WO2024255217A1 - 一种改性壳聚糖及其制备方法、缓凝型减水剂和应用 - Google Patents

一种改性壳聚糖及其制备方法、缓凝型减水剂和应用 Download PDF

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WO2024255217A1
WO2024255217A1 PCT/CN2024/070560 CN2024070560W WO2024255217A1 WO 2024255217 A1 WO2024255217 A1 WO 2024255217A1 CN 2024070560 W CN2024070560 W CN 2024070560W WO 2024255217 A1 WO2024255217 A1 WO 2024255217A1
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chitosan
modified chitosan
acid
water
slow
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French (fr)
Inventor
吴传灯
林志群
李格丽
方云辉
柯余良
林添兴
郭元强
吴文贤
张加炎
谢非
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Kezhijie New Material Group Co Ltd
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Kezhijie New Material Group Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/38Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08BPOLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0006Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
    • C08B37/0024Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/00272-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/003Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and in particular relates to a modified chitosan and a preparation method thereof, a slow-setting water reducing agent and application thereof.
  • polycarboxylate water-reducing agent As a commonly used chemical admixture in existing concrete, polycarboxylate water-reducing agent is widely used due to its advantages of low dosage, high water reduction, designable molecular structure, and green environmental protection.
  • the interaction between polycarboxylate water-reducing agent and concrete will affect the flow properties of cement paste and cause abnormal coagulation of cement paste.
  • retarding substances such as chitosan and polyether
  • the problem of deterioration of concrete paste flow properties caused by the addition of polycarboxylate water-reducing agent is expected to be improved.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing modified chitosan.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a slow-setting water-reducing agent.
  • the catalyst is added in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 wt % based on the total molar amount of the chitosan and the halogenated carboxylic acid.
  • C1-C4 haloalkylene groups include, but are not limited to, -CH(Cl)-, -CH(Br) CH2- , -C[Br( CH3 )]- , -CH( Br ) CH2CH2- , -C[ CH2 (Cl) CH3 ]-, or -CH2CH2CH (Br) CH2- .
  • C1-C4 carboxylic acid groups include, but are not limited to, -CH(COOH)-, -CH2CH (COOH)-, or -CH( CH3 )CH(COOH)-.
  • C2-C4 acyl groups include, but are not limited to, -CH2CO- , -CH2CH2CO- , -CH ( CH3 ) CO- , -CH2CH2CH2CO- , or -C( CH3 ) 2CO- .
  • C2-C4 haloacyl include, but are not limited to, -CH(Br)CO-, -CH2CH (Cl)CO-, or -CH( CH3 )CH(Br ) CO- .
  • the ratio of structural unit 1, structural unit 2, structural unit 3, structural unit 4, structural unit 5, structural unit 6 and structural unit 7 in the modified chitosan structure is not particularly limited, that is, the ratio of structural unit 1, structural unit 2, structural unit 3, structural unit 4, structural unit 5, structural unit 6 and structural unit 7 in the modified chitosan structure provided by the present invention can be
  • the ratio of the present invention is 1:2:1:1:3:6:2, 2:5:9:3:1:1:1, 9:1:8:2:1:7, 100:5:135:1:4:3:6 or any other ratio
  • the distribution of the structural unit one, structural unit two, structural unit three, structural unit four, structural unit five, structural unit six and structural unit seven in the modified chitosan structure is not particularly limited, that is, the structural unit one, structural unit two, structural unit three, structural unit four, structural unit five, structural unit six and structural unit seven in the modified chitosan structure provided in the present invention can be distributed in any manner.
  • the preparation method of the modified chitosan provided by the present invention comprises: taking chitosan and halogenated carboxylic acid to carry out halogenated carboxylation reaction under the action of a catalyst to obtain the modified chitosan
  • the weight average molecular weight of the chitosan is preferably 300-50000, such as 300, 500, 1000, 2000, 1000, 2000, 3000, 7500, 10000, 10200, 14600, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000 or any value therebetween.
  • the halogenated carboxylic acid is a compound containing both a halogen atom and a carboxylic acid in the molecule, which can undergo a halogenated carboxylic acid reaction with chitosan, and the halogenated carboxylic acid can be directly purchased or prepared by conventional methods.
  • specific examples of the halogenated carboxylic acid include, but are not limited to, one or more of 3-chloropyruvic acid, 3-bromopyruvic acid, 2-dichlorosuccinic acid, 2,3-dichlorosuccinic acid, 3-chloropropionic acid, and 3-bromopropionic acid.
  • the added amount of the catalyst is preferably 0.01-0.5wt%, such as 0.01wt%, 0.05wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.5wt% or any value therebetween.
