WO2024255917A1 - 一种地锚施工设备及施工方法 - Google Patents

一种地锚施工设备及施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024255917A1
WO2024255917A1 PCT/CN2024/104687 CN2024104687W WO2024255917A1 WO 2024255917 A1 WO2024255917 A1 WO 2024255917A1 CN 2024104687 W CN2024104687 W CN 2024104687W WO 2024255917 A1 WO2024255917 A1 WO 2024255917A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grouting
nail
anchor
cylinder
reducer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/104687
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谭志国
高鹏
夏灵良
刘俊锋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corp
China Three Gorges Corp
Original Assignee
China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corp
China Three Gorges Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corp, China Three Gorges Corp filed Critical China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corp
Priority to DE112024000106.8T priority Critical patent/DE112024000106T5/de
Publication of WO2024255917A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024255917A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field related to construction engineering, and in particular to a ground anchor construction device and a construction method.
  • Ground anchor is a commonly used device in the field of construction engineering. It can be divided into anchor piles, anchor points, anchor ingots, drag pits, etc. In lifting operations, ground anchors are often used to fix towing ropes, guy ropes, winches, guide pulleys, etc.
  • the existing ground anchor construction method generally includes the following steps: excavation - cushion concrete and reinforcing bar - installation of embedded parts - tying structural steel bars - pouring main concrete - backfilling and compaction of soil, etc.
  • This construction method has complicated procedures and a long construction period, which restricts the rapid advancement of the project progress.
  • ground anchor construction occupies a large part of the construction workload, resulting in low construction efficiency and affecting the progress of the project.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of low construction efficiency and affecting project progress in the prior art of ground anchor construction, thereby providing a ground anchor construction equipment and construction method that can significantly increase construction speed, improve construction efficiency, and facilitate rapid advancement of construction progress.
  • a ground anchor construction device comprising:
  • An anchoring cylinder is arranged in the anchoring cylinder installation hole
  • a plurality of grouting nails are distributed on the wall and bottom plate of the anchoring cylinder;
  • the nailing and grouting machine comprises a body and an arm device, wherein one end of the arm device is hinged to the body, and the other end can be extended into the anchoring cylinder and is provided with a nailing mechanism and a grouting mechanism.
  • the grouting nails are inserted into the cylinder wall and the bottom plate of the anchoring cylinder through the nailing mechanism, and the grouting mechanism grouts the grouting nails to connect the anchoring cylinder and the inner wall of the anchoring cylinder mounting hole.
  • the grouting nail comprises a main body, in which a grouting channel and an on-off control component for controlling the on-off of the grouting channel are arranged.
  • the on-off control assembly includes a check valve rod, a grouting nail elastic element and a cover, the control end of the check valve rod is pluggably connected to the grouting channel, and the check valve rod is away from the
  • the grouting nail elastic element is arranged between one end of the control end and the cover, and the cover is detachably connected to the body.
  • the insertion and extraction direction of the check valve rod is perpendicular to the axial direction of the grouting channel.
  • control end has a sloped pressure surface, and the angle between the sloped pressure surface and the grouting direction of the grouting nail is an obtuse angle.
  • the grouting channel has a plurality of grout outlets.
  • the nail shooting mechanism and the grouting mechanism are arranged on a first turntable, and the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder is connected to the first turntable through a primary rotating mechanism, a secondary rotating mechanism and a tertiary rotating mechanism in sequence.
  • the primary slewing mechanism includes a primary slewing motor and a reducer, a planetary gear and a slewing gear.
  • the primary slewing motor and the reducer are arranged at the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder.
  • the rotating shaft of the planetary gear is connected to the output shaft of the primary slewing motor and the reducer, and the slewing gear is meshed with the planetary gear.
  • the secondary rotary mechanism comprises a secondary rotary motor and a reducer and a connecting rod, wherein the secondary rotary motor and the reducer are arranged on the connecting rod, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the rotating shaft of the planetary gear, and the secondary rotary motor and the reducer drive the connecting rod to swing;
  • the three-stage rotating mechanism includes a three-stage rotating motor and a reducer, which are arranged at the other end of the connecting rod, and the output shafts of the three-stage rotating motor and the reducer are connected to the rotating shaft of the first turntable.
