WO2024254622A1 - Système intégré de surveillance de mine - Google Patents

Système intégré de surveillance de mine Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024254622A1
WO2024254622A1 PCT/ZA2024/050022 ZA2024050022W WO2024254622A1 WO 2024254622 A1 WO2024254622 A1 WO 2024254622A1 ZA 2024050022 W ZA2024050022 W ZA 2024050022W WO 2024254622 A1 WO2024254622 A1 WO 2024254622A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
excavation
sensor
profile
receptor module
sensors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ZA2024/050022
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Brendan CROMPTON
Greig KNOX
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innovative Mining Products Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Innovative Mining Products Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Innovative Mining Products Pty Ltd filed Critical Innovative Mining Products Pty Ltd
Priority to CN202480047332.7A priority Critical patent/CN121773254A/zh
Priority to AU2024284175A priority patent/AU2024284175A1/en
Priority to FI20253863A priority patent/FI20253863A1/en
Publication of WO2024254622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024254622A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to an integrated system for monitoring multiple parameters, assessing underground mine stability, assigning a risk of excavation failure and warning persons in the underground mine environment if the risk of failure exceeds a predefined limit so that pre-emptive measures may be taken.
  • WUSNs Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
  • WUSNs have been developed to detect potential excavation failures early, helping to prevent accidents and avoid production losses.
  • WUSNs include underground wireless sensors to collect and transmit data to a central computer for analysis. This data can be used to develop models to predict the probability of excavation failure, allowing miners to take preventative measures to protect themselves and their equipment.
  • sensors for this purpose include accelerometers, displacement sensors, strain gauges, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and laser or optical sensors. Each type is designed to detect specific parameters that indicate changes representative of excavation stability.
  • a typical protocol is a) notification of the change in stability would be sent to the mine's control centre, which would trigger the mine's emergency response plan, b) the miners in the affected area would be notified of the seismic event and would evacuate the mine through designated escape routes, c) the mine's safety team would assess the situation to determine the cause and the severity of the seismic event, and d) based on the severity of the seismic event, the mine's safety team would determine the appropriate safety protocols to be followed. This could include halting mining operations in the affected area or even the entire mine until the situation is controlled.
  • This typical protocol can lead to productivity loss, mainly when mining is halted in areas where the seismic event has not caused any rock movement of concern.
  • WUSNs are designed to monitor a particular parameter that will change upon a seismic event.
  • the problem is that they cannot correlate the seismic event and the resultant parameter change with configurational changes to the rock mass, resulting in the risk of excavation failure.
  • excavation failure refers to the collapse or significant structural compromise of underground openings, such as tunnels, shafts, or stopes.
  • Excavation failure can lead to groundfalls, rock bursts, or subsidence, posing serious safety risks to mine workers and disrupting mining operations.
  • a further problem with WUSNs is signal attenuation caused by the soil and rock layers that the signals must pass through to reach the surface. This can result in a weak signal and poor coverage, making it difficult for WUSNs to provide comprehensive monitoring.
  • the sensors used in WUSNs may require frequent battery replacements, which can be costly and time-consuming.
  • interference from other wireless devices can affect the data quality, making it less accurate.
  • the present invention at least partially solves the aforementioned problems.
  • references to movement encompass both measurements of displacement or deformation.
  • an excavation profile refers to the geometric cross- sectional shape of a tunnel, drift, stope, or any other underground opening.
  • excavation failure in the context of an excavation profile, refers to collapse or structural compromise to the extent that the excavation profile is no longer suited to the application for which it was initially designed.
