WO2024252103A1 - Système d'alimentation d'une chambre de combustion à partir d'une cartouche de carburant - Google Patents
Système d'alimentation d'une chambre de combustion à partir d'une cartouche de carburant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024252103A1 WO2024252103A1 PCT/FR2024/050737 FR2024050737W WO2024252103A1 WO 2024252103 A1 WO2024252103 A1 WO 2024252103A1 FR 2024050737 W FR2024050737 W FR 2024050737W WO 2024252103 A1 WO2024252103 A1 WO 2024252103A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- cartridge
- combustion chamber
- injector
- ramp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/222—Fuel flow conduits, e.g. manifolds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/228—Dividing fuel between various burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
- F02C7/232—Fuel valves; Draining valves or systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
- F02C7/264—Ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/50—Application for auxiliary power units (APU's)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/85—Starting
Definitions
- TITLE System for supplying a combustion chamber from a fuel cartridge
- the present invention relates to the low and/or high altitude starting of aircraft turbomachines, in particular relatively small turbomachines.
- the present invention relates to fuel supply systems for a combustion chamber of an aircraft turbomachine, in particular during a start-up phase of the turbomachine, also called ignition, or a cruising phase, also called nominal speed.
- the invention applies to any combustion chamber requiring starting by fuel injection.
- the start-up phase can be differentiated from the nominal speed of the turbomachine by the rotational speed of the turbomachine turbine as well as by the fuel flow rates injected into the combustion chamber, in particular for a start-up at high altitude, for example for an altitude greater than 3000 meters.
- the fuel injected is for example a liquid fuel, such as kerosene.
- the fuel injection flow rate is very low, of the order of 20 to 90 litres per hour, whereas it is 200 to 700 litres per hour during nominal operation. These are orders of magnitude which vary according to the size of the engine.
- Figure 1 schematically shows a fuel supply system 1 for a combustion chamber according to the state of the art.
- the current fuel supply system 1 of the combustion chamber comprises a first and a second ramp 3 and 5 supplying the combustion chamber with fuel, the two ramps 3 and 5 being supplied by the same pump 7 connected to a fuel tank (not shown).
- the first ramp 3 comprises one or more starting injectors 9 and is configured so that as soon as the pump 7 is started, the starting injector 9 is supplied and is configured to spray fuel into the combustion chamber.
- the second ramp 5 comprises one or more nominal speed injectors 11 and a calibrated shutter 13.
- the calibrated shutter 13 is configured to pass fuel when the pressure of said fuel is greater than a predetermined calibration pressure.
- the nominal speed injector 11 is supplied when the pressure of the fuel at the outlet of the pump 7 is greater than the calibration pressure. Above said calibration pressure, the two ramps 3 and 5 are therefore supplied.
- the start-up injector 9 is configured to supply the combustion chamber with a low flow rate unlike the nominal speed injector 11. It is from the need to sequentially supply the two ramps 3 and 5 that the use of a calibrated shutter 13 and the achievement of a calibration threshold pressure arises to supply the second ramp 5.
- the present invention therefore aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to provide a fuel supply system for a combustion chamber which is simpler and whose dimensions are optimized.
- the present invention relates to a system for supplying fuel to a combustion chamber of an aircraft turbomachine, comprising a first fuel rail and a second fuel rail, the first rail comprising a starter injector, a cartridge configured to contain fuel, and a first line configured to transport fuel from the cartridge to the starter injector, the second rail comprising a rated speed injector, a second line, and a pump configured to deliver fuel from a fuel tank to the rated speed injector via the second line.
- the combustion start-up phase in a combustion chamber is only required once, lasts only a few seconds and uses only a small amount of fuel. There is therefore an interest in relieving the pump of the start-up phase, and thus in sizing the pump to the exact need by dissociating the components supplying the two ramps.
- the system according to the invention makes it possible to do without a calibrated shutter on the second ramp, simplifies the architecture of the supply system by allowing the pump to be dimensioned correctly, allows a reduction in its mass, and an increase in its reliability.
- the cartridge comprises an expulsion means configured to expel fuel contained in the cartridge when said expulsion means is triggered.
- the expulsion means comprises a spring as well as a piston, and/or a pressurized gas.
- the first ramp comprises a trigger configured to trigger the expulsion means.
- the first pipe of the first ramp comprises a calibrated shutter.
- the cartridge has a volume of between 5 and 50 centilitres.
- the pump is electric or mechanically driven.
- the cartridge is configured to be refillable with fuel in the event of a start failure and/or the first rail comprises at least two cartridges configured to contain fuel.
- the present invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising a combustion chamber and comprising a system as defined above.
- the present invention also relates to an aircraft comprising the system or the turbomachine as defined above.