  • the present invention also provides a modified chitosan prepared by the above method, wherein the structure of the modified chitosan has at least one of the structural unit 1 represented by formula (1), the structural unit 2 represented by formula (2) and the structural unit 3 represented by formula (3); in addition, the modified chitosan may also have one or more of the structural unit 4 represented by formula (4), the structural unit 5 represented by formula (5), the structural unit 6 represented by formula (6) and the structural unit 7 represented by formula (7).
  • Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the examples of the embodiments are intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
  • specific techniques or conditions are not specified, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. If the manufacturer is not specified for reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.
  • Air entraining agent (manufacturer is Nanjing Xinyi Synthetic, product number is XY-A01); water retention agent (manufacturer is Ningbo Zhongshuike, product number is SK-530); polycarboxylic acid (manufacturer is Kezhijie, product number is Point-400S); PCE-S (manufacturer is Kezhijie, product number is Point-MS); Sika retarder H-1 (manufacturer is Sika, product number is POWDER P).
  • This preparation example is used for the modified chitosan and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention.
  • the preparation of the modified chitosan is specifically as follows: 3-bromopyruvic acid and chitosan (weight average molecular weight is 2000) are dissolved in butyl acetate according to a molar ratio of 1:0.1, and 0.05wt% of Ziegler-Natta catalyst is added, and stirred at 90°C for reaction. After 6 hours, the mixture was filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified chitosan.
  • This preparation example is used for the modified chitosan and preparation method thereof provided by the present invention.
  • the preparation of the modified chitosan is specifically as follows: 2,3-dibromosuccinic acid and chitosan (weight average molecular weight is 7000) are dissolved in butyl acetate according to a molar ratio of 1:0.5, and 0.12wt% of Ziegler-Natta catalyst is added. After stirring and reacting at 90°C for 6h, the reaction is filtered, washed and dried to obtain the modified chitosan.
  • This preparation example is used for the modified chitosan and its preparation method provided by the present invention.
  • the preparation method is as follows: 3-bromopropionic acid and chitosan (weight average molecular weight of 5000) are dissolved in butyl acetate in a molar ratio of 1:1, and 0.2wt% of Ziegler-Natta catalyst is added. After stirring at 90°C for 6h, the mixture is filtered, washed and dried to obtain modified chitosan.
  • modified chitosan was prepared according to the method provided in Preparation Example 1, except that chitosan (weight average molecular weight: 2000) was replaced by chitosan (weight average molecular weight: 7000) in an equal molar amount, and other conditions were the same.
  • This example is used to illustrate the slow-setting water-reducing agent provided by the present invention and its preparation method.
  • the components and contents of the slow-setting water-reducing agent are specifically: 19.5 parts by mass of the modified chitosan provided in Preparation Example 1, 0.4 parts by mass of an air entraining agent, 0.1 parts by mass of a water retaining agent and 80 parts by mass of a polycarboxylic acid.
  • the preparation of the slow-setting water reducer specifically includes: taking the modified chitosan, air entraining agent and water retaining agent according to the above mass parts, adding them into the polycarboxylic acid and stirring them evenly to obtain the slow-setting water reducer.
  • This example is used to illustrate a slow-setting water reducing agent and its preparation method.
  • the components and contents of the slow-setting water reducing agent are specifically: 49.5 parts by weight of the modified chitosan provided in Preparation Example 1, 0.3 parts by weight of an air entraining agent, 0.2 parts by weight of a water retaining agent, and 50 parts by weight of a polycarboxylic acid.
  • the preparation of the slow-setting water reducer specifically includes: taking the modified chitosan, air entraining agent and water retaining agent according to the above mass parts, adding them into the polycarboxylic acid and stirring them evenly to obtain the slow-setting water reducer.
  • This example is used to illustrate a slow-setting water reducing agent and its preparation method.
  • the components and contents of the slow-setting water reducing agent are specifically: 29.2 parts by mass of the modified chitosan provided in Preparation Example 3, 0.4 parts by mass of an air entraining agent, 0.4 parts by mass of a water retaining agent, and 70 parts by mass of a polycarboxylic acid.
  • the preparation of the slow-setting water reducer specifically includes: taking the modified chitosan, air entraining agent and water retaining agent according to the above mass parts, adding them into the polycarboxylic acid and stirring them evenly to obtain the slow-setting water reducer.
  • This example is used to illustrate a slow-setting water reducing agent and its preparation method.
  • the components and contents of the slow-setting water reducing agent are specifically: 19.5 parts by mass of the modified chitosan provided in Preparation Example 4, 0.4 parts by mass of an air entraining agent, 0.1 parts by mass of a water retaining agent, and 80 parts by mass of a polycarboxylic acid.
  • the preparation of the slow-setting water reducer specifically includes: taking the modified chitosan, air entraining agent and water retaining agent according to the above mass parts, adding them into the polycarboxylic acid and stirring them evenly to obtain the slow-setting water reducer.
