WO2024252076A1 - Composition de calibration prete a l'emploi, et procede de calibration d'un spectrometre de masse - Google Patents
Composition de calibration prete a l'emploi, et procede de calibration d'un spectrometre de masse Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024252076A1 WO2024252076A1 PCT/FR2024/000063 FR2024000063W WO2024252076A1 WO 2024252076 A1 WO2024252076 A1 WO 2024252076A1 FR 2024000063 W FR2024000063 W FR 2024000063W WO 2024252076 A1 WO2024252076 A1 WO 2024252076A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6848—Methods of protein analysis involving mass spectrometry
- G01N33/6851—Methods of protein analysis involving laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/62—Detectors specially adapted therefor
- G01N30/72—Mass spectrometers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of mass spectrometry, which finds various applications in the fields of biomedical research, medicine, diagnostics and biotechnology. More specifically, the invention relates to a calibration composition and a method for calibrating a mass spectrometer using the matrix-assisted desorption-ionization technique, known as MALDI. In particular, the invention is suitable for the matrix-assisted desorption-ionization and time-of-flight measurement technique, known as MALDI-TOF.
- the calibration composition and the calibration method according to the invention aim to ensure reliable calibration of the spectrometer used and thus to obtain sufficiently precise measurements of the masses of the ions generated from a sample to be analyzed.
- the invention also relates to the use of a calibration composition according to the invention, as an external standard for the calibration of a mass spectrometer and a method for characterizing a sample containing at least one microorganism.
- microorganisms and, more generally, that of a sample likely to contain a microorganism, by mass spectrometry and, in particular, by MALDI or MALDI-TOF has been used for a number of years to carry out rapid identification of microorganisms, and also to determine the resistance of microorganisms to certain antimicrobial agents, as illustrated, for example, in application WO 2016/0166580, in the name of the applicant.
- the identification of a microorganism is carried out from the mass spectrum of the most abundant proteins in the microorganism, by comparison with reference data allowing, in particular, the identification of the family, genus and most often the species of the microorganism.
- the protocol implemented includes the deposit of a sample to be analyzed, likely to contain a microorganism, on a MALDI analysis plate, the addition of a matrix adapted to the MALDI technique, the acquisition of the mass spectrum using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, and the identification of the species by comparison with reference data stored in a database.
- the MALDI-TOF technique is also used to detect the resistance of a microorganism to an antibiotic, and in particular to identify a phenotype, responsible for the hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics, due to the secretion of beta-lactamase enzymes, and in particular, carbapenemase enzymes.
- spectrometers suitable for such characterization, are marketed in particular by the applicant (in particular, under the references VITEK® MS and VITEK® MS Prime), as well as by the companies Bruker Daltonics and Autobio in particular.
- These spectrometers are of the MALDI-TOF type and include in particular a laser ionization source and a time-of-flight mass analyzer. They are designed to operate with an analysis plate, also called a MALDI plate or MALDI target, on which a sample to be analyzed is deposited in combination with a matrix suitable for the MALDI technique, the latter being able to be deposited at the same time or after the sample.
- the analysis plate is introduced into an analysis chamber of the spectrometer which is brought to a relatively high vacuum level, with a pressure which is for example less than 10' 5 mbar (10' 3 Pa), typically in the range from 10' 6 to 10' 9 mbar (10' 4 to 10' 7 Pa).
- a pressure which is for example less than 10' 5 mbar (10' 3 Pa), typically in the range from 10' 6 to 10' 9 mbar (10' 4 to 10' 7 Pa).
- the sample placed within the MALDI matrix is subjected to gentle ionization by laser.
- the matrix absorbs the photonic energy and the restitution of this energy leads to the sublimation of the matrix, the desorption of the molecules present in the sample and the appearance of matter in a state called plasma.
- charge exchanges occur between molecules from the matrix and molecules from the sample, and in particular microorganisms. For example, protons can be torn from the matrix and transferred to proteins, peptides and organic compounds present in the sample.
- This step allows a gentle ionization of the molecules present without inducing their destruction.
- the sample thus releases ions of different sizes.
- the ions generated are then accelerated by an electric field and fly freely in a tube under reduced pressure, called a flight tube.
- the smallest ions will then "travel" faster than the larger ions, thus allowing their separation.
- At the terminal end of the flight tube is a detector.
- a mass spectrum is obtained, representing the intensity of the signal corresponding to the number of ionized molecules of the same mass to charge [m / z], as a function of the time of flight (or TOF for "Time Of flight” in English) of the molecules that strike the detector.
- the flight time taken by the ions is used to calculate their mass to charge ratio [m / z], expressed in Thomson (Th).
- Calibrating a mass spectrometer increases the reliability of the measurements taken and therefore the use of the mass spectra generated, particularly for the identification of microorganisms in a sample.
- Calibration consists of adjusting the experimental mass-on-charge value obtained to a so-called calibrated value which will then appear on the mass spectrum generated and be used to characterize the sample to be analyzed.
- Such calibrations can be done by using an internal calibrating agent integrated into the sample, or an external calibrating agent, called an external standard, deposited on at least one deposition zone of a MALDI analysis plate.