  • the invention provides a system for monitoring the movement of an excavation profile within an underground mine and for warning of excavation failure, which system includes: at least one sensor configured to measure at least one physical parameter associated with the excavation profile and to transmit corresponding real-time data on the measurements, a processor which is configured to calculate the probability of excavation failure of the excavation profile using the real-time data and a dataset containing a record of excavation profile movement recorded at intervals leading up to excavation failure, along with measurements of the at least one physical parameter corresponding to excavation profile movement, and transmit a signal if the calculated probability exceeds a preset value, and at least one receptor module configured to initiate a response on receipt of the signal.
  • the at least one receptor module may be a localised receptor module or an unlocalised receptor module.
  • the processor may be a remote terminal unit in a distributed control system or a central controller in a centralised control system.
  • the unlocalised receptor module may receive the signal over a cellular network, a radio network, or the internet.
  • the unlocalised receptor module may be a number-specific general receptor module.
  • the unlocalised receptor module may be a number-specific smartphone, a tablet, or, more specifically, a System-on-a-Chip (SoC) processor of that cell phone or tablet or any other device incorporated into mine equipment or personal devices.
  • SoC System-on-a-Chip
  • the response may be the emission of a visual or auditory warning or a screen display on the smartphone, tablet, or device.
  • the unlocalised receptor module may be a fixed device, such as a visual or audible alarm.
  • the localised receptor module may be an Engine Control Unit (ECU) of a vehicle.
  • the vehicle may be an underground transport or drilling vehicle.
  • the response may involve switching off or restricting the operation of the vehicle's engine, using geofencing to activate these measures when the ECU comes into range for LAN communication.
  • the localised receptor module may be a visible or auditory alarm module.
  • the response may be a visible or auditory alarm.
  • the system may include at least one router located within the mine, in communication with the processor, proximate to the at least one sensor.
  • the router may be connected to the processor (via a network cable).
  • the router may be connected to the at least one sensor and to the localised receptor module in a local area network (LAN).
  • LAN local area network
  • the at least one sensor and localised receptor module may be wirelessly connected to the router.
  • the at least one sensor may be a strain gauge, load cell, pressure sensor, piezoelectric sensor, strain transducer, acoustic emission sensor, extensometer, linear variable differential transducer, fibre optic sensor, strain rosette, potentiometer, capacitive displacement sensor, accelerometer, ultrasonic displacement sensor, light detection, a ranging sensor (LiDAR), or a visual sensor such as cameras.
  • a strain gauge load cell
  • pressure sensor piezoelectric sensor
  • strain transducer acoustic emission sensor
  • extensometer linear variable differential transducer
  • fibre optic sensor strain rosette
  • potentiometer capacitive displacement sensor
  • accelerometer accelerometer
  • ultrasonic displacement sensor ultrasonic displacement sensor
  • light detection a ranging sensor (LiDAR)
  • LiDAR ranging sensor
  • the system may include a plurality of sensors configured to measure at least one physical parameter associated with the excavation profile.
  • the plurality of sensors may include various sensor types designed to measure multiple physical parameters associated with the excavation profile, integrating realtime data from one sensor type onto another and transmitting the corresponding integrated real-time data.
  • the plurality of sensors may include sensors that measure stress, strain, and movement.
  • the plurality of sensors may include at least one LiDAR.
  • the at least one LiDAR may be associated with an underground transport or drilling vehicle.
  • Each sensor that measures stress or strain may be associated with or integrated into a rock support device which supports the excavation profile.
  • the invention extends to a method for predicting the probability of excavation failure of an excavation profile within an underground mine, which method includes the following steps:
  • the program may include an artificial intelligence algorithm.
  • the method may include the additional step, after step (d), of responding to the signal by emitting a visual or auditory warning in an area of the mine proximate to the excavation profile.
  • the method may include the additional step, after step (d), of responding to the signal by switching off or restricting the operation of the vehicle's engine in an area of the mine proximate to the excavation profile.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a system for monitoring the movement of an excavation profile within an underground mine and for warning of excavation failure, which accords with the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the system of Figure 1 , with a focus on the system's modules,