  • a slow-setting water-reducing agent was prepared according to the method provided in Example 1, except that the modified chitosan provided in Preparation Example 1 was replaced by the modified chitosan provided in Preparation Example 5 in equal parts by weight, and other conditions were the same.
  • the comparative example provides a water reducing agent, which is prepared by uniformly mixing 40 parts by mass of PCE-S with 60 parts by mass of water.
  • This comparative example is prepared according to the method provided in Example 1, except that An equal amount of Sika retarder H-1 was used to replace the modified chitosan provided in Preparation Example 1, and other conditions were the same.
  • This comparative example prepares a slow-setting water-reducing agent according to the method provided in Example 1, except that the modified chitosan provided in Preparation Example 1 is replaced by an equal amount of polycarboxylic acid, and other conditions are the same.
  • This comparative example is used to illustrate a slow-setting water-reducing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the specific components and their weight parts are: 19.5 weight parts of modified chitosan, 0.4 weight parts of air entraining agent, 0.1 weight parts of water-retaining agent and 80 weight parts of polycarboxylic acid.
  • the preparation of the slow-setting water-reducing agent specifically comprises: taking the modified chitosan, air entraining agent and water-retaining agent according to the above weight parts, adding them to the polycarboxylic acid and stirring them evenly to obtain the slow-setting water-reducing agent.
  • the preparation of modified chitosan includes: taking propionic acid and chitosan (weight average molecular weight of 2000) to react according to the molar ratio of 1:0.1, firstly adding chitosan to acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 75% for ultrasonic dispersion for 25 minutes, then adding propionic acid, stirring for reaction for 45 minutes, filtering, washing and drying to obtain modified chitosan.
  • the modified chitosan provided by the present invention can cooperate with polycarboxylic acid to achieve better water reduction effect, slow setting effect and collapse retention effect, and has good application prospects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于建筑材料的技术领域,公开了一种改性壳聚糖及其制备方法、缓凝型减水剂和应用。本发明提供的改性壳聚糖为壳聚糖分子链上键连有类氨基酸螯合型结构的化合物,该类氨基酸螯合型结构可与壳聚糖本身空间立体结构的位阻效应协同发挥作用,该改性壳聚糖的添加可使早期混凝土浆体中金属离子浓度处于动态平衡状态,起到降低早期水化速率的效果;并且该改性壳聚糖分子链上还保留一定量的羟基,能够在螯合金属离子的同时吸附大量的水,进而促进混凝土后期水化反应的进行。本发明提供的改性壳聚糖与聚羧酸等其他组分复配所得的减水剂兼具优秀的减水性能、缓凝性能和保坍性能,应用前景良好。