- a MALDI I analysis plate typically includes:
- deposition zones 1 also called spots
- analysis zones for the deposition of sample(s) to be characterized; after drying, these zones 1 form so-called characterization zones, and
- deposition zones 2 - one or more deposition zones 2, called reference zones, for the deposition of an external standard; after drying, these zones 2 form so-called control zones; these zones are in the form of wells, most often circular in shape.
- MALDI plates are typically made from materials such as stainless steel, gold, silicon, a plastic polymer coated with metal, or enriched with a conductive agent (such as carbon black), or coated glass. They typically have a textured surface to facilitate the deposition of samples to be analyzed and external standards.
- the surface of the plate is generally conductive, at least at the analysis and reference deposition areas.
- an analysis plate is formed from a polymer such as polypropylene, said polymer being covered with a layer of stainless steel.
- the polymer may contain a conductive material such as carbon black.
- Various MALDI plates are commercially available such as the VITEK® MS plates from bioMérieux (disposable) and the MALDI Biotarget plates from Bruker Daltonics (reusable). Such plates I most often comprise from 48 to 96 analysis areas 1, and at least one, or even two or three reference areas 2 and whose size may be different from that of the analysis areas 1.
- E. coli Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 strain
- VITEK® MS user manual a freshly cultured Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 8739 strain
- the bacteria are cultured on agar medium, for 18 to 24 hours, at 37°C.
- a quantity of bacteria is then recovered and deposited on the MALDI plate, at a reference zone.
- This calibration method has the inconvenience of having to have freshly cultured bacteria.
- BTS from the English “Bacterial Test Standard”
- Bruker is an extract of E. coli enriched with two high molecular weight proteins.
- BTS was developed to serve as quality control for the MALDI-TOF Biotyper spectrometer from Bruker.
- the technical data sheet for BTS indicates that its specific composition covers the entire range of protein masses used by the Biotyper for the precise identification of microorganisms, and in particular the range from 3.6 to 17 kDa.
- the quality control process includes calibrating the mass spectrometer, checking the laser setting and evaluating the quality of the spectrum.
- Patent CN104931572B can also be cited.
- the latter proposes a calibration composition which, like Bruker's BTS, is of the bacterial extract type, but with the advantage for its user of being ready to use.
- This bacterial lysate/extract is prepared according to the following method according to the available automatic translation:
- Protein A washing solution which is deionized water or ultrapure water is added to the strain mixture, at a mass/volume ratio of 5-10 mg:0.1-0.5mL, and then Protein B washing solution, which is anhydrous ethanol, is added at a volume ratio of 5-2:1; after mixing and centrifugation, the supernatant is discarded;
- step (3) Add to the precipitate obtained in step (2), a protein dissolution solution A, according to a mass/volume ratio of (5-10 mg):(0.025-0.125 mL), mix well, and then add the same volume of a protein dissolution solution B as for the protein dissolution solution A; centrifuge and take the supernatant as a calibration composition; the protein dissolution solution A is a 50-80% formic acid solution of HPLC grade and the protein dissolution solution B is acetonitrile of HPLC grade.
- the present invention proposes to provide new calibration compositions which combine the following advantages:
- the present invention provides a calibration composition for a mass spectrometer, comprising whole E. coli bacteria, suspended in a liquid based on alcohol(s) and/or acetonitrile.
- a calibration composition according to the invention is formulated in the form of an intrinsically volatile, antiseptic liquid, which allows good preservation over time of bacteria and their proteins.
- alcohol designates an unsaturated aliphatic alcohol, in particular an unsaturated C1-C4 aliphatic alcohol, preferably ethanol and isopropanol.
- a calibration composition according to the invention thus contains whole bacteria, preserved in this state until the time of undertaking the calibration operations.
- the bacterial proteins in particular those chosen as references for the calibration, benefit from protection against biological and/or chemical alterations, ensured both by the very structure of the bacteria remaining whole/intact and by the alcohol(s) and/or acetonitrile.
- the alcohol(s) and/or acetonitrile of a calibration composition according to the invention have as such an advantageous chemical/reaction neutrality with respect to the proteins.
- such a liquid and volatile formulation offers the calibration compositions according to the invention the advantage of being able to be used directly and as is, and of greatly facilitating the calibration operations of spectrometers.
- the operator With a calibration composition according to the invention, the operator will simply have to take the prescribed volume (which corresponds to a pre-established quantity of cells), and deposit it on the analysis plate. To do this, a pipette or any other suitable utensil may be used.
- the high volatility of the alcohol(s) and/or acetonitrile which compose(s) the liquid phase of a calibration composition according to the invention allows(s) the liquid phase to evaporate quickly to leave on the deposition zone, only a thin and homogeneous layer of cells.
- the liquid phase of a calibration composition according to the invention is based on alcohol(s). According to a preferred embodiment, it is an aqueous liquid with an alcohol(s) content of at least 20% v/v, typically 70% v/v.
- the alcohol(s) included in the calibration composition according to the invention is/are ethanol and/or isopropanol.
- the alcohol-based liquid of a calibration composition according to the invention consists of an aqueous water/ethanol mixture, with an ethanol content of 70%.