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of the system of Figure 1 .
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional representation of a tunnel, through line 4-4 in Figure 1 .
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal section through the tunnel of Figure 4.
  • FIGs 1 and 2 illustrate a system 10 for monitoring the movement of an excavation profile within an underground mine and for warning of excavation failure, in accordance with the invention.
  • the system monitors multiple parameters to assess underground mine stability, assigns a risk of excavation failure and communicates a warning to persons and assets in the underground mine environment if the risk of failure exceeds a predefined limit. This enables pre-emptive action to protect life and property.
  • System 10 includes a server 12, which includes a processing means 14 (see Figure 3), a plurality of sensors 20 in communication with the server, and one or more receptor modules (18.1 , 18.2, 18.3 and 18.4).
  • the sensors associated with a particular excavation profile 16 may be the same or they may vary in type or the physical properties they measure. In the example of Figure 3, the sensors vary in type, including sensors that measure stress 20.2, strain 20.2, and movement 20.3.
  • the sensors (20.1 , 20.2, 20.3) are all of the same type. These sensors are elongation or strain sensors which are built into a rock support device such as a rock bolt 24. It is also contemplated, within the scope of the invention, that the sensor can be a stand-alone device such as an extensometer.
  • the system is deployed in an underground mine. As shown in Figure 1 , an underground mine is typically built around a vertical shaft 26, with a number of horizontal tunnels, denoted as 22.1 , 22.2, 22.3, and 22.4, respectively, extending from the shaft.
  • an excavation profile 16 is a geometric cross-sectional representation of a segment within a horizontally segmented tunnel 22.
  • the type of receptor module may vary widely and, in this example, includes both localised units and unlocalised units.
  • the localised units include an Engine Control Unit (ECU) 18.1 as part of an underground transport or drilling vehicle 30, an auditory alarm 18.2, and a visible alarm 18.3.
  • ECU Engine Control Unit
  • These receptor modules are localised in that they only receive warning signals from server 12 if they are situated near a potential excavation failure.
  • the unlocalised units like a cell phone 18.4, will receive warning signals regardless of location.
  • Server 12 includes the processing means 14, related system-specific software running on the processing means, and a database 32 in communication with the processing means.
  • the processing means includes at least one processing unit 34 (CPU) in communication via a respective bus, with a mass memory 36 and a storage drive 38 on which the database 32 is stored.
  • the mass memory 36 includes ROM (containing firmware) and RAM components, data storage, an operating system, and software, which includes system-specific software.
  • the server includes at least one network interface 40.
  • the server includes two network interfaces, 40.1 and 40.2.
  • Each network interface can be a transceiver, or network interface card (NIC).
  • the transceiver can be adapted for use with any suitable communication protocol, such as GSM, TCP/IP, SMS, GPRS, WAP, UWB, IEEE 802.16, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, for communication of the processing means 28 with the sensors 20 and the receptor modules 18.
  • the server also includes a monitor 42 which allows a server operator to engage with the system visually.
  • Each sensor 20 includes a microcontroller 44 or System on Chip (SOC).
  • SOC System on Chip
  • the microcontroller is adapted to enable the identification, location, and calibration of the associated sensor when addressed by the processing means 14.
  • the sensor's location is determined by mapping the mine with reference points and associating these points with a specific sensor, each with a unique identifier.
  • the microcontroller allows the sensor to perform its detection and measurement functions, such as measuring the physical parameter, such as strain, from the excavation profile 16. It also transmits a stream of data packets to the processing unit, detailing the measurements of this parameter, which correspond to the movement of the excavation profile.
  • Each sensor is configured to transmit real-time data on the measurements when there has been a change in the parameter.
  • the microcontroller 44 of each sensor can be programmed with a preset value of the specific parameter that the sensor is adapted to measure. In this instance, the sensor will only transmit data when the change exceeds the pre-set value, ensuring that only significant changes in the parameter trigger data transmission, thereby minimising false alarms and irrelevant data.