- the present invention also relates to a method for supplying fuel to a combustion chamber of a turbomachine of an aircraft for starting the turbomachine, with a system, a turbomachine or an aircraft as defined above, the method comprising the following steps:
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel supply system for a combustion chamber according to the state of the art
- FIG 2 is a schematic representation of a fuel supply system for a combustion chamber according to the invention.
- FIG 3 is a schematic representation of a turbomachine according to the invention.
- FIG 4 is a schematic representation of the steps of a method of supplying fuel to a combustion chamber according to the invention.
- FIG 2 schematically shows a fuel supply system 15 for a combustion chamber of an aircraft turbomachine (shown in Figure 3).
- the fuel supply system 15 comprises a first fuel supply rail 17 and a second fuel supply rail 19 separate from the first rail 17 and supplied by different fuel sources.
- the first ramp 17 comprises a starting injector 21, a cartridge 23 configured to contain fuel and a first pipe 25 configured to transport fuel from the cartridge 23 to the starting injector 21.
- the first ramp optionally comprises several starting injectors 21 depending on the size of the combustion chamber to be supplied or the type of turbomachine.
- the cartridge 23 has for example a volume between 5 and 50 centilitres, preferably between 12 and 25 centilitres.
- the starting injector 21 includes a spray device configured to spray a fuel into the combustion chamber, the starting injector 21 being operable to start combustion in the combustion chamber.
- the injection rate of the starting injector 21 is low, for example between 20 and 90 liters per hour.
- a low-flow starting injector 21 makes it possible to perform a combustion start at high altitude, for example at an altitude greater than 3000 meters, during pressure and temperature conditions requiring a fuel injection different from an injection in a cruising phase. For a combustion start at low altitude, it is thus not necessary to use the first supply ramp 17, the second ramp 19 is sufficient under these pressure and temperature conditions.
- the fuel is for example liquid, such as kerosene, or gaseous.
- the second ramp 19 comprises a nominal speed injector 27, a second pipe 29, and a pump 31 configured to send fuel from a fuel tank (shown in FIG. 3) to the nominal speed injector 27 via the second pipe 29.
- the second ramp 19 optionally comprises several nominal speed injectors 27 depending on the size of the combustion chamber to be supplied or the type of turbomachine.
- the nominal speed injector 27 comprises a spraying device configured to spray a fuel into the combustion chamber, the nominal speed injector 27 making it possible to maintain combustion in the combustion chamber at a nominal speed, in other words during operation of a turbomachine in a cruise phase of an aircraft.
- the injection flow rate of the nominal speed injector 27 is for example between 200 and 700 liters per hour, i.e. approximately 10 times greater than that of the starting injector 21.
- the cartridge 23 comprises an expulsion means 33 configured to expel fuel contained in the cartridge 23 when said expulsion means 33 is triggered.
- the expulsion means 33 comprises a spring 35 as well as a piston 37 delimiting a chamber 38 in the cartridge 23 configured to contain fuel.
- the expulsion means 33 comprises a pressurized gas with or without a piston, the pressurized gas forcing the cartridge 23 to empty itself of fuel.
- the first ramp 17 further comprises a trigger 39 configured to trigger the expulsion means 33 in order to release the fuel towards the starting injector 21.
- the trigger 39 is for example an electromagnetic lock which, when open, triggers the expulsion means 33 in order to release the fuel towards the starting injector 21.
- the first pipe 25 of the first ramp 17 comprises a calibrated shutter 41 in order to limit the release of fuel to a predetermined pressure, so that the fuel is not released without reason.
- the calibrated shutter 41 can be positioned in addition to the trigger 39 in order to ensure that fuel does not escape unnecessarily from the cartridge 23.
- the calibrated shutter 41 can also be positioned as an alternative to the trigger 39.
- the cartridge 23 is configured to be refillable with fuel in the event of a start failure or for the purpose of reuse.
- the first ramp 17 comprises at least two cartridges 23 configured to contain fuel and both connected to the starting injector 21 via the first pipe 25.
- the second cartridge 23 allows a subsequent start, or acts as a backup cartridge 23 if combustion has not started after the fuel from the first cartridge 23 has been injected.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a turbomachine43 of an aircraft comprising a fuel supply system 15 for a combustion chamber 45.
- the turbomachine comprises a combustion chamber 45, an exhaust nozzle 47, a turbine 49, and a main compressor. 51 supplying air to the combustion chamber 45 from an air inlet 53. The air flow entering the combustion chamber 45 helps disperse the injected fuel and allows for stabilization of the combustion.
- the turbomachine 43 also comprises an accessory housing 55 and a central shaft 57 to which the accessory housing 55, the main compressor 51 and the turbine 49 are connected.