- the liquid phase of a calibration composition according to the invention is based on acetonitrile, that is to say a 100% v/v acetonitrile solution or a water/acetonitrile mixture, with an acetonitrile content of at least 20% v/v, typically 70% v/v.
- the E. coli bacteria of a calibration composition according to the invention come from a strain unique.
- these bacteria are derived from strain BL21 or strain ATCC 8739.
- E. coli strain BL21 was described in 1986 (StudierF.W., Moffatt B A., J Mol Biol. 1986 May 5; 189(1): 113-30. “Use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to direct selective high-level expression of cloned genes”), and was fully characterized by sequencing in 2015 (Jeong H., Ju Kim H., Jun Leeb S., Genome Announc. 2015 Mar 19;3(2). e00134-15.
- E. coli strain BL21 Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain BL21).
- This E. coli strain is commercially available and can be obtained from Agilent (catalog number #200133).
- Strain ATCC 8739 is also commercially available, in particular from TATCC. Its genetic sequence is available in GenBank under the number GCA 016864475.1.
- strain BL21 or ATCC 8739 it is also possible to use any other strain of E coli known to the person skilled in the art, in particular strain E coli K-12 (ATCC 10798).
- a calibration composition consisting of a suspension of E coli bacteria of the BL21 strain in an aqueous liquid based on alcohol and/or acetonitrile.
- a calibration composition consisting of a suspension of E coli bacteria of the ATCC 8739 strain in an aqueous liquid based on alcohol and/or acetonitrile.
- the composition of alcohol(s) and/or acetonitrile is chosen for structural preservation of the E coli bacteria present in the composition, at a temperature of 0 to 37°C, in particular 0 to 25°C.
- this aqueous liquid based on alcohol(s) and/or acetonitrile, or more generally the calibration composition does not include any acid or other chemical substance likely to react with the proteins, directly or indirectly.
- any chemical substances such as detergents, bases
- any chemical substances likely to extract proteins that are not usually detected with a conventional deposit will be avoided.
- the E coli bacteria are present at a concentration of 2 to 7 McF (McFarland), in particular 3 to 6 McF, for example 5 McF.
- McFarland a concentration of 2 to 7 McF
- a concentration can be determined by a densitometer (for example, the DENSIMAT marketed by the company bioMérieux), which makes it possible to measure the optical density of a liquid composition, in particular under incident light with a wavelength between 500 and 600 nm, and preferably at 550 nm.
- the bacterial concentration of a liquid composition may also be expressed in colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL).
- the E. coli bacteria are present at a concentration of 6.10 8 to 21.10 8 cfu/mL.
- Table 1 gives the correspondence between optical density, value in McFarland units (McF) and bacterial concentration in 10 8 cfu/mL.
- the calibration compositions according to the invention are stable. This stability can be demonstrated by mass spectrometry, in particular by MALDI-TOF. No degradation of the proteins present is thus observed, in particular the proteins chosen as references for the calibration. Their masses, apart from the analytical error, do not change. The stability of the calibration compositions according to the invention can also be verified through their capacity to provide calibrations of relatively constant high quality over time.
- the calibration compositions according to the invention can be stored in tubes, in particular plastic tubes, closed with a cap, or in any other type of suitable and hermetically sealed container. They can then be stored in this way for several months, in particular for at least 1 month, or at least 2 months, and preferably for at least 6 months, at a temperature of 0 to 37°C, typically 0 to 25°C.
- the calibration compositions according to the invention lead to deposits on MALDI plates which are reliable and reproducible and therefore make it possible to ensure calibrations, and therefore mass spectrometry measurements on samples or microorganisms to be characterized, which are just as reliable and reproducible.
- the calibration compositions according to the invention are ready-to-use solutions that can easily be implemented during mass spectrometry measurements and/or calibration procedures. Due to their liquid formulation, they are easy to to be collected and deposited. The evaporation of the liquid phase then leaves room for a localized deposit, in the form of a thin and uniform cellular layer. In particular, a precise volume of 1 to 2 ⁇ L, and typically 1 ⁇ L, of a calibration composition according to the invention can be easily and quickly collected and then deposited on the analysis plates, precisely on the deposit areas.
- the calibration compositions of the invention simplify the calibration workflow to be carried out during mass spectrometry measurements, by avoiding the need to carry out new cultures of E. coli each day, since the calibration compositions are easily stored in a ready-to-use form.
- the invention relates to the use of a calibration composition according to the invention, as an external standard for the calibration of a mass spectrometer, according to the MALDI technique, and in particular according to the MALDI-TOF technique.
- the calibration compositions according to the invention could also be used in internal calibration, for example to adjust the acquisition parameters of mass spectrometers, according to the MALDI technique, and in particular according to the MALDI-TOF technique used, or as quality control.
- a method for calibrating a mass spectrometer adapted to the MALDI technique, and in particular to the MALDI-TOF technique comprising the following steps: a) providing a calibration composition according to the invention, b) depositing said calibration composition and a matrix adapted to the MALDI technique, on at least one deposition zone of a MALDI analysis plate, to obtain a control zone after drying, c) placing said MALDI analysis plate in the mass spectrometer and obtaining a mass spectrum for the control zone according to the MALDI technique, and in particular according to the MALDI-TOF technique, over at least one determined mass-to-charge range and using the experimental values obtained from the masses-to-charge of peaks of said spectrum corresponding to so-called reference protein ions of the calibration composition, as calibration values, d) calculating a calibration relationship based on the theoretical masses-to-charge of the reference protein ions and the calibration values.
