WO2024255058A1 - 一种换电系统、换电系统控制方法、控制装置及存储介质 - Google Patents

一种换电系统、换电系统控制方法、控制装置及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024255058A1
WO2024255058A1 PCT/CN2023/126553 CN2023126553W WO2024255058A1 WO 2024255058 A1 WO2024255058 A1 WO 2024255058A1 CN 2023126553 W CN2023126553 W CN 2023126553W WO 2024255058 A1 WO2024255058 A1 WO 2024255058A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
power
batteries
power grid
target
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/126553
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴凯
产利兵
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP23941282.8A priority Critical patent/EP4729348A1/en
Publication of WO2024255058A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024255058A1/zh
Priority to US19/419,294 priority patent/US20260103108A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/67—Controlling two or more charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/40—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data
    • H02J7/44—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data between battery management systems and power sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/585—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
    • H02J7/82—Control of state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/933—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/50—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2105/52—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads for limitation of the power consumption in the networks or in one section of the networks, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of energy technology, and in particular, relates to a battery exchange system, a battery exchange system control method, a control device, and a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the current battery swap system generally configures a DC charging pile for each battery swap battery compartment, which will result in low system integration, high hardware cost and single function of the battery swap system, and cannot fully realize the value of the battery swap system in energy supply.
  • the present application provides a battery swap system, a battery swap system control method, a control device and a computer-readable storage medium, which can improve the system integration of the battery swap system and enable the battery swap system to maximize its value in energy supply at a lower hardware cost.
  • the present application provides a battery exchange system, which includes: a transformer, a power conversion system (PCS), a converging device, a control device, and a plurality of battery exchange compartments;
  • PCS power conversion system
  • converging device a converging device
  • control device a control device
  • plurality of battery exchange compartments a plurality of battery exchange compartments
  • multiple battery swap compartments are connected to the PCS through a confluence device; the PCS is connected to the power grid outside the battery swap system through a transformer; the control device is connected to the multiple battery swap compartments; the multiple battery swap compartments are used to store multiple power batteries;
  • the control device is used to control a first target power battery among the multiple power batteries to transmit electric energy to the power grid via the converging device and the energy storage converter.
  • the first target power battery is a power battery capable of supplying power to the power grid while ensuring its own performance.
  • the control device is also used to control a second target power battery among the multiple power batteries to obtain electric energy from the power grid via the merging device and the energy storage converter.
  • the present application provides a battery swap system control method, which is applied to the battery swap system as in the first aspect, and the battery swap system control method includes:
  • a first target power battery among the multiple power batteries is controlled to transmit electric energy to the power grid via the merging device and the energy storage converter.
  • the present application provides a control device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps of the method of the second aspect when executing the computer program.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method of the first aspect are implemented.
  • the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the system architecture of the battery swap system is optimized, the one-to-one DC charging pile in the existing battery swap system is adjusted to a one-to-many PCS, and a convergence device and a control device are set between the PCS and the battery swap battery compartment. Through the newly added PCS, the battery swap system has the ability to transmit electric energy in both directions, and the hardware cost is reduced.
  • control device can control the first target power battery among the multiple power batteries stored in the battery swap battery compartment to transmit electric energy to the power grid via the convergence device and PCS according to the needs of the actual application scenario, and control the second target power battery among the multiple power batteries stored in the battery swap battery compartment to obtain electric energy from the power grid via the convergence device and PCS, so that the battery swap system can realize the value of grid-connected peak shaving and valley filling in energy supply.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of a power exchange system in the prior art
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of a battery swap system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation flow of a battery swap system control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a control device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the term “if” can be interpreted as “when” or “uponce” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting”, depending on the context.
  • the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [described condition or event] is detected” can be interpreted as meaning “uponce it is determined” or “in response to determining” or “uponce [described condition or event] is detected” or “in response to detecting [described condition or event]", depending on the context.
  • references to "one embodiment” or “some embodiments” in the specification of this application mean that one or more embodiments of the present application include a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment. In some embodiments, “in some other embodiments”, etc. do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but mean “one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
  • the terms “including”, “comprising”, “having” and their variations all mean “including but not limited to”, unless otherwise specifically emphasized.
  • battery swapping With the vigorous promotion of new energy and policy guidance, battery swapping has become a particularly important technical route in the field of automotive electrification.
  • battery swapping systems (such as battery swapping stations) focusing on providing battery swapping services for electric vehicles have been built on the market, which indicates that we have entered the initial stage of battery swapping development.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the current battery swap system.
  • the current battery swap system generally configures a DC charging pile for each battery swap compartment; that is, the number of DC charging piles corresponding to the number of battery swap compartments in the battery swap system leads to a lower system integration of the battery swap system on the one hand, and a higher hardware cost of the battery swap system on the other hand.
  • the current battery swap system can only transmit electrical energy from the power grid to the battery swap compartment in one direction, which makes the interaction mode between the battery swap system and the power grid single, and cannot bring into play the full value of the battery swap system in energy supply.
  • the power grid refers to: outside the battery swap system, the whole composed of substations and transmission and distribution lines of various voltages.
  • the embodiments of the present application propose a battery swap system, a battery swap system control method, a control device and a computer-readable storage medium, which can improve the system integration of the battery swap system by improving the system architecture of the battery swap system, so that the battery swap system can maximize its value in energy supply at a lower hardware cost.
  • the battery swap system Since the one-to-one DC charging pile in the battery swap system is adjusted to a one-to-many PCS, the battery swap system has the ability to transmit electric energy in both directions, and the hardware cost is reduced.
  • a control device is also set between the PCS and the battery swap battery compartment. Since the control device can control the first target power battery among the multiple power batteries stored in the battery swap battery compartment to transmit electric energy to the power grid according to the needs of the actual application scenario, the battery swap system can realize the value of grid-connected peak-shaving and valley-filling in energy supply.
