WO2024252083A1 - Detection d'anomalie dans une piece aeronautique - Google Patents
Detection d'anomalie dans une piece aeronautique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024252083A1 WO2024252083A1 PCT/FR2024/050687 FR2024050687W WO2024252083A1 WO 2024252083 A1 WO2024252083 A1 WO 2024252083A1 FR 2024050687 W FR2024050687 W FR 2024050687W WO 2024252083 A1 WO2024252083 A1 WO 2024252083A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/70—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning
- G06V10/82—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding using pattern recognition or machine learning using neural networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for detecting an anomaly in several predefined areas of a part, an associated computer program, and an anomaly detection device.
- the present invention relates in particular to the field of non-destructive testing of parts, in particular aeronautical parts.
- Technological background [0003] In the American patent application published under the number US 20110182495 A1, conventional descriptors characterizing the texture of the part (wavelet analysis) are used, and a deviation value of the image is calculated relative to an image with reference texture of the healthy part, to detect possible anomalies without any statistical method.
- This solution has the disadvantage of requiring a prior cutting of the images into small imagettes, then a reconstruction. In addition, this solution does not allow the anomalies to be precisely located. [0007] It may thus be desired to provide an anomaly detection method which makes it possible to overcome at least some of the aforementioned problems and constraints.
- the invention requires only a single trained detection system (with the localization networks respectively dedicated to the areas), which avoids establishing several mathematical models.
- the invention does not require comparing the image to be tested with a reference image to calculate the residual image, since once the detection device is trained, it is sufficient to provide it with the image to be tested.
- the invention uses neural networks to avoid the manual definition of descriptors.
- the detection device receives and processes the image to be tested in its entirety, and therefore does not require a step of cutting up the image to be tested.
- each localization network is associated with several reference boxes and each localization network is designed to provide, on the one hand, a position, in the image to be inspected, of one of the reference boxes of the area represented on the image to be inspected and, on the other hand, a probability of the presence of an anomaly in the reference box at this position.
- these networks of the prior art are classification networks using activation maps of neuron areas, these neuron areas being respectively associated with very general parts of the image.
- the reference boxes are different for at least one of the localization networks compared to the other localization network(s), for example in number and/or in size.
- the method further comprises, for each zone: - a determination, in the training images representing the zone considered, of boxes surrounding each anomaly previously found in the training images; - a partitioning of the boxes into several groups of similar boxes; and - for each group found, a determination of a reference box from the boxes of the group.
- the determined reference box has dimensions derived from dimensions of the boxes of the group.
- the method further comprises, for each predefined zone, a classification network designed to classify, in predefined classes, the anomalies found by the localization network associated with the zone considered.
- the part is a blade comprising a root and a blade, and in which the predefined zones are formed of the root and the blade.
- the blade has one or more cavities defining a certain percentage of void relative to the total volume of the blade, this percentage of void being greater than that of the root, the percentage of void of the root being able to be zero signifying the absence of cavity.
- the blade and the root have different thicknesses.
- An anomaly detection system is also proposed, characterized in that it comprises: - a backbone neural network designed to receive an image to be inspected and to provide an intermediate representation of the image to be inspected, and - localization neural networks respectively associated with predefined zones of the same part such as a blade, each zone being associated with at least one predefined view of this zone, the zones having different structures such as different geometries.
- the detection device having been previously trained, for each area, by: - a supply, to the backbone network, of training images according to each predefined view of the area considered, and - from the training images of the area considered, an adaptive adjustment during which parameters of the backbone network and of the localization network associated with the area considered are adjusted, but not parameters of the other localization network(s), to improve detection and localization.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a blade that can form a part to be inspected
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a system for acquiring images of parts to be inspected
- - Figure 3 is a functional diagram of a device for detecting anomalies in a part to be inspected
- - Figure 4 is a block diagram of a method for detecting anomalies in a part to be inspected
- - Figure 5 is similar to Figure 1, and further illustrates two areas of the blade, namely a root and a blade
- - Figure 6 groups together an example of training images for training the anomaly detection device
- - Figure 7 illustrates the training images of Figure 6, after annotation to define boxes surrounding anomalies, respectively.
