WO2024252911A1 - クロロシラン類の製造方法 - Google Patents
クロロシラン類の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024252911A1 WO2024252911A1 PCT/JP2024/018579 JP2024018579W WO2024252911A1 WO 2024252911 A1 WO2024252911 A1 WO 2024252911A1 JP 2024018579 W JP2024018579 W JP 2024018579W WO 2024252911 A1 WO2024252911 A1 WO 2024252911A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/08—Compounds containing halogen
- C01B33/107—Halogenated silanes
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- the present invention relates to a method for producing chlorosilanes. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing chlorosilanes including trichlorosilane by reacting a silicon source with hydrogen chloride or tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen.
- a typical solar cell module for solar power generation has a three-layer structure: a reinforced glass surface, a sealing resin layer on the inside, and a back sheet on the back.
- Solar cells made of single crystal or polycrystalline silicon are arranged in the sealing resin layer and connected with electric wires (interconnectors).
- the sealing resin is required to have transparency, flexibility, adhesiveness, tensile strength, weather resistance, etc., and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter abbreviated as "EVA”) is generally used, which serves to bond the reinforced glass, cells, and back sheet by heating and pressurizing. While the introduction of solar power generation has progressed significantly, the issue of recycling solar cell modules when they are discarded has been pointed out.
- the above method allows the backsheet, sealing resin layer, and other resin components to be removed from the solar cell module, and the glass, cells, aluminum frame, etc. to be separated and recovered.
- the glass, aluminum frames, etc. recovered using the above method can be reused for solar cell modules and other uses.
- the cells recovered using the above method are mainly composed of polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon, they contain metal components such as wiring materials used to construct the solar cell module and resin components used as adhesives. Therefore, further purification measures are necessary to use the recovered cells as they are as cell materials.
- Patent Document 4 a method including a primary acid leaching step in which an acid leaching solution is added to crushed waste solar silicon to leach and stir impurities contained in the waste solar silicon has been proposed (see Patent Document 4).
- a method has been proposed in which recovered solar panels are disassembled, immersed in an FeCl3 solution, pickled with hydrochloric acid, and a portion of the organic material is decomposed by heating at 330°C to 380°C, crushed into powder, purified by melting and refining, and then solidified to obtain regenerated silicon (see Patent Document 5).
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research into the above problem. Analysis of impurities in polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon recovered from solar cell modules confirmed the presence of metal components derived from wiring materials such as aluminum, and organic matter derived from resin. Therefore, methods for reusing such polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon were investigated. As a result, it was found that it is possible to efficiently produce the above chlorosilanes by using them as a silicon source when obtaining chlorosilanes such as trichlorosilane by reacting silicon with hydrogen chloride or tetrachlorosilane with hydrogen. Furthermore, the obtained chlorosilanes were of the same quality as those produced from metal silicon. Therefore, it was found that impurities derived from the above polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon (metal impurities, carbon derived from resin) can be removed by conventional methods for purifying chlorosilanes, which led to the completion of the present invention.
- Silicon metal contains metals such as iron, aluminum, and calcium, which act as catalysts in the reaction between silicon metal and hydrogen chloride, or between tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen, and have the effect of promoting the reaction. However, if these catalytic components are present in excess, they accumulate in the reaction vessel during the reaction, reducing the fluidity of the silicon source in the reaction vessel or affecting the purification efficiency of chlorosilanes after the reaction.
- polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon recovered from solar cell modules contains aluminum derived from the wiring material on the surface, but does not contain iron or calcium, or the content is very low.
- the notation "A to B" for the numerical values A and B means “A or more and B or less.” In such notation, when a unit is added only to the numerical value B, the unit is also applied to the numerical value A. Below, a detailed description is given of a method for producing chlorosilanes according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a silicon source is reacted with hydrogen chloride to produce chlorosilanes.
