WO2024254545A9 - Appareil, procédés et systèmes pour administration atomisée d'une composition à un patient - Google Patents

Appareil, procédés et systèmes pour administration atomisée d'une composition à un patient

Info

Publication number
WO2024254545A9
WO2024254545A9 PCT/US2024/033131 US2024033131W WO2024254545A9 WO 2024254545 A9 WO2024254545 A9 WO 2024254545A9 US 2024033131 W US2024033131 W US 2024033131W WO 2024254545 A9 WO2024254545 A9 WO 2024254545A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
medication
capsule
atomizer
removable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2024/033131
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2024254545A1 (fr
Inventor
Pradeep Albert
Christine Nichols
David J. CONDRON
Brian Artze
Fadi SABA
Jesse Klein
Vijay Vad
Stephen Naeger
Shawn Best
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Microneb Tech Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
Microneb Tech Holdings Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US18/207,242 external-priority patent/US11850356B1/en
Priority claimed from US18/224,502 external-priority patent/US11844900B1/en
Priority claimed from US18/449,838 external-priority patent/US11925748B1/en
Priority claimed from US18/373,142 external-priority patent/US11944742B1/en
Priority claimed from US18/529,978 external-priority patent/US12194037B2/en
Priority claimed from US18/654,471 external-priority patent/US12156966B2/en
Priority to AU2024285813A priority Critical patent/AU2024285813A1/en
Application filed by Microneb Tech Holdings Inc filed Critical Microneb Tech Holdings Inc
Priority to PCT/US2024/038055 priority patent/WO2025019429A2/fr
Publication of WO2024254545A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024254545A1/fr
Publication of WO2024254545A9 publication Critical patent/WO2024254545A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/005—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes using ultrasonics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0001—Details of inhalators; Constructional features thereof
    • A61M15/0021—Mouthpieces therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • A61M15/0085—Inhalators using ultrasonics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0084—Pumps therefor self-reinflatable by elasticity, e.g. resuscitation squeeze bags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
    • A61M16/0833—T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/14—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours by mixing different fluids, one of them being in a liquid phase
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/208—Non-controlled one-way valves, e.g. exhalation, check, pop-off non-rebreathing valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2202/00—Special media to be introduced, removed or treated
    • A61M2202/04—Liquids
    • A61M2202/0468—Liquids non-physiological
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/12—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
    • A61M2205/123—General characteristics of the apparatus with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit with incorporated reservoirs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/14—Detection of the presence or absence of a tube, a connector or a container in an apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3379—Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35—Communication
    • A61M2205/3546—Range
    • A61M2205/3553—Range remote, e.g. between patient's home and doctor's office
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/35—Communication
    • A61M2205/3576—Communication with non implanted data transmission devices, e.g. using external transmitter or receiver
    • A61M2205/3592—Communication with non implanted data transmission devices, e.g. using external transmitter or receiver using telemetric means, e.g. radio or optical transmission
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
    • A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
    • A61M2205/505—Touch-screens; Virtual keyboard or keypads; Virtual buttons; Soft keys; Mouse touches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8206—Internal energy supply devices battery-operated

Definitions

  • 18/529,978 is also a continuation in part application of U.S. Non-Provisional Application Serial No. 18/373142 titled “Apparatus, Methods, and Systems for Administering a Medication to an Animal” and filed September 16, 2023, which is a continuation in part application of U.S. Non-Provisional Application Serial No. 18/449,838 titled “Apparatus, Methods, and Systems for Administering a Medication to a Patient” and filed August 15, 2023, which is a continuation in part application of U.S.
  • the subject matter of each of the related applications is incorporated by herein by reference.
  • CROSS-REFERENCES [0005] Not applicable.
  • STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT [0006] Not applicable.
  • a mesh nebulizer also known as a vibrating mesh nebulizer, is a type of device used to deliver medication in a fine mist or aerosol form, which makes it easier for patients to inhale the medication directly into their lungs. This is particularly useful for the treatment of respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), or cystic fibrosis.
  • the "mesh” in the name refers to a key component of the nebulizer: a small plate with multiple tiny holes, or a “mesh”. This mesh vibrates at high frequencies, causing the liquid medication to be pushed through the tiny holes in the mesh, creating a fine mist or aerosol that can be inhaled.
  • Mesh nebulizers are generally more efficient and portable than traditional jet nebulizers. They tend to be quiet, lightweight, and capable of nebulizing a wide range of medications. However, they can be more expensive, and the mesh plate can become blocked over time, requiring replacement. Proper cleaning and maintenance are important to keep the device functioning properly. [0010] Inhalers are another form of medical devices that are used to deliver medication directly into the lungs.
  • the medication is in a powder form, which the user inhales. Because they require a strong, quick inhalation to get the medication into the lungs, DPIs can be harder for some people to use than MDIs.
  • Inhalers can deliver a variety of medications. However, the effectiveness of inhalers depends significantly on correct usage. Mistakes in technique can result in less medication reaching the lungs. These mistakes could include breathing too quickly or not deeply enough, not shaking the inhaler before use, or not using a spacer if needed. Some inhalers, especially newer or brand-name inhalers, can be quite expensive, potentially posing a financial burden.
  • opioid dependency is a chronic condition characterized by a physical and psychological reliance on opioids. This dependency often arises from prolonged opioid use, whether for medical or non-medical reasons.
  • the treatment of opioid dependency is complex, involving a gradual weaning process to mitigate withdrawal symptoms and reduce reliance on the drug.
  • opioid overdose presents an acute emergency scenario. Overdosing on opioids can lead to critical symptoms such as respiratory depression, unconsciousness, and, in severe cases, death. Rapid intervention is crucial in these situations. Medications such as naloxone have been developed to counteract the life-threatening effects of an opioid overdose. The swift administration of such medications can reverse the overdose symptoms, making speed and efficiency in drug delivery systems critical for successful emergency response. [0016] Both these aspects – the chronic management of opioid dependency and the acute response to opioid overdose — highlight the need for versatile and effective pharmaceutical solutions.
  • Naloxone is a critical drug in the fight against opioid overdose. As an opioid antagonist, it rapidly reverses the effects of opioid overdose, including respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension, by displacing opioids from receptor sites in the brain. Its life-saving capabilities have been recognized globally, with its use in emergency settings being pivotal for immediate response to opioid overdoses. For broader accessibility, especially in non-medical environments, naloxone is also formulated for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, frequently deployed using auto-injectors.
  • xylazine traditionally a veterinary sedative, being ingested by humans, often unknowingly, through its incorporation into street drugs.
  • xylazine not approved for human use, poses significant health risks when consumed by humans, leading to profound sedation, respiratory depression, and other severe side effects.
  • the contamination of street drugs with xylazine has become a dangerous trend, contributing to a rise in drug-related emergencies and complications. This emerging problem highlights an urgent need for effective measures to counteract the effects of xylazine in humans.
  • Tolazoline a vasodilator and an alpha- adrenergic antagonist, is known for reversing the effects of sedatives and for its use in various medical applications. Its potential contribution to opioid overdose treatment is noteworthy, given its pharmacological profile, which could complement the actions of other agents in managing the effects of opioid toxicity.
  • Tolazoline is typically administered intravenously, especially in hospital environments for diagnosing vascular disorders and treating skin ulcers. In neonatal care, particularly in veterinary medicine, tolazoline is used intravenously to reverse sedative effects in neonates.
  • the method further includes applying a second force with the second hand of the rescuer, to the resilient air bladder so that the air within the resilient air bladder is conveyed from the resilient air bladder and into the tubular chamber such that the air conveyed from the resilient air bladder and the at least one medication dispensed from the capsule is administered to the patient.
  • the process the receives, a third signal from a sensor that monitors an atomized volume of the at least one medication within the capsule or a first amount of time the atomizer atomizes the at least one medication.
  • the signal is received from at least one of a remote computing device and the capsule.
  • the method includes, after the processor determines that the atomized volume is at least as much as the maximum volume based on the third signal received and/or the first amount of time is at least as much as the maximum amount of time, then stopping the atomizer from continuing to atomize the at least one medication within the capsule.
  • the system further includes an air inlet and a first one-way valve in fluid communication with the resilient air bladder configured to allow fresh air to enter the resilient air bladder.
  • the system includes an air outlet and a second one-way value in fluid communication the resilient air bladder and the tubular chamber. Fresh air is drawn into the resilient air bladder when it inflates. [0026] Fresh air is forced through the second one-way valve and to the tubular chamber when the resilient air bladder deflates. Fresh air and the at least one medication atomized by the atomizer to mix together within the tubular chamber.
  • the system further includes a mask defining a mask chamber within the mask.
  • the system may include a mouthpiece defining a tubular shaped body.
  • the capsule includes a capsule chamber for housing the at least one medication, a rubber section covering an open side of the capsule, the atomizer proximate to a second side of the capsule, and a sensor for detecting an amount of the at least one medication in the capsule.
  • the mask attachment for the described capsule system is a specially designed piece that can be retrofit, sized, and shaped to substantially cover an animal's nose and/or mouth.
  • This mask attachment serves as the interface between the device and the animal, it facilitates the delivery of atomized medication.
  • This mask attachment works in conjunction with the capsule system to direct the atomized medication to the desired area of the animal's respiratory system. By being adjustable in size and shape, it ensures that the mask can effectively conform to various animal anatomies, creating a seal that optimizes medication delivery.
  • the mask attachment may be made of medical-grade silicone, rubber, or other flexible and non-reactive materials, allowing for easy cleaning, sterilization, and customization to different sizes and shapes.
  • the customizability and retrofitting ability of the mask attachment represent a significant advancement over previous designs, overcoming prior limitations by providing more effective, comfortable, and controlled administration of atomized medication, thus offering more versatile and humane treatment options for animals in a medical setting.
  • the system further includes a housing and a first channel spanning from a first side of the housing to a second side of the housing.
  • the system further includes a first longitudinal axis of the first channel, a first end portion of the first channel configured to receive a portion of a conduit that is in fluid communication with the air outlet of the resilient air bladder, and a second end portion of the first channel configured to receive a portion of either the mouthpiece or the mask.
  • the system further includes a second channel disposed on the housing configured to receive a portion of the capsule and a second longitudinal axis defined by the second channel. The second longitudinal axis defines at most a 90-degree angle relative to the first longitudinal axis of the first channel.
  • the system further includes a processor housed by the housing.
  • the housing houses the user interface housed by the housing.
  • the user interface is configured to be acted on by a rescuer to start the atomizer to atomize the at least one medication.
  • the user interface may include control for being manipulated by the hands of a user, a graphical display, an audio sensor for receiving audio signals from the user to control the device.
  • the processor is configured for receiving a signal to start the atomizer to atomize the at least one medication, sending a second signal to the atomizer to cause the atomizer to atomize the at least one medication within the capsule and convey the atomized at least one medication into the second channel, receiving a third signal from the sensor when the sensor detects that the at least one medication within the capsule is less than a minimum threshold, and sending a fourth signal to turn off the atomizer after the third signal is received.
  • a method for administering at least one medication to a patient when the patient is unconscious and when the patient is consciousness is disclosed.
  • the method includes administering the at least one atomized medication to the patient using the device comprises conveying the at least one atomized medication from the tubular chamber though at least one of a mouthpiece that is in fluid communication with the tubular chamber and a mask, positioned over the patient’s nose and the patient’s mouth and in fluid communication with the tubular chamber.
  • the capsule includes a first chamber comprising the liquid formulation, a second chamber below and separate from the first chamber, and the atomizer disposed at least proximate to a portion of the second chamber that is distal to the first chamber.
  • the method further includes causing the liquid formulation to move from the first chamber to the second chamber.
  • the method Prior to causing the liquid formulation to move from the first chamber to the second chamber, the method further includes removing a stop on the capsule that inhibits the first chamber from translating relative to the second chamber. After removing the stop of the capsule, the method includes applying a second force to the first chamber causing the first chamber to translate relative to the second chamber rupturing a membrane disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber thus providing fluid communication between the first chamber and the second chamber. Prior to activating the atomizer, the method includes providing power to the atomizer by removing an insulator that prevents electrical communication between the atomizer and a power source.
  • the method further includes conveying the at least one atomized medication through a second tubular chamber that is disposed between the patient’s face and the tubular chamber thereby causing the at least one atomized medication to form a substantially stable and uniform aerosol.
  • the at least one medication comprises a narcotic antagonist.
  • the receiving section is a first end portion of a first channel of the device configured to receive a portion of a conduit that is in fluid communication with an air outlet of the resilient air bladder.
  • the tubular chamber is a removable modular tubular extension including a first extension tubular chamber and a second extension tubular chamber.
  • the first extension tubular chamber includes a first extension receiving section and a second extension chamber receiving section and defines the first channel.
  • the second extension tubular chamber is substantially in fluid communication with the first extension tubular chamber.
  • the method further includes inserting the second extension tubular chamber into a device receiving section such that the second extension tubular chamber is in fluid communication with the second channel of the device and such that the second extension tubular chamber defines at least a portion of the second channel.
  • the tubular chamber of the device comprises a first channel having a first end portion, a second end portion, and a first longitudinal axis.
  • the second extension tubular chamber includes a first portion substantially perpendicular to the first extension tubular chamber and a second portion disposed at a first angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the first portion and which corresponds to the first longitudinal axis of the first channel.
  • An angle between the first extension tubular chamber and the second extension tubular chamber is adjustable.
  • the method further includes adjusting the angle between the first extension tubular chamber and the second extension tubular chamber to a predetermined angle and locking the angle between the first extension tubular chamber and the second extension tubular chamber at the predetermined angle.
  • the method includes linking the capsule to the device such that the capsule further includes a transponder.
  • the method includes administering the at least one atomized medication to the patient using the device further includes the at least one atomized medication breaking the patient’s blood brain barrier.
  • a capsule system for use with a medical device for administering at least one atomized medication to a patient comprises at least one chamber, at least one medication disposed within the at least one chamber, and an atomizer at a lower end portion of the capsule system.
  • the capsule system further includes at least one electrical contact and at least one sensor.
  • the at least one sensor is a fluid sensor.
  • the at least one electrical contact is in electrical communication with a power source.
  • the capsule system also comprises a housing that substantially encloses the at least one chamber, the housing comprising an asymmetrical transverse cross-sectional shape.
  • the atomizer is disposed proximate to a bottom portion of the at least one chamber.
  • the at least one chamber comprises at least one tapered wall section to direct the at least one medication toward the atomizer.
  • the capsule system further includes a stopper in fluid communication with the at least one chamber.
  • the capsule system further comprises an electrical conductor connecting the capsule to the medical device such that the capsule comprises a port.
  • the medical device comprises at least one of a display, a processor, and a power source.
  • the capsule comprises a capsule width and the at least one chamber comprises a chamber width such that the chamber width substantially spans the capsule width.
  • the at least one chamber is in fluid communication with an external container via an elongated tube, the external container having the at least one medication.
  • the capsule comprises a plug disposed at the lower end portion of the capsule system.