  • the battery exchange system includes but is not limited to the following equipment: a transformer, a PCS, a convergence device, a control device, and a plurality of battery exchange battery compartments, such as battery exchange battery compartment 1 to battery exchange battery compartment N.
  • the battery exchange battery compartments can store multiple power batteries respectively.
  • the battery replacement system proposed in the embodiment of the present application has the following improvements:
  • One end of the transformer is connected to the power grid outside the battery swap system, and the other end is connected to the PCS. That is, the PCS is connected to the power grid through the transformer.
  • a convergence device and a control device are provided between the multiple battery-swap battery compartments and the PCS.
  • the multiple battery-swap battery compartments are connected to the PCS via the convergence device, which can be expressed as: the connection between the PCS and the convergence device, and the connection between the convergence device and the multiple battery-swap battery compartments are all high-voltage circuit connections.
  • the control device is connected to the multiple battery-swap battery compartments, which can be expressed as: the connection between the control device and the multiple battery-swap battery compartments are all low-voltage communication circuit connections.
  • the control device is also connected to the PCS, which can be expressed as: the connection between the control device and the PCS is also a low-voltage communication circuit connection.
  • the transformer has the function of reducing high voltage and increasing low voltage
  • the PCS integrates an AC/DC conversion module, which has the function of AC/DC conversion, and can realize bidirectional transmission of electric energy through the PCS
  • the confluence device is the main system for electric energy transmission in the battery swap system, which has the function of gathering the electric energy transmission channels of multiple battery swap compartments
  • the control device is The slave system for power transmission within the battery swap system has the function of controlling the working status of the power battery and PCS in the battery swap battery compartment.
  • the control device can control the first target power battery among the multiple power batteries to transmit electric energy to the power grid via the converging device and the PCS, thereby realizing the power supply of the first target power battery to the power grid.
  • the first target power battery can be: a power battery that has the ability to supply power to the power grid while ensuring its own performance.
  • the first target power battery can specifically be all or part of the power batteries among the multiple power batteries, which can be determined according to the status of each power battery and the control strategy adopted by the control device.
  • control device can also control the second target power battery among the multiple power batteries to obtain electric energy from the power grid via the converging device and the PCS, thereby realizing the charging of the second target power battery by the power grid.
  • the second target power battery can also be all or part of the power batteries among the multiple power batteries.
  • the operation of the first target power battery transmitting electric energy to the power grid and the operation of the second target power battery obtaining electric energy from the power grid cannot be performed simultaneously; that is, the control device cannot control the second target power battery to obtain electric energy from the power grid while controlling the first target power battery to transmit electric energy to the power grid.
  • the control device can also instruct the third target power battery among the multiple power batteries to replace the power for the power-consuming equipment. For example, it can display the information of the third target power battery (such as the number and/or position, etc.) through a display screen, etc., to guide the user to replace the power for the power-consuming equipment based on the third target power battery; or, the information of the third target power battery can also be sent to the battery replacement equipment, such as a battery replacement vehicle, etc., to guide the battery replacement equipment to replace the power for the power-consuming equipment based on the third target power battery.
  • the battery replacement equipment such as a battery replacement vehicle, etc.
  • the power-consuming equipment is specifically a device that has run out of power, such as an electric car that has run out of power;
  • the third target power battery can be a battery that is fully charged or close to fully charged among the multiple power batteries.
  • the battery replacement operation performed by the battery replacement system can enable the power-consuming equipment to be put back into normal use immediately after the battery replacement.
  • the number of PCSs and confluence devices can be expanded according to actual conditions, thereby achieving adaptation to the number of battery exchange battery compartments and the voltage level of the power battery.
  • the PCS may include a first PCS and a second PCS (there may be more PCSs in reality)
  • the confluence device may include a first confluence device and a second confluence device (there may be more confluence devices in reality); then, the first battery exchange battery compartment among the multiple battery exchange battery compartments may be connected to the first PCS through the first confluence device, and the second battery exchange battery compartment among the multiple battery exchange battery compartments may be connected to the second PCS through the second confluence device, wherein the first battery exchange battery compartment is different from the second battery exchange battery compartment, and both are partial battery compartments among the multiple battery exchange battery compartments.
  • the voltage level of the AC side of the PCS needs to match the voltage level of the output voltage of the transformer; considering that the power battery may also need to transmit electricity to the power grid, the voltage level of the DC side of the PCS needs to match the voltage level of the output voltage of the busbar device, and the DC voltage withstand capability of the busbar device needs to match the voltage level of the connected battery exchange battery compartment.
  • the number of busbars and PCSs can be considered to be expanded. Specifically, if there are N different batches of power batteries, and different batches of power batteries are stored in different battery swap battery compartments, and different batches of power batteries have different voltage levels, then the battery swap system can expand N busbars and N PCSs accordingly, and each batch of power batteries has corresponding busbars and PCSs, so that the voltage level of a batch of power batteries can be consistent with the DC withstand voltage capacity of the corresponding busbar and the voltage of the corresponding PCS.
  • the expansion of the number of PCSs will also help the battery swap system meet the charging and discharging needs of more power batteries.
  • the control device can also monitor the battery status of each first target power battery in the process of controlling the first target power battery to transmit power to the power grid, and periodically sample the voltage and temperature of each first target power battery.
  • the power transmission of the power battery to the power grid can be cut off, that is, the power battery is controlled to stop transmitting power to the power grid.
  • the abnormality includes but is not limited to the battery voltage being less than the preset voltage lower limit threshold and the battery temperature being higher than the preset temperature threshold.
  • control device can also monitor the battery status of each second target power battery in the process of controlling the second target power battery to obtain power from the power grid, and periodically sample the voltage and temperature of each second target power battery.
  • the power transmission of the power grid to the power battery can be cut off, that is, the power battery is stopped from obtaining power from the power grid.
  • the abnormality includes but is not limited to the battery voltage being greater than the preset voltage upper limit threshold and the battery temperature being higher than the preset temperature threshold.