  • the database 32 includes a dataset, which contains a record of the movement of a sample excavation profile at intervals up to the point of its failure.
  • the dataset also includes correlated records of measurements of a physical parameter, such as stress or strain.
  • the sample excavation profile shares the same physical and geological properties as the excavation profiles being monitored by the sensors in real-time.
  • the processing means is configured to calculate the probability of excavation failure of the excavation profile using the real-time data and the dataset. If the calculated probability exceeds a preset value, the processing means will cause transmission of a localised signal or an unlocalised signal.
  • the unlocalised signal can be transmitted by the transceiver or NIC (40.1 or 40.2), over a cellular network 48, the internet 50 (or a combination) to the cell phone 18.4.
  • the cellphone will be, most likely, in the possession of a senior personnel of the mine operation who is authorised to take managerial remedial action upon receiving the warning.
  • the warning may be delivered as a message or as a visual alert, which can be interacted with through an appropriate App downloaded on the cell phone.
  • System 10, depicted in Figure 1 includes four routers, respectively designated 52.1 , 52.2, 52.3, and 52.4. Each router is situated within its corresponding tunnel (22.1 , 22.2, 22.3, and 22.4) and is in close proximity to a set (54) of sensors.
  • each router 52 is linked to the server 12 via a network cable 56. Serving as the hub of a Local Area Network (LAN), each router wirelessly connects to the microprocessor 44 of every sensor in the set, typically via Wi-Fi or a similar protocol. Additionally, within the range of each router, fixed receptor modules are positioned near the respective router. These modules, such as auditory or visible alarms (18.2, 18.3), are connected within the LAN. Moreover, mobile entities equipped with Wi-Fi connectivity, such as a vehicle's ECU 18.1 , can also establish communication to a LAN when they come within the Wi-Fi range of the respective router.
  • Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
  • the localised signal can then be sent via the network cable to the appropriate router in the LAN that includes the sensor or sensors 20, providing real-time data, indicating that the probability of excavation failure exceeds the preset threshold. In this way, only the localised receptor modules included in that LAN will be activated.
  • sensors 20.1 , 20.2 and 20.3 in tunnel 22.1 detect and measure strain from the associated excavation profile 16 (as shown in Figure 4) due to the wall of the tunnel closing (illustrated in dotted outline) and transmit the corresponding real-time data to the server 12.
  • the processing means 14 will calculate the probability of failure of the excavation profile, which, in this example, is high, exceeding a preset threshold.
  • the response action is directed to the receptor modules in the vicinity i.e. within the relevant LAN, and no others.
  • These receptor modules can be, as mentioned, a visible 18.2 and/or an auditory 18.3 alarm module placed optimally to alert mine workers near the risk, encouraging them to move away from the area.
  • the vehicle’s ECU 18.1 will initiate a responsive action by turning off the vehicle’s engine or by, at least, restricting its operation, thereby preventing the vehicle from moving towards the risk.
  • a movement sensor such as a LiDAR sensor.
  • the data collected by the LiDAR sensor can be used to map the tunnel's topography. When fed into the processing system, this data can be used to determine the probability of failure accurately.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système permettant de surveiller le déplacement d'un profil d'excavation à l'intérieur d'une mine souterraine et d'avertir d'une défaillance d'excavation. Le système comprend une pluralité de capteurs configurés pour mesurer au moins un paramètre physique associé au profil d'excavation et pour transmettre des données en temps réel correspondantes sur les mesures. Le système comprend un processeur qui est configuré pour calculer la probabilité de défaillance d'excavation du profil d'excavation à l'aide de données en temps réel et d'un ensemble de données historique et pour transmettre un signal si la probabilité calculée dépasse une valeur prédéfinie. Le système comprend en outre au moins un module récepteur qui est configuré pour émettre une réponse lors de la réception du signal.
PCT/ZA2024/050022 2023-06-05 2024-05-27 Système intégré de surveillance de mine Ceased WO2024254622A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202480047332.7A CN121773254A (zh) 2023-06-05 2024-05-27 集成矿井监测系统
AU2024284175A AU2024284175A1 (en) 2023-06-05 2024-05-27 An integrated mine monitoring system
FI20253863A FI20253863A1 (en) 2023-06-05 2024-05-27 AN INTEGRATED MINE MONITORING SYSTEM