- - Figure 8 is a graph illustrating, for each of the two zones of the blade, the dimensions of the boxes of the training images, as well as the reference boxes determined by partitioning
- - Figure 9 illustrates an example of distribution of the training images into two batches
- - Figure 10 is similar to Figure 3 and illustrates the operation of the detection device during a learning phase from the training images of the first batch of Figure 9 illustrating the first zone
- - Figure 11 is similar to Figure 3 and illustrates the operation of the detection device during a learning phase from the training images of the first batch of Figure 9 illustrating the second
- - Figure 12 is similar to Figure 3, and illustrates the operation of the detection device during a learning phase
- - Figure 13 is an image of a zone of a blade to be inspected
- - Figure 14 is similar to Figure 3 and illustrates the operation of the detection device during a prediction phase on the image of Figure 13
- - Figure 15 is a functional diagram of a computer system implementing the detection device of Figure 3.
- a blade 100 that can form a part to be inspected in accordance with the invention, comprises a root 102 and a blade 104.
- the blade 100 belongs for example to a fan of a turbomachine of an aircraft.
- FIG 2 an example of a system 200 for acquiring an image of a part 202, such as the blade 100 of Figure 1, will now be described.
- the acquisition system 200 firstly comprises an X-ray generator 204 designed to generate a cone of X-rays bombarding the part 202.
- the acquisition system 200 may further comprise a collimator 203 fixed at the output of the generator 204 to limit the cone of X-rays.
- the acquisition system 200 further comprises a detector 206 placed behind the part 202 and designed to determine an attenuation of the X-rays, in order to provide a two-dimensional image, sometimes called a "projection". This image is for example in gray levels proportional to the attenuation of the X-rays passing through the part 202.
- a system 300 for detecting an anomaly in a part such as the blade 100 of FIG. 1, will now be described.
- the detection system 300 may firstly comprise an image processing module 302. The latter is designed to receive an image to be inspected Img and to possibly carry out one or more image processing operations on it.
- a first possible processing is a filtering designed to enhance the characteristic patterns of the anomalies and to reduce the noise of the image.
- a second possible processing is a masking around a region of interest of the image. This masking is for example carried out by an automated detection of the air and the collimator 203, for example by automatically calculating an optimal gray level threshold making it possible to separate the part from the air and the collimator 203.
- a third possible operation is a normalization of the data in order to facilitate and obtain a faster convergence of the learning which will be described later.
- the normalization is carried out to obtain an average of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 of the gray levels of the image to be inspected.
- the detection system 300 further comprises a convolutional neural network called a BB backbone. The latter is designed to receive the image to be inspected Img (after processing in the case where one or more image processing operations are planned) and to provide an intermediate representation RI of the image to be inspected Img.
- the detection system 300 further comprises heads Hz (1 ⁇ z ⁇ Z), respectively associated with the zones z.
- Each head Hz comprises a localization neural network Lz, designed, from the intermediate representation RI, to search for one or more anomalies and locate each anomaly found in the image to be inspected Img, when the latter represents the associated zone z.
- Each head Hz may further comprise a classification neural network Cz, designed, from the intermediate representation RI, to classify each anomaly found by the localization network Lz.
- Each head Hz is thus designed to provide a prediction result Rz comprising the localization determined by the localization network Lz and, where appropriate, the classification determined by the classification network Cz.
- the detection system 300 may further comprise a selection module 304, but this is not mandatory.
- the detection system 300 further comprises a training module 306 designed to adjust parameters of the BB backbone network and, for each Hz head, the ⁇ Lz parameters of the Lz localization network and, where applicable, the parameters of the classification network Cz. This adjustment is carried out during a learning phase which will be described later.
- a method 400 for detecting an anomaly according to the invention will now be described.
- the method 400 firstly comprises the learning phase mentioned above, which comprises the following steps.
- a zone z is a part of a part, in particular a homogeneous part, for example with a particular geometry and/or material.
- the choice of the different zones z is for example made by taking into account the heterogeneity of the part to be inspected, that is to say the geometric and physical specificities linked to the different zones of the part.
- the zones z thus have different structures.