  • the battery swap system control method is explained and illustrated through a specific embodiment.
  • the battery swap system control method is applied to the optimized battery swap system, specifically a control device applied to the battery swap system.
  • the battery swap system control method includes:
  • Step 301 obtaining status information of multiple power batteries.
  • the control device has established a low-voltage communication circuit connection with multiple battery swap compartments; based on this, through the low-voltage communication circuit connection, the control device can obtain the status information of all power batteries connected to the battery swap compartment.
  • the status information may include but is not limited to one or more of the following: state of charge, temperature, and the length of time in the station.
  • Step 302 Control a first target power battery among the multiple power batteries to transmit electric energy to a power grid via a busbar and a PCS according to status information of the multiple power batteries.
  • the control device can be pre-set with a corresponding control strategy. In this way, the control device can determine the first target power battery that meets the control strategy from the multiple power batteries connected to the power exchange system, that is, these first target power batteries can transmit power to the outside under the premise that their own performance is guaranteed. Therefore, the control device can control these first target power batteries to transmit power to the power grid via the confluence device and PCS.
  • the control strategy may be: a power battery whose state of charge is greater than a preset first state of charge threshold may be determined as a first target power battery.
  • the first state of charge threshold may be set to 80% or other values, which may be specifically set by the staff of the battery swap system according to the material and performance of the power battery. It can be understood that the purpose of such a control strategy is: the state of charge of the power battery is greater than the preset first state of charge threshold, indicating that the power battery has been fully charged or nearly fully charged before, and it retains more electrical energy, and can therefore be determined as the first target power battery.
  • control strategy may also be: the power battery whose in-station time is greater than the preset first time threshold can be determined as the first target power battery.
  • the first time threshold can be specifically set by the staff of the battery swap system according to the time it takes for the power battery to be charged from a low power to a full power. It can be understood that the purpose of such a control strategy is: the power battery's in-station time is greater than the preset first time threshold, indicating that the power battery has been charged in the battery swap system for a long period of time, and it retains more electrical energy, and can therefore be determined as the first target power battery.
  • control strategy may also be: sorting multiple power batteries connected to the battery swap system according to the order of state of charge from large to small, and determining the specified number of power batteries with the highest order as the first target power battery.
  • the specified number can be set by the staff of the battery swap system according to the total number of power batteries connected to the battery swap system, for example, it can be set to 20% of the total number. It can be understood that the purpose of the control strategy set in this way is: after sorting from large to small according to the order of state of charge, the power battery with the highest order is the power battery with relatively more power in the battery swap system, and thus can be determined as the first target power battery.
  • the control device can determine the power battery with a state of charge greater than the preset second state of charge threshold among the specified number of power batteries with the highest order as the first target power battery.
  • the second state of charge threshold is lower than the first state of charge threshold described above, for example, the second state of charge threshold can be set to 50% or other values.
  • step 302 can be expressed as: according to the power status information of the power grid and the status information of the multiple power batteries, the first target power battery among the multiple power batteries is controlled to transmit power to the power grid via the converging device and the PCS.
  • the control device can exchange data with the power grid through the station control system of the power exchange system and the external cloud platform to obtain the power status information of the power grid.
  • the power status information may include but is not limited to at least one of the following: power load, load status and corresponding duration.
  • the control device can know whether the current power supply of the power grid is sufficient through the power status information of the power grid. Only when the power supply of the power grid is insufficient, it is considered necessary for the current battery swap system to transmit power to the power grid. At this time, the control device will determine the first target power battery from multiple power batteries based on any of the control strategies proposed above to transmit power to the power grid.
  • the control device can determine whether the power grid is in a specified load state based on the power state information of the power grid, and the specified load state means that the difference between the power load of the power grid and the preset power load is less than a preset difference threshold.
  • the preset power load can be determined by performing big data analysis on the power load conditions of the power grid when the power supply was insufficient in the past; or, the preset power load can also be determined based on the maximum power load of the power grid in the past period of time; or, the preset power load can also be determined based on the maximum power generation of the power grid.
  • the control device needs to compare it with the preset power load to determine whether the power grid is in the specified load state. If the power status information carries information about the load state, the control device can directly determine whether the load state is the specified load state; of course, if the information transmission strategy of the power grid is to transmit power status information carrying its load state only when it is in the specified load state, the control device can also directly determine that the power grid is currently in the specified load state after receiving the power status information.
  • the control device can determine that the power grid is currently under-supplied, and thus control the first target power battery to transmit power to the power grid.
  • the control device can also compare the duration of the power grid being in the specified load state with a preset second duration threshold; when the duration of the power grid being in the specified load state exceeds the second duration threshold, the control device can determine that the power grid is currently under-supplied, and thus control the first target power battery to transmit power to the power grid.
  • the standard power battery transmits electrical energy to the grid via the converging device and PCS.
  • the control device may determine a second target power battery among multiple power batteries based on status information of the multiple power batteries, and control the second target power battery to obtain electrical energy from the power grid via the convergence device and the PCS.
  • the battery swap system can perform its functions normally and charge the power battery.
  • the second target power battery in this case can be: a power battery whose state of charge has not reached the first state of charge threshold, that is, a power battery that is not fully charged or not close to being fully charged.
  • the second target power battery in this case can be: all power batteries. That is, for the battery swap system, the priority of energy supply to power batteries is higher than the priority of energy supply to the power grid. In the extreme case where all power batteries in the battery swap system are low in power, even if the energy supply of the power grid is insufficient, the battery swap system can still obtain electrical energy from the power grid.
  • the control device may also control the third target power battery among the multiple power batteries to swap power for the power-consuming device, thereby giving full play to the power swap function of the battery swap system, so that the power-consuming device can be put back into normal use immediately after the power swap.
  • the power-consuming device is a device that has run out of power, such as an electric car that has run out of power; the third target power battery may be a battery that is fully charged or nearly fully charged among the multiple power batteries.