- This production reaction is represented by the following formula (1): Si+3HCl ⁇ SiHCl 3 +H 2 (1)
- the following formula (2) Si+4HCl ⁇ SiCl 4 +2H 2 (2)
- tetrachlorosilane is produced as a by-product, and further, dichlorosilane is also produced as a by-product, although in a small amount.
- tetrachlorosilane (SiCl 4 ), a by-product produced during the production of polysilicon, is converted to trichlorosilane and reused in the production of polysilicon.
- trichlorosilane is produced from metal silicon, tetrachlorosilane, and hydrogen according to the following reaction formula (3). 3SiCl 4 +2H 2 +Si ⁇ 4SiHCl 3 (3)
- the method for producing chlorosilanes according to one embodiment of the present invention can be used in any of the above production methods.
- the manufacturing method according to one aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the silicon source contains at least one of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon (hereinafter collectively referred to as "recovered silicon") recovered from solar panels.
- the silicon source contains at least one of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon (hereinafter collectively referred to as "recovered silicon") recovered from solar panels.
- monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon recovered by a known method can be used.
- polycrystalline silicon recovered from solar panels because of the reactivity of the reaction of the chlorosilanes.
- Specific examples of the method for recovering monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon include the method described in Patent Document 3.
- Patent Document 3 The method described in Patent Document 3 is a method in which a waste solar panel containing monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon is heated to heat and melt the resin in the waste solar panel, the heat-melted resin is burned, and then monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon is recovered from the waste solar panel.
- the recovered silicon also contains impurities such as metal components such as aluminum and organic matter derived from the resin material, but in the manufacturing method according to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to use the recovered silicon containing impurities as is. However, if the content of these impurities is too high, there is a risk that they cannot be sufficiently removed during purification operations after the reaction, so it is preferable that the content of at least one impurity in the recovered silicon is one of the following. Note that the content in the following description is the content per 100 parts by mass of at least one type of recovered silicon.
- Aluminum preferably from 50 to 3,000,000 ppm by mass, more preferably from 50 to 300,000 ppm by mass, even more preferably from 50 to 10,000 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably from 50 to 1,000 ppm by mass.
- Iron preferably 100 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 50 to 90 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably 60 to 90 ppm by mass.
- Calcium preferably 100 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 1 to 90 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably 1 to 80 ppm by mass.
- Carbon preferably 500 ppm by mass or less, more preferably 1 to 300 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably 1 to 100 ppm by mass.
- the content of metal components, i.e., aluminum, iron, and calcium, in the silicon source or recovered silicon can be measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF).
- XRF X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
- the silicon source can be dissolved in fluoronitric acid, and the filtrate can be measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- the carbon content of the silicon source or recovered silicon can be determined by measuring CO and CO2 by combustion-infrared absorption method.
- the surface of the recovered silicon recovered from waste solar panels may be washed with an acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrofluoric acid, or an alkali such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. After the washing, the impurities can be reduced to a desired range by washing with pure water and drying.
- an acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrofluoric acid
- an alkali such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- the particle size when using the recovered silicon as a silicon source there are no particular restrictions on the particle size when using the recovered silicon as a silicon source. From the viewpoint of reactivity with hydrogen chloride or tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen, it is preferably 30 to 2000 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the silicon source may contain at least one of the above recovered silicons, and the entire amount of the silicon source may be the recovered silicon.
- the recovered silicon may be a combination of the above-mentioned washed recovered silicon and unwashed recovered silicon.
- the recovered silicon may be mixed with the metal silicon described below.
- metal components such as iron, aluminum, and calcium act catalytically and have the effect of promoting the reaction. Therefore, when using these as the silicon source, the content of metal components such as iron, aluminum, and calcium in the silicon source may be appropriately adjusted.
- the content of recovered silicon in 100 parts by mass of the silicon source is preferably 1 to 99 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 99 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 80 to 95 parts by mass.
- the metallic silicon used in the above reaction may be any known one, such as metallurgical metallic silicon or ferrosilicate, without any particular limitations. There are also no particular limitations on the components or content of impurities, such as iron compounds, contained in the metallic silicon. Such metallic silicon is usually used in the form of a fine powder having an average particle size of about 100 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the hydrogen chloride used in the reaction with the silicon source may be contaminated with hydrogen or the like without any restrictions.