- a blade root generally has few cavity, unlike the blade.
- the blade thus has a certain percentage of void relative to its total volume due to the presence of one or more cavities.
- the root also has a certain percentage of void relative to its total volume (which may be zero in the absence of a cavity).
- the percentage of void in the blade is then greater than the percentage of void in the root, for example at least 10% greater.
- training images I* are obtained. These training images I* come from several training parts, for each view of each zone z.
- the acquisition system 200 is used to acquire the training images I*.
- Each training image I* is preferably obtained from several projections of the same part, according to the same view, for example by averaging these projections. This makes it possible to reduce the acquisition noise.
- each training image I* can be processed by the processing module 302, in order to facilitate the analysis by the detection device 300.
- one or more anomalies are searched for in each training image I* and each anomaly found is located. This step is for example carried out by a human operator.
- the location of each anomaly found comprises a definition of a box, called an annotated box BOI*, which is rectangular and encompasses the anomaly found.
- This definition comprises for example a height and a width of the annotated box BOI*, as well as a position of the annotated box BOI* in the training image I*.
- Each anomaly found can furthermore for example be classified by the human operator according to a predefined classification (for example: inclusion, excess thickness, residue, excess thickness, etc.).
- the human operator defines the boxes annotated BOI* A2 , BOI* A3 , BOI* B1 , BOI* B3 around the anomalies of the training images I* A2 , I* A3 , I* B1 , I* B3 , respectively.
- the training images I* are preferably representative of the variability of the parts to be inspected as well as of the different homogeneous zones of the part to be inspected.
- the number of training images with anomalies must be sufficient to be able to teach the detection device 300 characteristics representative of each anomaly.
- a training database is thus obtained comprising the training images I* and, for each of them: an indication IND of the zone z represented on the training image and a training result comprising, for each anomaly found, a location of this anomaly with possibly a classification of this anomaly in the case where the anomalies are classified.
- the location comprises for example a box annotated BOI* encompassing the anomaly found.
- reference boxes AN are determined for each zone z. The reference boxes are preferably different from one zone z to another.
- Each reference box AN is characterized by its dimensions, for example a height and a width.
- the dimensions of the annotated boxes BOI* associated with at least a portion of the training images I* of each zone z are for example partitioned (from the English “clustering”) to obtain one or more groups (“clusters” in English) of similar dimensions of the annotated boxes BOI*.
- a partitioning by K-mean from English: the English "K-means" is carried out.
- a reference box AN is then associated with each of the groups found, with dimensions derived from the dimensions of the group considered, for example by taking a centroid of the group considered.
- the partitioning can give four groups for the zone A (blade blade), i.e. four reference boxes AN A1 , AN A2 , AN A3 , AN A4 , and three groups for the zone B (blade roots), i.e. three reference boxes AN B1 , AN B2 , AN B3 .
- the detection system 300 is trained by supervised learning from the training images I* and the associated training results.
- each training image I* is provided to the backbone network BB and the training module 306 adjusts the parameters ⁇ BB of the backbone network BB and of the Hz head associated with the zone z represented on the training image I* considered, to improve the detection and localization in this zone z.
- the parameters of the other head(s) are not adjusted from the training image I* considered.
- the parameters ⁇ Lz , ⁇ Cz of the Hz heads are adjusted with respectively the training images of the zones z associated with them. In other words, the other heads are left unchanged.
- the training aims for example first of all to associate, with each annotated box BOI* surrounding an anomaly in the training image I*, a reference box AN among those associated with the zone z represented in the training image I* and a position of this reference box AN, so that the reference box AN at this position is close to the annotated box BOI*.
- the training aims for example furthermore to associate, with each annotated box BOI* surrounding an anomaly in the training image I*, a high probability of anomaly in the repositioned reference box AN, as well as the annotated anomaly class when classes are used.
- the backbone network BB acquires a certain function, not explained.
- the output of the BB backbone network forms a hidden layer of the complete network (BB backbone network and Hz head networks) and the intermediate representation RI, also called hidden representation (of the English "hidden representation”), comprises internal abstract characteristics or concepts, which the complete network learns during its training.
