WO2024254961A1 - 无焰热气溶胶灭火剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
无焰热气溶胶灭火剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of fire fighting and extinguishing, and in particular relates to a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
- Thermal aerosol fire extinguishing technology has been maturely used in the fire protection field and has realized its value in a variety of fire extinguishing products.
- Existing thermal aerosol fire extinguishing devices are mainly composed of aerosol fire extinguishing agents and coolants. It is difficult to extinguish the flame and cool down the device during use. Some products still have flames, which is not conducive to the use of thermal aerosol fire extinguishing technology in flame-sensitive scenes.
- the existing technology mainly uses the method of adding external coolants to reduce the intensity of the flames, but it cannot fundamentally solve the problem of flame ejection.
- the volume of the existing device is also larger due to the large amount of coolant added, which also puts higher requirements on its installation, maintenance and use.
- the present invention provides a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
- the fire extinguishing agent can realize the combustion of the agent without generating flames, completely avoid the use of coolants, help to reduce the structure and volume of the fire extinguishing device, reduce the cost of the device, and also promote the application of the device in flame-sensitive scenes.
- the technical solution of the present invention is a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% oxidant, 5-30% reductant, 5-20% adhesive and 0.5-5% additive; wherein the additive is one or more of phenolic resin, potassium oxalate, potassium hydrogen phthalate and potassium tartrate.
- the oxidant is one or more of potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate, sodium nitrate or magnesium nitrate.
- the reducing agent is one or more of starch, wood powder, charcoal, cellulose, urea, nitroguanidine, melamine, dicyandiamide and 5-aminotetrazole.
- the binder is one or more of kaolin, clay, bentonite and diatomaceous earth.
- the additive is phenolic resin, and the added amount is 0.5-2%.
- the present invention also relates to a method for preparing the flameless thermal aerosol fire extinguishing agent, comprising the following steps:
- the sieve in S1 is a 100-120 mesh sieve.
- the amount of ethanol solution added to S2 is 15-30% of the total mass of the mixture; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution is 40-60%.
- sieve granulation is adopted during granulation in S3, and the sieve aperture is 14-20 mesh.
- drying temperature is 40-60°C.
- the adhesive added in the present invention plays the role of bonding each component, and also has the effect of cooling and stable combustion; but after the adhesive is added, in the combustion process of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent, it is easy to gather, which will cause the flameless effect to be achieved due to the excessively high local temperature when the agent burns, and will also form a hard layer that hinders the ejection of the fire extinguishing medium, affecting the performance of the fire extinguishing effect of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the inventor has found that using phenolic resin, potassium oxalate, potassium hydrogen phthalate and/or potassium tartrate as additives, a small amount of which is added to the fire extinguishing agent, helps to accelerate the combustion reaction, so that the adhesive component is not easy to gather quickly, so that the internal temperature distribution is more uniform when the agent burns, and the flameless effect of combustion is achieved, and the uniform release of the fire extinguishing medium is also guaranteed.
- phenolic resin although it can be used as a refractory material, when it exists with a large amount of oxidants, it can burn, and the combustion is an exothermic reaction, which is conducive to raising the reaction temperature of the agent, so that the burning rate of the agent is accelerated.
- the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents reported so far mainly use resin, shellac, cellulose derivatives and other combustible polymer compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen as adhesives, which are easy to produce combustible gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen when burned.
- combustible gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen when burned.
- the present invention uses non-combustible substances as adhesives, which not only reduces the amount of adhesives that can produce combustible gases, but also hinders the combustible gases produced by combustion during the escape process, preventing the flames from emitting, thereby achieving a flameless combustion effect.
- a small amount of phenolic resin can ensure the flameless combustion effect of the agent and the uniform release of the fire extinguishing medium.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of the combustion process of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent in Comparative Example 2 after combustion.
