WO2024251699A1 - Materialien für organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen - Google Patents
Materialien für organische elektrolumineszenzvorrichtungen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024251699A1 WO2024251699A1 PCT/EP2024/065262 EP2024065262W WO2024251699A1 WO 2024251699 A1 WO2024251699 A1 WO 2024251699A1 EP 2024065262 W EP2024065262 W EP 2024065262W WO 2024251699 A1 WO2024251699 A1 WO 2024251699A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
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- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent
- C09K11/06—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
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- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/624—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing six or more rings
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to 4H-naphtho[1,2,3,4-def]carbazoles, mixtures and formulations containing them, and electronic devices containing these compounds, in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing these compounds as matrix materials, electron transport materials or hole blocking materials.
- organic electroluminescent devices containing these compounds as matrix materials, electron transport materials or hole blocking materials.
- Phosphorescent organometallic complexes are often used in organic electroluminescent devices (OLEDs).
- OLEDs organic electroluminescent devices
- OLEDs organic electroluminescent devices
- the properties of phosphorescent OLEDs are not only determined by the triplet emitters used.
- the other materials used, such as matrix materials, are also of particular importance here.
- carbazole derivatives, dibenzofuran derivatives, indenocarbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, benzofurocarbazole derivatives and benzothienocarbazole derivatives are used as matrix materials for phosphorescent emitters.
- WO2018060218 A1 KR20220135761 A, KR20220063428 A and WO22207678 A1
- special diazadibenzofuran-carbazole derivatives or diazadibenzothiophene-carbazole derivatives are described as matrix materials, among others.
- CN110437241 A and special 4H-naphtho[1,2,3,4- def]carbazole derivatives are described as matrix materials, among others.
- KR20210036304 A, KR20210034528 A, WO22038065 A1, CN115073356 A, CN112062753 A and US2022263031 A1 complex carbazole derivatives are described, among other things, as matrix materials. In general, there is still room for improvement with these materials, particularly for use as matrix materials.
- the object of the present invention is to provide compounds which are particularly suitable for use as Matrix material, electron transport material or hole blocking material in a phosphorescent OLED.
- the object of the present invention is to provide matrix materials that lead to an improved lifetime. This applies in particular to the use of a low to medium emitter concentration, ie emitter concentrations in the order of 3 to 20%, in particular 3 to 15%, since the device lifetime is limited in particular here.
- electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to the following formula (1) exhibit improvements over the prior art, in particular when using the compounds as matrix material for phosphorescent dopants.
- the combination of at least one compound of the formula (1) as a first host material and at least one hole-transporting compound for example in combination with one or more compounds of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5) or (HH-6), as a further host material or further host materials in a light-emitting layer of an organic electronic device, in particular an organic electroluminescent device, solves this problem and eliminates the disadvantages of the prior art.
- a first object of the present invention is a compound according to formula (1),
- L is, identically or differently at each occurrence, a single bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ;
- V is O or S
- R# is at each occurrence independently D, F, CN or phenyl which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 ;
- [R#]a2 represents a monosubstitution, a disubstitution, the maximum allowed substitution or no substitution with R#;
- Ar is, identically or differently at each occurrence, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more radicals R;
- Ar2 are independently an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R;
- Ars is an aromatic ring system with 6 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R, or a heteroaromatic
- Ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R and wherein the heteroaromatic ring system contains one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S, Se or Si;
- AM is, at each occurrence, the same or different, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more radicals R;
- R is, identically or differently, selected at each occurrence from the group consisting of D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by O or S and where one or more H atoms may be replaced by D, F or CN;
- (D) a , (D) b, (D) c represent a monosubstitution, a disubstitution, a trisubstitution, the maximum allowed substitution or no substitution with deuterium; a1 is O, 1 or 2.
- the invention further relates to a mixture comprising at least one compound of formula (1) as described above or preferably described later and at least one further compound selected from the group of matrix materials, phosphorescent emitters, fluorescent emitters and/or emitters which exhibit TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence).
- TADF thermalally activated delayed fluorescence
- the invention further relates to a formulation comprising at least one compound of formula (1), as described above or preferably described later, or a mixture as described above, and at least one solvent.
- Another object of the invention is the use of a compound according to formula (1) in an organic electronic device.
- Another object of the invention is an organic electronic, preferably electroluminescent, device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one organic layer containing at least one compound of formula (1), as described above or preferably described later.
- Another object of the invention is a method for producing an organic electronic, preferably electroluminescent, device, as described above or preferably described below, characterized in that the organic layer is applied by vapor deposition or from solution.
- D or “D atom” refers to deuterium.
- An aryl group in the sense of this invention contains 6 to 40 ring atoms, preferably C atoms.
- a heteroaryl group in the sense of this invention contains 5 to 40 ring atoms, where the ring atoms comprise C atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of C atoms and heteroatoms is at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aryl group or heteroaryl group is understood to be either a simple aromatic cycle, i.e.
- phenyl derived from benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example derived from pyridine, pyrimidine or thiophene, or a condensed aryl or heteroaryl group, for example derived from naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline or isoquinoline.
- An aryl group with 6 to 18 carbon atoms is therefore preferably phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or triphenylenyl, whereby the attachment of the aryl group as a substituent is not restricted.
- the aryl or heteroaryl group in the sense of this invention can carry one or more radicals, whereby the suitable radical is described below. If no such radical is described, the aryl group or heteroaryl group is not substituted.
- An aromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 6 to 40 C atoms in the ring system.
- the aromatic ring system also includes aryl groups, as previously described.
- An aromatic ring system with 6 to 18 C atoms is preferably selected from phenyl, fully deuterated phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl and triphenylenyl.
- a heteroaromatic ring system in the sense of this invention contains 5 to 40 ring atoms and at least one heteroatom.