- the intermediate representation RI also called hidden representation (of the English "hidden representation”
- each training image is provided in full to the backbone network BB. This is advantageous in particular in terms of calculation time because a single pass through the detection system 300 is sufficient to obtain a prediction on the complete training image.
- the parameters are for example adjusted iteratively, for example by batch of training images and the adjustment of the parameters is for example carried out by a gradient descent algorithm.
- a gradient descent algorithm makes it possible to find the minimum of any convex function by progressively converging towards it.
- the training images I* are divided into batches Kj (1 ⁇ j ⁇ J), each batch Kj being able to comprise training images of different zones z.
- the training images I* of each batch Kj are then successively provided as input to the detection device 300 to respectively obtain prediction results Rj.
- the parameters ⁇ BB of the backbone network BB, the parameters ⁇ Lz of the detection network Lz and, in the case the parameters ⁇ Cz of the classification network Cz of the head Hz are updated from the loss functions I "# ($ %% , $ "# ) and I &# ($ %% , $ &# ) determined.
- the gradient descent algorithm uses the following equation for each zone z: [Math.1] 3.
- each training image I* participates in the development of the loss function(s) I "# ($ %% , $ "# ) and I &# ($ %% , $ &# ) associated with the area z represented on this training image I*.
- the parameters ⁇ BB of the backbone network BB are adjusted from each training image I*, regardless of the area z represented, while only the parameters ⁇ Lz , of the head Hz associated with the zone z represented on the training image I* are adjusted, and not the parameters of the or of the other heads.
- a first batch K1 comprises the training images I* A1 , I* A2 , I* B3 and a second batch K2 comprises the training images I* B1 , I* B2 , I* A3 .
- the training images I* A1 , I* A2 , I* B3 of the first batch K1 are thus first provided to the detection device 300.
- the head HA then provides the results R A1 , R A2 .
- the head HB then provides the result R B3 .
- a new training iteration can then begin, by again providing the training images I* to the detection system 300.
- the method 400 then comprises a prediction phase.
- an image to be inspected Img is obtained, for example by means of the acquisition system 200.
- This image to be inspected Img represents one of the zones z according to a view among the predefined view(s) of this zone z.
- the image to be inspected Img represents the blade (zone A) of a vane, according to the single predefined view for the blade.
- the image to be inspected Img must preferably be processed in the same way as the training images I* by the processing module 302.
- the image to be inspected Img is provided to the detection system 300, if necessary after processing.
- the selection module 304 when the selection module 304 is present, the zone z represented on the image to be inspected Img is indicated to the selection module 304, which deactivates for example the head(s) associated with the zone(s) other than that indicated. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 14, the zone A is indicated to the selection module 304. In response, the latter deactivates the head HB and leaves the head HA active.
- all the heads inspect for example the image to be inspected Img, but only the output of the head associated with the area of the image to be inspected Img is relevant.
- the backbone network BB provides an intermediate representation RI of the image to be inspected Img.
- the head Hz associated with the zone z represented on the image to be inspected Img searches for one or more anomalies and locates each anomaly found, from the intermediate representation RI.
- a result R of this search and this location is recovered at the output of the head Hz associated with the zone z represented on the image to be inspected Img.
- the result R comprises, for each reference box AN associated with the zone z represented on the image to be inspected Img, a position of this reference box AN in the image Img and a probability of the presence of an anomaly in this reference box AN.
- An anomaly can thus be considered as found when this probability is greater than a predefined threshold.
- the Hz heads can further be designed to perform a segmentation of each anomaly found, i.e. a classification of each pixel of the reference box AN containing this anomaly, for example according to two values: one value indicating a pixel with anomaly and another value indicating a pixel without anomaly.
- the detection device 300 is for example a computer system comprising a data processing unit 1502 (such as a microprocessor) and a main memory 1504 (such as a RAM memory, from the English “Random Access Memory”) accessible by the processing unit 1502.