- the invention discloses a preparation method of a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the method comprises the following steps: preliminarily mixing 60% potassium nitrate, 29% starch, 10% kaolin and 1% phenolic resin through a 100-mesh sieve according to mass percentage; further stirring and mixing the mixture, adding a 15% ethanol solution (the mass fraction of ethanol is 40%) thereto, stirring the mixture sufficiently to make the mixture uniform; finally, granulating the mixture through a 20-mesh sieve, and drying the mixture at 50°C to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the invention discloses a preparation method of a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the method comprises the following steps: preliminarily mixing 65% strontium nitrate, 18% melamine, 15% clay and 2% potassium hydrogen phthalate through a 100-mesh sieve according to mass percentage; further stirring and mixing the mixture, adding a 20% ethanol solution (the mass fraction of ethanol is 40%) thereto, stirring the mixture sufficiently to make the mixture uniform; finally, granulating the mixture through a 20-mesh sieve, and drying the mixture at 50°C to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the invention discloses a preparation method of a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- 55% magnesium nitrate, 25% 5-aminotetrazole, 17% bentonite and 3% potassium tartrate are preliminarily mixed through a 100-mesh sieve, the mixture is further stirred and mixed, a 20% ethanol solution (the mass fraction of ethanol is 50%) is added thereto, the mixture is fully stirred to be uniformly mixed, and finally the mixture is granulated through a 20-mesh sieve, and dried at 50°C to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the invention discloses a preparation method of a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the method comprises the following steps: preliminarily mixing 50% sodium nitrate, 30% dicyandiamide, 15% clay and 5% potassium oxalate through a 100-mesh sieve according to mass percentage; further stirring and mixing the mixture, adding a 30% ethanol solution (the mass fraction of ethanol is 50%) thereto, stirring the mixture sufficiently to make the mixture uniform; finally, granulating the mixture through a 20-mesh sieve, and drying the mixture at 50°C to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the invention discloses a preparation method of a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- 70% strontium nitrate, 5% charcoal, 20% kaolin and 5% phenolic resin are preliminarily mixed through a 100-mesh sieve, the mixture is further stirred and mixed, a 20% ethanol solution (the mass fraction of ethanol is 60%) is added thereto, the mixture is fully stirred to make the mixture uniform, and finally the mixture is granulated through a 20-mesh sieve, and dried at 50°C to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the invention discloses a preparation method of a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the method comprises the following steps: preliminarily mixing 50% sodium nitrate, 30% dicyandiamide, 15% bentonite and 5% phenolic resin through a 100-mesh sieve according to mass percentage; further stirring and mixing the mixture, adding a 20% ethanol solution (the mass fraction of ethanol is 60%) thereto, stirring the mixture sufficiently to make the mixture uniform; finally, granulating the mixture through a 20-mesh sieve, and drying the mixture at 50°C to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- Example 7-1 Based on Example 1, the only difference is that the starch is 25% and the phenolic resin is 5%.
- Example 7-2 Based on Example 1, the only difference is that the starch is 27% and the phenolic resin is 3%.
- Example 7-3 Based on Example 1, the only difference is that the phenolic resin is replaced by potassium hydrogen phthalate.
- the invention discloses a preparation method of a flameless hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- the method comprises the following steps: preliminarily mixing 30% sodium nitrate, 30% potassium nitrate, 10% charcoal, 15% urea, 5% clay, 8% kaolin and 2% phenolic resin through a 100-mesh sieve according to mass percentage; further stirring and mixing the mixture, adding a 20% ethanol solution (the mass fraction of ethanol is 60%) thereto, stirring the mixture sufficiently to make the mixture uniform; finally, granulating the mixture through a 20-mesh sieve, and drying the mixture at 50°C to obtain the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
- Example 1 Based on Example 1, the only difference is that the raw materials are 60% potassium nitrate, 29% starch, 10% epoxy resin, and 1% phenolic resin.
- Example 1 Based on Example 1, the only difference is that the raw materials are 60% potassium nitrate, 30% starch, and 10% kaolin, and no phenolic resin is added.
- Example 1 Based on Example 1, the only difference is that the raw materials are 60% potassium nitrate, 29.9% starch, 10% kaolin, and 0.1% phenolic resin.
- Example 1 Based on Example 1, the only difference is that the raw materials are 58% potassium nitrate, 28% starch, 8% kaolin, and 6% phenolic resin.
