WO2024251909A1 - Dispositif d'induction électromagnétique - Google Patents
Dispositif d'induction électromagnétique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024251909A1 WO2024251909A1 PCT/EP2024/065660 EP2024065660W WO2024251909A1 WO 2024251909 A1 WO2024251909 A1 WO 2024251909A1 EP 2024065660 W EP2024065660 W EP 2024065660W WO 2024251909 A1 WO2024251909 A1 WO 2024251909A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- input
- columns
- leakage
- output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
- H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic induction device, a power converter comprising this device and a method of transferring electrical power implementing this device.
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic induction device having first and second windings wound in a specific manner in order to induce limited inductance losses during an electrical power transfer.
- the electromagnetic induction device is advantageously implemented in a power converter, in particular for electrical transfer in the automotive field, and more specifically for charging electric motor vehicles.
- the motor In an electric vehicle, the motor is generally powered by batteries which provide it with the electrical power needed to move the vehicle.
- batteries can be recharged when the vehicle is stopped, by being electrically connected to fixed electrical distribution terminals and linked to a land-based electrical distribution network.
- An electrical distribution terminal includes an electrical power converter which converts the alternating voltage (AC) of the terrestrial distribution network into a variable direct voltage (DC) necessary for recharging the batteries.
- AC alternating voltage
- DC variable direct voltage
- Car manufacturers are aiming to integrate this type of converter into the vehicle, in order to reduce the footprint of electrical distribution terminals on the roadway.
- the converter can be used so that the vehicle batteries can supply electrical energy to the onshore electricity distribution network when the vehicle is stopped, if necessary.
- such a power converter must be compact, i.e. have a power volume density greater than 2 kW/1. To this end, it requires magnetic components and, more particularly, transformers operating at high frequency.
- the power converter must also be compatible with reversible mode and its implementation must be quieter than in a distribution terminal.
- the converter must have a high efficiency. Since energy is exchanged several times between the battery and the terrestrial electricity distribution network, inductance losses within the converter must therefore be minimized during power transfer.
- An LLC type converter illustrated in Figure 1, is based on the integration of a resonant tank stage comprising a transformer associated with 2C capacitors and inductances mounted in “series”.
- the inductors and capacitors are chosen to operate in resonance at a frequency equal to the nominal switching frequency of the switches.
- the transformer is further arranged to galvanically isolate the input and load circuits, and to adapt the voltage value applied to the terminals of the load.
- the converter comprises a primary winding and a secondary winding wound around a magnetic core, with a number of turns ratio n equal to the ratio of the primary and secondary voltages.
- the resonant series components are duplicated on either side of the same winding.
- the magnetizing inductance of the transformer a function of the number of turns of the first winding and the geometry of the core, is determined to ensure the gain adjustment of the converter.
- the topology of DAB converters includes arms placed on either side of the transformer and which are devoid of capacitance.
- the series inductances serve to transmit the power.
- the magnetizing inductance of the transformer is not constrained and only needs to be high enough to obtain a good utilization rate.
- WO 2020/115389 A1 describes an electromagnetic induction device integrated within a DAB-type converter, which has the advantage of being compact.
- the additional magnetic fluxes that this device can generate can contribute significantly to the magnetic losses of the core, also called “iron losses” if they are not adequately directed.
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic induction device comprising:
- ferromagnetic core comprising a main column and four trailing columns which extend parallel to an X axis to each other
- first winding and a second winding which each comprise, in succession, an input connector, a linearly conductive member and an output connector electrically connected in series, the linearly conductive member comprising, running through it from the input connector to the output connector, an input portion, an intermediate portion, and an output portion, the input portions and the output portions of the first and second windings each being wound around a different leakage column, the intermediate portion of the first winding and the intermediate portion of the second winding being wound around the main column, the winding direction of the intermediate portion of the first winding being opposite to the winding direction of the intermediate portion of the second winding.
- the winding direction of each portion around the corresponding column is defined by traversing the corresponding linearly conductive member from the input connector to the output connector, with the extension axis of the column main and the extension axes of each of the trailing columns oriented in the same direction, and by observing the first and second windings from the same observation location and in an observation direction parallel to the extension axis of the main column.
- the winding direction of the intermediate portion of the first winding is opposite to the winding direction of the input portion of the first winding and/or to the winding direction of the output portion of the first winding
- the winding direction of the intermediate portion of the second winding is opposite to the winding direction of the input portion of the second winding and/or to the winding direction of the output portion of the second winding.
- the winding direction of the intermediate portion of the first winding is opposite to the winding direction of the input portion of the first winding and identical to the winding direction of the output portion of the first winding, or vice versa
- the winding direction of the intermediate portion of the second winding is opposite to the winding direction of the input portion of the second winding and identical to the winding direction of the output portion of the second winding, or vice versa.