  • the nail-shooting mechanism includes a nail-setting assembly and a nail-shooting assembly
  • the nail-setting assembly includes a second turntable
  • the nail-setting assembly is arranged on the first turntable through a four-stage rotating mechanism
  • the four-stage rotating mechanism includes a four-stage rotating motor and a reducer
  • the rotating shaft of the second turntable is connected to the output shaft of the four-stage rotating motor and the reducer
  • the second turntable has a plurality of grouting nail setting positions, and the grouting nails are clamped in the grouting nail setting positions.
  • the nail assembly includes an air tank, a piston plunger, a nail air inlet pipe, a nail elastic element, an air inlet valve and a pressure-controlled air valve.
  • the air tank is arranged on the first surface of the first turntable, and the piston plunger is telescopically arranged in the air tank.
  • the force-applying end of the piston plunger can pass through the first turntable and hit the grouting nail to make it disengage from the grouting nail setting position.
  • the two ends of the nail elastic element are in contact with the load-bearing end of the piston plunger and the bottom of the air tank.
  • the nail air inlet pipe is connected to the air inlet of the air tank.
  • the air inlet valve is arranged at the air inlet.
  • the pressure-controlled air valve is used to open the air tank to the load-bearing end. Apply force.
  • a safety valve is also provided on the gas storage tank.
  • the axial direction of the piston plunger is parallel to the axial direction of the first turntable.
  • the grouting mechanism includes a grouting pipe, a grouting sleeve, a sealing air bag, a grouting air inlet pipe and a small air tank.
  • One end of the grouting sleeve is arranged on the second surface of the first turntable, and the other end of the grouting sleeve is provided with the sealing air bag.
  • the sealing air bag has a mounting hole suitable for inserting the grouting nail.
  • the grouting pipe is connected to the inside of the grouting sleeve, and the grouting air inlet pipe is connected to the small air tank.
  • the small air tank is used to inflate the sealing air bag.
  • a video monitoring mechanism is provided on the first surface of the first turntable, and the video monitoring mechanism includes a camera.
  • a construction method using the above-mentioned ground anchor construction equipment comprises:
  • a plurality of grouting nails are arranged on the wall and bottom plate of the anchoring cylinder by means of a nailing mechanism;
  • Grouting is injected into the grouting nail by a grouting mechanism, so that the anchoring tube and the inner wall of the anchoring tube installation hole are connected;
  • Grouting is performed on the gap between the outer wall of the anchoring tube and the inner wall of the anchoring tube installation hole.
  • the ground anchor construction equipment provided by the present invention includes an anchor tube, a plurality of grouting nails and a nailing and grouting machine, wherein the nailing and grouting machine includes a fuselage and an arm device, one end of the arm device is hinged to the fuselage, and the other end can be extended into the anchor tube and is provided with a nailing mechanism and a grouting mechanism, the grouting nails are inserted into the side wall and bottom plate of the anchor tube through the nailing mechanism, and the grouting mechanism grouts the grouting nails to connect the anchor tube and the inner wall of the anchor tube mounting hole.
  • the nailing and grouting machine includes a fuselage and an arm device, one end of the arm device is hinged to the fuselage, and the other end can be extended into the anchor tube and is provided with a nailing mechanism and a grouting mechanism, the grouting nails are inserted into the side wall and bottom plate of the anchor tube through the nailing mechanism, and the grouting mechanism grouts the grouting nails to connect the anchor tube and the inner wall of the anchor tube mounting hole
  • This ground anchor construction equipment can realize rapid ground anchor construction, greatly improve construction efficiency and greatly reduce costs, and this ground anchor construction equipment can be designed and constructed in a unified and standardized manner, simplifying the design and calculation of anchor points, improving the reliability of anchor point design and construction, and improving the safety of subsequent construction.
  • the grouting nail comprises a body, a grouting channel is arranged in the body, And an on-off control component for controlling the on-off of a grouting channel, the on-off control component comprises a check valve stem, a grouting nail elastic element and a cover, the control end of the check valve stem is pluggably connected to the grouting channel, a grouting nail elastic element is arranged between the end of the check valve stem away from the control end and the cover, and the cover is detachably connected to the body.
  • This grouting nail contains fewer parts, has a simple structure, is sturdy and durable, and has good reliability.
  • the anchor construction equipment provided by the present invention has a control end of the check valve rod having a sloped pressure surface, and the angle between the sloped pressure surface and the grouting direction of the grouting nail is an obtuse angle.