  • the embodiment of the present application optimizes the system architecture of the battery swap system, adjusts the one-to-one DC charging pile in the existing battery swap system to a one-to-many PCS, and sets a convergence device and a control device between the PCS and the battery swap battery compartment.
  • the battery swap system has the ability to transmit electric energy in both directions, and the hardware cost can be reduced.
  • the control device can control the first target power battery among the multiple power batteries stored in the battery swap battery compartment to transmit electric energy to the power grid, and control the second target power battery among the multiple power batteries stored in the battery swap battery compartment to obtain electric energy from the power grid according to the needs of the actual application scenario, so that the battery swap system can realize the value of grid-connected peak shaving and valley filling in energy supply.
  • the control device 4 in the embodiment of the present application includes: a memory 401, one or more processors 402 (only one is shown in Figure 4) and a computer program stored in the memory 401 and executable on the processor.
  • the memory 401 is used to store software programs and modules
  • the processor 402 executes various functional applications and data processing by running the software programs and units stored in the memory 401 to obtain the resources corresponding to the above-mentioned preset events.
  • the processor 402 implements the following steps when running the above-mentioned computer program stored in the memory 401:
  • a first target power battery among the multiple power batteries is controlled to transmit electric energy to the power grid via the merging device and the energy storage converter.
  • the processor 402 implements the following steps when running the above computer program stored in the memory 401:
  • Controlling a first target power battery among the multiple power batteries to transmit electric energy to a power grid via a merging device and an energy storage converter according to state information of the multiple power batteries comprising:
  • a first target power battery among the multiple power batteries is controlled to transmit electric energy to the power grid via the merging device and the energy storage converter.
  • controlling a first target power battery among the plurality of power batteries to transmit electric energy to the power grid via a merging device and an energy storage converter according to the power status information of the power grid and the status information of the plurality of power batteries includes:
  • the first target power battery is controlled to transmit electric energy to the power grid via the merging device and the energy storage converter.
  • the state information includes a state of charge; and determining a first target power battery from among the multiple power batteries according to the state information of the multiple power batteries includes:
  • a power battery whose state of charge is greater than a preset state of charge threshold is determined as a first target power battery.
  • the state information includes a state of charge; and determining a first target power battery from among the multiple power batteries according to the state information of the multiple power batteries comprises:
  • a specified number of power batteries that are ranked first are determined as first target power batteries.
  • the processor 402 implements the following steps by running the computer program stored in the memory 401:
  • the second target power battery is controlled to obtain electric energy from the power grid via the merging device and the energy storage converter.