- the determined load mass range covers at least the range from 2000 Th to 20000 Th, preferably from 2000 Th to 15000 Th.
- the theoretical masses on charge used in step d) may be at least 6 in number, preferably in the number of 8 to 50, and in particular 8 to 32.
- the strain of the calibration composition is an E. coli ATCC 8729 strain
- the ions of the reference proteins and therefore the theoretical masses on charge in Th used are chosen from those listed in Table 2.
- the strain of the calibration composition is an E. coli BL21 strain
- the ions of the reference proteins and therefore the theoretical masses on charge in Th used are chosen from those listed in Table 5.
- the theoretical masses on charge used in step d) are at least 6 in number, preferably 8 to 50 in number and are, in particular, chosen from the following theoretical masses on charge m/z in Th:
- the theoretical masses on charge used in step d) are at least 6 in number, preferably 8 to 32 in number, and in particular 32 in number, and are, in particular, chosen from the following theoretical masses on charge m/z in Th, when the E. coli strain is BL21: 3,128.18; 3,158.57; 3,206.28; 3,579.84; 3,637.70; 4,163.59; 4,185.35; 4,365.31; 4,438.61; 4,613.75; 4,768.45; 4,777.56; 5,069.74; 5,096.78; 5,150.50; 5,381.35; 5,612.32; 6,255.36; 6,316.14; 6,411.55; 7,158.68; 7,274.39; 8,369.69; 8,876.22; 8,994.20; 9,226.49; 9,535.89; 9,554.12; 10,138.48; 10,300.00; 11,223.63 and 11,450.19.
- the MALDI matrix may be any matrix suitable for the MALDI technique.
- such a matrix comprises one of the following compounds: 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
- the invention relates to a method for characterizing a sample containing at least one microorganism from the acquisition of a mass spectrum, by the MALDI technique, and in particular by the MALDI-TOF technique, implementing the following steps: i) depositing said sample and a matrix adapted to the MALDI technique, on at least one deposition zone of an analysis plate, and carrying out drying, to obtain a characterization zone, ii) placing said analysis plate in a mass spectrometer adapted to the MALDI technique, and in particular to the MALDI-TOF technique and generating a mass spectrum for the characterization zone, iii) applying the calibration relationship calculated according to the calibration method of the invention for said mass spectrometer, and determining the mass on charge of the peaks in the mass spectrum generated.
- control analysis area and the characterization area belong to the same MALDI analysis plate. This has the advantage of making calibration operations simpler and faster by reducing the handling steps.
- the characterization method according to the invention comprises an identification of a microorganism present in the sample, by comparison of the mass on charge values of at least certain peaks of the mass spectrum generated obtained in step iii), with reference values characteristic of the microorganism.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic top view of a MALDI plate, notably marketed by the applicant;
- FIG. 2 in connection with Example 2, shows the evolution over time of the MALDI-TOF mass spectrum obtained with a VITEK® MS, for a composition of E. coli outside the invention; the bacteria being suspended whole in a commercial mixture of solvents (in this case, the HCC A matrix from bioMérieux; ref. 411071);
- FIG. 3 in connection with Example 3, shows the spectra obtained with a VITEK® MS, for two calibration compositions according to the invention, at 70% v/v ethanol, after a storage period of five months at room temperature; these compositions having been prepared according to 2 different protocols (A: from E. coli ATCC 8739 cultured on agar medium; B: from E.
- Example 4 shows different MALDI-TOF spectra obtained with a VITEK® MS, corresponding to the analysis of the contents of a tube initially comprising 100 ⁇ L of a calibration composition according to the invention (E coli ATCC 8739 suspended in an aqueous liquid at 70% v/v ethanol), after evaporation of 20%, 50% or 80% of the initial volume;
- Example 5 shows a MALDI-TOF mass spectrum obtained with a VITEK® MS, before calibration, for a calibration composition of Example 3 (E coli BL21 suspended in an aqueous liquid at 70% v/v ethanol);
- FIG. 8 shows the second final super calibration graph from the 49 theoretical masses selected from the 6,563 MALDI-TOF spectra obtained with a VITEK® MS, used in Example 8.
- EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of a calibration composition according to the invention, deposition on MALDI analysis plate, and calibration
- a calibration composition according to the invention can be prepared by simply placing a selected quantity of whole E. coli bacteria of the selected strain, in a liquid based on alcohol(s) and/or acetonitrile.
- the calibration composition thus comprises a suspension of E. coli bacteria, preserved whole.
- the E. coli bacteria used can be those directly purchased or derived from bacteria purchased and cultured, using any suitable technique: on a Petri dish, in broth, etc. These culture techniques are well known to those skilled in the art. As demonstrated in the examples, the culture method has no influence on the stability of the calibration composition obtained.
- E. coli bacteria are cultured in broth, in a fermenter, until the desired amount of biomass is reached.
- the biomass is then pelleted by centrifugation and then diluted, in 70% ethanol solution, to obtain the desired concentration.