- the winding direction of the input portion of the first winding and the winding direction of the input portion of the second winding are the same, and the winding direction of the output portion of the first winding and the winding direction of the output portion of the second winding are the same.
- the linearly conductive member of the first winding and the linearly conductive member of the second winding are referred to as the first linearly conductive member and the second linearly conductive member respectively.
- the linearly conductive member of the first winding and/or the linearly conductive member of the second winding are, for example, a solid wire, a Litz wire or a cable, for example made of a copper or aluminium-based alloy.
- the ferromagnetic core has lower and upper plates, the trailing columns and the main column extending from the lower plate. to the upper plate.
- the leakage columns and the main column are preferably in contact with the lower and upper plates.
- the first winding is provided with at least one identifier of the input connector of the first winding and/or at least one identifier of the output connector of the first winding and the second winding is provided with at least one identifier of the input connector of the second winding and/or at least one identifier of the output connector of the second winding.
- the identifier of one of said connectors facilitates the distinction between the input and output connectors of a winding and simplifies the electrical connection of the electromagnetic induction device.
- the trailing columns and the main column can be cylindrical in revolution.
- the leakage columns around which the first winding is wound are arranged on one side of a median plane of the ferromagnetic core, preferably containing the extension axis of the main column, the leakage columns around which the second winding is wound being arranged on the other side of the median plane.
- the device preferably comprises return columns, extending parallel to the main column and part by part from the lower plate to the upper plate.
- the return columns are preferably symmetrical to each other with respect to the extension axis of the main column.
- Each return column can be arranged between two leakage columns.
- the invention also relates to an electrical power converter, preferably of the active double bridge type or of the resonant structure type, comprising the electromagnetic induction device according to the invention.
- the converter comprises a control member configured so that the phase shift between the currents flowing in the first and second windings is less than or equal to 50°.
- the invention further relates to a method for transferring power between an electrical energy source and an apparatus electrically connected to each other by the electrical power converter according to the invention, the method comprising the circulation of a first electrical current originating from the electrical energy source in the first winding of the electromagnetic induction device and the induction of a second electrical current circulating in the second winding of the electromagnetic induction device with a phase shift between the first and second electrical currents less than or equal to 50°.
- the source of electrical energy is an electrical production plant electrically connected to the electrical power converter via a terrestrial electrical distribution network and the device is a battery of a motor vehicle.
- the first winding and the second winding of the electromagnetic induction device then respectively define a primary winding and a secondary winding of the electromagnetic induction device.
- the source of electrical energy is a battery of a motor vehicle and the device is electrically connected to the electrical power converter by a terrestrial electrical distribution network.
- the first winding and the second winding of the electromagnetic induction device then respectively define a secondary winding and a primary winding of the electromagnetic induction device.
- the converter is configured to implement the method according to the invention.
- it is adapted to implement the first and second modes of implementation of the method.
- the invention finally relates to a motor vehicle comprising the electric power converter according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 and [Fig. 2] schematically represent prior art LLC and DAB type converter topologies respectively;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the core of an exemplary electromagnetic device;
- FIG. 4 are schematic top views of a section of the device of Figure 3 along a median longitudinal plane, for three variants a) to c) of embodiment of the invention; with the first winding shown on the left and the second winding on the right.
- FIG. 5 are schematic top views of a section of the device of Figure 3 along a median longitudinal plane, for three variants a) to c) outside the invention; with the first winding represented on the left and the second winding on the right;
- FIG. 6 schematically represents the equivalent electrical circuit of an example of a DAB type converter integrating the device illustrated in Figures 4 and 5;
- FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the evolution of inductance losses, expressed in W, as a function of the phase shift between the currents flowing in the first and second windings respectively, expressed in ° for the different variants according to the invention and outside the invention illustrated in Figures 4 and 5,
- FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the evolution of the inductance losses, expressed in W, as a function of the phase shift between the currents flowing in the first and second windings respectively, expressed in ° for two preferred variants of the invention and for a device of the prior art and
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are schematic top views of sections of variants of the device of Figure 3 along a median longitudinal plane.
- Figure 3 illustrates the ferromagnetic core 1 of an example of an electromagnetic device 3 according to the invention.
- the electromagnetic core 1 may comprise a material selected from MnZn, NiZn and mixtures thereof. It may be sintered.
- the core 1 comprises a lower plate 5 and an upper plate 7 which preferably extend parallel to each other and which are arranged face to face.
- the lower and upper plates are for example plates. They may have a generally parallelepiped shape, or a disk shape, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
- the lower and/or upper plates may have one or more notches 10, as illustrated in FIG. 10, in particular to reduce the mass of the core.