Description

一种改性壳聚糖及其制备方法、缓凝型减水剂和应用
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2023年12月18日提交中国专利局的申请号为202311736218.9、名称为《一种改性壳聚糖及其制备方法、缓凝型减水剂和应用》的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料的技术领域,尤其涉及一种改性壳聚糖及其制备方法、缓凝型减水剂和应用。
背景技术
聚羧酸减水剂作为现有混凝土中常用的化学外加剂,由于其所具有的其低掺量、高减水、分子结构可设计、绿色环保等优点而被广泛应用。但是,聚羧酸减水剂与混凝土之间所存在的交互作用,会影响水泥浆体的流动性质,并造成水泥浆体的不正常凝结。目前,通过在聚羧酸减水剂中添加壳聚糖、聚醚等缓凝物质,以期改善由于聚羧酸减水剂的加入所导致的混凝土浆体流动性质劣化的问题。
然而,在实际使用中,壳聚糖、聚醚等物质的加入在一定程度上可以缓解聚羧酸减水剂对于混凝土浆体的影响,但是以上物质同样往往也会与混凝土中水泥、机制砂、矿物掺合料(粉煤灰、矿粉等)之间产生适应性问题,进而对混凝土的性能(如水化凝结、固化性能、强度以及硬度等力学性能)造成不利影响,亦或影响聚羧酸的减水效果,极大地制约了聚羧酸减水剂的应用。因此,有必要开发出适应性更强的缓凝物质以满足现实需求。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于解决现有技术中缓凝剂的加入给聚羧酸减水效果以及混凝土性能所带来的不利影响,从而获得一种兼具优秀的减水性能、缓凝性能和保坍性能的改性壳聚糖。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种改性壳聚糖的制备方法。
本发明的第三目的在于提供通过以上方法制备得到的改性壳聚糖。
本发明的第四目的在于提供一种缓凝型减水剂。
本发明的第五目的在于提供改性壳聚糖和/或缓凝型减水剂在建筑领域中的应用。
具体的,所述改性壳聚糖为壳聚糖分子链上键连有类氨基酸螯合型结构的化合物,所述改性壳聚糖的结构中包括式(1)所示的结构单元一、式(2)所示的结构单元二和式(3)所示结构单元三中的至少一种;
式(1)~(3)中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立地为羰基、C1~C4的亚烷基、C1~C4的卤代亚烷基、C1~C4的亚羧酸基团、C1~C4的卤代亚羧酸基团、C1~C4的亚酰基或C1~C4的卤代亚酰基。在一些具体的实施方式中,式(1)~(3)中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立地为-CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CH2CO-、-CH2CH2-、-CH[CH2(Cl)COOH]-或-CH[CH2(Br)COOH]-。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述壳聚糖为低聚壳聚糖和/或高聚壳聚糖。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述改性壳聚糖的重均分子量为300~50000,分子量分布为1.2~1.35。
本发明提供的改性壳聚糖的制备方法包括:取壳聚糖与卤代羧酸于催化剂的作用下进行卤代羧酸化反应,得到所述改性壳聚糖。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述壳聚糖的重均分子量为300~50000。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述卤代羧酸选自3-氯丙酮酸、3-溴丙酮酸、 2-二氯丁二酸、2,3-二氯丁二酸、3-氯丙酸和3-溴丙酸中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述催化剂选自Ziegler-Natta催化剂、MOFs催化剂和氧化铜催化剂中的一种或多种。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述壳聚糖与卤代羧酸的投加摩尔比为(0.01~2):1。
在一些具体的实施方式中,以所述壳聚糖与卤代羧酸的总摩尔量为基准,所述催化剂的添加量为0.01~0.5wt%。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述卤代羧酸化反应的温度为85~95℃,时间为4~10h。
本发明提供了通过以上方法制备得到的改性壳聚糖。
本发明提供的缓凝型减水剂包括以上改性壳聚糖。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述缓凝型减水剂还包括聚羧酸、引气剂和保水剂。
在一些具体的实施方式中,所述缓凝型减水剂中改性壳聚糖的含量为15~50质量份,聚羧酸的含量为50~80质量份,引气剂的含量为0.1~0.5质量份,保水剂的含量为0.1~0.5质量份。