  • the at least one chamber comprises a first chamber disposed above a second chamber; wherein the first chamber comprises the at least one medication and the second chamber comprises the atomizer.
  • a membrane preventing fluid communication is disposed between the first chamber from the second chamber.
  • a stop is disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber inhibiting the first chamber from translating relative to the second chamber.
  • At least one rupturing element is in attachment with the first chamber configured to engage the membrane when a first force is applied to translate the first chamber relative to the second chamber.
  • a method for veterinary administration of at least one medication to an animal includes inserting a capsule containing the at least one medication into a device in fluid communication with a tubular chamber, wherein the at least one medication is a liquid formulation and activating an atomizer to atomize the at least one medication to generate at least one atomized medication.
  • the method Prior to administering the at least one atomized medication to the animal using the device, the method further includes applying a force to a mask, positioned over an animal’s muzzle and in fluid communication with the tubular chamber.
  • the method also includes administering the at least one atomized medication to the animal using the device.
  • the animal may a horse or other large animal.
  • the at least one medication may be an aqueous suspension or a solution comprising at least one of cells, cellular byproducts, and cell-derived products.
  • the cells, the cellular byproducts, and cell- derived products are stem cells.
  • the at least one medication comprises at least one of peptides, proteins, growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells suspended and/or dissolved in an aqueous medium.
  • the at least one medication comprises no preservatives.
  • the capsule comprises a first chamber comprising the liquid formulation and a second chamber below and separate from the first chamber.
  • the atomizer is disposed at least proximate to a portion of the second chamber that is distal to the first chamber.
  • Administering the at least one atomized medication comprises at least partially deflating a resilient air bladder in fluid communication with the tubular chamber causing air within the resilient air bladder to be conveyed from the resilient air bladder into the tubular chamber.
  • the method further comprises causing the liquid formulation to move from the first chamber to the second chamber.
  • the method Prior to causing the liquid formulation to move from the first chamber to the second chamber, the method further comprises removing a stop on the capsule that inhibits the first chamber from translating relative to the second chamber. After removing the stop of the capsule, applying a second force to the first chamber causing the first chamber to translate relative to the second chamber rupturing a membrane disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber thus providing fluid communication between the first chamber and the second chamber.
  • the method Prior to activating the atomizer, the method comprises providing power to the atomizer by removing an insulator that prevents electrical communication between the atomizer and a power source. The method further comprises conveying the at least one atomized medication through a second tubular chamber that is disposed between the animal’s muzzle and the tubular chamber thereby causing the at least one atomized medication to form a substantially stable and uniform aerosol.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a side view of a system for administering medication to a patient, according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram of a side view of a system for administering medication to a patient, according to the third embodiment, wherein a biasing element is in a compressed state
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating the main electrical components of the system for administering medication to a patient, wherein biasing elements are in an extended state, according to the third embodiment
  • FIG. 3D is a diagram illustrating the main electrical components of the system for administering medication to a patient, wherein biasing elements are in a compressed state, according to the third embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the main electrical components of a system for administering medication to a patient, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of a front view of a capsule, according to a first example embodiment
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating the main electrical components of the capsule, wherein an electrical insulator in form of a tab is positioned between two contacts, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating the main electrical components of the capsule, wherein an electrical insulator in form of a tab is removed from between two contacts, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of an operating environment that supports a system of administering medication to a patient, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating the main electrical components of the capsule, wherein an electrical insulator in form of a tab is positioned between two contacts, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating the main electrical components of the capsule, wherein an electrical insulator in form of a tab is removed from between two contacts, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of an operating environment that supports a system
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart diagram illustrating steps for a method of administering medication to a patient, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart diagram illustrating steps for a method of atomizing medication, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a system including a computing device and other computing devices, according to an exemplary embodiment of present technology
  • FIG. 11A is a front view of a system for administering medication to a patient, according to the third embodiment
  • FIG. 11B is a side view of a system for administering medication to a patient, according to the third embodiment
  • FIG.12 is a perspective view of a system for administering medication to a patient, according to the third embodiment
  • FIG. 13 is a side view of a system for administering medication to a patient, according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 14A is a perspective view of an attachment for administering medication to a patient, according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 14B is a top view of an attachment for administering medication to a patient, according to the first embodiment
  • FIG.14C is a side view of an attachment for administering medication to a patient, according to the first embodiment
  • FIG.14C is a side view of an attachment for administering medication to a patient, according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 17C is a cross-section of a side view of the capsule, according to a fifth example embodiment; [0073] FIG. 18A is a side view of the capsule, according to a third example embodiment; [0074] FIG.18B is a side view of the capsule, according to the third example embodiment; [0075] FIG. 18C is a perspective view of the capsule, according to the third example embodiment; [0076] FIG. 18D is an exploded perspective view of the capsule, according to the third example embodiment; [0077] FIG.19 illustrates a diagram of the device in operation for a patient in an intubated state, wherein the device is in attachment with an endotracheal tube and a ventilator, according to an example embodiment; [0078] FIG.
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-section of a modular tubular extension, according to a first example embodiment.
  • FIG. 21 is a cross-section of a modular tubular extension, according to a second example embodiment.
  • FIG. 22 is a cross-section of a modular tubular extension, according to a third example embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates the device for administering at least one medication to a patient in an unconscious state to a conscious state, according to an inhaler embodiment.
  • FIG. 24 illustrates the device for administering at least one medication to a patient in an unconscious state to a conscious state, according to the inhaler embodiment.
  • FIG. 23 illustrates the device for administering at least one medication to a patient in an unconscious state to a conscious state, according to the inhaler embodiment.
  • FIG. 29C is a flowchart diagram illustrating steps for a method for converting a device for administering at least one medication to a patient in an unconscious state to a conscious state, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG.29D illustrates a removable cartridge of a device for administering at least one formulation to a user, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG.29E illustrates a removable cartridge and a base unit of a device, and FIG.29F depicts a removable cartridge and a mouthpiece for administering at least one formulation to a user, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 29G illustrates a modular device for administering at least one formulation to a user, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 43A is a perspective view of the molecular structure of cotinine, according to an example embodiment; [0130] FIG.43B is a perspective view of the molecular structure of adalimumab, according to an example embodiment; [0131] FIG. 43C is a perspective view of the molecular structure of nicotine, according to an example embodiment; [0132] FIG. 43D is a perspective view of the molecular structure of caffeine, according to an example embodiment; [0133] FIG.
  • FIG. 43E is a perspective view of the molecular structure of kratom, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG.43F is a perspective view of the molecular structure of vitamin B12, according to an example embodiment;
  • FIG.43G is a perspective view of the molecular structure of cannabidiol, according to an example embodiment;
  • FIG.43H is a perspective view of the molecular structure of tetrahydrocannabinol, according to an example embodiment; [0137] FIG.
  • FIG. 43I is a perspective view of the molecular structure of psilocybin, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG.43J is a perspective view of the molecular structure of ketamine, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 43K is a perspective view of the molecular structure of naloxone (Narcan®), according to an example embodiment
  • FIG.43L is a perspective view of the molecular structure of glucagon, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 44A is a perspective view of the molecular structure of ethyl alcohol, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 44H is a perspective view of the molecular structure of citrate, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 44I is a perspective view of the molecular structure of polyetherimide, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 44J is a perspective view of the molecular structure of sodium bicarbonate, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 44K is a perspective view of the molecular structure of maleate, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 44L is a perspective view of the molecular structure of tartrate, according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 45 is a perspective view of the molecular structure of a sugar alcohol, according to an example embodiment
  • the system may be used on a patient that is laying down, positioned upright, conscious, or unconscious.
  • the system may allow a patient to treat themselves or may require an authorized user to treat the patient using the system.
  • the system is configured to only require one rescuer having two hands to operate the system.
  • the system is more convenient than the prior art because the attachment for the modular cardiopulmonary device includes integrated medication monitoring and an adjustably automated dispensing of medication.
  • the attachment also allows for more adaptability and portability because it has modular fittings that can allow for attachment with commonly used cardiopulmonary devices, such as resuscitation bags and breathing masks.
  • the system also improves over the prior art because the medication is held in capsules that includes an atomizer that abuts the medication. Gravity forces the medication to be pressed against the medication to allow for efficient atomization.
  • the capsule is compatible with the attachment because both include electrical contacts that, when paired up, provide electrical communication between the capsule and the attachment.
  • the disclosed system and methods described herein represents a significant improvement over prior art by incorporating a sophisticated capsule system for administering atomized medication.
  • the system comprises at least one chamber housing the medication, an atomizer to convert the medication into a fine mist, and various additional components such as sensors and electrical contacts. This design allows for a more controlled and precise delivery of medication, enabling targeted treatment with reduced risk of overdose or underdose.
  • the disclosed embodiments improve upon the problems with the prior art by providing a device for delivering medication to a patient having a wick.
  • the wick in the device offers distinct advantages by facilitating the efficient transfer of medication from the reservoir to the atomizer.
  • the wick efficiently adsorbs the liquid formulation and consistently delivers it to the atomizer, ensuring a fine, uniform mist is produced for inhalation. This mechanism enhances the precision of dose delivery and improves the overall effectiveness of the inhalation therapy, minimizing waste and maximizing the therapeutic effect.
  • the disclosed invention offers significant improvements over prior art, particularly addressing concerns around modularity, interchangeability, and speed in administration.
  • the disclosed embodiments also improve over the prior art by providing a covering member for the atomizer and, in some cases, a sealing member to separate the liquid formulation from the wick and atomizer.
  • compositions presented herein mark a significant advancement over existing formulations, particularly in the context of treating opioid dependency and overdose.
  • These compositions are expertly designed for enhanced stability, encapsulating active ingredients like yohimbine in hermetically sealed capsules to protect them from environmental factors like light and air. This ensures that their efficacy and potency are preserved until the moment of administration.
  • a notable feature of these compositions is the precision in dosage control, allowing for individualized dosing critical in both the gradual management of opioid dependency and the urgent response needed in cases of overdose.
  • Yohimbine a compound of significant therapeutic interest, presents unique challenges when dissolved in aqueous solutions, primarily due to its instability that can lead to degradation, impacting both its efficacy and safety. This instability is attributed to factors like oxidation, hydrolysis, and exposure to light, heat, and certain pH conditions. To circumvent these issues, yohimbine is typically maintained in a solid, preferably powdered form, until required for use. [0173] The powdered form of yohimbine offers substantial stability advantages. It mitigates the risk of degradation reactions more common in liquid formulations and enables a controlled release of the active ingredient upon reconstitution, crucial for maintaining its therapeutic efficacy. This approach is vital in pharmaceutical applications where the stability of the active ingredient is paramount.
  • compositions disclosed herein significantly improve upon these challenges. They are designed with a keen understanding of yohimbine's stability concerns, often incorporating encapsulation techniques or the combination of yohimbine with stabilizing agents. These strategies effectively prevent degradation until the compound is dissolved or suspended in a liquid medium immediately prior to administration. By doing so, these innovative formulations ensure that yohimbine remains stable during storage and is only activated at the intended time of use. This maintains the compound's therapeutic efficacy and safety, representing a substantial improvement over traditional methods of handling yohimbine in pharmaceutical applications. [0175] Further, the disclosed embodiments improve over the prior art by providing a design of this device, having the circuit board affixed to the bottom of the mouthpiece in some embodiments.
  • a removable cartridge and battery are inserted from the top, that offers a compact and space-efficient configuration.
  • the design optimizes internal space, allowing for a slimmer profile which enhances portability and ease of handling.
  • This spatial arrangement also segregates sensitive electronic circuits from the vaporization area, which can minimize heat exposure and potential liquid damage to the electronics, thereby enhancing the device's durability and reliability.
  • the distinct separation facilitates easier assembly and maintenance, as components can be accessed and replaced independently, streamlining both manufacturing and user experience.
  • the disclosed embodiments provide multiple modes of operation for conveying the formulation to the wick, thereby offering versatility in its use and configuration.
  • FIG. 1A is a side view of a system 100 for administering at least one medication to a patient, according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1B is a side view of a base unit or an attachment 106 for administering medication to a patient, according to the first embodiment.
  • FIGS.13 through 15B also depict views showing additional example embodiments.
  • FIG.13 is a side view of the system 1300, according to the first embodiment.
  • FIGS. 14A through 14C are various views of the housing 120 of the system 1400, according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 15A is a perspective view of the attachment 1500, according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 15B is an exploded perspective view of the attachment 1500, according to the first embodiment.
  • the medication is in fluid form.
  • FIG.15B also includes mating threads 121 on the capsule 108 and the walls of the base unit so that the capsule may be rotated so that it moves into the base unit such that the capsule engages with an actuator that causes the atomizer to be powered thus atomizing the medication.
  • the threads 121 may be used to simply secure the capsule within the base unit.
  • the system includes a resilient air bladder 102 in fluid communication with a tubular chamber 104 of a base unit.
  • the tubular chamber is a hollow enclosed space within the base unit.
  • the resilient air bladder supplies the system with fresh air.
  • the first channel may have a cross-sectional shape defining a circle, but other shapes may be used and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention and as such the openings of the receiving sections 107 and 109 may also be a circular shaped opening.
  • the attachment is configured for connecting to a modular cardiopulmonary device.
  • the modular cardiopulmonary device is defined by the resilient air bladder and at least a mask 142 or mouthpiece (205 in FIG. 2).
  • Modular fittings refer to pre-manufactured parts or components that can be assembled, interchanged, or replaced with relative ease. They are designed to be used in different configurations to meet various requirements. The key advantage of modular fittings is their versatility and ease of use, as they allow for customization and flexibility.
  • Modular fittings provide a standardized, interchangeable set of parts that can be used in a variety of configurations to meet different needs.
  • Examples of modular fittings may include, but are not limited to, friction fit, male female fit, or screw fit.
  • Other types of modular fittings configured to allow the attachment 106 to attach to modular cardiopulmonary devices may be included and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the modular fittings allow the user of the system to remove or attach different cardiopulmonary devices so that the user can clean and disinfect the devices between each patient.
  • a capsule 108 is in fluid communication with the tubular chamber and is configured for carrying the medication.
  • the capsule may include a sensor (156 in FIG. 2) for detecting the amount of medication within the capsule.
  • An atomizer 110 is disposed at least proximate to the capsule and in fluid communication with the tubular chamber.
  • the atomizer is configured to atomize the medication that is disposed within the capsule.
  • the atomizer is configured to produce particles having a particle diameter ranging from about 1.5 micrometers ( ⁇ m, or microns) to about 6 micrometers.
  • the atomizer includes a vibrating mesh membrane. As the medication passes through the vibrating mesh membrane, the membrane nebulizes the medication to create a nebulized medication that includes a plurality of particles.
  • the vibrating mesh membrane produces nebulized medication by vibrating at high frequency to trigger particle, or droplet, formation from the medication solution against an inner surface of the membrane on an outer surface of the membrane.