- the core 1 further comprises a plurality of columns which extend from one side of the lower plate 5 to the upper plate 7.
- the plurality of columns is perpendicular to the lower and upper plates.
- the plurality of columns comprises a main column 9, four trailing columns 11 and two return columns 13 which are parallel to each other and to an X axis.
- the columns each have an elongated shape, for example a bar. They can be solid or hollow.
- the main column and/or the trailing columns have a generally cylindrical shape of revolution.
- the main column 9 is arranged in the center of the ferromagnetic core 1.
- the leakage columns 11 are arranged radially at the same distance from the main column.
- the radial distance between the main column 9 and a leakage column 11 is the distance between the extension axes of said columns, measured perpendicular to said columns.
- the leakage columns 11 are further symmetrical to each other with respect to two transverse median planes of the core which each contain the extension axis of the main column and which are perpendicular.
- the leakage columns may be arranged in a regular angular manner. In other words, the angle between two rays joining each pair of two leakage columns adjacent to the main column may be constant.
- the longitudinal plane P can be median as illustrated in Figure 3.
- Each of the half-cores can thus be obtained separately, for example by sintering and the parts are assembled, for example clamped against each other using an external clamping clip.
- the return columns 13 are arranged diametrically opposite the main column 9.
- the electromagnetic induction device further comprises a first winding 21 and a second winding 23.
- Figure 4 is a view along the X axis of the section along the longitudinal median plane P of different configurations a) to c) of winding of the first 21 and second 23 windings according to the invention.
- the electromagnetic induction device 3 jointly comprises these two windings.
- the first winding has an input connector El and an output connector SI which are attached to each of the opposite ends of the first electrically conductive linear member 23.
- the second winding has an input connector E2 and an output connector S2 which are attached to each of the opposite ends of the second electrically conductive linear member 27.
- Each of the first and second windings preferably comprises an identifier that makes it possible to easily identify the input connector from the corresponding output connector.
- the identifier is, for example, a colored mark applied to at least one of the connectors, for example a green mark on the input connector and a red mark on the output connector.
- it may be a letter, for example an "I”, the initial of the word "input” in English (the translation into French is the word "entrée"), for the input connector and an "O", the initial of the word "output” in English (the translation into French is the word "entrée”). in French is the word "output”), for the output connector.
- the input connector and/or the output connector of one of the first and second windings may include a keying device to prevent improper connection.
- these different types of identifier can be combined together.
- the first winding 21 comprises an input portion 31, fixed to the input connector E1 and which is wound around a leakage column 11.
- the input portion 31 is extended by an intermediate portion 32 wound around the main column 9.
- the intermediate portion 32 is extended by an output portion 33 wound around another leakage column and which is connected to the output connector SL.
- the second winding it comprises an input portion 35, fixed to the input connector E2 and which is wound around a leakage column 11, different from those around which the first winding 21 is wound.
- the input portion 35 is extended by an intermediate portion 36 wound around the main column 9.
- the intermediate portion 36 is extended by an output portion 37 wound around a leakage column 11 different from that on which the input portion 35 of the second winding is wound and different from those on which the first winding 21 is wound.
- the output portion 37 of the second conductive linear member is connected to the output connector S2.
- the winding direction of each portion is indicated by the arrows along the first 25 and second 27 electrically conductive members starting from the respective input connectors E1, E2, to the respective output connectors S1, S2. Furthermore, when a portion among the input, intermediate and output portions of one of the first or second windings is shown wound in the clockwise direction, it will be indicated as being wound in the “S” direction and in the “N” direction if it is wound in the counterclockwise direction. At the center of each leakage column and in the main column, the direction of the induced magnetic flux has been materialized by traveling through the corresponding portion of the electrically conductive member from the input to the output of the winding. According to this nomenclature, the succession of three letters among N and S indicates the winding direction of each of the input, intermediate and output portions of the winding.
- NSN winding "NSN”
- Figure 5 shows three comparative winding configurations of the first and second windings in which the intermediate portions 32, 36 of the first 21 and second 23 windings are wound in the same direction by traveling through the first and second windings from their input connector to their respective output connector.
- each of the leakage columns 11 can flow to the main column 9 and/or in a return column 13, whether or not it crosses the air gap 15 depending on the direction of the winding.
- Each leakage column can therefore induce two paths for the circulation of the magnetic flux, the generation of which can be coupled to the magnetic fluxes generated by the other leakage columns.
- Table 1 shows the specifications of a DAB type 38 electrical power converter, in which the device is integrated.
- Figure 6 schematically illustrates the equivalent electrical circuit of the converter.