本发明还提供了以上壳聚糖和/或缓凝型减水剂在建筑领域中的应用。
本发明通过在壳聚糖的基本分子链结构中引入类氨基酸螯合型结构,从而获得一种改性壳聚糖,以该改性壳聚糖作为缓凝剂,与聚羧酸等其他组分复配所得的减水剂兼具优秀的减水性能、缓凝性能和保坍性能,应用前景良好。推测本发明所提供的改性壳聚糖具有以上优良性状的原因为:壳聚糖分子链结构所引入的类氨基酸螯合型结构,可与壳聚糖本身空间立体结构的位阻效应协同发挥作用,赋予该改性壳聚糖以良好的与混凝土浆体中所溶出的钙、铝、镁等金属离子进行螯合的能力以及一定的减水分散效果,使得添加有改性壳聚糖的早期混凝土浆体中金属离子浓度能够处于动态平衡状态,从而降低早期水化速率;并且由于改性壳聚糖还保留一定量的羟基,使得改性壳聚糖能够在螯合金属离子的同时吸附大量的水,从而促进混凝土后期水化反应的进行。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的改性壳聚糖为壳聚糖分子链上键连有类氨基酸螯合型结构的化合物,所述改性壳聚糖的结构中包括式(1)所示的结构单元一、式(2)所示的结构单元二和式(3)所示结构单元三中的至少一种;
式(1)~(3)中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立地为羰基、C1~C4的亚烷基、C1~C4的卤代亚烷基、C1~C4的亚羧酸基团、C1~C4的卤代亚羧酸基团、C1~C4的亚酰基或C1~C4的卤代亚酰基。其中,C1~C4的亚烷基的实例包括但不限于:-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、-CH2CH2CH2-、-C(CH3)2-或-CH2CH2CH2CH2-。C1~C4的卤代亚烷基的实例包括但不限于:-CH(Cl)-、-CH(Br)CH2-、-C[Br(CH3)]-、-CH(Br)CH2CH2-、-C[CH2(Cl)CH3]-或-CH2CH2CH(Br)CH2-。C1~C4的亚羧酸基团的实例包括但不限于:-CH(COOH)-、-CH2CH(COOH)-或-CH(CH3)CH(COOH)-。C2~C4的亚酰基的实例包括但不限于:-CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CO-、-CH(CH3)CO-、-CH2CH2CH2CO-或-C(CH3)2CO-。C2~C4的卤代亚酰基的实例包括但不限于:-CH(Br)CO-、-CH2CH(Cl)CO-或-CH(CH3)CH(Br)CO-。在一些优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立地为-CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CH2CO-、-CH2CH2-、-CH[CH2(Cl)COOH]-或-CH[CH2(Br)COOH]-。
本发明提供的改性壳聚糖的结构中还可以包括式(4)所示的结构单元四、式(5)所示的结构单元五、式(6)所示的结构单元六和式(7)所示的结构单元七中的一种或多种:
式(5)~(7)中,R7、R8、R9和R10独立地为羰基、C1~C4的亚烷基、C1~C4的卤代亚烷基、C1~C4的亚羧酸基团、C1~C4的卤代亚羧酸基团、C1~C4的亚酰基或C1~C4的卤代亚酰基。其中,C1~C4的亚烷基的实例包括但不限于:-CH2-、-CH2CH2-、-CH(CH3)-、-CH2CH2CH2-、-C(CH3)2-或-CH2CH2CH2CH2-。C1~C4的卤代亚烷基的实例包括但不限于:-CH(Cl)-、-CH(Br)CH2-、-C[Br(CH3)]-、-CH(Br)CH2CH2-、-C[CH2(Cl)CH3]-或-CH2CH2CH(Br)CH2-。C1~C4的亚羧酸基团的实例包括但不限于:-CH(COOH)-、-CH2CH(COOH)-或-CH(CH3)CH(COOH)-。C2~C4的亚酰基的实例包括但不限于:-CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CO-、-CH(CH3)CO-、-CH2CH2CH2CO-或-C(CH3)2CO-。C2~C4的卤代亚酰基的实例包括但不限于:-CH(Br)CO-、-CH2CH(Cl)CO-或-CH(CH3)CH(Br)CO-。在一些优选的实施方式中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立地为-CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CH2CO-、-CH2CH2-、-CH[CH2(Cl)COOH]-或-CH[CH2(Br)COOH]-。
在本发明中,结构单元一、结构单元二、结构单元三、结构单元四、结构单元五、结构单元六以及结构单元七中的“一”、“二”、“三”、“四”、“五”、“六”和“七”仅仅是为了进行区分以便于描述,无其他特殊含义。
在本发明中,不对改性壳聚糖结构中结构单元一、结构单元二、结构单元三、结构单元四、结构单元五、结构单元六以及结构单元七的比例加以特别的限定,也即本发明中所提供的改性壳聚糖结构中的结构单元一、结构单元二、结构单元三、结构单元四、结构单元五、结构单元六以及结构单元七的比例可 以是1:2:1:1:3:6:2、2:5:9:3:1:1:1、9:1:8:2:1:7、100:5:135:1:4:3:6或其他任意比例值;也不对改性壳聚糖结构中的结构单元一、结构单元二、结构单元三、结构单元四、结构单元五、结构单元六以及结构单元七的分布加以特别的限定,也即本发明中所提供的改性壳聚糖结构中的结构单元一、结构单元二、结构单元三、结构单元四、结构单元五、结构单元六以及结构单元七可以以任意的方式分布。