  • the vibrating mesh membrane is a metal piece or plate having a plurality of openings extending through the piece, such that the metal piece, when electrically stimulated to undergo piezoelectric vibration, oscillates against the medication in the capsule 108, causing some of the medication to move through the openings and form small particles on or above the outer surface of the active mesh.
  • the vibrating mesh membrane vibrates at between about 150 kHz and about 300 kHz upon electrical stimulation by an alternating current or direct current (AC
  • DC direct current
  • the vibrating mesh membrane includes material such as pure titanium, platinum, or palladium, or alloys thereof or the like, or laminated layers of titanium, platinum, or palladium or the like, to produce a piezoelectric effect that results in mesh vibration and particle formation over the outer surface of the mesh in the mouthpiece interior volume.
  • Piezoelectricity is the ability of a material to develop electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress.
  • the atomizer produces particles that are atomized droplets of the medication. Particles that are larger than 5 micrometers are unable to penetrate into the alveoli of the lungs and are thus of reduced efficiency in being rapidly absorbed by the circulatory system and/or body tissues. The ability of particles to penetrate into the lungs and be absorbed by the depends on the size of the particles.
  • the medication in the capsule is a fluid solution configured to treat patients for different situations.
  • the solution includes an aqueous solution that includes an active ingredient and sodium chloride.
  • the atomized medication is configured to break a patient’s blood brain barrier.
  • the active ingredient includes at least one of nicotine, caffeine, a plurality of vitamins, kratom, Vitamin B12, cotinine, adalimumab, cannabidiol (“CBD”), tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”), psilocybin, cannabis, ketamine and any combination thereof.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • the active ingredient may also include preservatives, such as sodium benzoate, and/or anti-yeast agents, such as potassium sorbate. Other preservatives for medication may be used and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the solution further includes a buffer and/or stabilizer.
  • the buffer helps stabilize and maintain the pH level of the solution.
  • the active ingredient includes approximately up to 10% of the solution, in millilitre (mL), of the medication in the capsule.
  • Sodium chloride includes approximately between 10% to 90% of the solution (in mL).
  • the buffer includes approximately between 1% to 5% of the total solution (in mL).
  • the solution has a pH of approximately between 4 pH and 7.5 pH.
  • the solution is for at least decreasing withdrawal symptoms of a person addicted to nicotine.
  • Said solution includes cotinine being the active ingredient in the solution including approximately between 0.5% and 8% of the solution (in mL) and a sugar alcohol including approximately between 0.5% to 3% of the solution (in mL).
  • the solution further includes a buffer including ethyl alcohol and citric acid.
  • the ethyl alcohol includes approximately between 0.1% to 3% of the solution (in mL), and the citric acid comprising approximately between 0.1% to 3% of the solution (in mL).
  • Cotinine helps reduce symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.
  • the sugar alcohol and citric acid act as sweeteners to counter the bitterness of cotinine when inhaled.
  • the solution of the first embodiment may be mixed with a small dose of nicotine.
  • the solution is a pulmonary irrigation solution.
  • the solution includes adalimumab being the active ingredient including approximately between 1% to 10% of the solution (in mL) and a sugar alcohol including approximately between 0.1% to 1% of the solution (in mL).
  • Adalimumab helps treat a variety of diseases by fighting infections or bacteria within the lungs.
  • the solution further includes a stabilizer including polyol including approximately between 0.1% to 5% of the solution (in mL) and surfactant comprising approximately between 0.1% to 5% of the solution (in mL).
  • the solution may also include at least one of preservative (at 0.1% of the solution (in mL)) and anti-mold and anti-yeast agent at (0.1% of the solution (in mL)),
  • the polyol is at least one of sucrose, histidine, and succinate.
  • the surfactant is polyetherimide.
  • Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels and the concentration of fatty acids in the bloodstream. Glucagon treatment helps people who suffer from hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood glucose levels are lower than the standard range.
  • An air inlet 112 and a first one-way valve 114 is in fluid communication with the resilient air bladder configured to allow fresh air to enter the resilient air bladder.
  • the air inlet includes an opening on which first one-way valve 114 is mounted.
  • An air outlet 116 and a second one-way value 118 is in fluid communication the resilient air bladder and the tubular chamber.
  • the particle size and distribution within the fluid are measured for determining how the medication may be absorbed by the body. Standard measurements of temperature and pressure are also undertaken, given their direct impact on fluid behavior, and thus the delivery and effectiveness of the medication.
  • at least one of the sensors may be used to measure O2 inhaled by the patient and the CO2 exhaled by the patient over a period of time.
  • the data measured may be used to establish a metabolic signature or profile of the patient over time that can be used to create a baseline metabolic profile of the patient.
  • the metabolic signature may be used to compare a with a second metabolic signature of the patient at a second period of time for the same patient or for other patients.
  • the base unit further includes a housing 120 and a first channel 122 spanning from a first side 124 of the housing to a second side 126 of the housing.
  • the housing may be comprised of metallic material such as carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, Titanium, other metals or alloys, composites, ceramics, polymeric materials such as polycarbonates, such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS plastic), polycarbonates sold under the trademarks Lexan TM , and Makrolon TM .
  • the housing may be made of other materials and is within the spirit and the disclosure.
  • the housing may be formed from a single piece or from several individual pieces joined or coupled together.
  • the components of the housing may be manufactured from a variety of different processes including an extrusion process, a mold, casting, welding, shearing, punching, folding, 3D printing, CNC machining, etc. However, other types of processes may also be used and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the system further includes a first longitudinal axis 128 of the first channel.
  • a first end portion 130 of the first channel is configured to receive a portion of a conduit 132 that is in fluid communication with the air outlet of the resilient air bladder, and a second end portion 134 of the first channel configured to receive a portion of the mouthpiece or the mask 142.
  • the first end portion and second end portion include openings configured to receive the conduit and mask, respectively.
  • the channel may have walls that have smooth surfaces so that air and medication may easily move toward the user or provide a path for air and medication to be in fluid communication with the mouthpiece of the mask.
  • the system further includes a second channel 138 disposed on the housing configured to receive a portion of the capsule 108 and a second longitudinal axis 140 defined by the second channel.
  • the capsule also includes two electrical contacts (shown in FIG.2) that mate with the two electrical contacts within the second channel providing electrical communication with the power source 154 of the base unit.
  • the power source may be a battery power source.
  • the battery power source may be a battery power source, such as a standard dry cell battery commonly used in low-drain portable electronic devices (i.e., AAA batteries, AA batteries, etc.).
  • Other types of batteries may be used including rechargeable batteries, aluminum air batteries, lithium batteries, paper batteries, lithium-ion polymer batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, magnesium iron batteries etc. Additionally, other types of battery applications may be used and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the processor is configured for receiving a signal to start the atomizer to atomize the medication, sending a second signal to the atomizer to cause the atomizer to atomize the medication within the capsule and convey the atomized medication into the second channel, receiving a third signal from the sensor when the sensor detects that the medication within the capsule is less than a minimum threshold, and sending a fourth signal to turn off the atomizer after the third signal is received.
  • the minimum threshold may be an amount of fluid that is left in the container is less than 1/12 the total of medication in the capsule.
  • the sensor may detect that minimum threshold amount of medication is within the capsule, send the signal to the processer, then the processer may send a signal to stop the atomizer.
  • FIG.3A is a diagram of side view of the base unit 300 of the system for administering medication to a patient, according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram of a side view of the base unit 300 of the system for administering medication to a patient, according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 3C is a diagram 301 illustrating the main electrical components of the system for administering medication to a patient, according to the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 3D is a diagram 301 illustrating the main electrical components of the system for administering medication to a patient, according to the third embodiment. Additionally, FIGS.
  • the system may also include a sensor 316 for receiving audio commands from a user, such as when to start or stop the atomizer; however, other type of audio commands may be used and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the attachment may also include a cap 319 or cover that covers the opening of the receiving section. The cap may be configured to cover the opening so that when no bag is attached to the receiving section, the device may still be used as an atomizer for atomizing medication.
  • the device may include at least one sensor, or a plurality of sensors, consistent with this disclosure. These sensors may be implemented in various locations and configurations within the device to monitor and measure vital parameters, fluid dynamics, and operational states, thereby contributing to the precise control and safety of the medication administration.
  • the housing includes biasing elements 305 that are positioned between the housing 120 and an engaging element 310 that receives the capsule.
  • the biasing elements may be compressing springs.
  • other biasing elements may be used and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the end portion 320 is similar to the first end portion 130 and the second end portion 134 such that it includes a receiving section with modular fittings.
  • the user may view the graphical display 311, which may provide instructions as to how long to apply force to cause the medication to be atomized by the device.
  • a mouthpiece 1105 is in attachment with the end portion 320.
  • FIG. 12 a perspective view of system having a mask 1110 in attachment with the base unit 300, according to a third example embodiment is shown. In FIG. 12, a mask is in attachment with the end portion 320.
  • the third embodiment can be easily used by one person as opposed to the first embodiment and second embodiment because only one hand is needed.
  • FIG. 5 shows a front view of a capsule 500, according to first example embodiment.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate various views of a capsule 1600 according to a second example embodiment.
  • FIGS.18A through 18D illustrates various views of capsule 1800, according to a third example embodiment.
  • the capsule 1600 includes a different design of capsule 500.
  • the server 702 associated with repository or database 704 and further coupled with the communications network 706, which can be a circuit switched network, such as the Public Service Telephone Network (PSTN), or a packet switched network, such as the Internet or the World Wide Web, the global telephone network, a cellular network, a mobile communications network, or a Personal Area Network (PAN), such as a short-range wireless technology standard sold under the trademark Bluetooth® or any combination of the above.
  • network 706 is a secure network wherein communications between endpoints are encrypted so as to ensure the security of the data being transmitted.
  • Server 702 is a central controller or operator for the functionality that executes on at least a remote computing device 708 and an attachment device 712, via various methods.
  • the rescuer while applying the force to the mask with the hand of the rescuer and either during or after engaging the user interface to cause the dispensing of the medication from the capsule, the rescuer applies a second force with the second hand 164 of the rescuer, to the resilient air bladder 102 so that the fresh air 168 within the resilient air bladder is conveyed via the conduit 132 from the resilient air bladder 102 and into the tubular chamber 104 such that the air conveyed from the resilient air bladder and the medication dispensed from the capsule is administered to the patient.
  • step 825 prior to dispensing the medication from the capsule, the system receives, with a processor, a signal to start the atomizer 110 to atomize the medication.
  • step 830 the system dispenses, using the atomizer, the medication from the capsule in fluid communication with the tubular chamber, into the tubular chamber.
  • the maximum amount of medication or amount of time the medication is atomized may be adjusted based on a variety of factors.
  • the angle between the longitudinal axis of the second channel and the longitudinal axis of the first channel may be approximately 45 degrees so that the atomized medication can easily move and combine with air within the first channel.
  • FIG.9 is a flowchart diagram illustrating steps for a method 900 of atomizing medication, according to an example embodiment.
  • the method 900 is performed by the processor of the attachment device.
  • the attachment device 712 receives a signal to start the atomizer to atomize the medication.
  • the signal is received from the remote computing device.
  • the signal may include data that allows the processor within the attachment device to determine that the atomizer should start to atomize medication within the capsule.
  • programming modules 1006 may include, for example, a program module 1007 for executing the actions of devices 708 and 712, for example.
  • embodiments of the invention may be practiced in conjunction with a graphics library, other operating systems, or any other application program and is not limited to any particular application or system.
  • This basic configuration is illustrated in FIG. 10 by those components within a dashed line 1020.
  • Computing device 1000 may have additional features or functionality.
  • computing device 1000 may also include additional data storage devices (removable and/or non-removable) such as, for example, magnetic disks, optical disks, or tape. Such additional storage is illustrated in FIG. 10 by a removable storage 1009 and a non- removable storage 1010.
  • Computer storage media may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.
  • System memory 1004, removable storage 1009, and non-removable storage 1010 are all computer storage media examples (i.e., memory storage.)
  • Computer storage media may include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, electrically erasable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store information, and which can be accessed by computing device 1000. Any such computer storage media may be part of device 1000.
  • Computing device 1000 may also have input device(s) 1012 such as a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, a sound input device, a camera, a touch input device, microphone for capturing audio sound (which may include commands to operate the device).
  • Output device(s) 1014 such as a display, speakers, a printer, etc. may also be included.
  • the aforementioned devices are only examples, and other devices may be added or substituted.
  • Computing device 1000 may also contain a communication connection 1016 that may allow device 1000 to communicate with other computing devices 1018, such as over a network in a distributed computing environment, for example, an intranet or the Internet.
  • Communication connection 1016 is one example of communication media.
  • Communication media may typically be embodied by computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media.
  • modulated data signal may describe a signal that has one or more characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal.
  • communication media may include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), infrared, and other wireless media.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the term computer readable media as used herein may include both computer storage media and communication media.
  • programming modules 1006 may perform processes including, for example, one or more of the stages of the methods 800, 900 as described above.
  • the aforementioned processes are examples, and processing unit 1002 may perform other processes.
  • Other programming modules may include electronic mail and contacts applications, word processing applications, spreadsheet applications, database applications, slide presentation applications, drawing or computer-aided application programs, etc.
  • program modules may include routines, programs, components, data structures, and other types of structures that may perform particular tasks or that may implement particular abstract data types.
  • Embodiments of the invention may also be practiced using other technologies capable of performing logical operations such as, for example, AND, OR, and NOT, including but not limited to mechanical, optical, fluidic, and quantum technologies.
  • embodiments of the invention may be practiced within a general-purpose computer or in any other circuits or systems.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to block diagrams and/or operational illustrations of methods, systems, and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It is understood that, in certain embodiments, the functions/acts noted in the blocks may occur out of order as shown in any flowchart.
  • the second chamber 1710 includes a tapered wall sections 1750, in which the cross-sectional diameter of the lower end of the second chamber is less than the cross-sectional diameter of the atomizer 1715.
  • the tapered section acts as a ramp for the medication to direct the medication into the atomizer.
  • the rupturing element 1755 is a sharp edge that punctures the membrane when the first chamber is pushed down. The sharp edge spans within the perimeter of the membrane. The user can push on the top portion 1732 of the first chamber in the direction of J, which causes the sharp blade to break the membrane 1720.
  • FIGS.18A through 18B the capsule 1800 is shown, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 18A is a side view of the capsule 1800, according to an example embodiment.
  • capsule 1800 includes a crimp 1805, a rubberized seal 1810 to receive medication, at least one chamber 1815, electrical contacts 1820, at least one sensor 1825 for monitoring a level of medication and/or fluid, a mesh 1830, and a housing 1835.
  • the crimp is a structural securing element used to hold the rubberized seal to the chamber. The crimp provides structural integrity and ensures the stability of the capsule's internal elements, contributing to the overall functionality and reliability of the device.
  • Rubberized seal 1810 is specifically designed to receive medication within capsule 1800. Composed of elastomeric materials, such as natural or synthetic rubber, this seal creates an airtight and secure enclosure for the medication, preventing leakage or contamination.