- a mechanical dispersion operation may prove useful. It can be carried out for example by creating a vortex or by dispersing the bacteria with an instrument such as an Ultra-Turrax from IKA (Staufen, Germany) equipped with a high-performance rotor-stator. A sonication step could also be carried out.
- a calibration composition according to the invention can be used directly or can be stored in any suitable container and/or can be marketed as a ready-to-use composition in any suitable container.
- a suitable container there may be mentioned, in particular, a tube, for example made of plastic, closed by a cap, or any type of suitable hermetically sealed container.
- the container will have a volume selected to be able to contain the desired quantity of calibration composition, in particular from 10 to 300 ⁇ L and typically 200 ⁇ L. Such volumes make it possible to produce a large number of deposits, which are typically deposits of 1 ⁇ L, and therefore a large number of calibrations.
- the calibration compositions according to the invention are stable, in particular for at least one year at 2-8°C, at least two months at room temperature (typically at 18-25°C), when they are stored in a closed container, and for at least one day at room temperature, when the container is opened.
- the calibration compositions according to the invention are therefore stable over time and make it possible to obtain good calibration.
- a calibration composition according to the invention is deposited at the control zone(s) of a MALDI plate.
- This deposition can be carried out using a pipetting technique, or possibly a spraying technique.
- a drop, for example of approximately 1 to 2 ⁇ L of the calibration composition can be deposited, so as to cover the entire deposition zone. It is easy to form a thin, uniform layer of calibration composition on the plate, due to the liquid formulation.
- a calibration composition according to the invention does not require any particular expertise or skill. It is compatible with manual and automated preparation (for example using the Colibri® technique proposed by the applicant) of MALDI plates, and in particular of the VITEK® MS-DS type.
- the operation of depositing a calibration composition according to the invention and a matrix adapted to the MALDI technique, on the MALDI plate can be done sequentially or by depositing a mixture of said calibration composition and the matrix.
- the calibration composition according to the invention can be simply deposited by pipetting 1 ⁇ L onto a control zone of the MALDI plate, followed by the addition of 1 ⁇ L of MALDI matrix, in particular HCC A matrix, and drying.
- the matrices used in the MALDI technique are generally organic molecules that have specific characteristics. They must be capable of absorbing the energy of the laser used for irradiation, which results in the vaporization of the matrix and the formation of ions. In addition, the matrices must be compatible with the samples analyzed and not interfere with the ions of interest.
- the matrices used in the MALDI technique are photosensitive and crystallize in the presence of the population of microorganism(s), while preserving the integrity of the molecules present.
- Such matrices particularly suitable for the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique, are well known. They are formed, for example, from a compound chosen from: 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (present in the HCCA matrix), ferulic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Many other compounds are known to the person skilled in the art.
- such a compound is dissolved, most often in water, preferably of “ultra-pure” quality, or in a mixture of water/organic solvent(s).
- organic solvents conventionally used include acetone, acetonitrile, methanol or ethanol.
- the matrix may contain trifluoroacetic acid which facilitates ionization.
- the matrix is directly deposited on the control zone and covers or is mixed with the calibration composition.
- the drying of the calibration composition deposited, before or after deposition of the matrix, on the MALDI plate is carried out at a temperature and for a time appropriate to ensure the formation of a thin uniform layer of the latter. Mild conditions well known to the person skilled in the art are preferred.
- the drying of the calibration composition, alone and/or with the addition of a matrix can be carried out by evaporation by exposing the whole in ambient air for a few minutes. This evaporation also ensures the crystallization of the matrix present.
- the amount of E. coli bacteria of the calibration composition deposited per control zone is generally at least 10 5 cfu, and in particular from 6.10 5 to 42.10 5 cfu.
- the MALDI plate is prepared with a layer of calibration composition, in the form of a control zone as described above, it is placed in a mass spectrometer, in particular MALDI or MALDI-TOF, and a corresponding mass spectrum is acquired.
- a mass spectrometer in particular MALDI or MALDI-TOF
- the desorbed and ionized proteins are then detected to generate the mass spectrum.
- the acquisition of the mass spectrum is therefore carried out by irradiating the MALDI plate with a MALDI laser and detecting the desorbed and ionized proteins.
- any type of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer can be used for the development of the mass spectrum.
- Such devices comprise: i) an ionization source (generally a UV laser) intended to ionize the control zone and therefore the calibration composition and/or a sample present on a characterization zone; ii) an accelerator of the ionized molecules by application of a potential difference; iii) a tube under reduced pressure in which the ionized and accelerated molecules move; iv) a mass analyzer intended to separate the molecular ions formed, according to their mass on charge (m/z); v) a detector intended to measure the signal produced directly by the molecular ions.
- an ionization source generally a UV laser
- an accelerator of the ionized molecules by application of a potential difference iii)
- a tube under reduced pressure in which the ionized and accelerated molecules move iv
- a mass analyzer intended to separate the molecular ions formed, according to their mass
- the laser beam used for ionization may have any type of wavelength favorable to the sublimation or vaporization of the matrix.
- an ultraviolet or even infrared wavelength will be used.