在本发明中,所述壳聚糖分子的实例包括但不限于:低聚壳聚糖和/或高聚壳聚糖。在一些具体的方式中,所述低聚壳聚糖的聚合度优选为2~20中的任一整数,如2、3、5、8、10、13、15、17、20或它们之间的任意整数。在一些具体的实施方式中,所述高聚壳聚糖的聚合度实例性为21~2000中的任一整数,如21、30、50、100、500、1000、1200、1500、2000或它们之间的任意整数;所述高聚壳聚糖的聚合度优选为21~200。
在本发明中,所述改性壳聚糖的重均分子量优选为300~50000,如300、500、1000、2000、4000、4210、4300、4520、5000、6000、7500、7801、8000、9000、10000、20000、30000、40000、50000或它们之间的任意值。所述改性壳聚糖的分子量分布优选为1.2~1.35,如1.2、1.21、1.24、1.27、1.3、1.33、1.35或它们之间的任意值。
本发明提供的改性壳聚糖的制备方法包括:取壳聚糖与卤代羧酸于催化剂的作用下进行卤代羧酸化反应,得到所述改性壳聚糖
在上述改性壳聚糖的制备中,所述壳聚糖的重均分子量优选为300~50000,如300、500、1000、2000、1000、2000、3000、7500、10000、10200、14600、20000、30000、40000、50000或它们之间的任意值。
在上述改性壳聚糖的制备过程中,所述卤代羧酸为分子中同时含有卤素原子和羧酸的一类化合物,其能够与壳聚糖发生卤代羧酸化反应,该卤代羧酸可以是直接购买获得的,也可以是通过现有常规方法自行制备得到的。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述卤代羧酸的具体实例包括但不限于:3-氯丙酮酸、3-溴丙酮酸、2-二氯丁二酸、2,3-二氯丁二酸、3-氯丙酸和3-溴丙酸中的一种或多种。
在上述改性壳聚糖的制备过程中,所述卤代羧酸化反应定义为:在催化剂的作用下,卤代羧酸脱去卤素原子形成碳正中间体,该碳正中间体进攻壳聚糖上的氨基形成碳氮键并脱去氢离子,以得到至少具有类氨基酸螯合型结构的改性壳聚糖。
在上述改性壳聚糖的制备过程中,所述催化剂为至少能够催化卤代羧酸与壳聚糖分子链上的氨基发生卤代羧酸化反应的一类化合物,其可以是直接购买获得的,也可以是通过现有常规方法自行制备得到的。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述催化剂的具体实例包括但不限于:Ziegler-Natta催化剂、MOFs催化剂和氧化铜催化剂中的一种或多种。
在上述改性壳聚糖的制备过程中,所述壳聚糖与卤代羧酸的投加摩尔比优选为(0.01~2):1,如0.01:1、0.05:1、0.1:1、0.18:1、0.21:1、0.5:1、0.9:1、1.02:1、1.5:1、2:1或它们之间的任意值。
在上述改性壳聚糖的制备过程中,以壳聚糖和卤代羧酸的总摩尔量为基准,所述催化剂的添加量优选为0.01~0.5wt%,如0.01wt%、0.05wt%、0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.35wt%、0.4wt%、0.5wt%或它们之间的任意值。
在上述改性壳聚糖的制备过程中,所述卤代羧酸化反应的条件包括温度优选为85~95℃,如85℃、87℃、88℃、90℃、91℃、92℃、94℃、95℃或它们之间的任意值;时间优选为4~10h,如4h、5h、6h、7h、8h、9h、10h或它们之间的任意值。
本发明还提供通过以上方法制备得到的改性壳聚糖,该改性壳聚糖的结构中具有式(1)所示的结构单元一、式(2)所示的结构单元二和式(3)所示结构单元三中的至少一种;此外,还可以具有式(4)所示的结构单元四、式(5)所示的结构单元五、式(6)所示的结构单元六和式(7)所示的结构单元七中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的缓凝型减水剂包括以上所述改性壳聚糖。在一些优选的实施方式中,所述缓凝型减水剂中优选还包括聚羧酸、引气剂和保水剂。其中,所述聚羧酸为现有减水剂中常使用的试剂;其可以是直接购买获得的,也可以是通过现有常规方法自行制备得到的。所述引气剂的具体实例可以是但不限于:低表面张力的表面活性剂,其加入能够能使混凝土在搅拌过程中产生大量均匀 分布、封闭而稳定的微小气泡;该引气剂可以是直接购买获得的,也可以是通过现有常规方法自行制备得到的。所述保水剂的具体实例可以是但不限于:高吸水性树脂,其加入可以起到提高混凝土抗压强度、抗渗性能以及耐久性的效果;该保水剂剂可以是直接购买获得的,也可以是通过现有常规方法自行制备得到的。
在本发明中,所述缓凝型减水剂中含有改性壳聚糖,优选还含有聚羧酸、引气剂和保水剂。其中,所述改性壳聚糖的含量优选为15~50质量份,如15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50质量份或它们之间的任意值。所述聚羧酸的含量优选为50~80质量份,如50、55、60、65、70、75、80质量份或它们之间的任意值。所述引气剂的含量优选为0.1~0.5质量份,如0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5质量份或它们之间的任意值。所述保水剂的含量优选为0.1~0.5质量份,如0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5质量份或它们之间的任意值。
