hydrogen, a set of heat exchangers in heat exchange with the feed gas stream carried by the feed line, the plant comprising a refrigerator in heat exchange with the set of heat exchangers and configured to cool the feed gas stream, the refrigerator conforms to any one of the characteristics above or below.
- the invention may also relate to any alternative device or method comprising any combination of the features above or below within the scope of the claims.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial view of an example of structure and operation of a liquefaction installation comprising an example refrigerator according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial view illustrating an example of operation of an electronic control and command device of the refrigerator.
- the illustrated cycle gas refrigerator 2 comprising a cycle circuit 3 containing a cycle gas comprising at least one of: nitrogen, helium, hydrogen.
- the cycle circuit 3 is configured to subject the cycle fluid to a thermodynamic cycle to bring the cycle fluid to a determined cryogenic temperature at at least one end of the cycle circuit 3. As illustrated in , this cold power produced can be used to cool a feed gas stream 18 such as hydrogen for example via a set of heat exchangers 19.
- the feed gas stream can be supplied to a first end of a feed line 18 by a source 19.
- a second end of the feed line can be connected to a storage for recovering the cooled (liquefied) feed gas.
- the cold power produced can be used to liquefy the cycle gas itself which can be recovered.
- the cycle circuit 3 comprises, preferably arranged in series in the cycle circuit 3, a cycle fluid compression mechanism 4, a cycle fluid cooling system 5, 6, 7, 8, a cycle fluid expansion mechanism 10 and a cycle fluid heating system.
- the cycle fluid expansion mechanism 10 comprises at least two turbines 10 mounted in rotation on respective rotating shafts 11, preferably arranged in series in the cycle circuit 3.
- the compression mechanism comprises at least three rotary compressors 4 arranged in parallel in the cycle circuit 3 and mounted respectively on three rotating shafts. At least two of the rotating shafts of the compressors 4 are coupled respectively to the turbines 10 to recover the expansion work of the cycle fluid for the compression of the cycle fluid.
- the cooling system and the cycle gas reheating system may comprise one or more heat exchangers, in particular one or more counter-current heat exchangers ensuring a heat exchange between relatively cold and hot flows of the cycle.
- the refrigerator 2 comprises at least one motor 12 for driving at least one of the rotating shafts 11 carrying a turbine 10 and a compressor 4. That is to say that at least one of the compressor pairs coupled to a turbine (turbo-compressor) is a motor-turbo-compressor.
- At least the two compressors 4 in parallel coupled to a turbine 11 are each associated with a respective member 9 for measuring the flow rate passing through the compressor 4 concerned (for example a flow meter) and with a respective member 14 for regulating the flow rate admitted into the compressor 4.
- the respective flow regulation member 14 admitted into the compressor 4 is for example one or more movable guide members arranged upstream and/or downstream such as an “IGV” (Inlet Guide Vane).
- the respective flow regulation member 14 admitted into the compressor 4 may be a bypass (controlled diversion of the flow supplying the compressor or compression stage concerned).
- the turbines 10 coupled to the compressors 4 each preferably comprise a respective sensor 17 for measuring the rotation speed of the turbine 10 and a respective system 15, 16 for controlling the rotation speed of the turbine 10.
- the refrigerator 1 comprising an electronic control and command member 20 comprising a microprocessor and configured to receive measurements from the flow rate measuring members 9 and the speed measuring sensors 17 and to control the flow rate regulating members 14, 16 and/or motor(s) 12. Cf. .
- Flow control may be achieved using an external actuator, for example an "IGV” arranged upstream of the compressor, an “IGV” arranged downstream of the compressor, a controlled vane diffuser, a compressor bypass line and valve 4.
- an external actuator for example an "IGV” arranged upstream of the compressor, an “IGV” arranged downstream of the compressor, a controlled vane diffuser, a compressor bypass line and valve 4.
- An admitted flow regulation member 14 may be common to several of the compressors in parallel.