- chlorosilanes such as trichlorosilane, tetrachlorosilane, and dichlorosilane are highly hydrolyzable and react with moisture. Therefore, if the hydrogen chloride contains moisture, the yield of the generated trichlorosilane may decrease. Therefore, it is preferable that the hydrogen chloride is in a dry state.
- the hydrogen used in the reaction with the silicon source is not particularly limited, and may be pure hydrogen, or hydrogen recovered after the reaction of the silicon source with hydrogen chloride, or tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen, etc. As with the hydrogen chloride, it is preferable that the hydrogen be in a dry state.
- a catalyst in the reaction between a silicon source and hydrogen chloride or between tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen.
- the catalyst any known catalyst component in the reaction between a silicon source and hydrogen chloride or between tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen can be used without any particular limitation.
- Such catalyst components include, in addition to the above-mentioned aluminum, iron, and calcium, metals of Groups 8 to 10, such as cobalt, nickel, palladium, and platinum, or their chlorides, and metals or chlorides of copper, titanium, and the like. These catalysts can be used alone or in combination with a plurality of catalysts. There are no particular restrictions on the amount of the catalyst components used, so long as it is an amount that efficiently produces trichlorosilane, and it may be determined appropriately taking into account the capacity of the production equipment, etc. In general, it is sufficient to use 0.05 to 40% by weight, and particularly 0.1 to 5% by weight, of the metallic silicon, calculated as the metal element.
- the recovered silicon contains aluminum, and when metallic silicon is used in combination, the metallic silicon contains aluminum, iron, and calcium. Therefore, in the manufacturing method according to one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable to use a mixture in which the catalyst component content in the silicon source falls within the following range.
- the content in the following description is the content per 100 parts by mass of the silicon source.
- Aluminum preferably from 50 to 20,000 ppm by mass, more preferably from 500 to 10,000 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably from 600 to 6,000 ppm by mass.
- Iron preferably from 50 to 10,000 ppm by mass, more preferably from 50 to 5,000 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably from 1,000 to 3,000 ppm by mass.
- Calcium preferably from 50 to 5,000 ppm, more preferably from 50 to 3,000 ppm by mass, and particularly preferably from 50 to 500 ppm by mass.
- the content of metal components, i.e., aluminum, iron, and calcium, in the silicon source or recovered silicon can be measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF).
- XRF X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
- the silicon source can be dissolved in fluoronitric acid, and the filtrate can be measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
- ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- the carbon content of the silicon source or recovered silicon can be determined by measuring CO and CO2 by the combustion-infrared absorption method.
- the above catalyst components may be present by being added to the reaction system, but if the silicon source used contains catalyst components such as aluminum, iron, calcium, etc. as impurities, these impurities can be effectively used as catalyst components.
- the silicon source used contains catalyst components such as aluminum, iron, calcium, etc. as impurities, these impurities can be effectively used as catalyst components.
- metallic silicon that contains catalyst components as impurities, there is no problem in further adding catalyst components to the reaction system to increase the reactivity of the silicon source with hydrogen chloride, or tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen.
- any known reactor can be used without any particular restrictions.
- Specific examples of such reactors include fixed-bed reactors and fluidized-bed reactors.
- a fluidized-bed reactor is preferred because it is possible to continuously supply the silicon source and hydrogen chloride, or tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen, and continuously produce trichlorosilane.
- the above reaction is an exothermic and endothermic reaction, it is also preferred to use a fluidized-bed reactor from the viewpoint of achieving a uniform temperature distribution in the reaction region.
- the reaction temperature in the reaction between the silicon source and hydrogen chloride, or between tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen may be appropriately determined taking into consideration the material and capacity of the manufacturing equipment. If the reaction temperature is higher than necessary, the selectivity of trichlorosilane will decrease, and the amount of by-product chlorosilanes other than trichlorosilane, such as tetrachlorosilane and dichlorosilane, will increase.