此外,本发明还提供了所述改性壳聚糖和/或缓凝型减水剂在建筑领域中的应用。
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
以下实施例所用到的原料及来源如下所示:
引气剂(厂家为南京新义合成,货号为XY-A01);保水剂(厂家为宁波中水科,货号为SK-530);聚羧酸(厂家为科之杰,货号为Point-400S);PCE-S(厂家为科之杰,货号为Point-MS);西卡缓凝剂H-1(厂家为西卡,货号为POWDER P)。
制备例1
本制备例用以本发明提供的改性壳聚糖及其制备方法,该改性壳聚糖的制备具体为:按照1:0.1的摩尔比取3-溴丙酮酸和壳聚糖(重均分子量为2000)溶解于乙酸丁酯中,并加入0.05wt%的Ziegler-Natta催化剂,于90℃下搅拌反 应6h后,过滤、洗涤和烘干,得到改性壳聚糖。
经检测,所得改性壳聚糖的红外光谱在1270cm-1附近出现了仲胺的C-N吸收峰;在1600cm-1附近出现了羧酸盐的C=O吸收峰,在1715cm-1附近出现了酮基的吸收峰,可见所得改性壳聚糖的结构中确实引入类氨基酸螯合型结构,且该改性壳聚糖所得改性壳聚糖的重均分子量为4725,分子量分布为1.32。
制备例2
本制备例用以本发明提供的改性壳聚糖及其制备方法,该改性壳聚糖的制备具体为:按照1:1的摩尔比取3-溴丙酮酸和壳聚糖(重均分子量为5000)溶解于乙酸丁酯中,并加入0.15wt%的Ziegler-Natta催化剂,于90℃下搅拌反应6h后,过滤、洗涤和烘干,得到改性壳聚糖。
经检测,所得改性壳聚糖的红外光谱在1270cm-1附近出现了仲胺的C-N吸收峰;在1600cm-1附近出现了羧酸盐的C=O吸收峰,在1715cm-1附近出现了酮基的吸收峰,可见所得改性壳聚糖的结构中确实引入类氨基酸螯合型结构,且该改性壳聚糖的重均分子量为6316,分子量分布为1.32。
制备例3
本制备例用以本发明提供的改性壳聚糖及其制备方法,该改性壳聚糖的制备具体为:按照1:0.5的摩尔比取2,3-二溴丁二酸和壳聚糖(重均分子量为7000)溶解于乙酸丁酯中,并加入0.12wt%的Ziegler-Natta催化剂,于90℃下搅拌反应6h后,过滤、洗涤和烘干,得到改性壳聚糖。
经检测,所得改性壳聚糖的红外光谱在1270cm-1附近出现了仲胺的C-N吸收峰;在1600cm-1附近出现了羧酸盐的C=O吸收峰,可见所得改性壳聚糖的结构中确实引入类氨基酸螯合型结构,且该改性壳聚糖的重均分子量为9182,分子量分布为1.32。
制备例4
本制备例用以本发明提供的改性壳聚糖及其制备方法,该改性壳聚糖的制 备具体为:按照1:1的摩尔比取3-溴丙酸和壳聚糖(重均分子量为5000)溶解于乙酸丁酯中,并加入0.2wt%的Ziegler-Natta催化剂,于90℃下搅拌反应6h后,过滤、洗涤和烘干,得到改性壳聚糖。
经检测,所得改性壳聚糖的红外光谱在1270cm-1附近出现了仲胺的C-N吸收峰;在1600cm-1附近出现了羧酸盐的C=O吸收峰,,可见所得改性壳聚糖的结构中确实引入类氨基酸螯合型结构,且该改性壳聚糖的重均分子量为6182,分子量分布为1.21。
制备例5
本制备例按照制备例1提供的方法制备改性壳聚糖,不同之处在于,以等摩尔量的壳聚糖(重均分子量为7000)代替壳聚糖(重均分子量为2000),其他条件相同。
经检测,所得改性壳聚糖的红外光谱在1270cm-1附近出现了仲胺的C-N吸收峰;在1600cm-1附近出现了羧酸盐的C=O吸收峰,;在1715cm-1附近出现了酮基的C=O吸收峰,可见所得改性壳聚糖的结构中确实引入类氨基酸螯合型结构,且该改性壳聚糖的重均分子量为9750,分子量分布为1.13。
实施例1
本实施例用以说明本发明提供的缓凝型减水剂及其制备方法。该缓凝型减水剂的组分及其含量具体为:19.5质量份的制备例1提供的改性壳聚糖,0.4质量份的引气剂,0.1质量份的保水剂以及80质量份的聚羧酸。
本实施例中,缓凝型减水剂的制备具体包括:按照以上的质量份取改性壳聚糖、引气剂和保水剂加入聚羧酸中并搅拌均匀,即得缓凝型减水剂。
实施例2
本实施例用以说明一种缓凝型减水剂及其制备方法。该缓凝型减水剂的组分及其含量具体为:49.5质量份的制备例1提供的改性壳聚糖,0.3质量份的引气剂,0.2质量份的保水剂以及50质量份的聚羧酸。
本实施例中,缓凝型减水剂的制备具体包括:按照以上的质量份取改性壳聚糖、引气剂和保水剂加入聚羧酸中并搅拌均匀,即得缓凝型减水剂。
实施例3
本实施例用以说明一种缓凝型减水剂及其制备方法。该缓凝型减水剂的组分及其含量具体为:29.2质量份的制备例3提供的改性壳聚糖,0.4质量份的引气剂,0.4质量份的保水剂以及70质量份的聚羧酸。
本实施例中,缓凝型减水剂的制备具体包括:按照以上的质量份取改性壳聚糖、引气剂和保水剂加入聚羧酸中并搅拌均匀,即得缓凝型减水剂。
实施例4
本实施例用以说明一种缓凝型减水剂及其制备方法。该缓凝型减水剂的组分及其含量具体为:19.5质量份的制备例4提供的改性壳聚糖,0.4份质量份的引气剂,0.1份质量份的保水剂以及80质量份的聚羧酸。
本实施例中,缓凝型减水剂的制备具体包括:按照以上的质量份取改性壳聚糖、引气剂和保水剂加入聚羧酸中并搅拌均匀,即得缓凝型减水剂。
实施例5
本实施例按照实施例1提供的方法制备缓凝型减水剂,不同之处在于,以等质量份的制备例5提供的改性壳聚糖代替制备例1提供的改性壳聚糖,其他条件相同。