- This ionization may, for example, be carried out with a nitrogen laser emitting a UV ray at 337 nm (for example used in the VITEK® MS), or with a neodymium-doped yttrium and lithium fluoride laser (Nd:YLF) emitting at 349 nm (for example used in the VITEK® MS PRIME).
- the time of flight taken by the ions to reach the detector is used to calculate their mass.
- a mass spectrum is obtained, representing the intensity of the signal corresponding to the number of ionized molecules of the same mass on charge [m/z], in function of the m/z ratio of the molecules hitting the detector.
- the mass-to-charge ratio [m/z] is expressed in Thomson (Th).
- the mass spectrum is generated in particular by detecting at least some of the ionized and accelerated molecules then allowed to move freely in a tube under reduced pressure, so as to measure the time they take to travel through the tube under reduced pressure and to obtain a signal corresponding to the number of ionized molecules reaching the spectrometer detector at a given time.
- An uncalibrated spectrum with the flight time of the ions on the abscissa and the intensity of the observed signal on the ordinate, is thus obtained. It is transformed into a mass spectrum by calculating the mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) corresponding to the flight times of the detected molecules. To do this, a flight time calibration equation is established using reference molecules. This results in a calibrated mass spectrum corresponding to the signal of the number of ionized molecules of the same mass-to-charge m/z, as a function of the m/z ratio of the detected molecules.
- the peaks corresponding to the so-called reference molecules, in ionized form (called ion of a reference molecule) of the calibration composition, called reference peaks, are identified and their theoretical masses on charge m/z will be used as calibration values.
- This identification can be carried out by comparing the measured flight times, called experimental, of the peaks of the uncalibrated spectrum with the theoretical masses of said ions of the reference proteins, or with the measured masses on charge m/z, called experimental, of the mass spectrum if a previous calibration is already available in the instrument and applied.
- a calibration relationship and an error are calculated. Different linear or nonlinear regression methods can be used to calculate such a calibration relationship.
- the least squares method or any method well known to the person skilled in the art can be cited for performing a calibration.
- Mass spectrometers are usually equipped with appropriate software to implement such methods.
- the calculation of an error in parts per million (ppm) is performed for each reference charge mass value (or reference protein ion), considering the experimental value obtained and the corresponding theoretical value. To do this, the following formula can be: (theoretical mass - experimental mass) / theoretical mass * 10 6 .
- the calibration relationship thus established is then applied to determine the masses on charge of the peaks of protein or molecule ions present in the analyzed samples, on characterization zones of the MALDI plate. These corrected masses, also called calibrated, are obtained in step iii) of the characterization procedure of a sample, as previously defined.
- the calibration compositions and the method for calibrating a mass spectrometer according to the invention make it possible to obtain precise measurements of the masses of the ions analyzed, and therefore a reliable identification of microorganisms.
- the calibration compositions and the method for calibrating according to the invention are simple to implement and can be used in various analysis applications, and in particular for the identification of microorganisms, by mass spectrometry using the MALDI technique, and in particular MALDI-TOF.
- the MALDI-TOF analysis can be a simple MALDI-TOF analysis, or even a MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis.
- the methods according to the invention are computerized or automated methods.
- the steps of acquisition, calculation, comparison, determination, etc. are carried out by a computer or an electronic device programmed to execute said steps, integrated into the spectrometer used.
- Specific software may be developed and installed on the computer or electronic device that will be used to execute the calibration method and, in particular, to obtain the calibration relationship.
- the software is programmed to support the required functionalities, such as the acquisition of mass spectrometry data, the calculation of the masses on charge of the mass peaks of the mass spectrum corresponding to the ions of unknown proteins or molecules.
- the calibration software can be programmed to analyze the mass spectrometry data and identify peaks corresponding to the calibration values. This step may involve adaptive peak detection, mass-to-charge comparison and thresholding algorithms to accurately identify relevant peaks.
- the calibration software performs a calculation to determine the calibration relationship.
- This calculation can use different statistical methods, such as linear or nonlinear regression, to establish a mathematical equation obtained from the theoretical masses on charge of the ions of the reference proteins and the masses on charge measured for the peaks corresponding to said ionized reference proteins, used as calibration values.
- the software applies it to convert the measured flight times or masses on charge (also called experimental) of the peaks corresponding to an unknown entity on the mass spectra obtained for the samples to be analyzed, into calibrated masses on charge which are then reported on the generated mass spectrum. This step makes it possible to obtain precise measurements of the masses on charge of the ions present in the analyzed samples.
- samples of biological origin may be of different origins.
- samples of biological origin in particular animal or human, may be cited.
- Such a sample may correspond to a sample of biological fluid, such as whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, organic secretion, to a tissue sample or to isolated cells.
- This sample may be deposited as is, or will preferably be subjected, prior to depositing on the MALDI plate, to an enrichment or culture type preparation, to a concentration and/or to an extraction or purification step according to methods known to the person skilled in the art.
- the sample may also be a food product such as meat, milk, yogurt and any other consumable product likely to be contaminated, or even a cosmetic or pharmaceutical product.
- such a product may be subjected to an enrichment or culture type preparation, to a concentration and/or to an extraction or purification step, before being deposited on the MALDI plate.