  • the grouting nails have multiple grouting outlets, which can realize grouting from multiple angles, and bond the grouting nails to the surrounding rock surface and gaps, thereby forming a larger overall combined force together with the anchor tube.
  • the nail shooting mechanism and the grouting mechanism are arranged on the first turntable, and the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder is connected to the first turntable through the primary slewing mechanism, the secondary slewing mechanism and the tertiary slewing mechanism in sequence.
  • the construction method provided by the present invention includes forming an anchor tube installation hole; installing the anchor tube into the anchor tube installation hole; setting a plurality of grouting nails on the side wall and the bottom plate of the anchor tube by a nailing mechanism; injecting grout into the grouting nails by a grouting mechanism to connect the anchor tube and the inner wall of the anchor tube installation hole; injecting grout into the gap between the outer wall of the anchor tube and the inner wall of the anchor tube installation hole.
  • This construction method has simple procedures, greatly improves efficiency, and greatly reduces costs. It is convenient for the rapid construction and rapid commissioning of ground anchors, and can achieve the effects of mechanized, rapid, and high-standard construction. Moreover, this construction method is convenient and flexible to apply and arrange in batches, and the application scenarios are very wide and flexible.
  • FIG1 is an overall schematic diagram of the ground anchor construction equipment of the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a grouting nail in the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end portion of the arm device of the nailing and grouting machine in the present invention.
  • Grouting nail 301. Body; 302. Grouting channel; 303. Check valve stem; 304. Grouting nail elastic element; 305. Cover; 306. Slope pressure surface; 307. Grout outlet; 308. Top cap; 309. Sealing ring;
  • first rotating disk 501. first surface; 502. second surface;
  • 601 primary rotary motor and reducer; 602, planetary gear; 603, rotary gear;
  • 901 gas storage tank; 902, piston plunger; 903, nail shooting air inlet pipe; 904, nail shooting elastic element; 905, air inlet valve; 906, pressure-controlled air valve; 907, safety valve;
  • ground anchor construction equipment As shown in Fig. 1, it is a preferred embodiment of the ground anchor construction equipment of the present invention.
  • This ground anchor construction equipment is used for ground anchor construction, can realize the rapid construction of ground anchors, has high construction efficiency and low cost, and this ground anchor construction equipment can be designed and constructed in a unified and standardized manner, simplifies the design and calculation of anchor points, improves the reliability of anchor point design and construction, and improves the safety of subsequent construction.
  • the ground anchor construction equipment includes an anchor barrel 1, a plurality of grouting nails 3 and a nailing and grouting machine, wherein the anchor barrel 1 is arranged in the anchor barrel mounting hole 2; the plurality of grouting nails 3 are distributed on the barrel wall and the bottom plate of the anchor barrel 1; the nailing and grouting machine includes a fuselage 401 and an arm device, one end of the arm device is hinged to the fuselage 401, and the other end can be extended into the anchor barrel 1 and is provided with a nailing mechanism and a grouting mechanism, the grouting nails 3 are inserted into the barrel wall and the bottom plate of the anchor barrel 1 through the nailing mechanism, and the grouting mechanism grouts the grouting nails 3 to connect the anchor barrel 1 and the inner wall of the anchor barrel mounting hole 2.
  • the anchor tube 1 is formed by drilling a hole, and the shape of the anchor tube 1 is preferably cylindrical.
  • the anchor tube is manufactured according to a size slightly smaller than the diameter of the pre-designed anchor tube installation hole 2.
  • the purpose of the diameter of the anchor tube 1 being slightly smaller than the diameter of the anchor tube installation hole 2 is, on the one hand, to facilitate installation, and on the other hand, to reserve a certain gap space for contact grouting outside the tube.
  • the gap cannot be too large, which will increase the amount of grouting slurry used and weaken the pull-out bearing capacity of the anchor foundation.
  • the anchor tube 1 includes an anchor tube cover, and the lower part of the anchor tube cover corresponds to the outer wall of the anchor tube 1 and the inner wall of the anchor tube installation hole 2.
  • Grouting holes and grouting exhaust holes for grouting are respectively opened on the lower part of the anchor tube cover corresponding to the outer wall of the anchor tube 1 and the inner wall of the anchor tube installation hole 2, so as to discharge the pressure inside the grouting and grouting.
  • the grouting hole can be connected to the nail grouting machine through the grouting pipe facing outward, and the grouting guide pipe is connected inside.