- the reaction between the silicon source and hydrogen chloride is an exothermic reaction, and the reaction temperature is generally set in the range of 250 to 400°C.
- reaction temperature between the silicon source and tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, and the reaction temperature is generally set in the range of 400 to 700°C, particularly 450 to 600°C.
- reaction product gas contains by-product chlorosilanes other than trichlorosilane, such as tetrachlorosilane or dichlorosilane, and further contains by-product hydrogen and boron and the like contained as unavoidable impurities in the silicon source.
- the reaction product gas may first be passed through an appropriate filter to remove solid matter such as silicon source particles, and then subjected to condensation and separation. After passing through this filter, chlorosilanes including trichlorosilane are condensed and separated from the reaction product gas.
- the reaction product gas is cooled, but the cooling temperature need only be below the temperature at which various chlorosilanes condense, and can be appropriately determined taking into account factors such as the cooling capacity of the cooling device.
- the cooling means for condensation can be any known cooling means without any particular limitations, so long as it is possible to cool the reaction product gas to the above-mentioned cooling temperature.
- Specific examples of such cooling means include cooling means that cool the reaction product gas by passing it through a cooled heat exchanger, or cooling means that cool the reaction product gas by a condensate that has been condensed and cooled. These methods can be used alone or in combination.
- a pressurizer can be installed prior to the condensation and removal of chlorosilanes. Also, to protect the pressurizer, a preliminary chlorosilane condenser or filter, etc., can be installed upstream of the pressurizer.
- the condensate obtained from the reaction product gas by the above-mentioned condensation separation is a mixture of various chlorosilanes, and trichlorosilane is isolated by distillation.
- the recovered trichlorosilane is used as a precipitation raw material in the process of producing polysilicon.
- the exhaust gas after condensation and separation of chlorosilanes contains hydrogen gas as a main component and can be used as a hydrogen source for the production of various hydrogen gases, such as those used in the production of the above-mentioned chlorosilanes.
- a method for producing chlorosilanes according to a first aspect of the present invention is a method for producing chlorosilanes by reacting a silicon source with hydrogen chloride, or with tetrachlorosilane and hydrogen, to produce chlorosilanes, wherein the silicon source contains at least one of monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon recovered from solar panels.
- the content of at least one of the monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon per 100 parts by mass of the silicon source is 1 to 99 parts by mass.
- the aluminum content in 100 parts by mass of the silicon source is 50 to 20,000 ppm by mass.
- the iron content in 100 parts by mass of the silicon source is 50 to 10,000 ppm by mass.
- the calcium content in 100 parts by mass of the silicon source is 50 to 5,000 ppm by mass.
- the carbon content in 100 parts by mass of the silicon source is 10 to 10,000 ppm by mass.
- the aluminum content per 100 mass parts of at least one of the monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon in the silicon source is preferably 50 to 300,000 mass ppm.
- the iron content per 100 parts by mass of at least one of the monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon in the silicon source is 100 ppm by mass or less.
- the calcium content per 100 parts by mass of at least one of the monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon in the silicon source is 100 ppm by mass or less.
- the carbon content per 100 parts by mass of at least one of the monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon in the silicon source is 500 ppm by mass or less.
- the single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon recovered from the solar panel preferably include single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon recovered from the solar panel, and the surface of the single crystal silicon or polycrystalline silicon obtained is washed with an acid.
- ⁇ Silicon source> In the following examples, the following silicon sources were used: Unwashed recovered silicon: A waste solar panel containing single crystal silicon is heated to heat and melt the resin in the waste solar panel, and the resin that has been melted is then burned and recovered from the waste solar panel. Washed recovered silicon: The unwashed recovered silicon is immersed in 35% hydrochloric acid for 1 hour and then dried. Metallic silicon: Commercial product. Ferrous silicon: Commercial product. Copper silicon: A mixture of a commercial product and metallic silicon.