- the sample to be analyzed will come from a culture in broth or on agar in order to enrich it with microorganisms to be searched for. It is, for example, possible to directly deposit a biomass, a drop of a suspension of microorganisms, in ultra-pure water or a buffer.
- optical density is measured with the DENSIMAT densitometer (bioMérieux, France) following the recommendations of the user manual (reference 99535, version C, published in 2007).
- EXAMPLE 2 Evaluation of the stability of a suspension of E. coli in a commercial mixture of solvents (bioMérieux; ref. 411071).
- HCCA matrix ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix
- the HCCA matrix is commonly used on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers for the measurement of peptides and proteins.
- the stability of the suspension was then analyzed with a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (VITEK® MS, bioMérieux), by following the evolution of the calibration peaks between T0 and T7 days (7 days after T0). A progressive modification of the shape of the peaks was observed on all the spectra.
- the doubly charged peak characteristic of the DNA-binding protein HU-alpha was clearly visible at T0 (m/z 4767). However, a third peak appeared at T24h (1 day after T0), a fourth at T48h (2 days after T0) and at T7d (7d after T0), 8 peaks were detected (Figure 2).
- a degradation was thus observed over time and taking into account the mixture of solvents used (ethanol, acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid), the degradation being of chemical rather than biological origin. Considering that the observed delta of the masses on charge of the ionized proteins between the different peaks over time was approximately 28 Da and that the presence of ethanol and trifluoroacetic acid can protonate the proteins, the inventors believe that it is likely that the degradation corresponds to an ethylation.
- the HCCA matrix solvent mixture commonly implemented in MALDI-TOF instruments does not provide sufficient stability of the calibration peaks of an E. coli strain over time and therefore cannot be used as a solvent in the calibration solution.
- Two calibration compositions according to the invention were prepared from the E. coli ATCC 8739 strain used in Example 2, but cultured according to two different methods.
- the calibration compositions prepared according to the two previous protocols were then used to calibrate a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer (VITEK® MS, bioMérieux). Both compositions allowed to obtain a very good calibration of the mass spectrometer, because the reference peaks (including in particular, the calibration values used during the calibration) were still present and not degraded (data not shown) thus demonstrating that the strain production method (culture on Petri dish or culture broth) does not affect the quality of the calibration.
- the method of culturing the E. coli strains used to obtain the calibration composition does not impact either the quality of the calibration on the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer or even the stability over time of said composition.
- Calibration composition used A. coli ATCC 8739 strain suspended at a concentration of 5 McF (i.e. to obtain an optical density at 550 nm of 1.0-1.1) in a 70% ethanol solution, and stored in 50 ⁇ L, 100 ⁇ L, 200 ⁇ L and 300 ⁇ L tubes.
- the tubes were left open at room temperature (24°C ⁇ 1°C) until 20, 50 or 80% of the initial volume had evaporated.
- the different partially evaporated calibration compositions were then used as calibration solution on a MALDTI-TOF mass spectrometer (VITEK® MS, bioMérieux).
- EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of a calibration composition according to the invention of E. coli BL21 in 70% ethanol
- a calibration composition according to the invention was prepared with the E. coli BL21 strain (E. coli BL21 suspended in 70% v/v ethanol).
- EXAMPLE 6 Calibration of the MALDI-TOF instrument using a calibration composition according to the invention
- a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer measures the time of flight of ions in a vacuum, after their acceleration by an electric field. The time of flight is related to the mass of the ions according to the law of kinetic energy:
- E c 1 ⁇ 2 mV 2 with E c kinetic energy, m mass and V velocity of the ions.
- a higher degree polynomial can be used to account for physical and electronic imperfections of the mass spectrometer.
- the equation is calibrated using molecules of known masses to account for experimental variations inherent to the instrument, the MALDI plate on which the sample was deposited or the acquisition conditions (temperature, pressure in the vacuum tube, etc.).
- the instrument can be delivered by the manufacturer with a factory-pre-recorded calibration. This allows the user to acquire and analyze the first spectra using Thomson (Th) values directly.
- the Thomson is a unit corresponding to the mass divided by the charge of the ion. Subsequently, the instrument can be regularly recalibrated using Th spectra without ever returning to the time-of-flight values. In this way, the user gets used to adjusting the instrument and viewing spectra using masses and not times-of-flight.
- the quality of the calibration can easily be assessed by calculating the average of the errors, for the masses on charge of the ions of the reference proteins. As a reminder, this average of the errors is calculated using the absolute values of said errors.
- a MALDI-TOF mass spectrum obtained with a VITEK® MS spectrometer from bioMérieux was calibrated using the calibration composition prepared according to Example 5.
- the acquisition range of the instrument was set between 2,000 and 20,000 Th, a usual mass-on-charge range for identifying microorganisms in microbiology laboratories.
- the spectrum of the calibration composition obtained showing the experimental m/z values without calibration is shown in Figure 5.
- Table 2 32 selected theoretical m/z for E. coli ATCC 8739
- the reference protein ions are searched with a tolerance of 800 ppm to calibrate the spectrum by the least squares method using a quadratic equation.
- the average error before calibration is 372.69 ppm. This average value is then greatly reduced to 68.50 ppm after the first calibration, thus demonstrating that the masses on charge recalibrated by the composition according to the invention (columns “After 1st calibration”, Table 3) are more accurate than before calibration.