  • the anchor tube cover and the corresponding tube top are both provided with matching threads, so as to ensure that the anchor tube cover and the anchor tube are tightly combined by screwing, and ensure the working effect of the anchor airbag.
  • a number of grouting nail holes with hole diameters matching the diameter of the nails are arranged on the circumference of the anchor cylinder wall and the bottom plate to facilitate the installation of grouting nails.
  • the shape of the anchor cylinder may be a bowling ball shape that is thick at the bottom and thin at the top.
  • the bowling ball-shaped anchor cylinder can increase the pull-out resistance when the cylinder diameter is large and the grouting nail is of sufficient length.
  • the grouting nail 3 includes a body 301, in which a grouting channel 302 and an on-off control component for controlling the on-off of the grouting channel 302 are arranged.
  • the grouting nail 3 is a pointed cylindrical structure as a whole, and a top cap 308 and a sealing ring 309 are arranged at the tail.
  • the sealing ring 309 is sleeved at the tail of the body 301, and the top cap 308 can limit the sealing ring 309 to prevent the sealing ring 309 from falling off the body 301.
  • a grouting channel 302 is arranged in the body 301 along its axial direction.
  • the grouting channel 302 is a channel for slurry circulation, and has a slurry inlet and a slurry outlet 307.
  • the slurry enters from the slurry inlet and flows out from the slurry outlet 307.
  • a plurality of slurry outlets 307 are arranged, and preferably a plurality of slurry outlets 307 are arranged at an angle, so that grouting can be realized from multiple angles, and the grouting nail is bonded to the surrounding rock surface and gaps, thereby forming a larger overall joint force with the anchor tube.
  • the on-off control component is a check valve.
  • a check valve cavity is provided in the middle of the grouting channel 302.
  • the on-off control component is provided in the check valve cavity for opening the grouting channel 302 to allow the slurry to flow, or closing the grouting channel 302 to prevent the slurry from flowing.
  • the on-off control assembly includes a check valve stem 303, a grouting nail elastic element 304 and a cover 305.
  • the control end of the check valve stem 303 is pluggably connected to the grouting channel 302.
  • the grouting nail elastic element 304 is arranged between the end of the check valve stem 303 away from the control end and the cover 305.
  • the cover 305 is detachably connected to the body 301. It is preferably a spring, and the outer wall of the cover 305 has a thread.
  • the spring and the check valve stem 303 are sealed in the check valve cavity by a detachable, threaded cover 305.
  • the check valve stem 303 In the non-grouting state, the check valve stem 303 is pushed into the grouting channel 302 by the spring to close the grouting channel 302.
  • the control end of the check valve stem 303 is set in the form of a sloped pressure surface, and the angle between the sloped pressure surface 306 and the grouting direction of the grouting nail 3 (as shown by the arrow in Figure 2) is an obtuse angle. In this embodiment, the angle is 135°.
  • the insertion and extraction direction of the check valve rod 303 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the grouting channel 302, so as to reliably realize the on-off control of the grouting channel.
  • the nailing and grouting machine includes a control and power device, a boom device, an arm head operating device, etc.
  • the control and power device is composed of a driver's cab 402, an electric control cabinet 403, an engine 404, a hydraulic pump 405, a hydraulic box 406, a pulping machine 407, an air pump 408, etc.
  • the driver's cab 402 is used to control the nailing and grouting process
  • the electric control cabinet 403 is used to supply power and control signals to the equipment
  • the engine 404 is used to provide power to the equipment
  • the hydraulic box 406 and the hydraulic pump 405 are used to provide hydraulic power to the equipment
  • the pulping machine 407 is used to provide slurry for grouting to the equipment
  • the air pump 408 is used to provide compressed air to the equipment.
  • the boom device is composed of a boom 409 at the rear end and a cylinder telescopic boom 410 at the front end.
  • the boom structure such as the intermediate boom can be added as needed.
  • the front end adopts a cylinder telescopic boom mainly for the convenience of well construction.
  • the boom 409 is a common steel structure boom; the rear of the cylinder telescopic boom 410 is hinged to the boom 409, and the angle of the cylinder telescopic boom 410 is adjusted by the variable amplitude cylinder attached to the boom 409; the cylinder telescopic boom 410 has a cylinder telescopic rod (i.e., cylinder rod 411) structure inside, and a boom-type steel structure is adopted outside to realize that the cylinder telescopic boom bears the structural force outside, and the telescopic action is realized by the telescopic cylinder rod 411 at the front.