  • the processor 402 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays, or a plurality of other processors. (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • the general processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc.
  • the memory 401 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor 402. A part or all of the memory 401 may also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 401 may also store information on the device type.
  • the disclosed devices/network equipment and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device/network equipment embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of modules or units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

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Abstract

一种换电系统、换电系统控制方法、控制装置及存储介质。换电系统包括：变压器、储能变流器、汇流装置、控制装置以及多个换电电池仓；其中，多个换电电池仓通过汇流装置与储能变流器连接；储能变流器通过变压器与换电系统外部的电网连接；控制装置与多个换电电池仓连接；多个换电电池仓用于存储多个动力电池；控制装置用于控制第一目标动力电池向电网传输电能，还用于控制第二目标动力电池从电网获取电能，第一目标动力电池为在保障自身性能的前提下具备向电网供电的能力的动力电池。可提升换电系统的系统集成度，以较低的硬件成本使换电系统尽可能地发挥出其在能源供应上的价值。

Description

一种换电系统、换电系统控制方法、控制装置及存储介质
本申请要求于2023年06月16日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202310714440.2、发明名称为“一种换电系统、换电系统控制方法、控制装置及存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于能源技术领域，尤其涉及一种换电系统、换电系统控制方法、控制装置及计算机可读存储介质。
背景技术
随着新能源的大力推广和政策导向，换电已然成为汽车电动化领域中尤其重要的一条技术路线。近年来，随着换电技术的推广落地，市场上已建设有聚焦于为电动汽车提供换电服务的换电系统，这标志着当前已进入换电发展的初期阶段。
然而，目前的换电系统一般是为每个换电电池仓均配置一个直流充电桩，这将导致换电系统的系统集成度较低、硬件成本较高且功能单一，无法更全面地发挥出换电系统在能源供应上的价值。
申请内容
本申请提供了一种换电系统、换电系统控制方法、控制装置及计算机可读存储介质，可提升换电系统的系统集成度，以较低的硬件成本使换电系统尽可能地发挥出其在能源供应上的价值。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种换电系统，该换电系统包括：变压器、储能变流器(Power Conversion System，PCS)、汇流装置、控制装置以及多个换电电池仓；
其中，多个换电电池仓通过汇流装置与PCS连接；PCS通过变压器与换电系统外部的电网连接；控制装置与多个换电电池仓连接；多个换电电池仓用于存储多个动力电池；
控制装置用于控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器向电网传输电能，第一目标动力电池为：在保障自身性能的前提下具备向电网供电的能力的动力电池；
控制装置还用于控制多个动力电池中的第二目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器从电网获取电能。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种换电系统控制方法，该换电系统控制方法应用于如第一方面的换电系统，该换电系统控制方法包括：
获取多个动力电池的状态信息；
根据多个动力电池的状态信息控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器向电网传输电能。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种控制装置，该控制装置包括存储器、处理器以及存储在存储器中并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，该处理器执行该计算机程序时实现如第二方面的方法的步骤。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如第一方面的方法的步骤。
本申请与现有技术相比存在的有益效果是：对换电系统的系统架构进行了优化，将现有的换电系统中一对一的直流充电桩调整为可以一对多的PCS，并在PCS与换电电池仓之间设置汇流装置和控制装置。通过新增的PCS，使得换电系统具备双向传输电能的能力，且硬件成本有所下降。基于这一优化后的系统架构，控制装置即可根据实际应用场景的需求，控制换电电池仓所存储的多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS向电网传输电能，以及控制换电电池仓所存储的多个动力电池中的第二目标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS从电网获取电能，使得换电系统在能源供应上实现并网削峰填谷的价值。
可以理解的是，上述第二方面至第四方面的有益效果可以参见上述第一方面中的相关描述，在此不再赘述。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术中的换电系统的系统架构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的换电系统的系统架构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的换电系统控制方法的实现流程示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的控制装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下描述中，为了说明而不是为了限定，提出了诸如特定系统结构、技术之类的具体细节，以便透彻理解本申请实施例。然而，本领域的技术人员应当清楚，在没有这些具体细节的其它实施例中也可以实现本申请。在其它情况中，省略对众所周知的系统、装置、电路以及方法的详细说明，以免不必要的细节妨碍本申请的描述。
应当理解，当在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中使用时，术语“包括”指示所描述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、组件和/或其集合的存在或添加。
还应当理解，在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合，并且包括这些组合。
如在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，术语“如果”可以依据上下文被解释为“当...时”或“一旦”或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，短语“如果确定”或“如果检测到[所描述条件或事件]”可以依据上下文被解释为意指“一旦确定”或“响应于确定”或“一旦检测到[所描述条件或事件]”或“响应于检测到[所描述条件或事件]”。