  • Capsule 1800 incorporates at least one sensor 1825 to monitor the level of medication and/or fluid within the capsule. These sensors may employ various technologies such as pressure sensors, level sensors, or other suitable sensing mechanisms. By accurately detecting and relaying this information, the sensor(s) enable precise medication dosage and monitoring.
  • Mesh 1830 is specifically designed to facilitate the atomization or aerosolization of the medication contained within the capsule.
  • the atomizing mesh is composed of a fine material with micro-sized openings that allow for the breakup of the liquid medication into tiny droplets or particles, creating an inhalable or respirable mist.
  • the liquid medication is transferred or directed towards the atomizing mesh.
  • the atomized medication consisting of smaller droplets or particles, becomes suitable for inhalation or respiratory delivery. This mechanism allows for efficient and targeted delivery of the medication to the desired site within the respiratory system, maximizing its effectiveness and bioavailability.
  • Housing 1835 forms the outer structure of capsule 1800, providing a protective enclosure for the internal components.
  • the protruding wedge or dovetail shape of the housing functions as a guiding mechanism for the capsule. It enables the user to align and insert the capsule into the device in a predetermined orientation, ensuring that the components and interfaces of the capsule correspond correctly with those of the device.
  • the asymmetrical nature of the protrusion restricts the capsule from being inserted in any other position, ensuring that it is securely and accurately positioned within the device. This design consideration promotes reliable functionality and prevents potential errors or malfunctions that may arise from incorrect alignment.
  • the protruding wedge or dovetail shape contributes to the overall stability and secure engagement of the capsule within the device.
  • the asymmetrical shape enhances the overall robustness and reliability of the system.
  • the incorporation of a protruding wedge or dovetail as an asymmetrical shape within the housing of the capsule represents an innovative aspect of the invention. It allows for intuitive and foolproof orientation and alignment, ensuring seamless operation and optimal performance of the device.
  • the inclusion of a refillable capsule in the disclosed invention represents a significant advancement over the prior art, offering a range of advantages and improvements.
  • the refillable capsule introduces enhanced convenience, cost savings, and environmental benefits to the field of medication administration. By enabling multiple uses, the refillable capsule eliminates the need for single-use disposable capsules, leading to substantial cost savings for users.
  • the refillable nature of the capsule allows for personalized medication administration, as users can easily refill it with the specific medication and dosage required for their individual needs. This flexibility not only optimizes therapeutic outcomes but also simplifies medication management by eliminating the need for multiple specialized devices or capsules. Additionally, the user-friendly design facilitates a straightforward refilling process, ensuring ease of use and minimizing the likelihood of errors or confusion. Overall, the inclusion of a refillable capsule in the invention provides users with improved convenience, cost savings, and a more sustainable approach to medication administration.
  • FIG.19 a side view of a diagram 1900 of the device in operation for a patient in an intubated state, wherein the device 1902 is in attachment with an endotracheal tube 1905 and a conduit of a ventilator 1910, according to an example embodiment.
  • the device includes a tubular chamber that is a removable modular tubular extension, according to the second embodiment or third embodiment shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, respectively.
  • the removable modular tubular extension includes a first extension tubular chamber 1920, which includes a first extension receiving section 1925 and a second extension chamber receiving section 1930.
  • the first extension tubular chamber defines the first channel 1935.
  • the removable modular tubular extension further includes a second extension tubular chamber 1940 substantially in fluid communication with the first extension tubular chamber.
  • the second extension tubular chamber is configured to be received by a device receiving section 1942 such that the second extension tubular chamber is in fluid communication with the second channel 1944 of the device, which also receives the capsule 1946. Therefore, when inserted into the second channel of the device, the second extension tubular chamber defines a portion 1945 of the second channel.
  • the atomized medication forms a stable and uniform aerosol, or generally homogeneous aerosol, when combined with the air in the first channel.
  • An endotracheal tube is in attachment with the first extension receiving section 1925 so that endotracheal tube is in fluid communication with the tubular chamber and the conduit.
  • the conduit 1950 is received by the second extension receiving section 1930 and is in fluid communication with an air outlet of a respiratory support device, such as the a ventilator 1910.
  • the weight of the attachment device may be an issue when the user must put down the attachment device during usage. Therefore, in some embodiments, the capsule may be configured to be received directly by the modular tubular extension.
  • the capsule and the attachment device may include a Universal Serial Bus (“USB”) port such that a USB cord can provide electrical communication between the attachment device and the capsule. This allows the capsule and the modular tubular extension to rest on the patient without the weight of the device, which can be placed elsewhere.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • device 2300 does not include a resilient air bladder. However, in some embodiments, it may be configured to receive a resilient air bladder on an end 2345 that is distal to the outlet 2335.
  • the device may include a button 3450.
  • the button functions as a small control mechanism that serves various critical purposes.
  • the button may be designed to engage or disengage the device, activate the atomization process, or lock, unlock, or eject a capsule that contains the medication.
  • the button may be mechanically or electronically linked to different components such as the atomizer, the capsule housing, or locking mechanisms.
  • Pressing the button may initiate the flow of medication from the capsule to the atomizer, lock the capsule in place for use, unlock it for removal or replacement, or activate ejection mechanisms to release a spent capsule.
  • the materials for the button could be chosen from durable plastics, metals, or other suitable materials that are both ergonomic and hygienic.
  • the inclusion of a multifunction button represents an enhancement over previous designs by consolidating various control functions into a single, user-friendly interface. This consolidation enhances the usability of the inhaler, provides more precise control, and allows for more efficient handling. Moreover, it could be particularly beneficial for users with limited dexterity or those requiring quick and easy access to their medication, contributing to a more compact and streamlined design.
  • each press of the button may release a predetermined bolus of atomized medication. This function ensures exact control, allowing for the administration of a specific dose of atomized medication into the patient's respiratory system.
  • the button may be intricately connected to the medication chamber, atomizer, and other system components, coordinating to atomize and meter the correct volume of medication for each press.
  • FIGS. 25A through 25H various embodiments of the device or formulation delivery system 2500 are disclosed.
  • FIG. 25A shows a fully assembled electronic formulation delivery system 2500, showing various sections, such as a first section 2502, a second section 2504, and a third section 2506 come together to form a cohesive and functional unit.
  • FIG. 25B illustrates a schematic view of a first side of the device or the formulation delivery system 2500.
  • formulation delivery system and device may be used interchangeably throughout the document for some embodiments, as the formulation delivery system refers to the device of the embodiments as shown in FIGS. 25A through 25H.
  • the term “user” comprises, but is not limited to, a human being, an animal, or a patient, among other possible entities.
  • formulation may be a liquid form of a substance including one of pharmaceutical, therapeutic, or cosmetic substances, to address specific conditions or enhance skin health.
  • pharmaceutical substances may include a medication, such as antibiotics or antifungal solutions designed to treat infections.
  • the medication may also include therapeutic substances including a regenerative medication targeting treatment of tissue repair and regeneration in the user.
  • Regenerative medications include bioactive agents or biological agents capable of stimulating cellular growth, differentiation, and repair.
  • the medication may comprise a combination of growth factors, cytokines, stem cells, or other agents known to facilitate tissue regeneration and repair.
  • the medication comprises one of peptides, proteins, growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells suspended and/or dissolved in an aqueous medium.
  • the medication is an aqueous suspension and solution comprising cells, cellular byproducts, and cell-derived products.
  • the cells, the cellular byproducts, and cell-derived products are stem cells. It is noted that bioactive agent and biological agent may be used interchangeably throughout the document, as the biological agent may have a bioactive effect in some embodiments.
  • Cosmetic substances may include hyaluronic acid or vitamin C serums for skin rejuvenation. The device atomizes and delivers these substances in a fine mist form to achieve targeted treatment or skincare benefits.
  • the first section 2502 which includes a mouthpiece having a first attaching structure at one end, attaches to the second section 2504 including the removable cartridge.
  • the removable cartridge includes a second attaching structure the end that couples with the first section.
  • the first attaching structure may be a set of grooves or rails that align with corresponding features on the cartridge.
  • the first attaching structure may also include a magnetic coupling system that uses magnets embedded within the mouthpiece to attract metallic components on the cartridge, facilitating an easy snap-on attachment.
  • the second attaching structure may include protrusions or tabs that are shaped to slide into the mouthpiece grooves, locking the cartridge in place.
  • a twist-and-lock mechanism may be used, where the cartridge features a threaded neck that screws into a mating threaded socket on the mouthpiece or metal connectors that couple with the magnets on the mouthpiece.
  • the third section 2506 housing the electronics including a power source or battery, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) that connects to the second section 2504.
  • the second section includes an electrical contact, such as contacts 2520 and 2521 of FIG. 25C, and the third section includes connectors 2523, 2530 on one end of the third section.
  • the electrical contacts 2520 and 2521 of the second section mate with connectors 2523, 2530 of the third section to establish electrical communication.
  • the alignment of the electrical contacts and the connectors facilitates the transfer of power and communication signals necessary for the device's operation.
  • metal mouthpieces made from stainless steel or aluminum, offer a premium touch and the added benefit of being easy to clean.
  • glass or ceramic can be used due to their inert properties and ability to preserve the purity of flavor.
  • Silicone is another option, known for its softness and flexibility, which can contribute to a more comfortable and adaptable user experience. Each material and size offers a different aesthetic and tactile sensation, providing the user with a range of options to personalize the device.
  • the fully assembled device forms an elongated cylindrical body, resembling a cigar in shape and size, as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B.
  • the body is characterized by its cylindrical form, meaning its cross-sectional profile is circular and consistent throughout its length.
  • the system's modularity primarily revolves around the second section, the removable cartridge, which contains the formulations or medicated fluid. Users have the flexibility to choose from multiple second sections, each potentially containing different medications or combinations thereof. This feature is particularly beneficial for users who require a regimen involving multiple medications, as it allows for the convenient and efficient switching of cartridges without the need for multiple separate devices.
  • the system ensures that these removable cartridges can be easily attached and detached from the first section, which includes the mouthpiece.
  • the receiving section in the first section is tailored to accommodate various cartridges, facilitating a secure and leak-proof connection regardless of the cartridge chosen. This interchangeability is achieved without compromising the functionality or efficiency of the medication delivery process.
  • FIG. 25C illustrates an exploded perspective view of the device with various interconnected sections of the device.
  • FIG. 25C illustrates the mouthpiece component that includes the first attaching structures having attachment portions 2524, 2525 designed for secure coupling with corresponding parts of the second section during assembly.
  • a covering member 2516 is shown having a pull tab 2518. This covering member serves as a protective layer for the atomizer designed to protect the atomizer when not in use. The covering member can be engaged and removed by a user through the pull tab for operational or maintenance purposes.
  • the pull tab extends out from an open portion of the mouthpiece such as the portion that is not inserted into the user’s mouth or into any other component of the device. This strategic placement ensures that the mouthpiece can remain comfortably in place during use, without interfering with the user's comfort. The user can activate the pull tab to remove the protective covering over the atomizer without needing to remove the mouthpiece from their mouth or detach it from the device.
  • the covering member is retractable and directly coupled to the atomizer, enabling the user to expose the atomizer by pulling a tab during use.
  • This pull tab can be hooked to an external tab disposed on the outer wall of the removable cartridge to keep the atomizer accessible while in use.
  • the covering member automatically retracts to its original position, ensuring the atomizer is covered and protected without requiring additional user intervention. This feature not only enhances the usability of the device by making the operation smoother and more convenient but also prevents contamination, thus extending the overall lifespan of the device and maintaining optimal performance over time.
  • 25C further depicts the second section of the device, identifiable as the removable cartridge, which is fitted with two attachments 2526 and 2527, at its first end. These attachments are specifically configured to connect to the attachment portions 2524 and 2525 of the mouthpiece.
  • the opposite end of this section features electrical contacts 2520 and 2521, positioned at the end distal to an atomizer 2546. These contacts are purposed for establishing an electrical connection necessary for the device's operation.
  • the section has the atomizer 2546 placed on an opposite side of the electrical contacts. Positioning the atomizer opposite to the electrical contacts in the removable cartridge section offers several distinct advantages. Primarily, this configuration minimizes the risk of electrical interference or heat damage to the sensitive electronic components.
  • Magnetic connectors are another option, offering the benefits of easy alignment and attachment while also naturally repelling dust and debris.
  • blade or leaf-style contacts known for their durability and strong electrical connection, could be employed, interfacing with slotted connectors on the third section.
  • Each type of contact and connector is selected based on the specific requirements for electrical performance, mechanical robustness, and ease of use, providing flexibility in the device's design to cater to various operational environments and user preferences.
  • the body of this third section includes a slot 2517 or a receiving portion, intended to accommodate the cap 2522 and handle 2528 of the cartridge in an assembled configuration.
  • the handle 2528 provides a means for the user to manipulate the cartridge, facilitating insertion or removal from the second section of the device.
  • the ergonomic design of the mouthpiece ensures a comfortable fit against the user’s lips and mouth, facilitating easy use and efficient medication delivery. Both the shape and the materials of the mouthpiece are selected to enhance comfort during use, while also ensuring durability and maintaining hygiene.
  • the first section also includes a receiving section 2529. This part of the device is designed to interface with a portion of the second section of the system, which contains the wick assembly.
  • the receiving section 2529 is a connection point in the first section for attaching to the second section of the system.
  • the receiving section of the device is designed to ensure a secure and seamless connection with the removable cartridge from the second section, facilitating a harmonious integration between the two components.
  • the mating mechanism may incorporate magnetic elements. These magnets are strategically placed on adjacent surfaces of corresponding sections to facilitate alignment and attachment, providing a user-friendly experience. For example, when the cartridge is brought close to the receiving section, the magnetic attraction helps guide it into the correct position, ensuring a proper and effortless connection.
  • the receiving section may feature a twist-and- lock mechanism.
  • the choice of material plays a significant role in maintaining the integrity of the fluid pathway, preventing contamination, and ensuring the device's overall reliability. Additionally, the material selection for the mouthpiece is critical. It must be durable enough to withstand repeated use and potential exposure to medication, yet soft enough to provide comfort during inhalation. The materials are chosen to be non-reactive with the medication, ensuring that the medication's efficacy is not compromised.
  • the removable cartridge which is cylindrical in this depiction, may alternatively be designed in various shapes such as rectangular, oval, or customized forms to fit specific devices or user preferences. The shape of the cartridge is often dictated by ergonomic considerations, the volume of medication it needs to hold, and how it will interface with the device.
  • FIG. 25F illustrates the removable cartridge designed for use in a formulation delivery device.
  • This figure showcases the removable cartridge, which includes an elongated channel 2540, an atomizer 2546, a wick assembly with a cap 2522 and a wick 2545, and various internal guides 2541, 2542, 2543, 2544.
  • the removable cartridge serves as the reservoir for the medicated formulation. The interchangeable nature of the cartridge allows for ease of refilling or replacing the medication, thus offering flexibility and convenience to the user.
  • the wick within a medication device is a crucial component that absorbs the medication and, upon activation, directs it toward the atomizer for nebulization.