  • a cylinder telescopic rod i.e., cylinder rod 4111
  • the boom head operating device i.e., the nailing mechanism and the grouting mechanism arranged at the end of the boom device extending into the anchoring tube 1, is to meet the requirements of multi-dimensional construction in the well slot.
  • the nailing mechanism and the grouting mechanism are arranged on the first turntable 5, and the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder 1 is connected to the first turntable 5 through the primary slewing mechanism, the secondary slewing mechanism and the tertiary slewing mechanism in sequence.
  • the end of the arm device extending into the anchor cylinder 1 is the end of the cylinder rod 411 entering the anchor cylinder 1.
  • the primary slewing mechanism includes a primary slewing motor and reducer 601, a planetary gear 602 and a slewing gear 603.
  • the primary slewing motor and reducer 601 is arranged at the end of the boom device extending into the anchor cylinder 1.
  • the rotating shaft of the planetary gear 602 is connected to the output shaft of the primary slewing motor and reducer 601, and the slewing gear 603 is meshed with the planetary gear 602.
  • the axial direction of the output shaft of the primary slewing motor and reducer 601 is parallel to the axial direction of the oil cylinder rod 411, and the rotating shaft of the slewing gear 603 is parallel to or coincides with the axial direction of the oil cylinder rod 411.
  • the primary slewing motor and reducer 601 drives the planetary gear 602 to rotate, and the planetary gear 602 is meshed with the slewing gear 603, so that the slewing gear 603 rotates.
  • the secondary rotary mechanism includes a secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 and a connecting rod 702.
  • the secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 is arranged on the connecting rod 702.
  • One end of the connecting rod 702 is hinged to the rotating shaft of the planetary gear 602.
  • the secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 drives the connecting rod 702 to swing.
  • the output shaft of the secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the oil cylinder rod 411.
  • One end of the connecting rod 702 is hinged to the rotating shaft of the planetary gear 602.
  • the secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 can drive the connecting rod 702 to swing in a vertical plane to achieve a change in the articulation angle.
  • the three-stage rotary mechanism includes a three-stage rotary motor and a reducer 8, which are arranged at the other end of the connecting rod 702, and the output shaft of the three-stage rotary motor and the reducer 8 is connected to the rotating shaft of the first rotating disk 5.
  • the axial direction of the output shaft of the three-stage rotary motor and the reducer 8 coincides with the axial direction of the connecting rod 702, and the three-stage rotary motor and the reducer 8 can drive the first rotating disk 5 to rotate around its rotating shaft.
  • the nail-shooting mechanism is used to place the grouting nails 3 into the wall and bottom plate of the anchor tube 1.
  • the nail-shooting mechanism includes a nail-setting assembly and a nail-shooting assembly.
  • the nail-setting assembly is used to place a number of grouting nails 3 to be used in advance, and the nail-shooting assembly is used to shoot the grouting nails 3 located on the nail-setting assembly into the wall and bottom plate of the anchor tube 1.
  • the nail setting assembly includes a second turntable 11, which has a plurality of grouting nail setting positions.
  • a grouting nail 3 can be arranged on each grouting nail setting position.
  • the axial direction of the grouting nail 3 on the grouting nail setting position is parallel to the axial direction of the first turntable 5.
  • the tail of the grouting nail 3 on the grouting nail setting position can be inserted into the grouting nail setting position. When the tail of the grouting nail is subjected to external force, the grouting nail 3 can be separated from the grouting nail setting position.
  • the nail placement assembly is arranged on the first turntable 5 through a four-stage rotary mechanism, and the four-stage rotary mechanism includes a four-stage rotary motor and a reducer 10.
  • the rotating shaft of the second turntable 11 is connected to the output shaft of the four-stage rotary motor and the reducer 10.
  • the axial direction of the four-stage rotary motor and the reducer 10 is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the first turntable 5.
  • the four-stage rotary motor and the reducer 10 can drive the second turntable 11 to rotate to realize the replacement of the grouting nail setting position.
  • the arm head operating device adopts a four-axis structure, and of course other multi-axis structures can be selected as needed.