另外，在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书的描述中，术语“第一”及“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”或“一些实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施例中”、“在其它一些实施 例中”、“在另外一些实施例中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其它方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其它方式另外特别强调。
随着新能源的大力推广和政策导向，换电已然成为汽车电动化领域中尤其重要的一条技术路线。近年来，随着换电技术的推广落地，市场上已建设有聚焦于为电动汽车提供换电服务的换电系统(例如换电站)，这标志着当前已进入换电发展的初期阶段。
请参阅图1，图1给出了目前的换电系统的系统架构示意。如图1所示，目前的换电系统一般是为每个换电电池仓均配置一个直流充电桩；也即，换电系统有多少个换电电池仓，就要对应配置多少个直流充电桩，这一方面导致了换电系统较低的系统集成度，另一方面也导致了换电系统较高的硬件成本。并且，受限于直流充电桩的单一功能，目前的换电系统仅能单向的从电网向换电电池仓传输电能，使得换电系统与电网的交互模式单一，无法发挥出换电系统在能源供应上的全部价值。其中，电网指的是：在换电系统之外，各种电压的变电所及输配电线路组成的整体。
出于以上考虑，本申请实施例提出了一种换电系统、换电系统控制方法、控制装置及计算机可读存储介质，可通过改进换电系统的系统架构，实现换电系统的系统集成度的提升，使换电系统以较低的硬件成本尽可能地发挥出其在能源供应上的价值。
由于换电系统中一对一的直流充电桩调整为可以一对多的PCS，使得换电系统具备双向传输电能的能力，且硬件成本有所下降。除此之外，PCS与换电电池仓之间还设置有控制装置，由于控制装置可根据实际应用场景的需求，控制换电电池仓所存储的多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池向电网传输电能，使得换电系统在能源供应上可实现并网削峰填谷的价值。
为便于理解本申请实施例所提出的换电系统，下面通过具体实施例对该换电系统作出解释及说明。请参阅图2，图2给出了本申请实施例所提出的换电系统的系统架构示意。如图2所示，该换电系统包括但不限于如下设备：变压器、PCS、汇流装置、控制装置以及多个换电电池仓，例如换电电池仓1至换电电池仓N。其中，换电电池仓均可分别存储多个动力电池。
与现有技术相比，本申请实施例所提出的换电系统有如下改进：
变压器的一端与换电系统外部的电网连接，另一端与PCS连接。也即，PCS通过变压器与电网连接。
在多个换电电池仓与PCS之间，设置有汇流装置及控制装置。具体地，多个换电电池仓通过汇流装置与PCS连接，其可表现为：PCS与汇流装置之间的连接，以及汇流装置与多个换电电池仓之间的连接，均为高压回路连接。具体地，控制装置与多个换电电池仓连接，其可表现为：控制装置与多个换电电池仓之间的连接，均为低压通讯回路连接。进一步地，控制装置还与PCS连接，其可表现为：控制装置与PCS之间的连接，同样也为低压通讯回路连接。
其中，变压器具备降低高压及提升低压的功能；PCS集成有交流电/直流电(AC/DC)转换模块，具备交直流变换的功能，可通过PCS实现电能的双向传输；汇流装置是换电系统内电能传输的主系统，其具备汇集多个换电电池仓的电能传输通道的功能；控制装置是 换电系统内电能传输的从系统，其具备控制换电电池仓中的动力电池及PCS的工作状态的功能。
基于以上所提出的换电系统中各设备所具备的功能，控制装置可控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS向电网传输电能，由此实现第一目标动力电池对电网的供电。为避免动力电池因过放电而导致电池寿命受到损伤，该第一目标动力电池可为：在保障自身性能的前提下具备向电网供电的能力的动力电池。其中，该第一目标动力电池具体可以是多个动力电池中的全部动力电池或部分动力电池，可根据各个动力电池的状态及控制装置所采用的控制策略而确定。
除此之外，控制装置还可控制多个动力电池中的第二目标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS从电网获取电能，由此实现电网对第二目标动力电池的充电。与第一目标动力电池类似，该第二目标动力电池具体也可以是多个动力电池中的全部动力电池或部分动力电池。
需要注意的是，第一目标动力电池向电网传输电能的操作与第二目标动力电池从电网获取电能的操作不可同时执行；也即，控制装置无法在控制第一目标动力电池向电网传输电能的同时，控制第二目标动力电池从电网获取电能。
除此之外，为充分发挥出换电系统的换电作用，控制装置还可指示多个动力电池中的第三目标动力电池为用电设备换电，例如，其可以通过显示屏等显示第三目标动力电池的信息(例如编号和/或位置等)，用以指引用户基于该第三目标动力电池为用电设备进行换电；或者，也可以将第三目标动力电池的信息发送给换电设备，例如换电小车等，用以指引换电设备基于该第三目标动力电池为用电设备进行换电。其中，该用电设备具体为已缺电的设备，例如已缺电的电动汽车等；该第三目标动力电池可以是多个动力电池中满电量或接近满电量的电池。通过换电系统所进行的换电操作，可使得用电设备能够在换电后立即重新投入正常使用。
本申请实施例所提出的换电系统中，PCS及汇流装置的数量可根据实际情况进行拓展，由此实现对换电电池仓的数量及动力电池的电压等级的适应。基于此，仅作为示例，该换电系统中，PCS可包括第一PCS及第二PCS(实际可以有更多的PCS)，汇流装置可包括第一汇流装置及第二汇流装置(实际可以有更多的汇流装置)；则，多个换电电池仓中的第一换电电池仓可通过该第一汇流装置与该第一PCS连接，多个换电电池仓中的第二换电电池仓可通过该第二汇流装置与该第二PCS连接，其中，第一换电电池仓不同于第二换电电池仓，且二者均为多个换电电池仓中的部分电池仓。
在一些示例中，为避免设备被高压击穿，在优化后的换电系统中，考虑到动力电池可能会需要从电网获取电能，因而PCS的交流侧的电压等级需与变压器的输出电压的电压等级相匹配；又考虑到动力电池也可能会需要向电网传输电能，因而PCS的直流侧的电压等级需与汇流装置的输出电压的电压等级匹配，且汇流装置的直流耐压能力还需与相连接的换电电池仓的电压等级相匹配。
由此可知，如果在一个换电系统内，存在多种不同电压等级的动力电池，则可考虑对汇流装置和PCS的数量进行拓展，具体为：如果有不同的N批动力电池，不同批的动力电池分别由不同的换电电池仓存储，且不同批的动力电池的电压等级不同，则换电系统可相应拓展N个汇流装置和N个PCS，每批动力电池分别有对应的汇流装置和PCS，由此可使得一批动力电池的电压等级能够与对应的汇流装置的直流耐压能力和对应的PCS的电压等 级相匹配。当然，PCS的数量的拓展，还有助于换电系统满足更多的动力电池的充放电需求。
为保障电能传输过程中动力电池不受到损害，控制装置在控制第一目标动力电池向电网传输电能的过程中，还可监测各个第一目标动力电池的电池状态，对各个第一目标动力电池的电压及温度进行周期性采样，在存在有动力电池异常时可切断该动力电池向电网的电能传输，也即控制该动力电池停止向电网传输电能。仅作为示例，该异常包括但不限于电池电压小于预设的电压下限阈值及电池温度高于预设的温度阈值等。类似地，控制装置在控制第二目标动力电池从电网获取电能的过程中，也可监测各个第二目标动力电池的电池状态，对各个第二目标动力电池的电压及温度进行周期性采样，在存在有动力电池异常时可切断电网向该动力电池的电能传输，也即停止该动力电池从电网获取电能。仅作为示例，该异常包括但不限于电池电压大于预设的电压上限阈值及电池温度高于预设的温度阈值等。
基于前文所提出的优化后的换电系统，下面通过具体实施例对换电系统控制方法作出解释及说明。其中，该换电系统控制方法应用于该优化后的换电系统，具体为应用于该换电系统内的控制装置。请参阅图3，该换电系统控制方法包括：
步骤301，获取多个动力电池的状态信息。
根据前文所描述的换电系统的系统架构可知，控制装置已经与多个换电电池仓建立有低压通信回路连接；基于此，通过该低压通信回路连接，控制装置可以获取到所有已接入换电电池仓的动力电池的状态信息。仅作为示例，该状态信息可包括但不限于如下一项以上：荷电状态、温度及本次已入站时长等。
步骤302，根据多个动力电池的状态信息控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS向电网传输电能。