- the accessory box 55 is also connected to a generator 59, in other words an on-board alternator.
- the turbomachine 43 is an auxiliary power unit of an aircraft and optionally comprises a charge compressor 61 making it possible to direct air towards an air circuit 63 in the direction of the cabin of the aircraft.
- the feed system 15 shown is similar and embodiment shown in Figure 2.
- the first ramp 17 also includes an optional second cartridge 23.
- the turbomachine 43 further comprises a tank 65 configured to contain fuel intended to be sent into the combustion chamber 45 by the pump 31.
- the combustion chamber 45 further comprises an igniter 67, for example a spark plug in order to initiate the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber 45.
- the pump 31 of the supply system 15 is mechanically driven by the accessory box 55.
- the pump 31 of the power supply system 15 is electric and supplied with electricity by the generator 59 or by an electrical energy storage, typically a battery, which can be recharged by the generator 59.
- an electrical energy storage typically a battery
- Figure 4 schematically shows the steps of a method of supplying fuel to a combustion chamber 45. of a turbomachine 43 of an aircraft for starting the turbomachine 43, with a power supply system 15 as described previously.
- a step 69 of spraying the fuel contained in the cartridge 23 towards the combustion chamber 45 is first carried out by means of the starting injector 21.
- the spraying step 69 comprises for example a step 71 of activating the trigger 39 configured to trigger the expulsion means 33, itself making it possible to more easily expel the fuel from the cartridge 23 towards the combustion chamber 45.
- a step 73 of creating a flame with the igniter 67 must be carried out if combustion is desired.
- the fuel present in the cartridge 23 is different from the fuel contained in the fuel tank 65.
- a different fuel in the cartridge 23 makes it possible, for example, to enrich the air/fuel mixture in order to facilitate the start of combustion in the combustion chamber 45.
- a step 75 of igniting the pump 31 and thus of spraying fuel via the nominal speed injector 27 is carried out, said spraying of fuel via the nominal speed injector 27 being initiated before the previous step 69 of spraying a fuel contained in the cartridge 23 is completed, so as not to stop the combustion.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480038089.2A CN121263595A (zh) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-06 | 用于从燃料盒对燃烧室进行供应的系统 |
| EP24736483.9A EP4724694A1 (fr) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-06 | Système d'alimentation d'une chambre de combustion à partir d'une cartouche de carburant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2305865 | 2023-06-09 | ||
| FR2305865A FR3149645B1 (fr) | 2023-06-09 | 2023-06-09 | Système d’alimentation d’une chambre de combustion à partir d’une cartouche de carburant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024252103A1 true WO2024252103A1 (fr) | 2024-12-12 |
Family
ID=88291126
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2024/050737 Ceased WO2024252103A1 (fr) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-06 | Système d'alimentation d'une chambre de combustion à partir d'une cartouche de carburant |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4724694A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121263595A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3149645B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024252103A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2353440A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-02 | 1977-12-30 | Sundstrand Corp | Mecanisme de mise en oeuvre d'un circuit hydraulique de secours |
| US5214911A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1993-06-01 | Sundstrand Corporation | Method and apparatus for high altitude starting of gas turbine engine |
| EP1965056A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-03 | Turbomeca | Procédé pour le démarrage d'un moteur d'hélicoptère à turbine à gaz, circuit d'alimentation en carburant d'un tel moteur, et moteur ayant un tel circuit |
| EP3933270A1 (fr) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-01-05 | General Electric Company | Procédés d'allumage de carburant liquide dans une turbomachine |
-
2023
- 2023-06-09 FR FR2305865A patent/FR3149645B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-06-06 WO PCT/FR2024/050737 patent/WO2024252103A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-06 EP EP24736483.9A patent/EP4724694A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-06-06 CN CN202480038089.2A patent/CN121263595A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2353440A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-02 | 1977-12-30 | Sundstrand Corp | Mecanisme de mise en oeuvre d'un circuit hydraulique de secours |
| US5214911A (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1993-06-01 | Sundstrand Corporation | Method and apparatus for high altitude starting of gas turbine engine |
| EP1965056A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-03 | Turbomeca | Procédé pour le démarrage d'un moteur d'hélicoptère à turbine à gaz, circuit d'alimentation en carburant d'un tel moteur, et moteur ayant un tel circuit |
| EP3933270A1 (fr) * | 2020-06-30 | 2022-01-05 | General Electric Company | Procédés d'allumage de carburant liquide dans une turbomachine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4724694A1 (fr) | 2026-04-15 |
| CN121263595A (zh) | 2026-01-02 |
| FR3149645B1 (fr) | 2025-04-25 |
| FR3149645A1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
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