  • the wick’s material is selected based on its absorbency and compatibility with the formulation, often being made from cotton, synthetic fibers, or ceramic materials. Its utility lies in its ability to provide a consistent and controlled delivery of medication, which is particularly important for ensuring accurate dosages and effective treatment.
  • alignment ribs also referred to as alignment ribs, numbered 2541, 2542, 2543, and 2544, are affixed to the interior wall of the channel to ensure the correct placement and stabilization of the wick within the cartridge.
  • the wick is affixed within the removable cartridge.
  • These alignment ribs can vary in shape, such as straight, curved, or angular and can be made from a range of materials that are chosen for their durability and compatibility with the medication. For instance, plastic ribs might be used for their resilience and moldability, while metal ribs could be selected for their strength and rigidity.
  • the size of these ribs is also variable, designed proportionally to fit the internal dimensions of the channel and the size of the wick.
  • the atomizer is strategically located at one end of the cartridge, opposite the end where the removable cap is placed.
  • the wick is oriented transversely or substantially perpendicular to a plane of the atomizer, allowing for an effective transfer of medication.
  • the perpendicular or transverse arrangement of the wick’s longitudinal axis, PP', to the atomizer’s longitudinal axis, RR" ensures an efficient pathway for the formulation to reach the atomizer. This orientation enables one end of the wick to maintain direct contact with the atomizer, allowing the formulation to be conveyed efficiently for nebulization.
  • the relative position of the wick being substantially perpendicular to the atomizer allows the entire cross-sectional surface of the wick to abut directly against the atomizer.
  • This specific configuration ensures that the maximum surface area of the wick is in contact with the atomizer, facilitating a complete and consistent transfer of the liquid formulation from the wick's reservoir to the atomizer.
  • the channel extends from a portion of an outer wall of the removable cartridge to the wick and the capsule is disposed within the channel such that the capsule is arranged transversely to a longitudinal axis of the wick.
  • the cartridge is equipped with electrical contacts, 2535 and 2536, at the end opposite the atomizer, enabling it to interface with the power source of the medication delivery device, ensuring that the atomizer receives the necessary energy to aerosolize the medication for inhalation.
  • This design provides precision in medical device manufacturing, where every component must work synergistically to deliver safe and effective treatment to patients.
  • the electrical contacts are designed to interface with corresponding contacts on a subsequent section. Regarding the first section, it integrates with the second section and the second section further integrates with the third section. These contacts are strategically placed to ensure a reliable electrical connection upon the assembly of the two sections. The primary function of these contacts is to facilitate the transfer of power and control signals between the sections.
  • the electrical contacts activate the atomizer within the first section, initiating the process of converting the fluid into an aerosol.
  • the electrical contacts in the receiving section may include an electrical mating portion. This mating portion is designed to ensure a consistent and uninterrupted electrical connection between the receiving section and the interchangeable cartridge, even when the atomizer is in operation and vibrating. The vibration of the atomizer, necessary for converting the medicated fluid into an aerosol, presents a potential challenge for maintaining a stable electrical connection. To address this, the electrical mating portion is engineered to accommodate movement without losing contact.
  • the electrical mating portion is designed to be robust and to provide a secure connection that can withstand the mechanical stress caused by the atomizer's vibration. This design ensures that there is no disruption in the power supply or control signals between the sections of the device. It is essential for the reliable function of the atomizer and, consequently, for the effective delivery of the medication. Additionally, the electrical mating portion may be integrated in a way that aligns effortlessly with the corresponding contacts on the cartridge. This ease of alignment is important for ensuring that the device is user-friendly and that the process of changing cartridges is straightforward and error- proof.
  • Each section may feature electrical contacts designed for connection with another section. These contacts are crucial for the transmission of power and communication signals between the sections.
  • the electrical contacts are strategically positioned to align with corresponding contacts in an adjacent section. This alignment ensures a secure and efficient electrical connection when the sections are assembled.
  • the contacts are typically made of conductive materials known for their durability and resistance to corrosion, such as gold or silver alloys, to ensure a reliable connection over the lifespan of the device.
  • the design of these contacts takes into account the need for a stable connection that can withstand regular use. This includes considerations for easy alignment and connection, ensuring that when the second and third sections are joined, the electrical contacts meet with minimal effort from the user. This user-friendly design is essential for the regular replacement or refilling of the cartridge in the second section.
  • the electrical contacts may include features such as spring- loaded pins or pressure contacts. These features ensure a consistent electrical connection even when there is slight movement or misalignment between the sections. They provide the necessary flexibility while maintaining a strong electrical contact, crucial for the uninterrupted operation of the atomizer and other electronic components in the device.
  • the electrical contacts are designed to facilitate not just power transmission from the third section’s power source to the atomizer in the first section via the second section but also to allow communication signals to be sent and received. This includes signals related to the control of the atomization process, feedback from sensors in the second section, and information display on the user interface.
  • FIG. 25G illustrates the removable cartridge having a distinct variation from the embodiment outlined in FIG.25F.
  • FIG.25G has the positioning of the removable cap 2556, which is situated on the side of the atomizer of the removable cartridge, rather than on an opposite end of the atomizer.
  • the removable cartridge contains a channel 2552, which is an elongated passage extending from a section of the cartridge's outer wall near the cap to the wick 2554. This channel is critical as it forms the path through which the medication travels from its storage area within the cartridge to the wick, ready for atomization.
  • the channel 2552 is substantially perpendicular or transversely to a plane of the wick 2554, a design that suggests intentionality in how the medicated formulation is delivered to the wick.
  • the wick is securely attached within the body of the cartridge, fixed at one inner wall and reaching out to the atomizer at the opposite end.
  • This attachment can be achieved through a variety of methods.
  • the wick may be embedded into the cartridge during the manufacturing process, mechanically fastened with small clips or tabs, or held in place with non-reactive, medical- grade adhesives. The chosen method typically balances the need for a firm hold to prevent movement during use and the convenience of replacement if necessary.
  • the perpendicular orientation of the wick to the atomizer plays a pivotal role in the uniform distribution of the medicated formulation. When the wick is attached centrally to the atomizer, it allows for an even spread of the liquid across the atomizing component, contributing to a consistent aerosol output.
  • the advantages of this design include more efficient medication delivery, leading to potentially better therapeutic outcomes, minimized wastage of medication due to uneven spreading, and the prevention of hotspots that could lead to inconsistent atomization.
  • the cap’s attachment mechanism is represented in the drawing by a hinged connection, which allows the cap to swing open, presumably illustrated in FIG. 25H.
  • the hinge 2564 enables a controlled opening of the cap, allowing the user to refill the channel 2552 with medication as needed.
  • the figure indicates the cap's pivotal movement along the direction marked as 2568.
  • This hinge system ensures that when the cap is in the closed position, the channel 2552 is fully covered, maintaining the sterility of the wick and the medication. In an open position, the cap exposes the channel, providing access for medication refills for absorption by the wick.
  • cap attachment might include a slide-and-lock mechanism, where the cap slides into place before locking, or a magnetic system that allows for a secure closure without physical clips or latches.
  • the insert tabs such as 2558 and 2560, are positioned on one end of the cartridge. These tabs, with their rounded edges, are designed for effortless insertion into the corresponding part of the mouthpiece. Pushing the cartridge into the mouthpiece until the tabs click into place ensures the cartridge is securely attached, providing the user with a clear indication that the device is ready for use.
  • the design of these tabs is critical not only for a secure fit but also for ensuring ease of cartridge replacement by the user, contributing to the overall practicality and maintenance of the medication delivery device.
  • the formulation is not directly contained in the removable cartridge but instead the wick is pre-absorbed with the formulation is used.
  • This design significantly reduces the likelihood of leaks and spills, as the liquid is securely held within the wick's fibers, which can enhance the device's reliability and user confidence during transport and use.
  • the pre-absorption method ensures that the formulation is evenly distributed across the wick, promoting consistent vapor production and efficient utilization of the substance without the need for frequent refills.
  • This setup also simplifies the cartridge replacement process, as users can swap out the wick assembly without handling the liquid directly, making the process cleaner and more convenient.
  • FIGS.26, 27, 36A through 36C views of a wand embodiment of the device 2600 for administering medication to a patient are shown.
  • FIG. 26 is a partial cross-sectional side view of the wand embodiment.
  • FIG. 27 is a perspective view of the wand embodiment.
  • FIGS. 36A through 36C show additional embodiments of the wand.
  • the mouthpiece 2616 is in fluid communication with the first channel 2620 and second channel 2625 that are configured to guide the flow of atomized medication from the capsule 2630.
  • the device 2600 may be able to rotate about axis 2634 to reorient the mouthpiece direction relative to axis 2635.
  • the upper portion of the device may rotate, whereas in another embodiment, the lower portion of the device, namely, the handle, may rotate in the manner indicated by the arrows in FIG. 27.
  • the rotation about axis 2634 may best be described as a twist or rotational motion. The rotation motion allows the administrator of the medication to view the display on the device and/or have access to the controls.
  • FIG. 26 illustrates a first type of rotation, namely, rotating about an origin or pivoting, and FIG.
  • the case may also include receiving sections or slots configured to securely hold each of the aforementioned components within the case.
  • the case may be comprised of metallic material such as carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, Titanium, other metals or alloys, composites, ceramics, polymeric materials such as polycarbonates, such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS plastic), polycarbonates sold under the trademark Lexan TM and Makrolon TM . other materials having waterproof type properties.
  • the case may be made of other materials and is within the spirit and the disclosure.
  • the case may be formed from a single piece or from several individual pieces joined or coupled together.
  • Method 2900 begins with step 2902, wherein a user determines that the patient is in the unconscious state.
  • Method 2900 includes removing and inserting the second extension tubular chamber of the removable modular tubular extension into a device receiving section depending on the state of the patient. For example, in most unconscious states or conscious states, the device will be in attachment with the first embodiment of the removable modular tubular extension 2000 shown in FIG. 20. The system 100 in FIG. 1A may incorporate this removable modular tubular extension. In an intubated state, the device will be in attachment with the second embodiment, or third embodiment of the removable modular tubular extension shown in FIGS. 21 and 22. Shown in FIGS.
  • the cap of the medication cartridge can be designed with various mechanisms for attachment and detachment to enhance user convenience and ensure the secure containment of the medication.
  • a screw-top design is common, where the cap threads onto the cartridge, providing a tight seal that is both secure and easy to manipulate.
  • a snap-fit cap features protrusions that click into corresponding recesses on the cartridge's surface, offering a simple push-pull method for removal and replacement.
  • Magnetic caps leverage the attraction between embedded magnets for a seamless and effortless attachment that requires minimal effort to open and close.
  • Hinged caps are yet another option, connected to the cartridge by a small, durable hinge that allows the cap to flip open and close with ease, often seen in flip-top bottles and containers.
  • FIG. 29E depicts an embodiment wherein the cartridge 2972 is configured to integrate with a base unit 2960.
  • the base unit is constructed with a receiving chamber containing a channel 2970, deliberately designed to receive the cartridge.
  • a precise snap- fitting mechanism is embodied by connectors or insert tab 2976 on the cartridge that snugly fits into space 2962 of attachment 2964, and insert tab 2974 that fits into space 2968 of attachment 2966 in the base unit, ensuring a secured connection.
  • the atomizer 2971 is designed with a single hole 2963 for nebulization at the center instead of a mesh across the entire surface. Additionally, the atomizer features a flat area around the hole where the connectors or insert tabs 2974 and 2976 are located.
  • the atomizer 2971, located at one end of the cartridge 2972, is a focal component of the device, facilitating its primary function.
  • the operation of the atomizer 2971 employs a piezoelectric element that vibrates at ultrasonic frequencies when energized, creating a fine mist from the liquid contained within the cartridge. This efficient atomization process is optimized for minimal waste and maximum dispersion of the atomized product.
  • the operation and activation of the atomizer in the described device are managed by electronics housed within the removable cartridge, ensuring a streamlined and efficient user experience.
  • This electronic assembly includes a printed circuit board (PCB) and a battery, which together form the control center for the atomizer.
  • the PCB is programmed to regulate power delivery from the battery to the atomizer based on user inputs and pre-set conditions.
  • This setup allows for precise control over the atomization process, enabling features such as adjustable vapor output and temperature settings, which can be tailored to individual preferences for an optimal vaping experience.
  • the inclusion of the battery within the cartridge not only centralizes the power source but also simplifies the design, allowing for compactness and portability.
  • the cartridge becomes a self-contained module that can be easily replaced or upgraded, enhancing the device's convenience and functionality.
  • This system not only increases the ease of maintenance and the reliability of the device but also provides users with a high degree of control over their vaping experience.
  • the base unit displayed in the illustration is equipped with multiple openings, each serving as a potential point of attachment for various additional parts, augmenting the device's functionality.
  • FIGS. 29E and 29F depict the removable cartridge being interchangeable with the base unit 2960 and a mouthpiece 2977.
  • the removable cartridge attaches to the base unit
  • the removable cartridge connects to the mouthpiece 2977 using the same insert tabs 2974 and 2976. These tabs are inserted into corresponding gaps of the attachments 2975 and 2979 on the inner wall of the mouthpiece.
  • the insert tab 2976 fits snugly into the gap provided by attachment 2975 of the mouthpiece, and the insert tab 2974 fits into a gap provided by attachment 2979 of the mouthpiece. Both attachments, 2975 and 2979, are strategically positioned on the inner wall of the mouthpiece to ensure a secure coupling.
  • This design facilitates a robust connection and allows for easy assembly and disassembly.
  • the utilization of same tabs for modular attachment to various components, such as the base unit and the mouthpiece offers significant advantages in terms of device modularity. This uniformity allows the removable cartridge to be used across different applications and requirements, enhancing the versatility of the device.
  • FIG. 29H illustrates the assembly where the cartridge 2972 of FIG. 29E, is inserted within the base unit 2960.
  • This assembly is characterized by the precise positioning of the connector or insert tab 2976 into the attachment 2964 of the base unit.
  • the complementary connector or insert tab 2974 is engaged within another attachment point, 2966 of the base unit.
  • This dual-connection configuration ensures a secure and stable integration of the cartridge with the base unit, forming a unified and operational assembly.
  • FIG. 29I presents the cartridge integrated within the mouthpiece 2977.
  • the same insert tab 2976 is fitted within the attachment 2975 of the mouthpiece, establishing a firm and precise coupling.
  • the same insert tab 2974 is positioned within the attachment 2979, which is located within an inner surface of the mouthpiece.
  • the barrier between the two chambers Upon activation, which can be triggered by external pressure, a twist mechanism, or a chemical reaction, the barrier between the two chambers is breached, enabling the previously isolated medication to move into the second chamber.
  • the second chamber facilitates fluid communication with the medication, allowing it to mix with other components necessary for the delivery or activation of the drug. This could include solvents to dissolve the medication or other substances designed to modify the medication’s delivery profile, such as buffers or stabilizers.
  • the design of the second chamber often includes features to promote effective mixing and ensure complete dissolution or combination of the components involved.