- a preferred heteroaromatic ring system has 9 to 40 ring atoms and at least one heteroatom.
- the heteroaromatic ring system also includes heteroaryl groups, as described above.
- the heteroatoms in the heteroaromatic ring system are preferably selected from N, O and/or S.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system within the meaning of this invention is understood to mean a system which does not necessarily only contain aryl or heteroaryl groups, but in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups can also be interrupted by a non-aromatic unit (preferably less than 10% of the atoms other than H), such as a C or O atom or a carbonyl group.
- a non-aromatic unit preferably less than 10% of the atoms other than H
- systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-dialkylfluorene, 9,9-diarylfluorene, diaryl ethers, stilbene, etc.
- aromatic or heteroaromatic ring systems within the meaning of this invention, as are systems in which two or more aryl groups are interrupted, for example by a linear or cyclic alkyl group or by a silyl group.
- systems in which two or more aryl or heteroaryl groups are directly bonded to one another such as e.g. B. biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl or bipyridine, are also included in the definition of the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system with 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can be linked to the aromatic or heteroaromatic ring via any position, is understood to mean, for example, groups derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, benzanthracene, phenanthrene, benzophenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, benzfluoranthene, naphthacene, pentacene, benzopyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenylene, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene, tetrahydropyrene, cis- or trans-indenofluorene, cis- or trans-monobenzoindenofluorene, cis- or trans-dibenzoindenofluorene, tru
- Ar, An, Ar2 and An mean, identically or differently on each occurrence, an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms which may be substituted by one or more radicals R, where the radical R or the substituents R have a meaning as described above or below.
- R radicals
- Ar and An and Ar2 and An is described below.
- Ars stands, identically or differently on each occurrence, for an aromatic ring system having 6 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R, or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R, where the heteroaromatic ring system contains one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S, Se or Si, where the radical R or the substituents R has/have a meaning as described above or below.
- a preferred meaning of Ars is described below.
- Ars stands, identically or differently on each occurrence, for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 7 , where the radical R 7 or the substituents R 7 have a meaning as described above or below.
- R 7 radicals R 7
- Ars A preferred meaning of Ars is described below.
- the phrase that two or more residues can form a ring with each other is to be understood to mean, among other things, that the two residues are linked to each other by a chemical bond with formal elimination of two hydrogen atoms. This is illustrated by the following scheme: Furthermore, the above formulation should also be understood to mean that if one of the two residues represents hydrogen, the second residue binds to the position to which the hydrogen atom was bound, forming a ring. This is illustrated by the following scheme:
- a cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkyl group within the meaning of this invention is understood to mean a monocyclic, a bicyclic or a polycyclic group.
- Ci- to C2o-alkyl group is understood to mean, for example, the radicals methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neo-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, s-hexyl, t-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, neo-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclopentyl, 2-methylpentyl, n-heptyl, 2-heptyl, 3-heptyl, 4-heptyl
- the index a1 means 0, 1 or 2, the position of the substituents R° being unrestricted when they occur.
- R°, (D) a , (D) b, (D) c , L and Rx have a meaning mentioned above or preferred below.
- the radical R° is, on each occurrence, identically or differently, preferably F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , an aromatic ring system having 6 to 40 ring atoms, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , dibenzofuranyl or dibenzothiophenyl, each of which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 or corresponds to one of the formulas (1-1), (1-2), (1-3) or (1-4), where An, Ar2, Ars, AR, a1, V, R# and [R#]a2 have a meaning given above or given below as preferred.
- the radical R° is, identically or differently at each occurrence, particularly preferably F, CN, phenyl, 1,2-biphenyl, 1,3-biphenyl or 1,4-biphenyl, where phenyl, 1,2-biphenyl, 1,3-biphenyl or 1,4-biphenyl may be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 .
- Particularly preferred compounds of the formula (1) are the compounds of the formulas (1a), (1b) and (1c) in which Rx corresponds to a formula (1-1) or (1-2), where R°, a1, (D) a , (D)b, (D)c, L, [R#]a2, R#, V, An, Ar2, Ars and An have a meaning mentioned above or mentioned as preferred below.
- Preferred compounds of formula (1) are further compounds of formula (1 d),
- Particularly preferred compounds of the formula (1) are the compounds of the formulas (1d) and (1e), ie compounds of the formula (1) in which Rx corresponds to a formula (1-1) or (1-2), where R 0 , a1, (D) a , (D) b , (D) c , L, [R#] a2 , R#, V, Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 and Ar 4 have a meaning given above or given below with preference.
- Particularly preferred compounds of the formulas (1d) and (1e) are compounds of the formulas (1h) to (1m),
- the linker L in compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (1l) and (1m) is a bond or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system of the formulas L-1 to L-34, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 : where the dashed lines represent the connection to the rest of the formula
- Vi means O, S or Se and where R 1 has a meaning given above or below.
- L in compounds of formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) is a single bond.
- the linker L in compounds of the formulae (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) is a single bond or it is selected from the group of linkers L-1 to L-30, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , where R 1 has a meaning given above or given below.
- R 1 has a meaning given above or given below.
- Vi is preferably O or S, particularly preferably O.
- linkers L-1 to L-30 which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1
- the following linkers are preferably selected: L-2, L-3, L-4, L-7, L-8, L-12, L-15, L-20, L-22, L-26, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , where R 1 has a meaning given above or given below.
- L in compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) is the linker L-15, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 1 , where R 1 has a meaning given above or below.
- the substituent R 1 when identical or different, is preferably selected from the group D, F, CN, Si(Ar)3 or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, where Ar has a meaning mentioned above.
- the substituent R 1 when identical or different, is preferably D, phenyl or dibenzofuranyl.