- the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were pressed into cylindrical charge columns with a diameter of 32 mm at a pressure of 5 MPa for combustion testing.
- the test results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the above table shows the combustion conditions of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agents prepared in various embodiments.
- the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent prepared by the present invention exhibits a combustion temperature below 400°C and no obvious flame phenomenon during combustion.
- FIG. 1 The photo of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent during combustion in Example 1 is shown in Figure 1, and Figure 2 is a photo of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent after combustion in Comparative Example 2.
- Figure 1 The photo of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent during combustion in Example 1 is shown in Figure 1, and Figure 2 is a photo of the hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent after combustion in Comparative Example 2.
- the aggregation phenomenon of the residue after adding additives in the present invention is significantly improved, which is conducive to the uniform release of the fire extinguishing medium and plays an important role in improving the fire extinguishing ability.
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂及其制备方法，包括按质量百分数计的以下成分：50-70％氧化剂、5-30％还原剂、5-20％粘合剂和添加剂0.5-5％；其中添加剂为酚醛树脂、草酸钾、邻苯二甲酸氢钾、酒石酸钾中的一种或多种。本发明中加入的粘合剂，起到粘结各组分的作用之外，还具有降温和稳定燃烧的效果；但粘结剂加入后，在热气溶胶灭火剂燃烧过程中，容易发生聚集，通过采用酚醛树脂、草酸钾、邻苯二甲酸氢钾、酒石酸钾中的一种或几种作为添加剂，少量加入到灭火剂中，使粘合剂成分不易快速聚集，从而使药剂燃烧时内部温度分布更加均匀，实现燃烧无焰的效果，同时也保证了灭火介质的均匀释放。
Description
本发明属于消防灭火技术领域，具体涉及一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂及其制备方法。
热气溶胶灭火技术已经被成熟用于消防领域，在多种灭火产品中实现了其价值。现有热气溶胶灭火装置主要由气溶胶灭火剂和冷却剂等构成，装置在使用过程中消焰降温难度大，部分产品仍然有火焰冒出，这不利于热气溶胶灭火技术在火焰敏感场景中的使用。
在热气溶胶灭火装置使用过程中产生火焰的问题上，现有技术主要采用外加冷却剂的方法减弱火焰的强度，但并不能从根本上解决火焰喷出的问题，除此之外，现有装置的体积也由于冷却剂的大量加入而更庞大，这也对其安装、维护和使用提出了更高的要求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂及其制备方法，该灭火剂其可以实现药剂燃烧无火焰产生，彻底避免冷却剂的使用，有助于减小灭火装置的结构和体积，降低装置成本，同时也促进了装置在火焰敏感场景中的应用。