  • the formulation During shipping and transport, the formulation remains confined within the first chamber of the two-chamber capsule, providing a stable and secure environment. This configuration prevents unintended exposure or premature mixing of the medication with any accompanying fluids or substances, ensuring the integrity and potency of the medication during transit.
  • the capsule's design allows for controlled fluid communication between the first and second chambers.
  • FIGS. 32C and 32D illustrate an embodiment where the capsule has a rubber section as a covering member 3244 covering an open portion on a top side 3250 of the capsule.
  • the capsule includes a chamber 3246 for receiving the formulation 3222 and a rubber section as the seal or covering member 3244 covering the open portion of the chamber of the capsule.
  • the rubber section allows for formulation to be inserted into the capsule.
  • the capsule further includes the wick 3248 proximate to a second or bottom side of the capsule. The wick, as shown in FIG. 29G abuts the atomizer.
  • a user of the capsule may add formulation by inserting a syringe through the rubber section and using the syringe to dispense the formulation into the capsule chamber 3246.
  • the syringe 3240 having a plunger 3254, and a needle 3242 contains the formulation 3252 and the syringe is inserted through the covering member 3244 into the chamber 3246.
  • the syringe is inserted along a direction P such that a portion of the needle 3242 is positioned inside the chamber 3246, shown in FIG. 32D.
  • the plunger 3254 of the syringe is drawn with a downward force applied in the direction Q, as shown in FIG.32D.
  • the formulation is released by the needle in form of droplets 3256 and received by the portion of the wick 3248.
  • the formulation is absorbed by the wick and conveyed to the atomizer.
  • the capsule chamber is above the wick 3248 and abuts the wick 3248 such that gravity allows the formulation to be received and absorbed by the wick. Gravity forces the formulation down such that the formulation presses down against the wick.
  • the senor may be a float sensor that measures the level of liquid in the capsule chamber.
  • the float sensor is a continuous level sensor featuring a magnetic float that rises and falls as liquid levels change. The movement of the magnetic float creates a magnetic field that actuates a hermetically sealed reed switch located in the stem of the level sensor, triggering the switch to open or close.
  • Other types of sensors configured to detect the amount of liquid in the capsule chamber may be used and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Additionally, the maximum amount of formulation or time may be adjusted depending on the patient, medication and variety of other factors.
  • the covering member 3244 is a removeable covering, such as, but not limited to, a cap or seal, in attachment with the top side 3250 of the capsule to preserve the formulation and/or prevent the formulation from leaking.
  • the removeable covering allows users of the system to store capsules for emergency use or long-term use, depending on the type of removeable covering.
  • the capsule may be color-coded for emergency medication or may include labels that identify the medication within the capsule.
  • the capsule may also include a locking element that prevents the capsule from atomizing the medication unless an access code is provided.
  • a variety of liquid formulations can be utilized depending on the specific medical or therapeutic application intended.
  • formulations may include, but are not limited to, solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
  • Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where the medication is completely dissolved in a solvent, typically water or an organic solvent like ethanol, which ensures rapid and uniform delivery upon administration.
  • Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures where the medication particles are dispersed throughout the solvent but are not dissolved; this form is useful for substances that are insoluble or unstable in a solvent, providing a controlled release as the particles slowly dissolve over time.
  • Emulsions which are mixtures of two immiscible liquids where one is dispersed in the other as fine droplets, often include an oil phase and a water phase, and are particularly beneficial for drugs that require a buffered release or enhanced absorption.
  • FIG. 32E illustrates an embodiment of a vaping device, specifically showing the structural and functional integration of its electrical components.
  • the device 3260 features a circuit board 3261, which is coupled to the bottom portion of the mouthpiece.
  • the figures depicts the circuit board 3261 attached to the bottom side, other embodiments disclosing the circuit board to be attached on the top side are also covered within the scope of the invention.
  • the main Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 3278 Within the body of circuit board 3261 lies the main Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 3278, forming the central hub for the device's electrical operations.
  • PCB Printed Circuit Board
  • the circuit board 3261 is securely affixed to the mouthpiece by a locking element 3263, ensuring a stable and durable connection that withstands usage forces.
  • Alternative methods for affixing the circuit board could include snap-fit mechanisms, adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, or the use of magnets for a tool-free assembly and easier maintenance. These alternatives could offer varying degrees of permanence and ease of disassembly, catering to different design priorities such as repairability or manufacturing efficiency.
  • the removable cartridge of the device it is equipped with a channel 2552 that allows for the transport of the liquid from the cartridge to the wick 2554. The design ensures that the wick remains in direct contact with the atomizer 2562, which is crucial for the efficient vaporization of the liquid.
  • the removable cartridge is designed for easy attachment to the mouthpiece, facilitated by two insert tabs 2558 and 2560 that slide into cavities 2997 and 2981. This method of attachment not only provides a secure fit but also allows for quick replacement of the cartridge.
  • the external surface of the removable cartridge is provided with a cap 2556, which features a hinge 2564, providing a protective cover for the cartridge and potentially preventing leakage or contamination of the contents.
  • the hinged design of the cap offers convenience for the user, allowing easy access for refilling the cartridge without complete detachment from the device.
  • the removable cartridge housing electrical contacts 3268 and 3266 are designed to fit snugly within the connectors 3270 and 3272 of the mouthpiece.
  • the removable cartridge features electrical contacts 2535 and 2536, which correspond to connectors 2994 and 2995 of the removable battery 2996.
  • the removable battery has contacts 3262 and 3264 for engaging with connectors 3272 and 3274.
  • a complete electrical circuit is formed as the contacts 3268 and 3266 mate with connectors 3270 and 3272.
  • the battery contacts are aligned and inserted within board connectors 3274 and 3276. This configuration establishes the necessary electrical communication between the atomizer, the battery, and the circuit board, enabling the device to function as designed, converting the liquid formulation into an inhalable vapor efficiently.
  • the embodiment described featuring a circuit board attached to the bottom of the mouthpiece and a top-loading mechanism for the removable cartridge and battery or other electronics, presents advantages for both functionality and user experience.
  • the design utilizes the typically unused space within the mouthpiece's lower region, thus facilitating a more compact and streamlined device profile.
  • This spatial arrangement allows for a reduction in the overall length and diameter of the device, contributing to a sleek and portable design.
  • centralizing the weight at the bottom of the device can contribute to a more balanced and comfortable hold for the user.
  • the bottom placement of the circuit board also provides a natural separation from the heating elements and liquid reservoir, reducing the risk of heat damage or liquid intrusion to the sensitive electronic components, which enhances the durability and reliability of the device.
  • the top-loading configuration for the cartridge and battery offers considerable advantages in terms of maintenance and usability.
  • This design simplifies the process of replacing or refilling the cartridge and swapping the battery without the need to disassemble the entire device or disturb the circuit board, which can be a delicate operation. It also provides a quick and intuitive method for users to interact with the device, facilitating better access and visibility to the components that require more frequent handling.
  • the design minimizes the complexity of assembly and can result in a more cost- effective production process. For the user, it translates into a more user-friendly product that requires less effort to maintain.
  • the modular nature of this design means that the device can be easily customized or upgraded, allowing for a range of cartridges or batteries to be interchangeably used, thus offering flexibility and extending the product's market appeal.
  • FIG. 32F is a method 3251 for atomizing formulation, according to an example embodiment.
  • the user begins by inserting the capsule into the device.
  • the capsule comprising the wick assembly, as shown in FIGS. 25F through 25H, and 29D is inserted into the removable cartridge.
  • This step is critical as it involves the precise placement of the capsule within the housing to ensure proper alignment with the internal mechanisms of the device.
  • the wick is placed into a channel having guides 2541 through 2544 to enable smooth and unhindered placement of the wick, as shown in FIG. 25F.
  • the design allows for the cap to be securely fastened to the cartridge, often with a locking mechanism that also maintains the optimal position of the wick for the atomization process.
  • the atomizer is activated, initiating the process of generating atomized medication. This is where the device transforms the formulation from the wick into a fine mist that can be inhaled by the user.
  • the activation of the atomizer is typically controlled by a button or a sensor that detects inhalation.
  • the user administers the atomized formulation via the device.
  • the design of the mouthpiece ensures that the medication is delivered efficiently and comfortably to the user, allowing for optimal absorption and therapeutic effect.
  • the removable modular tubular extension 2000 is shown according to additional example embodiments.
  • the y-shaped extension includes a receiving section 3505 in fluid communication with the second extension tubular chamber 2010.
  • the receiving section 3505 is configured for receiving a capsule 3508.
  • Capsule 3508 is understood to represent any embodiment of a capsule consistent with the present disclosure. It is further understood, that capsule 3508 may represent and/or include, in certain embodiments, a medicine vial.
  • a standard medicine vial a prevalent form in which medications are often stored, typically consists of a cylindrical container made of glass or plastic with a sealed cap.
  • the receiving section may further include a cross section corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the capsule to facilitate the insertion of the capsule into the device.
  • the receiving section may also include electrical contacts on the interior surface of the receiving section to align with the electrical contacts on the capsule.
  • the removable modular tubular extension 2000 may further include a button 3450 being the button disclosed in the embodiment of FIGS. 34A through 34D and as described herein. Moreover, the device may include a pull tab electrical insulator 2305 as shown and described herein in reference to FIGS. 23 through 25.
  • the removable modular tubular extension may be comprised of metallic material such as carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, Titanium, other metals or alloys, composites, ceramics, polymeric materials such as polycarbonates, such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS plastic), polycarbonates sold under the trademark Lexan TM and Makrolon TM . other materials having waterproof type properties.
  • the removable modular tubular extension may be made of other materials and is within the spirit and the disclosure.
  • the removable modular tubular extension may be formed from a single piece or from several individual pieces joined or coupled together.
  • the components of the removable modular tubular extension may be manufactured from a variety of different processes including an extrusion process, a mold, casting, welding, shearing, punching, folding, 3D printing, CNC machining, etc. However, other types of processes may also be used and are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the modular tubular extension, as an integral component of the medical device can also be constructed from a variety of materials that conform to the stringent requirements of medical device applications. Examples of suitable materials include medical-grade plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and thermoplastic elastomers (TPE).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomers
  • plastics offer a combination of biocompatibility, flexibility, and ease of manufacturing, making them well-suited for medical device tubing.
  • Silicone known for its excellent biocompatibility, high-temperature resistance, and flexibility, is commonly utilized in medical tubing and catheters.
  • stainless steel may be employed due to its corrosion resistance.
  • Titanium and titanium alloys renowned for their strength, low density, and biocompatibility, find utility in medical implants.
  • Nitinol a shape memory alloy, is employed in devices necessitating dynamic shape changes.
  • Biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) are used for temporary medical devices that degrade over time.
  • the choice of material for the modular tubular extension depends on factors such as the intended use, desired properties, biocompatibility, sterilization compatibility, and regulatory compliance, all of which ensure patient safety and device performance within the confines of medical device regulations.
  • the device may be comprised of the same materials as the modular tubular extension.
  • Consistency in material composition ensures compatibility and minimizes the risk of material interactions or incompatibilities that could compromise device performance or patient safety. This approach assures biocompatibility throughout the device, reducing the likelihood of adverse reactions or complications.
  • employing identical materials simplifies manufacturing and processing, eliminating the need for additional material compatibility testing and streamlining production processes.
  • the second extension tubular chamber includes a first section 2105 and a second section 2110.
  • the first section is configured to be received by the device and has an angle 2115 relative to the second section.
  • Angle 2115 is approximately 135 degrees.
  • the second section 2110 is perpendicular to the first extension tubular chamber such that the angle between the second section and the first extension tubular chamber is at angle 2120, which is approximately 45 degrees.
  • the third embodiment of the removable modular tubular extension is similar to the second embodiment.
  • the third embodiment includes a rotating element 2205 that alters angle 2115 between the first section and the second section.
  • the rotating element allows the device and the tubular chamber to be positioned at an angle that is optimal for various positions of the patient.
  • the second extension tubular chamber may include a variable angle and/or partial composition from a flexible material, thereby enabling a variable angle within the conduit. By incorporating a variable angle within the conduit, the invention provides increased flexibility and adaptability in fluid communication with the first extension tubular chamber.
  • the conduit can be adjusted to different angles or orientations, accommodating diverse system configurations or specific requirements. This adjustability allows for precise routing of fluids, optimizing flow dynamics and enhancing the overall performance of the system.
  • the conduit's composition may be comprised of a flexible material in at least a portion of the conduit, namely the portion requiring the variable bend and/or angle, which contributes to the variable angle capability.
  • the flexible nature of the material enables the conduit to bend or flex at the desired angle, facilitating seamless fluid communication with the first channel. This flexibility allows for smooth and uninterrupted flow, minimizing pressure losses or restrictions within the system.
  • the incorporation of a conduit with a variable angle and flexibility within the invention presents numerous advantages. It enables the adaptation of fluid routing to specific needs, optimizing system performance and efficiency.
  • step 2904 the user. inserts the capsule containing the medication into the device, or base unit, having the tubular chamber.
  • the user removes the stop on the capsule that inhibits the first chamber from translating relative to the second chamber.
  • step 2908 the user applies a second force to the first chamber causing the first chamber to translate relative to the second chamber rupturing a membrane disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber thus providing fluid communication between the first chamber and the second chamber.
  • step 2910 the user provides power to the atomizer by removing an insulator that prevents electrical communication between the atomizer and a power source.
  • the processor activates the atomizer to atomize the medication to generate at least one atomized medication comprising a plurality of particles. Each particle of said plurality of particles is at most four microns in diameter.
  • gravity causes the liquid formulation to move from the first chamber to the second chamber.
  • the device dispenses the atomized medication from the capsule into the tubular chamber.
  • step 2918 the user applies a force to a mask that is positioned over the patient’s nose and the patient’s mouth and in fluid communication with the tubular chamber.
  • step 2920 the user administers the atomized medication to the patient using the device by at least partially deflating a resilient air bladder in fluid communication with the tubular chamber causing air within the resilient air bladder to be conveyed from the resilient air bladder into the tubular chamber.
  • step 2922 the user determines that the patient is in the conscious state. Therefore, the user must convert the device such that the patient can inhale the atomized medication by themselves.
  • step 2924 the user removes the resilient air bladder from the second extension receiving section.
  • step 2926 the user attaches a cap to cover the second extension receiving section. Steps 2922 through 2926 convert the device into the device illustrated in FIGS.
  • step 2928 the user administers the atomized medication to the patient using the device by conveying the at least one atomized medication from the tubular chamber though the mouthpiece that is in fluid communication with the tubular chamber or the mask that is positioned over the patient’s nose and the patient’s mouth and in fluid communication with the tubular chamber.
  • step 2930 the user removes the mask or the mouthpiece from the first extension receiving section.
  • step 2932 the user removes the cap or the resilient air bladder from the second extension receiving section.
  • step 2934 the user attaches an endotracheal tube to the device so that endotracheal tube is in fluid communication with the tubular chamber and the conduit.