- the ferromagnetic core is made of the 3C95 alloy marketed by the company Ferroxcube®.
- the inductance losses were calculated at an average temperature of 80°.
- the core has a volume of 63 cm 3 and has a mass of 300 g.
- the bulk volume of the core, including the volume of air between the columns, is 100 cm 3 .
- Such a core has a mass saving of approximately 50% compared with a reference prior art device in which the series inductances are arranged outside the core.
- the main column has a diameter of 26 mm.
- the diameter of each trailing column is equal to 14 mm.
- the first winding has 5 turns around each of the trailing columns around which it is wound, and 7 turns on the main column.
- the second winding has 5 turns around each of the trailing columns around which it is wound and 21 turns on the main column.
- the electromagnetic properties were simulated by fixing the desired phase shift between the current flowing in the first winding, acting as primary, and the second winding, acting as secondary, for a power converter in which the devices according to the invention illustrated in Figure 4 a) to c) and the devices outside the invention illustrated in Figure 5 a) to c) have been integrated.
- the inductance losses were measured for different fixed phase shifts between the currents flowing in the first and second windings, between 15° and 90°, and in particular for phase shifts less than or equal to 70°, which are characteristic of phase shifts generally implemented within a DAB type converter. They are illustrated in Figure 7.
- the exemplary winding configuration “NNN-SSS” according to the invention is less efficient than the exemplary configuration “NSS-SNN” according to the invention, because it generates more inductance losses in the return legs 13 (about 2.4 times).
- Another advantageous winding configuration example, not shown, is the “SNN-SSN” configuration according to the invention, in which:
- This example would allow to obtain a gain of approximately 3% compared to the example of “NSS-SNN” configuration thanks to a reduction in inductance losses of about 20% in the return legs (13) (where losses are quite low overall -3-4W compared to the ⁇ 45W of total losses).
- the phase shift considered in these comparisons is always 90°.
- the device according to the invention thus makes it possible to reduce inductance losses with winding configurations which induce magnetic fluxes which are in opposite directions in the main column.
- the most favorable winding configurations of the first and second windings according to the invention are of the NNN-SSS and NSS-SNN type. These configurations are compared to the reference electromagnetic induction device, comprising a core in which the main column and the four external inductances are wound and spaced from the core. The main column is wound with 7 turns in the primary and 21 turns in the secondary.
- the external inductances of 5pH define the inductances LrPl, LrPl, LrSl and LrS2 of Figure 3.
- the phase shift between the primary and secondary voltages has been set at different values between 15° and 90°.
- the conversion of electrical power by means of the device according to the invention according to the winding configurations of the first and second windings NNN-SSS and NSS-SNN is carried out with less inductance losses than with the reference device.
- the device according to the invention is therefore particularly well suited for application within a power converter of the DAB type, in which the phase shift is generally controlled to an optimum value of about 30°, as defined in "Design Optimization of High Frequency Transformer for Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter", K.D. Hoang and J. Wang, DOI: 10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6350205.
- the device according to the invention is nevertheless more compact than the reference device, and therefore has an advantage over the latter when it must be installed in a confined space.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2305743 | 2023-06-07 | ||
| FR2305743A FR3149721A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 | 2023-06-07 | Dispositif d’induction électromagnétique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024251909A1 true WO2024251909A1 (fr) | 2024-12-12 |
Family
ID=88778484
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/065660 Pending WO2024251909A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-06-06 | Dispositif d'induction électromagnétique |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3149721A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024251909A1 (fr) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020115389A1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-11 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif d'induction electromagnetique |
| EP4036941A1 (fr) * | 2019-10-14 | 2022-08-03 | Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. | Transformateur planar et circuit actif |
| US20230094775A1 (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-03-30 | Chicony Power Technology Co., Ltd. | Planar transformer |
-
2023
- 2023-06-07 FR FR2305743A patent/FR3149721A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-06-06 WO PCT/EP2024/065660 patent/WO2024251909A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020115389A1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-11 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif d'induction electromagnetique |
| FR3089675A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-07 | 2020-06-12 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Dispositif d’induction electromagnetique |
| EP4036941A1 (fr) * | 2019-10-14 | 2022-08-03 | Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. | Transformateur planar et circuit actif |
| US20230094775A1 (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-03-30 | Chicony Power Technology Co., Ltd. | Planar transformer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| K.D. HOANG: "Design Optimization ofHigh Frequency Transformer for Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter", J. WANG |
| S. INOUÉH. AKAGI: "A Bidirectional DC-DC Converterfor an Energy Storage System With Galvanic Isolation", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 22, no. 6, 2007, XP011196139, DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2007.909248 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3149721A1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
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