- the system 15, 16 for controlling the rotation speed of the turbine 10 may comprise, for example: an “IGV” which may be variable at the input and/or a throttling valve and/or a turbine bypass valve.
- This speed control system may regulate a rotation speed which is preferably the same target for each machine.
- the use of at least one motor to drive a compressor coupled to a turbine of the parallel sets makes it possible to control the rotation speed of the compressor(s)/turbine(s) set, whatever the operating conditions around the turbine and the compressor.
- the power of the motor can be adapted according to the power of the turbine and that required by the compressor. This makes it possible to stabilize the operation of the rotating machines (compressors/turbines). This is particularly interesting compared to an arrangement of turbo-compressors in parallel (without motors), which can quickly be destabilized.
- the proposed arrangement also makes it possible to adjust the rotation speed so as to optimize the operation of the machines.
- the motor(s) make it possible to increase the power of the compressor concerned with respect to that of the associated turbine. This provides better operation (depending on the cycle configuration).
- the gas flow rate through each turbine can be determined by its distributor geometry, unless a control system (such as an IGV/expansion valve upstream of the equipment for example) can adjust it to some extent.
- a control system such as an IGV/expansion valve upstream of the equipment for example
- the total cycle flow rate can be determined by the turbine flow rate (with possibly also a possible flow rate sent to a cold end of the cycle). This total flow rate is compressed in the compression mechanism.
- the distribution of this total flow rate between compressors in parallel can be achieved either passively (typically via a very similar hydraulic circuit) or "actively" (for example via an IGV, throttle valve, etc.). In the end, the entire cycle gas flow rate is compressed.
- the fluid circuit leading to each compressor is configured to have the same characteristics in terms of pressure loss in particular (reproduction of obstacles for the gas: same number of bends/developed lengths of pipes, etc.).
- This configuration is particularly advantageous or efficient when the compressor/turbine speeds and compressor mechanical powers are identical for each compressor.
- the mechanical power of the compressor which is for example either:
- the cycle circuit comprises three drive motors 12 configured to drive respectively three rotating shafts 11 of three rotating compressors 4 arranged in parallel in the cycle circuit 3.
- the three compressors 4 in parallel are coupled respectively to three turbines 11.
- this configuration is not limiting.
- any other configuration for example: more than two compressors, turbines in series and/or in parallel (the architecture being adapted to balance the powers of the turbines on each of the shafts which connect them to the compressors).
- at least one wheel compressor/turbine
- the number of motors driving the compressors is preferably greater than two.
- the 4 compressors arranged in parallel have identical pressure differentials (between their inlet and outlet). However, the flow rates within these 4 compressors in parallel can fluctuate and be different. This can generate problems and instabilities when the 4 compressors in parallel are identical.
- the control described above makes it possible to correct this problem.
- the control also makes it possible to regulate the rotation speed of the turbines 10 coupled to a determined operating point, in particular the optimum operating point of the turbine, i.e. at its maximum efficiency.
- the electronic control and command unit 20 can be configured to additionally control the speeds of the motor(s) 12 of the motor-turbo-compressors in parallel, for example via a frequency variator (electric motor). This motor speed makes it possible to set the optimum operating point of the turbines and compressors.