  • step 2936 the user attaches a conduit in fluid communication with an air outlet of a respiratory support device to the second extension receiving section. Steps 2930 through 2936 convert the device to the example embodiment shown in FIG. 19. These steps allow the device to be used when the patient is in an intubated state.
  • FIGS.30A and 30B views of a capsule system 3000 for use with a medical device for administering at least one atomized medication to a patient are shown, according to an example embodiment.
  • the materials for the chambers may include, but are not limited to, biocompatible materials that are suitable for storing medication and for constructing an atomizer, such as medical-grade plastics, stainless steel, ceramics, or other non-reactive materials.
  • Two separate chambers facilitate ease of cleaning or replacing parts, reduce the risk of contamination, and contribute to a more compact and streamlined design of the capsule system.
  • the second chamber includes tapered wall sections 1750 to direct the at least one medication toward the mesh of the atomizer.
  • the tapered wall sections refer to a compartment or space featuring a sloping or gradually narrowing wall within its structure. This specific design is implemented to guide or direct the medication toward the atomizer.
  • the capsule system also includes a housing 3025 that substantially encloses the chambers.
  • the housing is a protective case or enclosure designed to contain and protect internal components. This provides a controlled environment for the medication contained within the chamber.
  • a membrane 1720 preventing fluid communication is disposed between the first chamber from the second chamber.
  • the membrane is a thin, flexible layer or barrier that prevents the passage of liquid.
  • the membrane may include, but is not limited to, a range of impermeable materials that are compatible with the medication and the atomizer, such as certain plastics, elastomers, or composite materials that are engineered to provide a secure yet breakable or penetrable barrier. The membrane allows precise control over the release and flow of medication into the atomizer.
  • Such a mechanism can enable the flow of medication or another substance from one chamber to the other or activate specific functionalities within the medical device.
  • the careful configuration of the rupturing element for engagement with the membrane in response to a specific force represents a controlled, precise mechanism for regulating fluid communication within the system. It allows for more control over medication dosage, timing, or mixing of components and enhances safety by ensuring that the membrane is ruptured under controlled conditions.
  • a stop 1725 is disposed between the first chamber and the second chamber inhibiting the first chamber from translating relative to the second chamber.
  • the plug may be constructed from, but is not limited to, various materials, such as rubber, silicone, or other elastomers, which offer properties like flexibility, resilience, and resistance to chemical interaction with the medication. The selection of materials would depend on the specific demands of the capsule system and its intended medical application.
  • FIGS.31A through 31D views of the capsule system 3100, 3101 for use with a medical device for administering at least one atomized medication to a patient are shown, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 31A is a cross-section of a side view of a capsule system 3100, according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 31B is a cross-section of a side view of the capsule system 3100, wherein the removable container is inserted, according to an example embodiment.
  • the fluid sensor is configured to detect and monitor the level or presence of medication within the first chamber and/or second chamber of the capsule system.
  • the fluid sensor operates in coordination with other components to ensure proper dispensing of medication. By continually monitoring the fluid level, it provides real-time feedback, enabling precise control over the dosage and alerting the system if the medication reaches a critical level.
  • the fluid sensor adds an additional layer of control and safety in the medication administration process, reducing the risk of administering incorrect dosages, and enhancing the ability to provide tailored treatment regimens.
  • the capsule system 3101 may include a fluid sensor for the removable container 3115 and a second fluid sensor for the first chamber 3105.
  • the electrical contacts are in electrical communication with a power source. The electrical contacts refer to the conductive interface designed to establish a connection within an electronic circuit.
  • the electrical contacts may be composed of, but are not limited to, conductive materials such as copper, gold, or alloys, providing efficient energy transmission without significant loss.
  • This provision for electrical communication with a power source offers improvements over prior art by allowing for consistent and controlled operations of the capsule system, enhancing both reliability and performance, particularly in comparison with manually operated or less sophisticated electronically controlled systems.
  • FIG. 32 a cross-section of a side view of the capsule system 3200, wherein an external container 3205 is in fluid communication with the capsule system, is shown, according to an example embodiment.
  • the first chamber 1705 is in fluid communication with an external container via an elongated tube 3210.
  • the external container has the medication 510.
  • the external container is an intravenous line (“IV”) solution bag that holds the medication solution.
  • IV intravenous line
  • the external container is an intravenous bag or infusion bag being a sterile, flexible container holding fluids, medications, and/or other solutions.
  • the external container may be made of medical- grade plastic materials that are compatible with the solutions they contain.
  • the external container and tube enable the controlled transfer of medication or other substances. This connection allows the capsule system to draw the medication from an external source, either continuously or in measured quantities, depending on the requirements of the medical device and treatment protocol.
  • the elongated tube serves as the conduit for this transfer, maintaining a controlled and sterile pathway between the components.
  • the most common IV bags are typically made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyolefin, which are flexible, transparent, and resistant to chemical interactions with the fluids and medications inside.
  • the elongated tube and connecting elements that facilitate this fluid communication may be constructed of biocompatible and inert materials, such as medical-grade silicone, polyurethane, or other suitable polymers. These materials ensure that the integrity and purity of the medication are maintained during transfer.
  • the elongated tube provides fluid communication between the first chamber and the external container. The fluid and/or the medication from the bag flows through tubing connected to the IV catheter. The elongated tube is in attachment with the first chamber of the capsule.
  • a medical needle 3215 is attached to the distal end of the elongated tube, and the needle is inserted into the self-sealing rubber stopper of the capsule and partially into the first chamber.
  • the medication will continuously drip, at an adjustable flow rate, into the at least one chamber of the capsule.
  • the external container and elongated tube permit the medical device to access larger volumes of medication or other fluids stored externally, thus enabling longer or more complex treatment regimens without the need to refill the internal chamber frequently.
  • the ability to connect with external containers also allows for versatility in medication types and concentrations, providing customization to individual patient needs. By maintaining a secure and sterile pathway for fluid transfer, this embodiment ensures safety and efficiency in delivering medication.
  • FIG. 33 a diagram of the capsule system 3300 for use with a medical device for administering atomized medication to a patient is shown, according to an example embodiment.
  • the capsule system further includes an electrical conductor 3305 connecting the capsule to a remote-control device 3315 such that the capsule includes a port 3310.
  • the remote-control device 3315 may be the medical device or base unit that includes a display, a processor, and a power source.
  • the medical device may have a port 3320.
  • the display allows for visual feedback and interaction
  • the processor controls the operations and data processing
  • the power source provides energy for the system.
  • the conductor enables data and control signals to be sent between the capsule and the remote-control device, ensuring synchronized operation and real-time control of the medication administering process.
  • the remote- control device is separate from the device which receives the capsule.
  • a remote-control device typically refers to an electronic device used to operate another device from a distance, typically wirelessly.
  • the remote-control device interacts with the capsule through an electrical conductor connecting to a port. It may comprise elements such as a display, a processor, and a power source. This integration allows healthcare providers or patients to monitor, adjust, and control the capsule system's operation, facilitating tailored treatment regimens and responsive care.
  • An electrical conductor is any material or substance through which electric current can pass easily. It includes not only wires and cables but also components like metal bars, plates, or even certain liquids and gases. Conductors are characterized by their ability to carry electrical charges with minimal resistance.
  • the capsule may include more than one conductor as well.
  • the electrical conductor may be an electrical lead.
  • An electrical lead is a conductor or wire that is used to connect an electrical device to a power source, such as a charger connecting a device to an outlet - or in the context of this invention, connect the capsule to the medical device.
  • the electrical conductor may be made from, but are not limited to, materials such as copper, silver, or gold, known for their high electrical conductivity and reliability.
  • the insulation surrounding the conductor would typically be made of materials resistant to medical environments, such as teflon or other medical-grade polymers.
  • the port is a specific interface or receptacle on an electronic device or apparatus that facilitates the transfer of data, electrical signals, power, or other information between the device and external components, such as cables, connectors, or peripherals.
  • the port typically comprises a well-defined physical and electrical structure designed to accommodate compatible connectors, ensuring secure and reliable connections.
  • the structure of the port may correspond to the electrical lead such that the port is configured with a compatible shape, size, and electrical layout that matches the design of the electrical lead.
  • the port typically includes male or female terminals, pins, or contacts, strategically positioned within the receptacle to match the corresponding connectors or plugs on the electrical lead.
  • the electrical lead features complementary male or female connectors designed to fit precisely into the corresponding terminals of the port.
  • the port's structural design may also incorporate additional features such as locking mechanisms, shielding, or protective covers to enhance durability, prevent accidental disconnections, and safeguard against potential hazards.
  • port should be construed to encompass a broad range of configurations, including but not limited to, input/output (I/O) ports, charging ports, data transfer ports, audio ports, video ports, or any other interface specifically engineered to enable communication, interaction, or power exchange between the capsule and external entities or devices.
  • I/O input/output
  • the electrical conductor and ports enhance the functionality, flexibility, and user experience of the medical device. Unlike previous designs that may rely solely on manual control or limited interface, this configuration allows for precise control, monitoring, and customization of the treatment.
  • the integration with a remote-control device equipped with a display, processor, and power source enables a more sophisticated and tailored approach to medication administration, potentially improving treatment outcomes, patient compliance, and healthcare professionals' efficiency.
  • the system may be in attachment with a respiratory support device configured to provide airflow to the system.
  • the mask 3710 is a standard medical mask that is commonly used in the veterinary field.
  • the mask 3710 is configured to cover the muzzle 3715 of the horse.
  • the muzzle, or snout, of an animal is the projecting jaws and nose of the animal.
  • Other types of medical masks may be used depending on the animal being treated.
  • the medication may be an aqueous suspension or a solution including at least one of cells, cellular byproducts, and cell-derived products.
  • the aqueous suspension refer to a liquid medium, primarily water-based, in which the cells or cell-derived materials are suspended or dissolved.
  • Cells may include, but are not limited to, various types of biological cells, such as somatic cells, stem cells, or even specialized cells like nerve or muscle cells.
  • Cells refer to living cells, such as stem cells, which can be used for regenerative therapies.
  • Cellular byproducts may include, but are not limited to, elements like enzymes, waste products, or signaling molecules produced by cells.
  • Cell-derived products may include molecules synthesized by cells, such as proteins, lipids, or nucleic acids.
  • the cells can be of any type suitable for veterinary applications, with properties that are deemed therapeutic.
  • Cell byproducts are substances produced naturally by cells and may have therapeutic effects. Examples could include enzymes or antibodies that can have a direct therapeutic action or facilitate other biological processes beneficial to the animal's health.
  • Cell-derived products are materials produced from cells but may not be naturally occurring. For example, proteins engineered for specific therapeutic actions would fall under this category.
  • the use of an aqueous suspension as the medium for these cellular components offers significant advantages over prior art, such as improved bioavailability and rapid onset of therapeutic effects.
  • the method of administration, via atomization and inhalation, represents a significant technological advancement, optimizing the delivery and efficacy of the medication.
  • the components of the system such as the tubular chamber and atomizer, may be composed of materials that are biologically inert, such as medical-grade plastics or metals, to maintain the medication's integrity throughout the administration process.
  • Exosomes contain various bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (like RNA). They play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and have been found to be involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes are natural carriers of biological information, functioning almost like tiny 'message parcels' between cells. They can modulate immune responses, facilitate tissue repair, and even transfer genetic material. The use of exosomes in the aqueous solution offers improvements over prior art by facilitating targeted delivery of bioactive molecules to specific cells or tissues. This enhances the treatment's efficacy and potentially reduces side effects.
  • the exosome-containing solution is designed to be compatible with the materials of the device, which may include medical-grade plastics or metals, thereby preserving the integrity and activity of the exosomes throughout the administration process.
  • the medication includes at least one of peptides, proteins, growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (“hMSCs”) suspended and/or dissolved in an aqueous medium. These bioactive agents derived from hMSCs are either suspended or dissolved in the aqueous medium.
  • the hMSCs exhibit a multipotent differentiation potential, which means they can differentiate into various cell lineages, specifically those of mesenchymal origin.
  • Peptides and proteins may include amino acid sequences involved in cellular signaling or structural functions. Growth factors are proteins that regulate cell growth and division, while cytokines are small proteins involved in cell signaling. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound carriers of bioactive molecules. This form of medication offers improvements over the prior art by providing a targeted and efficient method of delivering a complex mixture of bioactive molecules. These molecules interact synergistically to promote tissue repair, modulate immune responses, and carry out other therapeutic functions, thereby enhancing the overall efficacy of the treatment.
  • the aqueous medium and the bioactive molecules are specifically formulated to be compatible with the materials of the device, which may be composed of medical-grade plastics or metals, ensuring that the integrity and bioactivity of the medication are maintained throughout the administration process.
  • the medication includes no preservatives.
  • Preservatives are substances added to medications to prolong shelf life by inhibiting microbial growth or chemical degradation.
  • the absence of preservatives offers several advantages over the prior art, one of which is the potential for reduced risk of allergic reactions or sensitivities in the animal receiving treatment.
  • a preservative-free formulation can be advantageous in maintaining the biological activity and integrity of sensitive bioactive agents like peptides, proteins, or cellular components.
  • FIGS. 43K and 47 through 50 multiple pharmaceutical compositions are illustrated.
  • various pharmaceutical solutions are presented for use with a vibrating mesh nebulizer, each tailored for specific therapeutic purposes. These solutions are meticulously formulated with precise concentrations of active ingredients and are designed to operate within a defined pH range, ensuring both efficacy and stability for nebulization.
  • the pH of these pharmaceutical compositions is between 3pH to 7.5pH. In other embodiments, the pH may be more ideally maintained between 4 pH and 7.5 pH. This precise pH control is critical for several reasons integral to the efficacy, stability, and safety of the compositions.
  • compositions for administering these compositions, specific dosing guidelines are established: for example, a dose of 0.1 ml is nebulized and delivered in 3 breaths, while a larger dose of 0.3 ml is nebulized across 9 breaths. The achievement of the total intended dose is reached upon the nebulization and administration of 0.3 ml of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • these pharmaceutical compositions are prepared and stored in capsules, they are formulated in quantities sufficient to allow for a number of breaths, providing flexibility in dosing. This approach is particularly advantageous as it negates the need to alter the pharmaceutical composition itself to accommodate variations in patients' body weights.
  • the capsule may contain 3 mL of the pharmaceutical composition, a volume that accommodates multiple dosing regimens for flexible treatment.
  • first pharmaceutical composition or first solution being a naloxone- based pharmaceutical composition
  • this pharmaceutical composition comprises naloxone 4350 as the active ingredient, dissolved in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, where the sodium chloride concentration is maintained between 0.6% and 3%.
  • Naloxone constitutes approximately 4% to 6% of the total composition.
  • the composition may solely consist of these elements, while in other embodiments, it may include additional components such as buffers for pH stability, stabilizers to enhance shelf- life, or other active ingredients that synergize with naloxone, all falling within the scope of this disclosure.
  • a second pharmaceutical composition or second solution being a naloxone and yohimbine 4700 based pharmaceutical composition
  • this composition features a combination of naloxone and yohimbine in an aqueous sodium chloride solution.