为了在向电网进行电能传输时，避免动力电池本身发生过大损耗，保障电能传输的有序性，控制装置可预先设置有相应的控制策略。这样一来，控制装置即可从已接入换电系统的多个动力电池中，确定出符合该控制策略的第一目标动力电池，也即这些第一目标动力电池可在其自身性能得以保障的前提下向外输送电能。由此，控制装置即可控制这些第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS向电网传输电能。
在一些示例中，控制策略可以是：荷电状态大于预设的第一荷电状态阈值的动力电池可被确定为第一目标动力电池。其中，该第一荷电状态阈值可被设定为80％或者其它数值，具体可由换电系统的工作人员根据动力电池的材质及性能而设定。可以理解，这样设置的控制策略的目的是：动力电池的荷电状态大于预设的第一荷电状态阈值，表示该动力电池在此之前已经被充至满电量或接近满电量，其所保留的电能较多，因而可被确定为第一目标动力电池。
在一些示例中，控制策略也可以是：本次已入站时长大于预设的第一时长阈值的动力电池可被确定为第一目标动力电池。其中，该第一时长阈值具体可由换电系统的工作人员根据动力电池由亏电被充至满电的时长而设定。可以理解，这样设置的控制策略的目的是：动力电池的本次已入站时长大于预设的第一时长阈值，表示该动力电池已经在换电系统内被充电了一段较长的时间，其所保留的电能较多，因而可被确定为第一目标动力电池。
在一些示例中，控制策略还可以是：根据荷电状态由大至小的顺序，对已接入换电系统的多个动力电池进行排序，并将排序靠前的指定数量个动力电池确定为第一目标动力电池。其中，该指定数量具体可由换电系统的工作人员根据接入换电系统的动力电池的总数量进行设定，例如可以设定为该总数量的20％。可以理解，这样设置的控制策略的目的是：在根据荷电状态由大至小的顺序进行排序后，排序靠前的动力电池即为换电系统内相对而言电量较多的动力电池，因而可被确定为第一目标动力电池。进一步地，考虑到可能存在换电系统内的动力电池均电量较低这一极端情况，为避免动力电池在低电量的情况下还继续向外输送电能，控制装置可以将排序靠前的指定数量个动力电池中，荷电状态大于预设的第二荷电状态阈值的动力电池确定为第一目标动力电池。其中，该第二荷电状态阈值低于前文所描述的第一荷电状态阈值，例如，该第二荷电状态阈值可被设定为50％或其它数值。
在一些实施例中，考虑到电网在大部分时候的电能供应都较为充足，因而换电系统中的动力电池并不需要在任何时候都向电网传输电能，只需要在电网的电能供应不足时向电网传输电能。基于此，在步骤302之前，控制装置还可以先获取电网的电力状态信息。相应地，步骤302可表现为：根据电网的电力状态信息和多个动力电池的状态信息控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS向电网传输电能。
控制装置可以通过换电系统的站控系统以及外部的云平台，与电网进行数据交互，获得电网的电力状态信息。该电力状态信息可以包括但不限于如下至少一项：电力负荷、负荷状态及相应时长。
控制装置通过电网的电力状态信息，可以获知当前电网的电能供应是否充足。仅在电网的电能供应不足的情况下，才认为当前换电系统有必要向电网传输电能，此时控制装置才会从多个动力电池中基于前文所提出的任一项控制策略确定出第一目标动力电池来向电网传输电能。
具体地，控制装置可根据电网的电力状态信息，判断电网是否处于指定负荷状态，该指定负荷状态指的是：电网的电力负荷与预设电力负荷之间的差异小于预设的差异阈值。其中，该预设电力负荷具体可以通过对电网过往电能供应不足时的电力负荷情况进行大数据分析而确定；或者，该预设电力负荷具体也可以根据电网在过去一段时间内的最大电力负荷而确定；或者，该预设电力负荷还可以根据电网的最大发电量而确定。
可以理解，如果电力状态信息携带的是电力负荷的信息，则控制装置需要将其与预设电力负荷进行比对，以判断电网是否处于该指定负荷状态。如果电力状态信息携带的是负荷状态的信息，则控制装置可直接确定该负荷状态是否就是该指定负荷状态；当然，如果电网的信息传输策略是仅在其处于指定负荷状态时才传输携带有其负荷状态的电力状态信息，则控制装置也可在接收到该电力状态信息后，直接确定电网当前正处于该指定负荷状态。
在电网处于该指定负荷状态时，控制装置即可认为电网当前的电能供应不足，并由此控制第一目标动力电池向电网传输电能。当然，为避免电网短时间的能源供应波动而导致控制装置频繁切换动力电池的充放电状态，控制装置也还可以将电网本次处于该指定负荷状态的时长与预设的第二时长阈值进行比对；在电网本次处于该指定负荷状态的时长已超过该第二时长阈值时，控制装置即可认为电网当前的确电能供应不足，并由此控制第一目 标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS向电网传输电能。
在一些实施例中，在电网不处于指定负荷状态的情况下，或者，在多个动力电池中未确定出第一目标动力电池的情况下，控制装置可根据多个动力电池的状态信息，在多个动力电池中确定第二目标动力电池，并控制第二目标动力电池经由汇流装置和PCS从电网获取电能。
可以理解，如果电网未处于指定负荷状态，则可知电网当前并不存在电能供应不足的问题，也即当前并不属于用电高峰期。此时换电系统可正常发挥其职能作用，为动力电池充电。考虑到换电系统中可能有些动力电池已经满电，因而这种情况下的第二目标动力电池可以为：荷电状态未达到第一荷电状态阈值的动力电池，也即未满电或未接近满电的动力电池。
除此之外，通过前文所描述的控制策略可知，可能出现所有的动力电池均被确定为第一目标动力电池的情况，也可能出现只有部分动力电池被确定为第一目标动力电池的情况，还可能出现没有动力电池被确定为第一目标动力电池的情况。在没有动力电池被确定为第一目标动力电池的情况下，可认为当前所有的动力电池都未存储有足够的电能。考虑到换电系统的最主要的目的还是为了满足用户的换电需求，因而这种情况下的第二目标动力电池可以为：所有的动力电池。也即，对于换电系统而言，对动力电池进行能源供应的优先级要高于对电网进行能源供应的优先级，在换电系统中所有的动力电池都电量较低的极端情况下，即使电网的能源供应不充足，换电系统也仍然可从电网获取电能。
在一些实施例中，在换电系统检测到有用电设备进站的情况下，控制装置也可控制多个动力电池中的第三目标动力电池为用电设备换电，由此充分发挥出换电系统的换电作用，使得用电设备能够在换电后立即重新投入正常使用。其中，该用电设备具体为已缺电的设备，例如已缺电的电动汽车等；该第三目标动力电池可以是多个动力电池中满电量或接近满电量的电池。
由上可知，本申请实施例对换电系统的系统架构进行了优化，将现有的换电系统中一对一的直流充电桩调整为可以一对多的PCS，并在PCS与换电电池仓之间设置汇流装置和控制装置。通过新增的PCS，使得换电系统具备双向传输电能的能力，且硬件成本可有所下降。基于这一优化后的系统架构，控制装置即可根据实际应用场景的需求，控制换电电池仓所存储的多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池向电网传输电能，以及控制换电电池仓所存储的多个动力电池中的第二目标动力电池从电网获取电能，使得换电系统在能源供应上实现并网削峰填谷的价值。
对应于上文所提供的换电系统控制方法，本申请实施例还提供了一种控制装置。参见图4，本申请实施例中的控制装置4包括：存储器401，一个或多个处理器402(图4中仅示出一个)及存储在存储器401上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序。其中：存储器401用于存储软件程序以及模块，处理器402通过运行存储在存储器401的软件程序以及单元，从而执行各种功能应用以及数据处理，以获取上述预设事件对应的资源。具体地，处理器402通过运行存储在存储器401的上述计算机程序时实现以下步骤：
获取多个动力电池的状态信息；
根据多个动力电池的状态信息控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器向电网传输电能。
假设上述为第一种可能的实施方式，则在第一种可能的实施方式作为基础而提供的第二种可能的实施方式中，在根据多个动力电池的状态信息控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器向电网传输电能之前，处理器402通过运行存储在存储器401的上述计算机程序时实现以下步骤：
获取电网的电力状态信息；
根据多个动力电池的状态信息控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器向电网传输电能，包括：
根据电网的电力状态信息和多个动力电池的状态信息控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器向电网传输电能。