- Ar in Si(Ar)3 is preferably identical and is an aromatic ring system having 6 to 20 ring atoms, which can be substituted by one or more radicals R.
- R in Ar is preferably D, F or CN, particularly preferably D.
- Ar is particularly preferably selected from non-deuterated, partially deuterated or fully deuterated phenyl, 1,4-biphenyl, 1,3-biphenyl or 1,2-biphenyl.
- the substituent R 1 is particularly preferably D.
- V in the formulas (1-1) to (1-4) or in compounds of the formulas (1d) to (1m) as described above preferably represents O.
- the invention accordingly further relates to compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f) or (1g), as described above with linkers L, as described above or preferably described, in which V is O.
- the compounds of formulae (1), (1a), 1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) are deuterated compounds, it is possible during their preparation, provided that the preparation is chosen by reacting a non-deuterated compound of one of formulae (1), (1a), 1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) with a deuteration source or provided that deuterated starting compounds are chosen during the preparation which are a mixture of deuterated starting compounds, that a mixture of deuterated products of the same basic chemical structure is formed which differ only in the degree of deuteration and/or the deuteration patterns.
- the compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) are deuterated, wherein the (average) degree of deuteration of the compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) is preferably at least 10%mol to 100mol%, particularly preferably 50mol% to 95mol% and very particularly preferably 70mol% to 90mol%.
- a suitable method for deuterating a compound by replacing one or more H atoms with D atoms is to treat the compound to be deuterated in the presence of a platinum catalyst or palladium catalyst and a deuterium source.
- deuterium source means any compound that contains one or more D atoms and can release them under suitable conditions.
- the platinum catalyst is preferably dry platinum on carbon, preferably 5% dry platinum on carbon.
- the palladium catalyst is preferably dry palladium on carbon, preferably 5% dry palladium on carbon.
- a suitable deuterium source is D2O, benzene-d6, chloroform-d, acetonitrile-d3, acetone-d6, acetic acid-d4, methanol-d4 or toluene-d8.
- a preferred deuterium source is D2O or a combination of D2O and a fully deuterated organic solvent.
- a particularly preferred deuterium source is the combination of D2O with a fully deuterated organic solvent, the fully deuterated solvent being not limited here.
- Particularly suitable fully deuterated solvents are benzene-d6 and toluene-d8.
- a particularly preferred deuterium source is a combination of D2O and toluene-d8.
- the reaction is preferably carried out with heating, more preferably with heating to temperatures between 100 °C and 200 °C. Furthermore, the reaction is preferably carried out under pressure.
- (D) a , (D) b and (D) c represent no substitution. In one embodiment of the invention, (D) a , (D) b and (D) c represent maximum substitution.
- R# is preferably on each occurrence independently of one another D, F, CN or a non-deuterated, partially deuterated or fully deuterated phenyl, particularly preferably D. If R# is D, [R#] a 2 preferably represents the maximum permissible substitution. If R# is F or CN, [R#] a 2 preferably represents monosubstitution or disubstitution.
- [R#] a 2 preferably represents monosubstitution.
- [R#]a2 in compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) or in preferred compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) does not represent a substitution.
- Y at each occurrence is the same or different as O, S, NAr or C(R)2,
- R is methyl or phenyl, o 9
- RH R or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R;
- the dashed bond represents the bond to the radical of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m);
- Y is preferably O, S, NAr or C(CH3)2. Y is most preferably O.
- Ar is preferably phenyl, 1,2-biphenyl, 1,3-biphenyl, 1,4-biphenyl, triphenylenyl, dibenzofuranyl or dibenzothiophenyl, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R, where R has a meaning mentioned above or mentioned as preferred.
- Ar is particularly preferably phenyl, 1,2-biphenyl, 1,3-biphenyl or 1,4-biphenyl.
- the substituent R when identical or different, is preferably selected from the group D, F, CN or a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms, where one or more H atoms of the alkyl group may be replaced by D, F or CN.
- the substituent R when occurring, is preferably D or F, particularly
- R in Ar is preferably D, F or CN, particularly preferably D. o
- the substituent R is preferably selected on each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN or an aromatic ring system having 6 to 30 ring atoms, which may each be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 .
- the o is preferably selected on each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of H, D, F, CN or an aromatic ring system having 6 to 30 ring atoms, which may each be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 .
- Substituent R is particularly preferably selected, identically or differently at each occurrence, from the group consisting of H, D, non-deuterated or partially or fully deuterated phenyl, 1,4-biphenyl, 1-3-biphenyl or 1,2-biphenyl.
- Ar2 and AM on each occurrence preferably represent a group selected from Ar-1 to Ar-28 and Ar-33 to Ar-35, as described above or particularly preferably represent a group selected from Ar-1 to Ar-4, Ar-12 to Ar-16, Ar-21 to Ar-27 and Ar-33 to Ar-35, as described above.
- Ar2 in the formula (1-1) or in compounds of the formulas (1 d), (1h), (1 i) and (1j) represents the group Ar-2, where o
- R has a meaning previously specified or preferred.
- (lm) represents the group Ar-2, where R has a meaning given previously or preferred.
- AM in the formula (1-3), the formula (1-4) or in compounds of the formulas (1f) and (1g) represents the group Ar-1 or o
- Ars preferably represents a group selected from Ar-1 to Ar-15, Ar-17 to Ar-28 and Ar-33 to Ar-35, as previously described, with the proviso that Y represents O, S or C(R) 2 or particularly preferably represents a group selected from Ar-1 to Ar-4, Ar-12 to Ar-15, Ar-21 to Ar-27 o and Ar-33 to Ar-35, as previously described, with the proviso that Y represents O, S or C(R) 2 .