- a frequency variator electric motor
- the electronic control and command unit 20 can be configured to apply an identical rotation speed instruction for the turbines 10 coupled to the compressors 4.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- les compresseurs en parallèle sont identiques, l’organe électronique de contrôle et de commande étant configuré pour appliquer une consigne de débit admis dans les compresseur qui est identique pour tous les compresseurs en parallèle,
- l’organe électronique de contrôle et de commande est configuré pour appliquer une consigne de vitesse de rotation identique pour les turbines accouplées aux compresseurs,
- l’organe de régulation de débit admis dans le compresseur comprend, au moins l’un parmi : un ou des organes directeurs mobiles, une vanne guide d’entrée « IGV » disposée en amont, un diffuseur à aubages variables en aval de la roue du compresseur, un système de bypass du compresseur,
- le réfrigérateur comporte un organe de régulation de débit admis dans le compresseur commun à au moins plusieurs des compresseurs en parallèle,
- le système de contrôle de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine comprend au moins l’un parmi : une vanne guide d’entrée «IGV», une vanne de laminage, un système de bypass de la turbine,
- le réfrigérateur comprend trois moteurs d’entraînement ou plus configurés pour assurer l’entraînement respectivement des trois arbres tournants des trois compresseurs rotatifs disposés en parallèle dans le circuit de cycle,
- l’organe électronique de contrôle et de commande est configuré pour piloter les vitesses du ou des moteurs,
- le ou les moteurs sont du type électrique et l’organe électronique de contrôle et de commande est configuré pour commander la vitesse de rotation du ou des moteurs pour réaliser le même taux de compression dans chaque compresseur.
Claims (9)
- Réfrigérateur (2) à gaz de cycle, comprenant un circuit (3) de cycle contenant un gaz de cycle comprenant au moins l’un parmi : de l’azote, de l’hélium, de l’hydrogène, le circuit (3) de cycle étant configuré pour soumettre le fluide de cycle à un cycle thermodynamique pour amener le fluide de cycle à une température cryogénique déterminée à au moins une extrémité du circuit (3) de cycle, le circuit (3) de cycle comprenant un mécanisme (4) de compression du fluide de cycle, un mécanisme (5, 6, 7, 8) de refroidissement du fluide de cycle, un mécanisme (10) de détente du fluide de cycle, dans lequel le mécanisme (10) de détente du fluide de cycle comprend au moins deux turbines (10) montées en rotation sur des arbres (11) tournants respectifs, le mécanisme de compression comprenant au moins trois compresseurs (4) rotatifs disposés en parallèle dans le circuit (3) de cycle et montés respectivement sur trois arbres tournants, au moins deux des arbres tournants étant accouplés respectivement, aux turbines (10) pour récupérer du travail de détente du fluide de cycle pour la compression du fluide de cycle, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend au moins un moteur (12) d’entraînement de l’un au moins des arbres (11) tournants portant un turbine (10) et un compresseur (4) et en ce qu’au moins les deux compresseurs (4) en parallèle accouplés à une turbine (10) sont associés chacun un organe (9) respectif de mesure du débit passant par le compresseur (4) concerné et à un organe (14) respectif de régulation de débit admis dans le compresseur (4), par exemple un ou des organes directeurs mobiles en amont ou en aval tel qu’un « IGV », les au moins deux turbines (10) accouplées aux compresseurs (4) comprenant chacune un capteur (17) respectif de mesure de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine (10) et un système (15, 16) respectif de contrôle de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine (10), le réfrigérateur (1) comprenant un organe (20) électronique de contrôle et de commande comprenant un microprocesseur et configuré recevoir des mesures des organes (9) de mesure du débit et des capteurs (17) de mesure de la vitesse et commander les organes (14) de régulation de débit et en ce que les compresseurs en parallèle sont identiques, l’organe (20) électronique de contrôle et de commande étant configuré pour appliquer une consigne de débit admis dans les compresseur (4) qui est identique pour tous les compresseurs (4) en parallèle.
- Réfrigérateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l’organe (20) électronique de contrôle et de commande est configuré pour appliquer une consigne de vitesse de rotation identique pour les turbines (10) accouplées aux compresseurs (4).
- Réfrigérateur selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que l’organe (14) de régulation de débit admis dans le compresseur (4) comprend, au moins l’un parmi : un ou des organes directeurs mobiles, une vanne guide d’entrée « IGV » disposée en amont, un diffuseur à aubages variables en aval de la roue du compresseur, un système de bypass du compresseur.
- Réfrigérateur selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu’il comporte un organe (14) de régulation de débit admis dans le compresseur (4) commun à au moins plusieurs des compresseurs en parallèle.