  • the sodium chloride concentration ranges from 0.6% to 3%, with naloxone present at 4% to 6%, and yohimbine at 2.5% to 6%. While certain embodiments focus solely on these components, others might include additional elements such as buffers for pH stability, stabilizers, or other active ingredients compatible with naloxone and yohimbine, adhering to the intended therapeutic application of the composition.
  • a third pharmaceutical composition or third solution being a naloxone, yohimbine, and albuterol 4800 based pharmaceutical composition
  • this comprehensive pharmaceutical composition integrates naloxone 4350, yohimbine 4700, and albuterol 4800 in an aqueous sodium chloride base.
  • the sodium chloride concentration is from 0.6% to 3%, with naloxone at 4% to 6%, yohimbine at 2.5% to 6%, and albuterol between 0.025% to 0.075%.
  • Some embodiments of this composition may be limited to these ingredients, while others could incorporate additional components like buffers, stabilizers, or other active ingredients that complement the primary agents without departing from the intended scope of the composition.
  • a fourth pharmaceutical composition or fourth solution being a naloxone 4350 and tolazoline 4900 based pharmaceutical composition; this composition pairs naloxone with tolazoline in an aqueous sodium chloride solution, where the sodium chloride concentration ranges from 0.6% to 3%.
  • naloxone comprises approximately 4% to 6% of the composition, while tolazoline is included at a concentration of about 50% to 75%.
  • Alternative embodiments may include buffers for pH adjustment, stabilizers, or other active ingredients that fit within the therapeutic objectives of the solution.
  • a fifth pharmaceutical composition or fifth solution being a yohimbine, based pharmaceutical composition
  • this solution contains yohimbine 4700 as the sole active ingredient in an aqueous sodium chloride base, where the sodium chloride concentration is between 0.6% and 3%.
  • Yohimbine constitutes approximately 2.5% to 6% of the composition.
  • Some embodiments might be exclusively yohimbine-based, whereas others could include additional components like buffers, stabilizers, or other active ingredients that are consistent with yohimbine’s pharmacological profile and therapeutic goals.
  • naloxone 4350 and albuterol 4800 are combined in an aqueous sodium chloride solution, with the sodium chloride concentration ranging from 0.6% to 3%.
  • Naloxone is formulated at approximately 4% to 6% of the composition, while albuterol is between 0.025% to 0.075%. While certain embodiments concentrate solely on these two active ingredients, others might encompass additional components like buffers, stabilizers, or other active ingredients that are compatible and supportive of the therapeutic objectives.
  • a seventh pharmaceutical composition or seventh solution being a yohimbine and albuterol based pharmaceutical composition; this pharmaceutical composition combines yohimbine and albuterol in an aqueous sodium chloride base.
  • the sodium chloride concentration ranges from 0.6% to 3%, with yohimbine between 2.5% to 6%, and albuterol between 0.025% to 0.075%.
  • the basic composition includes just these components, alternative embodiments could incorporate additional elements such as buffers, stabilizers, or other active ingredients, as long as they align with the intended therapeutic use and overall.
  • an eighth pharmaceutical compound a pharmaceutical composition specifically formulated to address opioid dependency is disclosed.
  • This composition combines the active ingredient naloxone, a potent opioid antagonist, with buprenorphine 5000, a partial opioid agonist.
  • the buprenorphine component plays a critical role in this formulation by adhering to the mu-opioid receptors, thereby facilitating the targeted delivery of naloxone to these receptors.
  • naloxone is typically unable to effectively reach the mu-opioid receptors without the presence of buprenorphine.
  • This synergistic relationship between buprenorphine and naloxone is central to the efficacy of the medication, sold under the trademarks Suboxone® and Zubsolv®.
  • This embodiment leverages the unique pharmacological properties of both naloxone and buprenorphine, offering an effective treatment modality for patients grappling with opioid dependency, and aligns with current therapeutic protocols in addiction medicine.
  • Various pharmaceutical compositions comprising buprenorphine and/or naloxone are contemplated and disclosed herein.
  • a series of pharmaceutical compositions are designed for use with a vibrating mesh nebulizer, focusing on the administration of buprenorphine, both alone and in combination with naloxone, for the treatment of pain and opioid use disorder.
  • said composition includes buprenorphine 5000 as the active ingredient, dissolved in sterile water with a sodium chloride content ranging from 0% to 3%.
  • the buprenorphine concentration is approximately 0.02% to 0.045% (0.2mg/ml to 0.45mg/ml).
  • the solution's pH, adjusted using hydrochloric acid, is maintained between 3.5 and 7.8.
  • Such a formulation may be applicable for administering said medication in situations that require immediate acute pain relief, such as in the field of military and first responder application.
  • this composition may further includes a cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor at a predetermined strength, alongside buprenorphine.
  • the inhibitor's inclusion aims to decrease the clearance of buprenorphine, potentially extending its half- life.
  • Such a formulation may be used for treating chronic pain relief and also for naloxone sensitive opioid dependency.
  • buprenorphine 5000 is combined with naloxone. Both active ingredients are dissolved in sterile water, maintaining sodium chloride ranging from 0% to 3%..
  • the buprenorphine concentration varies between 0.01% and 0.4% (0.1mg/ml to 4mg/ml), and naloxone between 0.025% and 0.2% (0.25mg/ml to 2mg/ml).
  • the pH is similarly adjusted to fall between 3.5 and 7.8.
  • this solution may combine buprenorphine and naloxone with a cytochrome P4503A inhibitor. The inclusion of the inhibitor is intended to enhance the pharmacological effectiveness of buprenorphine.
  • compositions including a cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor improve over the prior art by extending the half-life of buprenorphine, particularly in its hydrochloride form, where the half-life is notably shortened. This reduction in half-life can impede the effectiveness of buprenorphine in achieving the desired goals of decreasing tolerance at the cellular level, which is crucial for chronic pain relief and managing opioid dependence.
  • the composition includes the addition of a Cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor, such as a specified amount of citalopram. The incorporation of this inhibitor is a deliberate strategy to prolong the half-life of buprenorphine. By doing so, the composition effectively reinstates the original objective of diminishing opioid receptor activity and reducing tolerance.
  • the composition undergoes rigorous quality control testing to confirm the accuracy of active ingredient concentrations, appropriate pH levels, and overall stability.
  • the pharmaceutical composition meets all specified criteria, it is carefully filled into specially designed capsules. These capsules are tailored for compatibility with vibrating mesh nebulizers and are fabricated from materials that are inert to the composition. Ensuring the integrity of the composition, the capsules are hermetically sealed, safeguarding against environmental factors such as moisture, light, and air, which could otherwise compromise the active ingredients.
  • the storage of these capsules is managed under controlled conditions, typically at temperatures conducive to maintaining the stability of the pharmaceutical composition. This aspect of the invention is crucial for preserving the therapeutic efficacy of the composition until the point of administration.
  • the medical situation of the respective patient, or multiple patients may involve removing the removable cap from the receiving section of the device.
  • the initial act of removing the cap serves a dual purpose: it not only prepares the device for the impending atomization process but also establishes an open interface for the subsequent attachment of the air bladder. This opening is essential for facilitating the fluid communication requisite for effective atomization.
  • the resilient air bladder is attached to the receiving section of the device. Upon the attachment of the resilient air bladder, a seamless fluidic pathway is established between the bladder and the chamber of the device. This air bladder is designed to be in fluid communication with the chamber via the opening, facilitating an enhanced mechanism for conveying the atomized pharmaceutical composition to the patient.
  • the second reservoir Adjacent to this is the second reservoir, which is distinctively formulated to include a diluent, chosen from options such as sterile water, normal saline, and sodium chloride, and may also contain a buffer selected from a group including histidine, succinate, phosphate, citrate, acetate, sodium bicarbonate, maleate, and tartrate buffers. The presence of these buffers aids in maintaining the desired pH level, crucial for the stability and effectiveness of the yohimbine once it is in solution.
  • the method includes the critical step of moving the yohimbine from the first reservoir to the second reservoir to combine the yohimbine with the diluent to formulate the pharmaceutical composition.
  • this transfer is facilitated by rupturing a membrane that separates these two compartments, thereby allowing fluid communication between them.
  • the membrane's rupture triggered at the time of administration, ensures that yohimbine is mixed with the diluent and/or buffer only immediately prior to administration, thus effectively addressing the stability concerns.
  • the capsule system may be configured for administering light-sensitive pharmaceuticals. Accordingly, said capsule, and/or the respective reservoirs or chambers, may be darkly tinted or non-transparent. This is crucial for protecting active ingredients, like yohimbine, from light-induced degradation. The dark tint or non- transparency effectively blocks harmful light, particularly UV and visible light, maintaining the integrity and efficacy of the medication.
  • This design ensures that the mixing of yohimbine with the diluent and/or buffer is a controlled and deliberate process, occurring only when the pharmaceutical composition is intended to be administered.
  • the active ingredient is then mixed with the diluent and/or buffer within the capsule chamber, which is typically the second chamber/reservoir.
  • This chamber contains the diluent and/or buffer, while the active ingredient, like yohimbine, is initially segregated in a separate reservoir.
  • the mixing process is activated by a user or an automated mechanism, leading to the rupture of a membrane barrier that separates the active ingredient from the diluent and buffer.
  • This rupture facilitated by a built-in rupturing element, enables the active ingredient in its powdered or solid form to merge with the diluent, such as sterile water, normal saline, or sodium chloride.
  • the buffer — which could be histidine, succinate, phosphate, citrate, acetate, sodium bicarbonate, maleate, or tartrate – assists in maintaining an optimal pH level, crucial for the stability and efficacy of the resultant solution.
  • a homogeneous pharmaceutical composition is formed within the capsule chamber. This composition is then ready for the final stage of atomized administration.
  • This method involves injecting the yohimbine hydrochloride solution, with a concentration ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 mg per kg of the patient’s body weight, directly into the muscle tissue. Intramuscular injection offers a relatively quick onset of action, as the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream through the muscle fibers. This route is particularly useful in emergency scenarios where swift response is crucial and when intravenous access is not readily available.
  • the composition uses normal saline as the diluent, the pharmaceutical composition is configured for intravenous administration. This method involves delivering the yohimbine hydrochloride solution directly into the bloodstream through a vein.
  • Intravenous administration ensures rapid distribution of the medication throughout the body, offering immediate therapeutic effects, which is essential in acute care situations like opioid overdose.
  • the composition is prepared for atomized aerosol delivery as described above.
  • Each of these administration methods offers distinct benefits.
  • Intramuscular and intravenous injections provide rapid drug delivery in emergency situations, while atomized aerosol delivery offers a non-invasive alternative with direct respiratory system delivery.
  • the flexibility in the choice of diluent and the inclusion of suitable buffers ensure that the pharmaceutical composition remains stable and effective, regardless of the chosen method of administration. This adaptability underscores the composition’s versatility in addressing the varied needs of patients suffering from opioid overdose or dependency.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Critical Care (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (100) pour administrer au moins un médicament à un patient. Le système comprend une chambre à air élastique (102) en communication fluidique avec une chambre tubulaire (104) d'une unité de base (106), une capsule (108) en communication fluidique avec la chambre tubulaire configurée pour transporter au moins un médicament, et un atomiseur (110) disposé au moins à proximité de la capsule et en communication fluidique avec la chambre tubulaire. Une entrée d'air (112) et une première soupape unidirectionnelle (114) sont en communication fluidique avec la chambre à air élastique configurée pour permettre à l'air frais de pénétrer dans la chambre à air élastique. Une sortie d'air (116) et une seconde soupape unidirectionnelle (118) sont en communication fluidique avec la chambre à air élastique et la chambre tubulaire. De l'air frais et le médicament atomisé par l'atomiseur se mélangent à l'intérieur de la chambre tubulaire.
PCT/US2024/033131 2023-06-08 2024-06-07 Appareil, procédés et systèmes pour administration atomisée d'une composition à un patient Pending WO2024254545A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2024285813A AU2024285813A1 (en) 2023-06-08 2024-06-07 Apparatus, methods, and systems for atomized delivery of a composition to a patient
PCT/US2024/038055 WO2025019429A2 (fr) 2023-07-20 2024-07-15 Appareil, procédés et systèmes pour l'administration de substances pharmaceutiques, thérapeutiques et cosmétiques à des utilisateurs

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18/207,242 2023-06-08
US18/207,242 US11850356B1 (en) 2023-06-08 2023-06-08 Apparatus, methods, and systems for administering a medication to a patient from a capsule using an atomizer
US18/224,502 2023-07-20
US18/224,502 US11844900B1 (en) 2023-06-08 2023-07-20 Apparatus, methods, and systems for administering a medication to a patient from a capsule using an atomizer
US18/449,838 US11925748B1 (en) 2023-06-08 2023-08-15 Apparatus, methods, and systems for administering a medication to a patient from a capsule using an atomizer
US18/449,838 2023-08-15
US18/373,142 US11944742B1 (en) 2023-06-08 2023-09-26 Apparatus, methods, and systems for administering a medication to an animal
US18/373,142 2023-09-26
US18/529,978 2023-12-05
US18/529,978 US12194037B2 (en) 2023-01-06 2023-12-05 Apparatus, methods, and systems for providing pharmaceutical compositions and administering medications to patients
US18/654,471 2024-05-03
US18/654,471 US12156966B2 (en) 2023-01-06 2024-05-03 Methods and systems for delivering formulations to users using modular device having removable cartridge

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WO2024254545A9 true WO2024254545A9 (fr) 2025-08-14

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CN120513920B (zh) * 2025-07-23 2025-09-23 吉林农业大学 一种具有可调喷杆与多角度喷头的果树喷药无人机

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DE4409076C1 (de) * 1994-03-17 1995-05-04 Petra Schleufe Vorrichtung zur Beatmung von Patienten
CA2434989A1 (fr) * 2002-07-12 2004-01-12 Stephen Flynn Reanimateurs manuels
GB2442267A (en) * 2006-04-10 2008-04-02 Ventaneb Ltd Resuscitation apparatus with push-fit connections
IT1395444B1 (it) * 2009-03-06 2012-09-21 Scarano Dispositivo per la nebulizzazione di sostanze in un circuito di ventilazione
US8967141B2 (en) * 2011-09-14 2015-03-03 Brian Anthony Lemper Inhalation systems, breathing apparatuses, and methods
CA2932159C (fr) * 2013-12-11 2021-01-05 John Francis FRASER Appareil et procede de medicament
US20160271357A1 (en) * 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 Care 2 Innovations, Inc. Nebulizer Apparatus
AU2017260444B2 (en) * 2016-05-03 2019-05-09 Pneuma Respiratory, Inc. Droplet delivery device for delivery of fluids to the pulmonary system and methods of use
US10994081B2 (en) * 2016-12-05 2021-05-04 Microbase Technology Corp. Aerosol generating apparatus with replaceable parts
CN215608554U (zh) * 2021-04-20 2022-01-25 河南省儿童医院郑州儿童医院 一种儿童呼吸内科用喷药输氧呼吸面罩

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