- the compounds of formula (1) can be obtained in high purity, preferably more than 99% (determined by 1 H-NMR and/or HPLC).
- formulations of the compounds according to the invention or of mixtures of compounds according to the invention with further functional materials are required.
- these formulations can be, for example, solutions, dispersions or emulsions. It may be preferable to use mixtures of two or more solvents for this purpose.
- a suitable formulation is a formulation comprising at least one compound according to the invention, as described above, or a mixture according to the invention, as described below, and at least one solvent.
- the solvent can be a solvent mentioned above or a mixture of these solvents.
- the compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m) according to the invention, as described above or preferably are suitable for use in an organic electroluminescent device, in particular as a matrix material.
- the compound according to the invention is used as matrix material or synonymously host material in an emitting layer, it is preferably used in combination with another compound.
- the invention therefore further relates to a mixture comprising at least one compound of the formula (1) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m), or a compound of Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E45 and at least one further compound selected from the group of matrix materials, phosphorescent emitters, fluorescent emitters and/or emitters which exhibit TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence). Suitable matrix materials and emitters which can be used in this mixture according to the invention are described below.
- the present invention further provides an organic electronic device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one organic layer, containing at least one compound of the formula (1) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m), or a compound of Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E45.
- the organic electronic device can be selected from, for example, organic integrated circuits (OLCs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic thin film transistors (OTFTs), organic electroluminescent devices, organic solar cells (OSCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors.
- OLCs organic integrated circuits
- OFETs organic field effect transistors
- OTFTs organic thin film transistors
- O electroluminescent devices organic solar cells (OSCs), organic optical detectors, organic photoreceptors.
- the organic electronic device is an organic electroluminescent device.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is, for example, an organic light-emitting transistor ( ⁇ LET), an organic field quench device (OFQD), an organic light-emitting electrochemical cell (OLEC, LEG, LEEC), an organic laser diode (O-laser) or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED).
- ⁇ LET organic light-emitting transistor
- OFQD organic field quench device
- OLED organic light-emitting electrochemical cell
- O-laser organic laser diode
- OLED organic light-emitting diode
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is in particular a organic light-emitting diode or an organic light-emitting electrochemical cell.
- the device according to the invention is particularly preferably an OLED.
- the organic layer of the device according to the invention preferably contains, in addition to a light-emitting layer (EML), a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), an electron injection layer (EIL), an exciton blocking layer, an electron blocking layer and/or charge generation layers.
- EML light-emitting layer
- HIL hole injection layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- HBL hole blocking layer
- ETL electron transport layer
- EIL electron injection layer
- EIL electron injection layer
- exciton blocking layer an electron blocking layer and/or charge generation layers.
- the device according to the invention can also contain several layers from this group, preferably selected from EML, HIL, HTL, ETL, EIL and HBL. Interlayers which, for example, have an exciton blocking function can also be introduced between two emitting layers.
- emission layers are present, these preferably have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, so that overall white emission results, i.e. different emitting compounds that can fluoresce or phosphoresce are used in the emitting layers.
- Several fluorescent and/or phosphorescent compounds can also be contained in an emitting layer. Systems with three emitting layers are particularly preferred, with the three layers showing blue, green and orange or red emission. As an alternative to the combination as described above, an emitting layer can also show yellow emission. Such combinations are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention can also be a tandem electroluminescent device, in particular for white-emitting OLEDs.
- the device may also contain inorganic materials or layers made entirely of inorganic materials.
- a large number of materials known in the art are suitable for use in the layers of the organic electroluminescent device described above.
- common considerations regarding the chemical and physical properties of the materials must be taken into account, since the materials in an organic electroluminescent device are interrelated with one another. This applies, for example, to the energy positions of the orbitals (HOMO, LUMO) or the position of triplet and singlet energies, but also other material properties.
- the compound of formula (1) according to the invention, as described above or preferably described can be used in different layers, depending on the precise structure.
- an organic electroluminescent device containing a compound according to formula (1) or the preferred embodiments described above in an emitting layer as matrix material for fluorescent emitters, phosphorescent emitters or for emitters that exhibit TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence), in particular for phosphorescent emitters.
- the compound according to the invention can also be used in an electron transport layer and/or in a hole transport layer and/or in an exciton blocking layer and/or in a hole blocking layer.
- the compound according to the invention is particularly preferably used as matrix material in an emitting layer or as electron transport or hole blocking material in an electron transport or hole blocking layer.
- the present invention further provides an organic electronic device as described above, wherein the organic layer contains at least one light-emitting layer which contains at least one compound of the formula (1) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m), or a compound of Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E45.
- the organic layer contains at least one light-emitting layer which contains at least one compound of the formula (1) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m), or a compound of Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E45.
- At least one further matrix material is selected for the device according to the invention in the light-emitting layer, which is used with compounds of the formula (1), as described above or preferably described, or with the compounds of Table 1 or the compounds E1 to E45.
- a further subject matter of the present invention is therefore an organic electronic device as described above, wherein the organic layer contains at least one light-emitting layer which contains at least one compound of the formula (1) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m), or a compound of Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E45 and at least one further matrix material.
- a further subject matter of the present invention is therefore an organic electronic device as described above, wherein the organic layer contains at least one light-emitting layer which comprises at least one compound of the formula (1) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulae (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m), or a compound of the Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E45 and two other matrix materials.
- the organic layer contains at least one light-emitting layer which comprises at least one compound of the formula (1) or at least one preferred compound of one of the formulae (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m), or a compound of the Table 1 or one of the compounds E1 to E45 and two other matrix materials.