对比例1
该对比例提供的一种减水剂,该减水剂是通过将40质量份的PCE-S与60质量份的水混合均匀制得的。
对比例2
该对比例按照实施例1提供的方法制备缓凝型减水剂,不同之处在于,以 等质量份的西卡缓凝剂H-1代替制备例1提供的改性壳聚糖,其他条件相同。
对比例3
该对比例按照实施例1提供的方法制备缓凝型减水剂,不同之处在于,以等质量份的聚羧酸代替制备例1提供的改性壳聚糖,其他条件相同。
对比例4
该对比例用以说明一种缓凝型减水剂及其制备方法,其具体组分及其质量份具体为:改性壳聚糖19.5质量份,引气剂0.4质量份,保水剂0.1质量份以及聚羧酸80质量份。该缓凝型减水剂的制备具体包括:按照以上的质量份取改性壳聚糖、引气剂和保水剂加入聚羧酸中并搅拌均匀,即得缓凝型减水剂。
其中,改性壳聚糖的制备包括:按照1:0.1的摩尔比取丙醛酸与壳聚糖(重均分子量为2000)进行反应,首先将壳聚糖加入至质量分数为75%的乙酸溶液中超声分散25min,接着再加入丙醛酸,搅拌反应45min,过滤、洗涤和烘干,得到改性壳聚糖。经检测,所得改性壳聚糖在1270cm-1附近出现了仲胺的C-N吸收峰;在1715cm-1附近出现了酮基的C=O吸收峰;在1740cm-1附近出现了醛基的C=O吸收峰,可见所得壳聚糖的结构中并未引入类氨基酸螯合结构,且该改性壳聚糖的重均分子量为4893,分子量分布为1.32。
测试例
按照表1的配比配制混凝土,并将以上各实施例和对比例所得的减水剂按照0.5%(折固掺量)加入混凝土中,各减水剂具体的用量为使混凝土坍落度在200±10mm,之后根据GB8076-2008《混凝土外加剂》对性能指标进行测试,所得结果见表2。
表1(质量份)
表2
由测试结果可知,相较于对比例1~4,本发明提供的改性壳聚糖能够与聚羧酸协同配合,实现更好的减水效果、缓凝效果以及保坍效果,应用前景良好。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种改性壳聚糖,其特征在于,所述改性壳聚糖为壳聚糖分子链上键连有类氨基酸螯合型结构的化合物,所述改性壳聚糖的结构中包括式(1)所示的结构单元一、式(2)所示的结构单元二和式(3)所示结构单元三中的至少一种;
    式(1)~(3)中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立地为羰基、C1~C4的亚烷基、C1~C4的卤代亚烷基、C1~C4的亚羧酸基团、C1~C4的卤代亚羧酸基团、C2~C4的亚酰基或C2~C4的卤代亚酰基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的改性壳聚糖,其特征在于,式(1)~(3)中,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5和R6独立地为-CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CO-、-CH2CH2CH2CO-、-CH2CH2-、-CH[CH2(Cl)COOH]-或-CH[CH2(Br)COOH]-。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的改性壳聚糖,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖为低聚壳聚糖和/或高聚壳聚糖;
    任选地,所述改性壳聚糖的重均分子量为300~50000,分子量分布为1.2~1.35。
  4. 一种改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:取壳聚糖与卤代羧酸于催化剂的作用下进行卤代羧酸化反应,得到所述改性壳聚糖。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述壳 聚糖的重均分子量为300~50000;
    任选地,所述卤代羧酸选自3-氯丙酮酸、3-溴丙酮酸、2-二氯丁二酸、2,3-二氯丁二酸、3-氯丙酸和3-溴丙酸中的一种或多种;
    任选地,所述催化剂选自Ziegler-Natta催化剂、MOFs催化剂和氧化铜催化剂中的一种或多种;
    任选地,所述壳聚糖与卤代羧酸的投加摩尔比为(0.01~2):1;
    任选地,以所述壳聚糖与卤代羧酸的总摩尔量为基准,所述催化剂的添加量为0.01~0.5wt%。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的改性壳聚糖的制备方法,其特征在于,所述卤代羧酸化反应的温度为85~95℃,时间为4~10h。
  7. 通过权利要求4~6任一所述的制备方法制备得到的改性壳聚糖。
  8. 一种缓凝型减水剂,其特征在于,所述缓凝型减水剂包括权利要求1~3和7任一所述的改性壳聚糖。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的缓凝型减水剂,其特征在于,所述缓凝型减水剂还包括聚羧酸、引气剂和保水剂;
    任选地,所述缓凝型减水剂中改性壳聚糖的含量为15~50质量份,聚羧酸的含量为50~80质量份,引气剂的含量为0.1~0.5质量份,保水剂的含量为0.1~0.5质量份。
  10. 权利要求1~3和7任一所述的改性壳聚糖和/或权利要求8或9所述的缓凝型减水剂在建筑领域中的应用。
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