- Réfrigérateur selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le système (15, 16) de contrôle de la vitesse de rotation de la turbine (10) comprend au moins l’un parmi : une vanne guide d’entrée «IGV», une vanne de laminage, un système de bypass de la turbine.
- Réfrigérateur selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend trois moteurs (12) d’entraînement ou plus configurés pour assurer l’entraînement respectivement des trois arbres (11) tournants des trois compresseurs (4) rotatifs disposés en parallèle dans le circuit (3) de cycle.
- Réfrigérateur selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l’organe (20) électronique de contrôle et de commande est configuré pour piloter les vitesses du ou des moteurs (12).
- Réfrigérateur selon la revendication 7 caractérisé en ce que le ou les moteurs (12) sont du type électrique et l’organe (20) électronique de contrôle et de commande est configuré pour commander la vitesse de rotation du ou des moteurs (12) pour réaliser le même taux de compression dans chaque compresseur.
- Installation de liquéfaction d’un flux de gaz d’alimentation comprenant une conduite (18) d’alimentation configurée pour être reliée à une source (19) de gaz d’alimentation à liquéfier, par exemple de l’hydrogène, un ensemble d’échangeurs (19) de chaleur en échange thermique avec le flux de gaz d’alimentation véhiculé par la conduite (18) d’alimentation, l’installation (2) comprenant un réfrigérateur (2) en échange thermique avec l’ensemble d’échangeurs (19) de chaleur et configuré pour refroidir le flux de gaz d’alimentation, caractérisée en ce que le réfrigérateur (2) est conforme à l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2024285178A AU2024285178A1 (en) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-05-16 | Cycle gas refrigerator and liquefaction facility |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2305700 | 2023-06-07 | ||
| FR2305700A FR3149676B1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 | 2023-06-07 | Réfrigérateur à gaz de cycle et installation de liquéfaction. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024251490A1 true WO2024251490A1 (fr) | 2024-12-12 |
Family
ID=88413832
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/063572 Pending WO2024251490A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-05-16 | Réfrigérateur à gaz de cycle et installation de liquéfaction. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2024285178A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3149676B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024251490A1 (fr) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01102289A (ja) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | ヘリウム液化冷凍装置 |
| US20090232663A1 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-17 | Saul Mirsky | Compressor-Expander Set Critical Speed Avoidance |
| WO2009130466A2 (fr) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-29 | Statoilhydro Asa | Procédé de détente double d'azote |
| KR20110084749A (ko) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-07-26 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치 |
| US20110318160A1 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Gabriele Mariotti | Turboexpander and method for using moveable inlet guide vanes at compressor inlet |
| US20150168057A1 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process for producing liquid nitrogen |
| WO2022171485A1 (fr) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Dispositif et procédé de liquéfaction d'un fluide tel que l'hydrogène et/ou de l'hélium |
-
2023
- 2023-06-07 FR FR2305700A patent/FR3149676B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-05-16 AU AU2024285178A patent/AU2024285178A1/en active Pending
- 2024-05-16 WO PCT/EP2024/063572 patent/WO2024251490A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01102289A (ja) * | 1987-10-16 | 1989-04-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | ヘリウム液化冷凍装置 |
| US20090232663A1 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-17 | Saul Mirsky | Compressor-Expander Set Critical Speed Avoidance |
| WO2009130466A2 (fr) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-10-29 | Statoilhydro Asa | Procédé de détente double d'azote |
| KR20110084749A (ko) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-07-26 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | 증발가스용 재액화장치에 구비되는 냉각장치 |
| US20110318160A1 (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Gabriele Mariotti | Turboexpander and method for using moveable inlet guide vanes at compressor inlet |
| US20150168057A1 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process for producing liquid nitrogen |
| WO2022171485A1 (fr) * | 2021-02-10 | 2022-08-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Dispositif et procédé de liquéfaction d'un fluide tel que l'hydrogène et/ou de l'hélium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2024285178A1 (en) | 2026-01-15 |
| FR3149676B1 (fr) | 2025-04-25 |
| FR3149676A1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
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