- Suitable matrix materials which can be used in combination with the compounds according to the invention are aromatic ketones, aromatic phosphine oxides or aromatic sulfoxides or sulfones, triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, biscarbazoles, indolocarbazole derivatives, indenocarbazole derivatives, azacarbazole derivatives, bipolar matrix materials, azaboroles or boron esters, triazine derivatives, zinc complexes, diazasilole or tetraazasilole derivatives, diazaphosphole derivatives, bridged carbazole derivatives, triphenylene derivatives or dibenzofuran derivatives.
- another phosphorescent emitter which emits at a shorter wavelength than the actual emitter can be present in the mixture as a co-host or a compound which does not participate or does not participate to a significant extent in the charge transport, such as a wide band-gap compound.
- a wide-band-gap material is understood here to mean a material in the sense of the disclosure of US 7,294,849, which is characterized by a band gap of at least 3.5 eV, where the band gap is understood to be the distance between the HOMO and LUMO energy of a material.
- Particularly suitable hole-transporting matrix materials which are advantageously combined with compounds of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) and (1m), as previously described or preferably described, in a mixed matrix system can be selected from the compounds of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5) or (HH-6), as described below.
- a further subject matter of the invention is therefore an organic electronic device comprising an anode, a cathode and at least one organic layer containing at least one light-emitting layer, wherein the at least one light-emitting layer contains at least one compound of the formula (1) as matrix material 1, as described above or described as preferred, and at least one compound of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5) or (HH-6) as matrix material 2, Formula (HH-6), where the symbols and indices used are:
- a 1 is C(R 7 ) 2 , NR 7 , O or S;
- L is a bond, O, S, C(R 7 )2 or NR 7 ;
- A is, at each occurrence, independently a group of the formula (HH-4-
- X2 is the same or different at each occurrence and is CH, CR 6 or N, where a maximum of 2 symbols X2 N can be used;
- U 1 , U 2 are, when occurring, a bond, O, S, C(R 7 ) 2 or NR 7 ;
- Ars independently represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 7 ;
- Preferred compounds of formula (HH-5) are compounds of formulas (HH-5-A) to (HH-5-E),
- Ars, R 6 , s and u have a previously indicated or preferred meaning.
- s is preferably 0 or 1 if the radical R 6 is different from D, or particularly preferably 0.
- t is preferably 0 or 1 if the radical R 6 is different from D, or particularly preferably 0.
- u is preferably 0 or 1 when the radical R 6 is different from D, or particularly preferably 0.
- the sum of the indices s, t and u in compounds of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) or (HH-6) is preferably at most 6, particularly preferably at most 4 and particularly preferably at most 2. This preferably applies when R 6 is different from D.
- c, c1, c2 each independently represent 0 or 1 at each occurrence, where the sum of the indices c+c1+c2 represents 1 at each occurrence.
- c2 represents 1.
- L is preferably a single bond or C(R 7 )2, where R 7 has a meaning as previously mentioned, particularly preferably L is a single bond.
- v is preferably 0 or 1 if the radical R 6 is different from D.
- U or U when occurring is preferably a single bond or C(R 7 ) 2, where R 7 has a meaning mentioned above, particularly preferably U 1 or U 2 when occurring is a single bond.
- q, q1, q2 are preferably 0 or 1 when the radical R 6 is different from D.
- R 6 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the group consisting of D, F, CN, a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 C atoms, where the alkyl group can be substituted in each case by one or more radicals R 7 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, preferably having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which can be substituted in each case by one or more radicals R 7 .
- R 6 is the same or different on each occurrence and is selected from the group consisting of D or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 30 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 7 .
- Ars in compounds of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) or (HH-6) is selected from phenyl, Biphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta- or para-biphenyl, terphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched terphenyl, quaterphenyl, in particular ortho-, meta-, para- or branched quaterphenyl, fluorenyl, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, spirobifluorenyl, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, naphthyl, in particular 1- or 2-linked naphthyl, or residues derived from indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, carbazole, which can be linked via the 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-position, dibenzo
- a 1 in formula (HH-2) or (HH-3) or (HH-6) is NR 7
- the substituent R 7 which is bonded to the nitrogen atom preferably represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 ring atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more radicals R 8 .
- this substituent R 7 is the same or different on each occurrence and represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 6 to 24 ring atoms, in particular having 6 to 18 ring atoms.
- a 1 in formula (HH-2) or (HH-3) or (HH-6) is C(R 7 ) 2
- the substituents R 7 which are bonded to this carbon atom are preferably identical or different on each occurrence and are a linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 C atoms or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 24 ring atoms, which may also be substituted by one or more radicals R 8 , where R 8 is not H.
- R 7 is very particularly preferably a methyl group or a phenyl group.
- the radicals R 7 can also form a ring system with one another, resulting in a spiro system.
- HH-4 Compounds of the formula (HH-4) are disclosed, for example, in WO2021/180614, pages 110 to 119, in particular as examples on pages 120 to 127. Their preparation is disclosed in WO2021/180614 A1 on page 128 and in the synthesis examples on pages 214 to 218.
- the at least one further matrix material is a deuterated compound
- this at least one matrix material is a mixture of deuterated compounds with the same basic chemical structure, which only differ in the degree of deuteration and/or the deuteration pattern.
- this is a mixture of deuterated compounds of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) or (HH-6), as described above, wherein the average degree of deuteration of these compounds is at least 50 mol% to 90 mol%, preferably 70 mol% to 100 mol%.
- Suitable further matrix materials for a combination with compounds of formula (1) are the compounds described in WO2019/229011 A1, Table 3, pages 137 to 203, which may also be partially or completely deuterated.
- Suitable further matrix materials for combination with compounds of formula (1) or preferred compounds of formula (1) as previously described or preferably described are the compounds described in WO2021/180625 A1, Table 3, pages 131 to 137 and in Table 4, pages 137 to 139, which may also be partially or fully deuterated.