- the contents of aluminum, iron, calcium, and copper in each silicon source were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) (ZSX Primus IV (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation)).
- XRF X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
- ZSX Primus IV manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- the low concentration range of the above metal elements was measured by high-frequency inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) (Optima 8300 (manufactured by PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.)).
- the carbon content was determined by measuring CO and CO2 by a combustion-infrared absorption method (EMIA-110 (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.)).
- EMIA-110 combustion-infrared absorption method
- reaction rate ((amount of silicon source filled) ⁇ (amount of reaction residue))/(amount of silicon source filled) ⁇ 100
- the reaction residue was visually observed to confirm the presence or absence of silicon lumps with a particle size of 1 mm or more.
- the methyldichlorosilane (MDCS) content of the above obtained coolant was measured using a gas chromatograph.
- the remaining silicon lumps which are agglomerations of silicon reaction residue, indicate a deterioration in fluidity and reactivity within the reactor during long-term operation.
- Example 1 The above production was carried out using a mixture of 98 parts by mass of washed and recovered silicon and 2 parts by mass of unwashed and recovered silicon as the silicon source. As a result, the reaction rate was 16% and almost no silicon lumps were observed. The content of methyldichlorosilane was 0.3 ppma. Table 2 shows the iron, calcium, aluminum, and carbon contents of the silicon source used, the reaction rate, the presence or absence of silicon lumps, and the content of MDCS.
- Examples 2 to 5 Comparative Example 1> The production was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the silicon source shown in the table was used in the amount shown in Table 2. The reaction rate and the MDCS content are shown as relative values, with the result of Example 1 being set at 1. The results are shown in Table 2. Even when recovered silicon was used, the reaction rate could be improved to the same level as when metal silicon was used by adjusting the impurity content. On the other hand, since the calcium content of recovered silicon is smaller than that of metal silicon, it is presumed that the amount of silicon chunks that cause poor flow is small. Furthermore, since the carbon content of recovered silicon is also smaller than that of metal silicon, the amount of MDCS derived from carbon is also small, and chlorosilanes of higher purity are obtained.
- reaction rate ((amount of silicon source filled) ⁇ (amount of reaction residue))/(amount of silicon source filled) ⁇ 100