本发明的技术方案是，一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂，包括按质量百分数计的以下成分：50-70％氧化剂、5-30％还原剂、5-20％粘合剂和添加剂0.5～5％；其中添加剂为酚醛树脂、草酸钾、邻苯二甲酸氢钾、酒石酸钾中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述氧化剂为硝酸钾、硝酸锶、硝酸钠或硝酸镁中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述还原剂为淀粉、木粉、木炭、纤维素、尿素、硝基胍、三聚氰胺、双氰胺和5-氨基四唑中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述粘合剂为高岭土、陶土、膨润土及硅藻土中的一种或多种。
进一步优选地，添加剂为酚醛树脂，加入量为0.5～2％。
本发明还涉及所述无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将氧化剂、还原剂、粘合剂和添加剂分别过筛后按比例混合；
S2、向上述混合物中加入乙醇溶液后混匀；
S3、将S2所得的物料进行造粒，干燥后即得无焰热气溶胶灭火剂。
进一步地，S1中的筛网为100-120目筛网。
进一步地，S2中乙醇溶液的加入量为混合物总质量的15-30％；乙醇溶液的质量浓度为40-60％。
进一步地，S3中造粒时采用筛网造粒，筛网孔径为14-20目。
进一步地，干燥温度为40-60℃。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明中加入的粘合剂，起到粘结各组分的作用之外，还具有降温和稳定燃烧的效果；但粘结剂加入后，在热气溶胶灭火剂燃烧过程中，容易发生聚集，会导致药剂燃烧时因局部温度过高而无法达到无焰效果，也会形成阻碍灭火介质喷出的硬质层，影响热气溶胶灭火剂灭火效果的发挥。发明人研究发现，采用酚醛树脂、草酸钾、邻苯二甲酸氢钾和/或酒石酸钾作为添加剂，少量加入到灭火剂中，有助于加快燃烧反应，使粘合剂成分不易快速聚集，从而使药剂燃烧时内部温度分布更加均匀，实现燃烧无焰的效果，同时也保证了灭火介质的均匀释放。尤其是酚醛树脂，其虽然可作为耐火材料，但与大量氧化剂同时存在时，其可燃烧，且该燃烧为放热反应，有利于升高药剂的反应温度，从而使药剂燃速加快。同时，其燃烧能产生二氧化碳等气体，气体在快速逸出过程中能形成气体通道阻止粘合剂成分聚集。草酸钾、邻苯二甲酸氢钾和/或酒石酸钾适量添加可以起到与酚醛树脂类似的作用。
目前已报道的热气溶胶灭火剂主要以树脂、虫胶、纤维素衍生物等含有碳、氢、氧元素的可燃性高分子化合物为粘合剂，其燃烧易产生一氧化碳、氢气等可燃气体，大量的可燃气体燃烧时就会形成火焰层，表现为燃烧火焰。本发明以不可燃物质为粘合剂，不仅减少了能产生可燃气体的粘合剂的使用量，同时也使燃烧产生的可燃气体在逸出过程中受到了阻碍，阻挡了其火焰冒出，进而达到无焰燃烧效果。酚醛树脂在不可燃粘合剂存在的条件下，少量使用可以保证药剂的无焰燃烧效果和灭火介质的均匀释放。
图1为实施例1中热气溶胶灭火剂燃烧过程中的照片。
图2为对比例2中热气溶胶灭火剂燃烧后中的照片。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备，按质量百分数计，将60％硝酸钾、29％淀粉、10％高岭土和1％酚醛树脂过100目筛网进行初步混合，将上述混合物进一步搅拌混合后向其中加入15％的乙醇溶液(乙醇质量分数为40％)，充分搅拌使其混合均匀，最后将其通过20目筛网造粒，并在50℃条件下干燥即得到热气溶胶灭火剂。
实施例2
一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备，按质量百分数计，将65％硝酸锶、18％三聚氰胺、15％陶土和2％邻苯二甲酸氢钾过100目筛网进行初步混合，将上述混合物进一步搅拌混合后向其中加入20％的乙醇溶液(乙醇质量分数为40％)，充分搅拌使其混合均匀，最后将其通过20目筛网造粒，并在50℃条件下干燥即得到热气溶胶灭火剂。
实施例3
一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备，按质量百分数计，将55％硝酸镁、25％5-氨基四唑、17％膨润土和3％酒石酸钾过100目筛网进行初步混合，将上述混合物进一步搅拌混合后向其中加入20％的乙醇溶液(乙醇质量分数为50％)，充分搅拌使其混合均匀，最后将其通过20目筛网造粒，并在50℃条件下干燥即得到热气溶胶灭火剂。
实施例4
一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备，按质量百分数计，将50％硝酸钠、30％双氰胺、15％陶土和5％草酸钾过100目筛网进行初步混合，将上述混合物进一步搅拌混合后向其中加入30％的乙醇溶液(乙醇质量分数为50％)，充分搅拌使其混合均匀，最后将其通过20目筛网造粒，并在50℃条件下干燥即得到热气溶胶灭火剂。
实施例5
一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备，按质量百分数计，将70％硝酸锶、5％木炭、20％高岭土和5％酚醛树脂过100目筛网进行初步混合，将上述混合物进一步搅拌混合后向其中加入20％的乙醇溶液(乙醇质量分数为60％)，充分搅拌使其混合均匀，最后将其通过20目筛网造粒，并在50℃条件下干燥即得到热气溶胶灭火剂。