- a data processing unit 1502 such as a microprocessor
- main memory 1504 such as a RAM memory, from the English “Random Access Memory”
- the computer system further comprises for example a network interface and/or a computer-readable medium, such as for example a local medium 1506 (such as a local hard disk) or a remote medium (such as a remote hard disk and accessible via the network interface through a communication network) or even a removable medium (such as a USB key, from the English “Universal Serial Bus”, or a CD, from the English “Compact Disc” or a DVD, from the English “Digital Versatile Disc”) readable by means of an appropriate reader of the computer system (such as a USB port or a CD disk reader). and/or DVD).
- a computer program P containing instructions for the processing unit 1502 is recorded on the local medium 1506 and/or downloadable via the network interface.
- This computer program P is for example intended to be loaded into the main memory 1504, so that the processing unit 1502 executes its instructions.
- the instructions are for example organized into software modules respectively implementing the elements of the detection device 300, as described with reference to FIG. 3.
- all or part of these modules could be implemented in the form of hardware modules, that is to say in the form of an electronic circuit, for example micro-wired, not involving a computer program.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. It will indeed appear to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the embodiments described above, in light of the teaching which has just been disclosed to him.
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480038194.6A CN121336234A (zh) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-05-30 | 航空部件中的异常检测 |
| EP24733658.9A EP4724978A1 (fr) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-05-30 | Detection d'anomalie dans une piece aeronautique |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2305806 | 2023-06-08 | ||
| FR2305806A FR3149712B1 (fr) | 2023-06-08 | 2023-06-08 | Detection d’anomalie dans une piece aeronautique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024252083A1 true WO2024252083A1 (fr) | 2024-12-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2024/050687 Ceased WO2024252083A1 (fr) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-05-30 | Detection d'anomalie dans une piece aeronautique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4724978A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121336234A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3149712B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024252083A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090066939A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-12 | General Electric Company | Method for automatic identification of defects in turbine engine blades |
| US20110182495A1 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2011-07-28 | General Electric Company | System and method for automatic defect recognition of an inspection image |
| US8238635B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2012-08-07 | General Electric Company | Method and system for identifying defects in radiographic image data corresponding to a scanned object |
| US20170169400A1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | General Electric Company | Automatic Classification of Aircraft Component Distress |
| FR3058816A1 (fr) | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-18 | Safran | Procede de controle non-destructif de piece metallique |
| US20200151869A1 (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Flexible visual inspection model composition and model instance scheduling |
| US20220215522A1 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2022-07-07 | Safran | Method for training a system for automatically detecting a defect in a turbomachine blade |
| US20220236197A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-28 | General Electric Company | Inspection assistant for aiding visual inspections of machines |
-
2023
- 2023-06-08 FR FR2305806A patent/FR3149712B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-05-30 CN CN202480038194.6A patent/CN121336234A/zh active Pending
- 2024-05-30 EP EP24733658.9A patent/EP4724978A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-05-30 WO PCT/FR2024/050687 patent/WO2024252083A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090066939A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-12 | General Electric Company | Method for automatic identification of defects in turbine engine blades |
| US8238635B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2012-08-07 | General Electric Company | Method and system for identifying defects in radiographic image data corresponding to a scanned object |
| US20110182495A1 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2011-07-28 | General Electric Company | System and method for automatic defect recognition of an inspection image |
| US20170169400A1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-06-15 | General Electric Company | Automatic Classification of Aircraft Component Distress |
| FR3058816A1 (fr) | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-18 | Safran | Procede de controle non-destructif de piece metallique |
| US20200151869A1 (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Flexible visual inspection model composition and model instance scheduling |
| US20220215522A1 (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2022-07-07 | Safran | Method for training a system for automatically detecting a defect in a turbomachine blade |
| US20220236197A1 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-28 | General Electric Company | Inspection assistant for aiding visual inspections of machines |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| EBRAHIMPOUR MOHAMMAD K ET AL: "Ventral-Dorsal Neural Networks: Object Detection Via Selective Attention", 2019 IEEE WINTER CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION (WACV), IEEE, 7 January 2019 (2019-01-07), pages 986 - 994, XP033525684, DOI: 10.1109/WACV.2019.00110 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121336234A (zh) | 2026-01-13 |
| EP4724978A1 (fr) | 2026-04-15 |
| FR3149712B1 (fr) | 2025-05-02 |
| FR3149712A1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
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