- Example 6 The above production was carried out using a mixture of 98 parts by mass of washed and recovered silicon and 2 parts by mass of unwashed and recovered silicon as the silicon source. As a result, the reaction rate was 0.14%, which was almost no reaction. Table 3 shows the contents and reaction rates of iron, calcium, aluminum, carbon, and copper in the silicon source used.
- Examples 7 to 8 Comparative Examples 2 to 3> Production was carried out in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the silicon source was the one shown in Table 3 in the amount shown in Table 3. The reaction rate is shown as a relative value to the result of Example 6, which is set to 1. The results are shown in Table 3. Even when recovered silicon was used, the reaction rate could be improved to the same level as when metallic silicon was used by adjusting the impurity content.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様に係るクロロシラン類の製造方法では、シリコン源と塩化水素とを反応させてクロロシラン類を製造する。この生成反応は、下記式(1);
Si+3HCl → SiHCl3+H2 (1)
で表される。また、副反応として、下記式(2);
Si+4HCl → SiCl4+2H2 (2)
で表されるようにテトラクロロシランが副生し、さらに、微量ではあるがジクロロシランも副生する。
3SiCl4+2H2+Si → 4SiHCl3 (3)
本発明の一態様に係るクロロシラン類の製造方法は、上記いずれの製造においても用いることができる。
上記本発明の一態様に係る製造方法では、シリコン源として太陽光パネルから回収された単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコン(以下、「回収シリコン」と総称する)の少なくとも一種を含むことが特徴である。太陽光パネルからの単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの回収方法としては、公知の方法により回収された単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンを用いることができる。これらの中でも上記、クロロシラン類の反応の反応性から、太陽光パネルから回収された多結晶シリコンを用いることが好ましい。上記単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの回収方法として具体的には、前記特許文献3記載の方法等が挙げられる。特許文献3記載の方法は、単結晶シリコン又は多結晶シリコンを含む廃太陽光パネルを加熱して該廃太陽光パネル内の樹脂を加熱融解せしめ、加熱融解せしめた樹脂を燃焼せしめた後、該廃太陽光パネルより単結晶シリコン又は多結晶シリコンを回収する方法である。
・鉄:100質量ppm以下であることが好ましく、50~90質量ppmであることがより好ましく、60~90質量ppmであることが特に好ましい。
・カルシウム:100質量ppm以下であることが好ましく、1~90質量ppmであることがより好ましく、1~80質量ppmであることが特に好ましい。
・炭素:500質量ppm以下であることが好ましく、1~300質量ppmであることがより好ましく、1~100質量ppmであることが特に好ましい。
上記反応に使用される金属シリコンとしては、冶金製金属シリコン又は珪素鉄等、公知のものが何ら制限なく使用される。また、それら金属シリコンに含まれる鉄化合物等の不純物についても、その成分又は含有量において特に制限はない。かかる金属シリコンは、通常、平均粒径が100~500μm程度の微細な粉末の形態で使用される。
シリコン源との反応に使用される塩化水素は、水素等が混入していても何ら制限なく使用される。しかしながら、一般的に、トリクロロシラン、テトラクロロシラン、ジクロロシラン等のクロロシランは、加水分解性が高い為に水分と反応してしまう。このため、塩化水素に水分が含まれていると、生成したトリクロロシランの収率を下げる虞がある。したがって、この塩化水素は乾燥状態にあることが好ましい。
シリコン源との反応に使用される水素についても、特に制限されず、純水素、あるいは、シリコン源と塩化水素、又は、テトラクロロシラン及び水素との反応後に回収された水素等を用いることができる。上記塩化水素と同様、この水素は乾燥状態にあることが好ましい。
シリコン源と塩化水素、又は、テトラクロロシラン及び水素との反応は、効率良くトリクロロシランを製造するという観点から、触媒を用いることが好ましい。かかる触媒としては、シリコン源と塩化水素、又は、テトラクロロシラン及び水素との反応における触媒成分として公知のものが、特に制限なく用いることが可能である。
・鉄:50~10000質量ppmであることが好ましく、50~5000質量ppmであることがより好ましく、1000~3000質量ppmであることが特に好ましい。
・カルシウム:50~5000ppmであることが好ましく、50~3000質量ppmであることがより好ましく、50~500質量ppmであることが特に好ましい。
上記シリコン源と塩化水素、又は、テトラクロロシラン及び水素との反応により、トリクロロシランを含む反応生成ガスが発生する。この反応生成ガス中には、副生物であるテトラクロロシラン又はジクロロシラン等のトリクロロシラン以外のクロロシランが含まれており、さらに、副生する水素に加え、シリコン源に不可避的不純物として含まれているボロン等が混入している。
本発明の態様1に係るクロロシラン類の製造方法は、シリコン源と塩化水素、又は、テトラクロロシラン及び水素とを反応させてクロロシラン類を生成するクロロシラン類の製造方法であって、前記シリコン源が、太陽光パネルから回収された単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの少なくとも一種を含むことを特徴とする。