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA202305921 2023-06-05
ZA2023/05921 2023-06-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024254622A1 true WO2024254622A1 (fr) 2024-12-12

Family

ID=91853472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ZA2024/050022 Ceased WO2024254622A1 (fr) 2023-06-05 2024-05-27 Système intégré de surveillance de mine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
CN (1) CN121773254A (fr)
AU (1) AU2024284175A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI20253863A1 (fr)
SE (1) SE2515432A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024254622A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110309931A1 (en) * 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Rose Mark D Low-power wirelessly-linked rfid tracking system
AU2021278329A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2023-02-02 Aalto University Foundation sr Method, system, and computer program product for a real-time estimation of risk in an excavation
CN115880862A (zh) * 2022-11-25 2023-03-31 贵州大学 一种基于5g和大数据的矿道坍塌实时预警方法和系统

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110309931A1 (en) * 2010-06-21 2011-12-22 Rose Mark D Low-power wirelessly-linked rfid tracking system
AU2021278329A1 (en) * 2020-05-26 2023-02-02 Aalto University Foundation sr Method, system, and computer program product for a real-time estimation of risk in an excavation
CN115880862A (zh) * 2022-11-25 2023-03-31 贵州大学 一种基于5g和大数据的矿道坍塌实时预警方法和系统

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HE LONGXUE ET AL: "Estimation of failure probability in braced excavation using Bayesian networks with integrated model updating", UNDERGROUND SPACE, vol. 5, no. 4, 1 December 2020 (2020-12-01), pages 315 - 323, XP093207812, ISSN: 2467-9674, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/314033/1-s2.0-S2467967420X00055/1-s2.0-S2467967419300418/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEIT//////////wEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIB6fs1idNELZMOEoiMQOd58VE+c4KNmEs8UJXwIIKe4kAiEA39xL/WjIRqLTJzyPj/CCe1yLjuf4RddW4MVEboStSrcquwUIvf//////////ARAFGgwwNTkwMDM1N> [retrieved on 20240923], DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2019.07.001 *
ONIFADE MOSHOOD ET AL: "Safe mining operations through technological advancement", PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, RUGBY, GB, vol. 175, 18 May 2023 (2023-05-18), pages 251 - 258, XP087339110, ISSN: 0957-5820, [retrieved on 20230518], DOI: 10.1016/J.PSEP.2023.05.052 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2024284175A1 (en) 2026-01-08
SE2515432A1 (en) 2025-12-10
CN121773254A (zh) 2026-03-31
FI20253863A1 (en) 2025-12-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR102505765B1 (ko) 건설현장 근로자 안전을 위한 IoT 기반 웨어러블 안전가시화 시스템
US20140159915A1 (en) Apparatus and method for comprehensively monitoring slopes based on wireless network
RU2630334C2 (ru) Система динамического контроля отделения кровли выработки на основе волоконных решеток и способ предварительного оповещения
KR102026643B1 (ko) Ict기반 실시간 광산 내 변위 모니터링 시스템
GB2564040A (en) Safety management system for worker at tunnel construction site
CN103996269A (zh) 无线数据采集控制系统
CN111382195B (zh) 一种基坑安全监测数据分析方法及系统
KR102290182B1 (ko) 광산 갱내 붕락 감지를 위한 센싱 데이터 통합계측관리 시스템
RU2584756C1 (ru) Система мониторинга объектов железнодорожной инфраструктуры
KR102290181B1 (ko) 광산 갱내 붕락 감지를 위한 미소진동 모니터링 시스템
CN111307110A (zh) 一种基坑施工中人员定位系统及风险评估方法
KR101353387B1 (ko) 변위센서를 이용한 통신 구조물 안전상태 감시 시스템
IL303092A (en) Perimeter vibration detection system and method
CN116006266A (zh) 煤矿冲击地压的监测装置和方法
WO2012017410A2 (fr) Système et procédé de surveillance de tensions ou contraintes
CN109767142A (zh) 一种智能潜盾隧道施工管理方法
CN108597166A (zh) 一种采石场安全监控系统和方法
KR101584243B1 (ko) 빌딩의 연쇄구조붕괴 징후 기반의 위험등급 분류방법
KR101621836B1 (ko) 탄화수소 검출 단말기를 이용한 가스누출 검출 및 보수시스템
AU2024284175A1 (en) An integrated mine monitoring system
KR20170128697A (ko) Usn-기반 초음파 센서 및 레이저 센서를 이용한 거리변위 계측 시스템
KR20160114375A (ko) 실시간 낙석 피해 경고／관리 시스템 및 그 방법
CN120146571A (zh) 一种矿山岩土工程监测评价应急反馈系统及方法
CN203849835U (zh) 无线数据采集控制系统
CN210603689U (zh) 一种地连墙应力实时监测预警系统

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24739995

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: AU2024284175

Country of ref document: AU

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 20253863

Country of ref document: FI

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 20253863

Country of ref document: FI

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2024284175

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20240527

Kind code of ref document: A