在上述第二种可能的实施方式作为基础而提供的第三种可能的实施方式中，根据电网的电力状态信息和多个动力电池的状态信息控制多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器向电网传输电能，包括：
根据电网的电力状态信息，确定电网是否处于指定负荷状态；
在电网处于指定负荷状态的情况下，根据多个动力电池的状态信息，在多个动力电池中确定第一目标动力电池；
控制第一目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器向电网传输电能。
在上述第三种可能的实施方式作为基础而提供的第四种可能的实施方式中，状态信息包括荷电状态；根据多个动力电池的状态信息，在多个动力电池中确定第一目标动力电池，包括：
将荷电状态大于预设的荷电状态阈值的动力电池确定为第一目标动力电池。
在上述第三种可能的实施方式作为基础而提供的第五种可能的实施方式中，状态信息包括荷电状态；根据多个动力电池的状态信息，在多个动力电池中确定第一目标动力电池，包括：
根据荷电状态由大至小的顺序，对多个动力电池进行排序；
将排序靠前的指定数量个动力电池确定为第一目标动力电池。
在上述第三种可能的实施方式作为基础而提供的第六种可能的实施方式中，处理器402通过运行存储在存储器401的上述计算机程序时实现以下步骤：
在电网不处于指定负荷状态的情况下，或者，在多个动力电池中未确定出第一目标动力电池的情况下，根据多个动力电池的状态信息，在多个动力电池中确定第二目标动力电池；
控制第二目标动力电池经由汇流装置和储能变流器从电网获取电能。
应当理解，在本申请实施例中，所称处理器402可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列 (Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
存储器401可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器402提供指令和数据。存储器401的一部分或全部还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器401还可以存储设备类型的信息。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述或记载的部分，可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
在本申请所提供的实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置/网络设备和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置/网络设备实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通讯连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通讯连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种换电系统，其特征在于，所述换电系统包括：变压器、储能变流器、汇流装置、控制装置以及多个换电电池仓；
    所述多个换电电池仓通过所述汇流装置与所述储能变流器连接；所述储能变流器通过所述变压器与所述换电系统外部的电网连接；所述控制装置与所述多个换电电池仓连接；所述多个换电电池仓用于存储多个动力电池；
    所述控制装置用于控制所述多个动力电池中的第一目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器向所述电网传输电能，所述第一目标动力电池为：在保障自身性能的前提下具备向电网供电的能力的动力电池；
    所述控制装置还用于控制所述多个动力电池中的第二目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器从所述电网获取电能。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述储能变流器包括第一储能变流器及第二储能变流器，所述汇流装置包括第一汇流装置及第二汇流装置；所述多个换电电池仓中的第一换电电池仓通过所述第一汇流装置与所述第一储能变流器连接，所述多个换电电池仓中的第二换电电池仓通过所述第二汇流装置与所述第二储能变流器连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的换电系统，其特征在于，所述控制装置还用于指示所述多个动力电池中的第三目标动力电池为用电设备换电。
  4. 一种换电系统控制方法，其特征在于，所述换电系统控制方法应用于如权利要求1至3任一项所述的换电系统，所述换电系统控制方法包括：
    获取所述多个动力电池的状态信息；
    根据所述多个动力电池的状态信息控制所述多个动力电池中的所述第一目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器向所述电网传输电能。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的换电系统控制方法，其特征在于，在所述根据所述多个动力电池的状态信息控制所述多个动力电池中的所述第一目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器向所述电网传输电能之前，所述换电系统控制方法还包括：
    获取所述电网的电力状态信息；
    所述根据所述多个动力电池的状态信息控制所述多个动力电池中的所述第一目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器向所述电网传输电能，包括：
    根据所述电网的电力状态信息和所述多个动力电池的状态信息控制所述多个动力电池中的所述第一目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器向所述电网传输电能。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的换电系统控制方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电网的电力状态信息和所述多个动力电池的状态信息控制所述多个动力电池中的所述第一目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器向所述电网传输电能，包括：
    根据所述电网的电力状态信息，确定所述电网是否处于指定负荷状态；
    在所述电网处于指定负荷状态的情况下，根据所述多个动力电池的状态信息，在所述多个动力电池中确定第一目标动力电池；
    控制所述第一目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器向所述电网传输电能。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的换电系统控制方法，其特征在于，所述状态信息包括荷电状态；所述根据所述多个动力电池的状态信息，在所述多个动力电池中确定第一目标动力电池，包括：
    将荷电状态大于预设的荷电状态阈值的动力电池确定为所述第一目标动力电池。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的换电系统控制方法，其特征在于，所述状态信息包括荷电状态；所述根据所述多个动力电池的状态信息，在所述多个动力电池中确定第一目标动力电池，包括：
    根据荷电状态由大至小的顺序，对所述多个动力电池进行排序；
    将排序靠前的指定数量个动力电池确定为所述第一目标动力电池。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的换电系统控制方法，其特征在于，所述换电系统控制方法还包括：
    在所述电网不处于指定负荷状态的情况下，或者，在所述多个动力电池中未确定出所述第一目标动力电池的情况下，根据所述多个动力电池的状态信息，在所述多个动力电池中确定第二目标动力电池；
    控制所述第二目标动力电池经由所述汇流装置和所述储能变流器从所述电网获取电能。
  10. 一种控制装置，包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求4至9任一项所述的方法。
  11. 一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求4至9任一项所述的方法。
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