以下の実施例において、シリコン源としては、以下のものを使用した。
未洗浄回収シリコン:単結晶シリコンを含む廃太陽光パネルを加熱して該廃太陽光パネル内の樹脂を加熱融解せしめ、加熱融解せしめた樹脂を燃焼せしめた後、該廃太陽光パネルより回収したもの
洗浄回収シリコン:上記未洗浄回収シリコンを35%塩酸に1時間浸漬したのち、乾燥したもの
金属シリコン:市販品
珪素鉄:市販品
珪素銅:市販品と金属珪素との混合品
内径8mmのSUS製反応管にシリコン源10gを充填し、反応器を350℃に保持した後、塩化水素ガスと水素ガスをそれぞれ50ml/minで250min連続的に反応器に供給した。反応器からの排出ガスを-70℃まで冷却して冷却液を得た。
反応率=((シリコン源充填量)-(反応残渣量))/(シリコン源充填量)×100
シリコン源として洗浄回収シリコンを98質量部、未洗浄回収シリコンを2質量部と混合したものを用いて、上記の製造を行った。その結果、反応率が16%でシリコン塊はほとんど見られなかった。メチルジクロロシランの含有量が0.3ppmaであった。表2には用いたシリコン源の鉄とカルシウムとアルミニウムと炭素の含有量と反応率とシリコン塊の有無とMDCSの含有量を示した。
シリコン源として表に示すものを表2に示す量使用した以外は実施例1と同様に製造を行った。反応率とMDCSの含有量は、実施例1の結果を1としてその相対値を示した。結果を表2に示す。回収シリコンを用いた場合でも、不純物の含有量を調製することで反応率を、金属シリコンを用いた場合と同程度まで向上させることができた。一方、回収シリコンはカルシウムの含有量が金属シリコンに比べて少ないため、流動不良の原因となるシリコン塊量が少ないと推測される。さらに回収シリコンは炭素の含有量も金属シリコンに比べて少ないため、炭素由来のMDCSの生成量も少なく、より高純度なクロロシラン類が得られる。
内径8mmのSUS製反応管にシリコン源3.0gを充填し、反応器を530℃に保持した後、テトラクロロシランガスと水素ガスをそれぞれ40ml/minと110ml/minで300min連続的に反応器に供給した。反応器からの排出ガスを-70℃まで冷却して冷却液を得た。
反応率=((シリコン源充填量)-(反応残渣量))/(シリコン源充填量)×100
シリコン源として洗浄回収シリコンを98質量部、未洗浄回収シリコンを2質量部と混合したものを用いて、上記の製造を行った。その結果、反応率が0.14%でほとんど反応しなかった。表3には用いたシリコン源の鉄とカルシウムとアルミニウムと炭素と銅の含有量と反応率を示した。
シリコン源として表3に示すものを表3に示す量使用した以外は実施例6と同様に製造を行った。反応率は、実施例6の結果を1としてその相対値を示した。結果を表3に示す。回収シリコンを用いた場合でも、不純物の含有量を調製することで反応率を、金属シリコンを用いた場合と同程度まで向上させることができた。
Claims (11)
- シリコン源と塩化水素、又は、テトラクロロシラン及び水素とを反応させてクロロシラン類を生成するクロロシラン類の製造方法であって、
前記シリコン源が、太陽光パネルから回収された単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの少なくとも一種を含むことを特徴とするクロロシラン類の製造方法。 - 前記シリコン源100質量部における、前記単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの少なくとも一種の含有量が1~99質量部である請求項1記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン源100質量部中のアルミニウムの含有量が50~20000質量ppmである請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン源100質量部中の鉄の含有量が50~10000質量ppmである請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン源100質量部中のカルシウムの含有量が50~5000質量ppmである請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン源100質量部中の炭素の含有量が10~10000質量ppmである請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン源における前記単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの少なくとも一種の100質量部当たりのアルミニウムの含有量が50~300000質量ppmである請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン源における前記単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの少なくとも一種の100質量部当たりの鉄の含有量が100質量ppm以下である請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン源における前記単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの少なくとも一種の100質量部当たりのカルシウムの含有量が100質量ppm以下である請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン源における前記単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンの少なくとも一種の100質量部当たりの炭素の含有量が500質量ppm以下である請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
- 前記太陽光パネルから回収された単結晶シリコン及び多結晶シリコンが、
該太陽光パネルより単結晶シリコン又は多結晶シリコンを回収し、
得られた単結晶シリコン又は多結晶シリコンの表面を酸で洗浄したものを含む請求項1又は2記載のクロロシラン類の製造方法。
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| CN202480031809.2A CN121079267A (zh) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-05-21 | 一种氯硅烷类的制造方法 |
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