- suitable further matrix materials for combination with compounds of formula (1) or preferred compounds of formula (1) as previously described or preferably described are the compounds described in KR20230034896 A, on pages 42 to 47, compounds [2-1] to [2-110], or on pages 49 to 51, compounds [3-1] to [3-26],
- suitable further matrix materials for combination with compounds of formula (1) or preferred compounds of formula (1) as previously described or preferably described are the compounds described in KR20230154750 A, on pages 39 to 49, compounds [B-1] to [B-243], or on pages 49 to 53, compounds [C-1] to [C-102] or on pages 54 to 57, compounds [D-1] to [D-120],
- compounds of the formula (HH-1) and/or the formula (HH-4) and/or the formula (HH-5) are particularly suitable, as described above or preferably described.
- particularly suitable compounds of the formula (HH-1) are those in which at least one group Ars is a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 40 ring atoms, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R 7 and/or compounds of the formula (HH-4) and/or compounds of the formula (HH-5).
- compounds of formula (HH-5) selected from compounds of formulas (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E), compounds of formulas (HH-5A, (HH-5-B) and (HH-5-D) are preferred, with compounds of formula (HH-5-A) being particularly preferred.
- the above-mentioned host materials of formula (1) and their preferred embodiments or the compounds of Table 1 and the compounds E1 to E45 can be combined as desired in the device according to the invention with the above-mentioned matrix materials/host materials, the matrix materials/host materials of formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) or (HH-6) and their preferred embodiments of Table 3 or the compounds H1 to H33.
- Very particularly preferred mixtures of the compounds of the formula (1) with the host materials of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) or (HH-6) for the device according to the invention are obtained by combining the compounds E1 to E45 with the compounds H1 to H33 as shown in Table 5 below.
- the first mixture M1 for example, is a combination of the compound E1 with H1.
- the concentration of the sum of all host materials of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) and (HH-6), as described above or described as preferred, in the mixture according to the invention or in the light-emitting layer of the device according to the invention is usually in the range from 10 wt.% to 95 wt.%, preferably in the range from 15 wt.% to 90 wt.%, more preferably in the range from 15 wt.% to 80 wt.%, even more preferably in the range from 20 wt.% to 70 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 40 wt.% to 80 wt.% and most preferably in the range from 50 wt.% to 70 wt.%, based on the total mixture or based on the total composition of the light-emitting layer.
- the present invention also relates to a mixture selected from M1 to M1485, which contains at least one phosphorescent emitter.
- the present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescent device as described above or preferably described, wherein the light-emitting layer contains at least one phosphorescent emitter in addition to the above-mentioned host materials of the formulas (1) and at least one of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) and (HH-6), as described above or preferably described, in particular the material combinations M1 to M1485.
- the light-emitting layer contains at least one phosphorescent emitter in addition to the above-mentioned host materials of the formulas (1) and at least one of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) and (HH-6), as described above or preferably described, in particular the material combinations M1
- phosphorescent emitter typically includes compounds in which the light emission occurs through a spin-forbidden transition from an excited state with a higher spin multiplicity, i.e. a spin state > 1, for example through a transition from a triplet state or a state with an even higher spin quantum number, for example a quintet state.
- a transition from a triplet state is understood here.
- phosphorescent emitters are compounds which emit light, preferably in the visible range, when suitably excited and also contain at least one atom with an atomic number greater than 20, preferably greater than 38 and less than 84, particularly preferably greater than 56 and less than 80, in particular a metal with this atomic number.
- compounds containing copper, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, ruthenium, osmium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, silver, gold or europium are used as phosphorescent emitters, in particular compounds containing iridium or platinum.
- all luminescent compounds containing the above-mentioned metals are regarded as phosphorescent emitters.
- all phosphorescent complexes as used according to the state of the art for phosphorescent OLEDs and as known to the person skilled in the art in the field of organic electroluminescent devices are suitable.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters according to the present invention correspond to the formula (IIIa), where the symbols and indices for this formula (Illa) have the meaning: n+m is 3, n is 1 or 2, m is 2 or 1 ,
- X is the same or different at each occurrence, N or CR,
- R is, identically or differently at each occurrence, H, D, F, CN or a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a partially or fully deuterated branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 7 C atoms which may be partially or fully substituted with deuterium or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms which may be partially or fully substituted with deuterium.
- a further subject matter of the invention is therefore an organic electroluminescent device as described above or preferably described, characterized in that the light-emitting layer contains, in addition to the host materials 1 and 2, at least one phosphorescent emitter which corresponds to the formula (IIIa), as described above.
- n is preferably 1 and m is preferably 2.
- one X is preferably selected from N and the other Xs are CR or all Xs, identical or different on each occurrence, are CR.
- at least one R is preferably different from H.
- two Rs are preferably different from H and have one of the meanings otherwise previously given for the emitters of the formula (IIIa).
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters according to the present invention correspond to the formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV) or (V),
- Ri is H or D
- R2 is H, D, F, CN or a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a partially or fully deuterated branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 10 C atoms which may be partially or fully substituted with deuterium.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters according to the present invention correspond to the formulas (VI), (VII) or (VIII),
- Ri is H or D
- R2 is H, D, F, CN or a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or a partially or fully deuterated branched or linear
- Preferred examples of phosphorescent emitters are described in WO2019/007867 on pages 120 to 126 in Table 5 and on pages 127 to 129 in Table 6. The emitters are incorporated into the description by this reference.
- each mixture selected from the sum of the mixtures M1 to M1485 is preferably combined with a compound of the formula (IIIa) or a compound of the formulas (I) to (VIII) or a compound from Table 6.