- MALDI-TOF technology has a stochastic behavior that can randomly cause the disappearance or mass shift of certain peaks. For a given sample, some peaks can be visible or invisible from one acquisition to another depending on the crystals sublimated by the laser beam. Some peaks can also have a more or less noisy shape, which can lead to a more or less significant error in the detected mass.
- Table 3 m/z values recorded for a calibration composition according to the invention (E. coli
- Table 4 m/z values recorded for a calibration composition according to the invention (E. coli BL21; ethanol 70% v/v), freshly prepared, before and after calibration with reference to the 32 theoretical m/z of E. coli ATCC 8739.
- Table 4bis m/z values recorded for a calibration composition according to the invention (E. coli BL21; ethanol 70% v/v), stored for 9 months at 2-8°C, before and after calibration
- Table 4ter m/z values recorded for a calibration composition according to the invention (E. coli BL21; ethanol 70% v/v), stored for 12 months at 2-8°C, before and after calibration
- EXAMPLE 8 Selection of calibration values depending on the strain used As demonstrated in Example 6, the calibration suspension prepared with E. coli strain BL21 improves the calibration when acquiring MALDI-TOF spectra. However, the quality of the calibration depends on the reference proteins selected to perform the calibration.
- the purpose of this example is to present the methodology for selecting, for a given strain (in this case, the E. coli BL21 strain), the reference proteins whose theoretical charge masses are known and which will be used for calibration. This methodology is applicable to any other E. coli strain.
- MALDI-TOF spectrum consists of searching for a list of expected theoretical masses on charge among the values experimental, that is to say the masses on charge measured and obtained from the mass spectrum before calibration. This association is carried out under a certain threshold of precision, a tolerance or an error noted in “ppm” for "parts per million”.
- Table 5 shows the theoretical masses on charge (m/z) of a number of pre-selected proteins as well as the corresponding names, according to the same convention as Table 2.
- the post-translational modifications can also be of the formylation type, or acetylation of the 2nd amino acid after cleavage of the methionine at the N-terminus, these modifications are noted f or a.
- Table 7 5 m/z of a calibration composition according to the invention (E. coli BL21, ethanol 70% v/v), also excluded from the calibration process
- the absolute measurement error was also corrected by the calibration with a median decreasing from 119.48 ppm to 19.41 ppm, a mean decreasing from 152.48 ppm to 25.23 ppm and a standard deviation decreasing from 126.39 ppm to 23.50 ppm.
- the method of validating the masses on load corresponding to the calibration values made it possible to provide interpretations 6 times more accurate with a measurement randomness 4 times smaller.
- the method of selecting the theoretical reference masses on load thus made it possible to significantly improve the calibration performances.
- the mass spectrometer thus calibrated could then be successfully used for the identification of different microorganisms.
- Table 9 provides, for information purposes, the results of a time stability test carried out on different calibration compositions according to the invention.
- the tested compositions were prepared with E. coli BL 21 bacteria, suspended in a pure alcohol solution, or aqueous solutions of alcohol or acetonitrile, namely:
- Table 9 Stability of calibration compositions, in terms of calibration performance (expressed as mean of errors).
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| EP24738008.2A EP4724815A1 (fr) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-07 | Composition de calibration prete a l'emploi, et procede de calibration d'un spectrometre de masse |
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Non-Patent Citations (8)
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| "GenBank", Database accession no. GCA_016864475.1 |
| "IVD Bacterial Test Standard", RÉF. 8290190, September 2017 (2017-09-01) |
| DE ALEGRÍA PUIG CARLOS RUIZ ET AL: "Comparison of the Vitek MS and Bruker Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Systems for Identification of Rhodococcus equi and Dietzia spp", vol. 55, no. 7, 1 July 2017 (2017-07-01), US, pages 2255 - 2260, XP093098668, ISSN: 0095-1137, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/JCM.00377-17> DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00377-17 * |
| JEONG H.JU KIM H.JUN LEEB S., GENOME ANNOUNC., vol. 3, no. 2, 19 March 2015 (2015-03-19), pages e00134 - 15 |
| KERR M. ET AL: "Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bottled natural mineral water", JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 87, no. 6, 1 December 1999 (1999-12-01), GB, pages 833 - 841, XP093098721, ISSN: 1364-5072, DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00928.x * |
| ROBERTSON JULIA ET AL: "Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli Antibiotic Susceptibility Using Live/Dead Spectrometry for Lytic Agents", MICROORGANISMS, 26 April 2021 (2021-04-26), pages 924, XP093197357, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/924/pdf> DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050924 * |
| STUDIER F.W.MOFFATT BA.: "Use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to direct selective high-level expression of cloned genes", J MOL BIOL., vol. 189, no. 1, 5 May 1986 (1986-05-05), pages 113 - 30, XP024013064, DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90385-2 |
| WUNSCHEL S C ET AL: "Bacterial analysis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: An inter-laboratory comparison", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY, ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, US, vol. 16, no. 4, 1 April 2005 (2005-04-01), pages 456 - 462, XP004803966, ISSN: 1044-0305, DOI: 10.1016/J.JASMS.2004.12.004 * |
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