实施例6
一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备，按质量百分数计，将50％硝酸钠、30％双氰胺、15％膨润土和5％酚醛树脂过100目筛网进行初步混合，将上述混合物进一步搅拌混合后向其中加入20％的乙醇溶液(乙醇质量分数为60％)，充分搅拌使其混合均匀，最后将其通过20目筛网造粒，并在50℃条件下干燥即得到热气溶胶灭火剂。
实施例7
7-1：以实施例1为基础，区别仅在于淀粉为25％、酚醛树脂为5％。
7-2：以实施例1为基础，区别仅在于淀粉为27％、酚醛树脂为3％。
7-3：以实施例1为基础，区别仅在于酚醛树脂替换为邻苯二甲酸氢钾。
实施例8
一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备，按质量百分数计，将30％硝酸钠、30％的硝酸钾、10％的木炭、15％的尿素、5％陶土、8％高岭土和2％酚醛树脂过100目筛网进行初步混合，将上述混合物进一步搅拌混合后向其中加入20％的乙醇溶液(乙醇质量分数为60％)，充分搅拌使其混合均匀，最后将其通过20目筛网造粒，并在50℃条件下干燥即得到热气溶胶灭火剂。
对比例1
以实施例1为基础，区别仅在原料为60％硝酸钾、29％淀粉、10％环氧树脂，1％酚醛树脂。
对比例2
以实施例1为基础，区别仅在原料为60％硝酸钾、30％淀粉、10％高岭土，不加入酚醛树脂。
对比例3
以实施例1为基础，区别仅在原料为60％硝酸钾、29.9％淀粉、10％高岭土，0.1％酚醛树脂。
对比例4
以实施例1为基础，区别仅在原料为58％硝酸钾、28％淀粉、8％高岭土，6％酚醛树脂。
以上实施例和对比例所得热气溶胶灭火剂在5MPa压力下压制成直径32mm的圆柱体药柱进行燃烧测试，测试结果如下表1。
表1
上表为各个实施例所制备的热气溶胶灭火剂的燃烧情况，相比于现有热气溶胶灭火剂在燃烧时出现明显可见的燃烧火焰，且燃烧温度甚至达800℃以上，本发明所制备的热气溶胶灭火剂燃烧时表现为400℃以下的燃烧温度和无明显火焰现象。
实施例1中的热气溶胶灭火剂燃烧过程中的照片见图1，图2为对比例2中热气溶胶灭火剂燃烧后中的照片。相比于未加入添加剂的燃烧残渣，本发明加入添加剂后残渣的聚集成团现象明显改善，这有利于灭火介质的均匀释放，对灭火能力的提升起到了重要作用。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术思路和特点，所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等效变化或改进等，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种无焰热气溶胶灭火剂，其特征在于，包括按质量百分数计的以下成分：50-70％氧化剂、5-30％还原剂、5-20％粘合剂和添加剂0.5-5％；其中添加剂为酚醛树脂、草酸钾、邻苯二甲酸氢钾、酒石酸钾中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的无焰热气溶胶灭火剂，其特征在于：所述氧化剂为硝酸钾、硝酸锶、硝酸钠或硝酸镁中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的无焰热气溶胶灭火剂，其特征在于：所述还原剂为淀粉、木粉、木炭、纤维素、尿素、硝基胍、三聚氰胺、双氰胺和5-氨基四唑中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的无焰热气溶胶灭火剂，其特征在于：所述粘合剂为高岭土、陶土、膨润土中的一种或多种。
- 根据权利要求1所述的无焰热气溶胶灭火剂，其特征在于：添加剂为酚醛树脂，加入量为0.5～2％。
- 权利要求1～5任意一项所述无焰热气溶胶灭火剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：S1、将氧化剂、还原剂、粘合剂和添加剂分别过筛后按比例混合；S2、向上述混合物中加入乙醇溶液后混匀；S3、将S2所得的物料进行造粒，干燥后即得无焰热气溶胶灭火剂。
- 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于：S1中的筛网为100-120目筛网。
- 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于：S2中乙醇溶液的加入量为混合物总质量的15-30％；乙醇溶液的质量浓度为40-60％。
- 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于：S3中造粒时采用筛网造粒，筛网孔径为14-20目。
- 根据权利要求6～9任意一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：干燥温度为40-60℃。
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