- the light-emitting layer in the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention containing at least one phosphorescent emitter is preferably an infrared-emitting, yellow, orange, red, green, blue or ultraviolet-emitting layer, particularly preferably a yellow or green-emitting layer and very particularly preferably a green-emitting layer.
- a yellow-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 540 to 570 nm.
- An orange-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 570 to 600 nm.
- a red-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 600 to 750 nm.
- a green-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 490 to 540 nm.
- a blue-emitting layer is understood to be a layer whose photoluminescence maximum is in the range from 440 to 490 nm.
- the photoluminescence maximum of the layer is determined by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum of the layer with a layer thickness of 50 nm at room temperature, wherein the layer contains the inventive combination of the host material 1 of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) or (1m) and the host material 2, consisting of at least one of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) and (HH-6), and the corresponding emitter.
- the photoluminescence spectrum of the layer is recorded, for example, using a commercially available photoluminescence spectrometer.
- the photoluminescence spectrum of the selected emitter is usually measured in an oxygen-free solution, 10 -5 molar, with the measurement being carried out at room temperature and any solvent in which the selected emitter dissolves in the stated concentration being suitable. Particularly suitable solvents are usually toluene or 2-methyl-THF, but also dichloromethane.
- the measurement is carried out using a commercially available photoluminescence spectrometer.
- the triplet energy T 1 in eV is determined from the photoluminescence spectra of the emitters. First, the peak maximum Plmax. (in nm) of the photoluminescence spectrum is determined. The peak maximum Plmax.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore yellow emitters, preferably of formula (IIIa), formulas (I) to (VIII) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy T 1 is preferably ⁇ 2.3 eV to ⁇ 2.1 eV.
- Preferred phosphorescent emitters are therefore green emitters, preferably of formula (IIIa), formulas (I) to (VIII) or from Table 6, whose triplet energy T 1 is preferably ⁇ 2.5 eV to ⁇ 2.3 eV.
- benzoindenofluorene amines benzofluorene amines, extended benzoindenofluorenes, phenoxazines, and fluorene derivatives which are linked to furan units or to thiophene units.
- the light-emitting device or the mixture according to the invention can also contain materials which exhibit TADF (thermally activated delayed fluorescence).
- the at least one light-emitting layer of the organic electroluminescent device can have three or four different matrix materials, preferably three different matrix materials.
- These corresponding mixed matrix systems can consist of the matrix materials described for the host material 1 and the host material 2, but they can also contain, as a third or fourth matrix material, for example in addition to a host material 1 or host material 2, w/de-öand-gap materials, bipolar host materials, electron transport materials (ETM) or hole transport materials (HTM).
- the mixed matrix system is preferably optimized for an emitter of the formula (IIIa), the formulas (I) to (VIII) or for an emitter of Table 6.
- the mixture contains no further components, i.e. functional materials, in addition to the components of the host material 1 and the host material 2, as previously described or preferably described.
- These are material mixtures that are used as such to produce the light-emitting layer.
- These mixtures are also referred to as premix systems, which are used as the only material source when vaporizing the host materials for the light-emitting layer and which have a constant mixing ratio when vaporizing. This makes it possible to vaporize a layer with a uniform distribution of the components in a simple and quick manner, without the need for precise control of a large number of material sources.
- the mixture contains, in addition to the constituents of the host material of formula (1) and the host material 2, as described above or preferably described, a phosphorescent emitter, as described above. With suitable Mixing ratio during evaporation, this mixture can also be used as the sole material source.
- premix systems consisting of two matrix materials, namely a compound of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) or (1m) and a compound of one of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) or (HH-6).
- premix systems consisting of three matrix materials, namely a compound of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) or (1m) and two compounds of one of the formulas (HH-1), (HH-2), (HH-3), (HH-4), (HH-5), (HH-5-A), (HH-5-B), (HH-5-C), (HH-5-D), (HH-5-E) or (HH-6).
- the light-emitting layer in the device according to the invention according to the preferred embodiments and the emitting compound preferably contains between 99.9 and 1 vol. %, more preferably between 99 and 10 vol. %, particularly preferably between 98 and 60 vol. %, very particularly preferably between 97 and 80 vol.
- the light-emitting layer in the device according to the invention preferably contains between 0.1 and 99 vol. %, more preferably between 1 and 90 vol.
- the corresponding amounts in wt. % are preferably used instead of the amounts in vol. % given above.
- the present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescent device as described above or preferably described, wherein the organic Layer contains a hole injection layer (HIL) and/or a hole transport layer (HTL), whose hole injecting material and hole transporting material belongs to the class of arylamines.
- HIL hole injection layer
- HTL hole transport layer
- the sequence of layers in the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is preferably as follows:
- This sequence of layers is a preferred sequence.
- the present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescent device as described above or preferably described, wherein the organic layer contains an electron injection layer (EIL) and/or an electron transport layer (ETL) and/or a hole blocking layer, whose electron injecting material and electron transporting material are selected from the compounds of formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) or (1m), as described above or preferably described.
- EIL electron injection layer
- ETL electron transport layer
- a hole blocking layer whose electron injecting material and electron transporting material are selected from the compounds of formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) or (1m), as described above or preferably described.
- the anode preferably has a work function greater than 4.5 eV vs. vacuum. Metals with a high redox potential are suitable for this, such as Ag, Pt or Au. Metal/metal oxide electrodes (e.g. Al/Ni/NiOx, Al/PtOx) may also be preferred. For some applications, at least one of the electrodes must be transparent or partially transparent in order to enable either the irradiation of the organic material (organic solar cell) or the coupling out of light (OLED, O-LASER). Preferred anode materials here are conductive mixed metal oxides. Indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO) are particularly preferred.
- ITO Indium tin oxide
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention is further preferably characterized in that one or more organic layers containing the composition according to the invention are produced from solution, such as by spin coating, or using any printing method, such as screen printing, flexographic printing, nozzle printing or offset printing, but particularly preferably LITI (light induced thermal imaging, thermal transfer printing) or ink-jet printing. Soluble host materials 1 and 2 and phosphorescent emitters are required for this. Processing from solution has the advantage that, for example, the light-emitting layer can be applied very easily and inexpensively. This technique is particularly suitable for the mass production of organic electroluminescent devices.
- a method for producing the organic electroluminescent device according to the invention as described above or preferably described, characterized in that the light-emitting layer of the organic layer is applied by gas phase deposition, wherein the at least one compound of the formulas (1), (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e), (1f), (1g), (1h), (1i), (1j), (1k), (11) or (1m) together with the further materials which form the light-emitting layer are deposited successively or simultaneously from at least two material sources from the gas phase.
- the electronic devices according to the invention are characterized by one or more of the following surprising advantages over the prior art:
- Electronic devices in particular organic electroluminescent devices containing compounds according to formula (1) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below as electron-conducting materials and/or matrix materials, have excellent efficiency.
- compounds according to the invention according to formula (1) or the preferred embodiments set out above and below result in a low operating voltage when used in electronic devices.
- optical loss channels can be avoided in electronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices. As a result, these devices are characterized by a high PL and thus high EL efficiency of emitters or an excellent energy transfer from the matrices to dopants.
- the compounds according to formula (1) or the preferred embodiments described above and below form very good films from solutions.
- the compounds according to formula (1) or the preferred embodiments described above and below have a deep triplet level Ti, which can be in the range of 2.50 eV - 2.90 eV.
- the Gaussian16 (Rev. B.01) program package is used in all quantum chemical calculations.
- the neutral singlet ground state is optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level.
- HOMO and LUMO values are determined at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level for the ground state energy optimized with B3LYP/6-31G(d).
- TD-DFT singlet and triplet excitations are then calculated using the same method (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) and the optimized ground state geometry.
- the default settings for SCF and gradient convergence are used.
- the HOMO is obtained as the last orbital occupied by two electrons (Alpha occ. eigenvalues) and LUMO as the first unoccupied orbital (Alpha virt. eigenvalues) in Hartree units, where HEh and LEh represent the HOMO energy in Hartree units or the LUMO energy in Hartree units. From this, the HOMO and LUMO values in electron volts calibrated using cyclic voltammetry measurements are determined as follows:
- the triplet level T1 of a material is defined as the relative excitation energy (in eV) of the triplet state with the lowest energy resulting from the quantum chemical energy calculation.
- the singlet level S1 of a material is defined as the relative excitation energy (in eV) of the singlet state with the second lowest energy resulting from the quantum chemical energy calculation.
- the lowest energy singlet state is called SO.
- the method described here is independent of the software package used and always delivers the same results. Examples of frequently used programs for this purpose are “Gaussian09” (Gaussian Inc.) and Q-Chem 4.1 (Q-Chem, Inc.). In this case, the program package "Gaussian16 (Rev. B.01)" is used to calculate the energies.
- reaction mixture is heated to 60 ° for 2 hours.
- the mixture is then cooled to room temperature, then filtered, then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure and recrystallized from heptane.
- the yield is 64 g (160 mmol), corresponding to 48% of theory.
- the following compounds can be obtained either via route A or route B.
- Other common solvents and purification methods can also be used for workup and purification.
- Activated carbon is dissolved in 400 g (502 mmol; 1.00 eq) deuterium oxide [CAS 7789-20-0] and 200 g (778 mmol; 1.55 eq) of toluene-d8 [CAS 2037-26-5] are suspended.
- the reaction mixture is stirred for 5 days at 165°C and increased autogenous pressure. After cooling, it is extracted twice with tetrahydrofuran and the combined organic phases are washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. After filtration, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure.
- the product shown above in a mixture with portions of H/D isotopomers and H/D isotopologues is obtained after further purification by extraction, recrystallization and sublimation.
- Examples Ex1 to Ex8 show data from OLEDs according to the invention. Glass plates coated with structured ITO (indium tin oxide) with a thickness of 50 nm are used as the substrate for the OLEDs in Table 7.
- structured ITO indium tin oxide
- the emission layer always consists of at least one matrix material (also known as host material) and an emitting dopant (dopant, emitter), which is mixed into the matrix material or materials by co-evaporation in a certain volume proportion.
- a specification such as SdT1:H2:TEG1 (32%:60%:8%) 30nm means that the material SdT1 is present in a volume proportion of 32% as host material 1, the compound H2 as host material 2 in a proportion of 60% and TEG1 in a proportion of 8% in a 30nm thick layer.
- the hole injection layer (HIL) and the electron transport layer (ETL) can also consist of a mixture of two materials.
- the OLEDs are characterized as standard.
- the electroluminescence spectra and current-voltage-luminance characteristics are measured, from which the EQE is calculated.
- the calculation is carried out assuming a Lambertian radiation characteristic.
- the electroluminescence spectra are determined at a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 and the CIE 1931 x and y color coordinates are calculated from this.
- the U10 in Table 8 refers to the voltage required for a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 .
- EQE10 refers to the external quantum efficiency at a current density of 10 mA/cm 2 .
- the lifetime LT is defined as the time after which the luminance drops from an initial luminance LO (in cd/m 2 ) to a certain proportion L1 (in cd/m 2 ) when operated at a constant current density jo in mA/cm 2 .
- the compounds or material combinations according to the invention can be used in the emission layer in phosphorescent green OLEDs.
- Examples V1 to V8 are comparative examples according to the prior art, examples Ex1 to Ex8 show data from OLEDs according to the invention.
- the examples according to the invention show in particular a clear advantage in the service life of the device.
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