  • One axis is a primary rotary motor and reducer 601, planetary gear 602, rotary gear 603 and other structures connected to the front end of the cylinder rod 411 of the cylinder telescopic arm 410, so as to realize the horizontal rotation of the lower structure around the cylinder rod.
  • the second axis is a secondary rotary motor and reducer 701 connected to the lower part of the rotary gear 603, which is used to realize the swing angle rotation of the lower structure on the vertical plane.
  • the third axis includes a three-stage rotary motor and reducer 8, a first turntable 5, and a nail shooting mechanism and a grouting mechanism installed at different ends of the first turntable 5.
  • the third axis is used to drive the first turntable 5 to rotate around the turntable axis.
  • the fourth axis is used to drive the grouting nail plate (second turntable 11) to rotate to realize the continuous nailing operation of continuously feeding nails.
  • a certain number of grouting nails 3 can be installed in advance on the grouting nail plate.
  • the nail shooting assembly includes an air storage tank 901, a piston plunger 902, a nail shooting air intake pipe 903, a nail shooting elastic element 904, an air intake valve 905 and a pressure-controlled air valve 906.
  • the air storage tank 901 is arranged on the first surface 501 of the first rotating disk 5, and the piston plunger 902 is arranged on the first surface 501 of the first rotating disk 5.
  • the nail elastic element 904 is preferably a spring, and the two ends of the nail elastic element 904 are abutted against the load-bearing end of the piston rod 902 and the bottom of the gas tank 901, the nail air inlet pipe 903 is connected to the air inlet of the gas tank 901, the air inlet valve 905 is arranged at the air inlet, and the pressure-controlled air valve 906 is used to open the gas tank 901 to apply force to the load-bearing end.
  • a safety valve 907 is provided on the gas storage tank 901 , and the axial direction of the piston plunger 902 is parallel to the axial direction of the first rotating disk 5 .
  • the grouting mechanism includes a grouting pipe 1201, a grouting sleeve 1202, a sealing air bag 1203, a grouting air inlet pipe 1204 and a small gas tank 1205.
  • One end of the grouting sleeve 1202 is arranged on the second surface 502 of the first turntable 5, and the other end of the grouting sleeve 1202 is provided with a sealing air bag 1203.
  • the sealing air bag 1203 has a mounting hole suitable for inserting a grouting nail 3.
  • the grouting pipe 1201 is connected to the inside of the grouting sleeve 1202, and the grouting air inlet pipe 1204 is connected to the small gas tank 1205.
  • the small gas tank 1205 is used to inflate the sealing air bag 1203.
  • auxiliary structures are also arranged on the first rotating disk 5, including a simple hook 14 and a video monitoring mechanism, which includes a camera 13 and a fill light.
  • the simple hook 14 is arranged below the center of the first rotating disk 5 to assist the lifting operation.
  • the camera 13 and the fill light are arranged at appropriate positions on the first rotating disk 5 or its upper structure, so that the equipment operator can observe and operate the working surface in the well slot through the camera display arranged in the driver's cab.
  • This embodiment also provides a construction method using the above-mentioned ground anchor construction equipment, including:
  • Step 1 forming an anchor tube mounting hole 2;
  • This step is to quickly form holes.
  • a geological drill or other hole-digging drill is used to quickly form the anchor tube installation hole.
  • ground anchor construction generally used manual or mechanical excavation of the anchor tube installation hole because of the different forms of ground anchors. Obviously, the method of this embodiment is more efficient, especially in the case of batch demand, the advantage is more obvious.
  • Step 2 Install the anchoring tube 1 into the anchoring tube installation hole 2;
  • This step is the installation of the anchor cylinder. After the drilling rig drills the hole, the anchor cylinder is installed in the hole. During installation, care should be taken to keep the gap between the outer wall of the anchor cylinder 1 and the surrounding wall of the anchor cylinder installation hole 2 uniform to ensure the quality of subsequent grouting.
  • Step 3 using a nailing mechanism to set a number of grouting nails 3 on the side wall and bottom plate of the anchoring tube 1;
  • This step is nailing.
  • a number of grouting nail holes are set on the circumference of the anchor tube 1 wall and the bottom plate according to the anchoring force to be achieved.
  • the diameter of the grouting nail hole matches the diameter of the grouting nail 3.
  • the diameter of the grouting nail hole should be slightly larger than the diameter of the grouting nail 3 so that the grouting nail 3 can be smoothly drilled into place.
  • the anchor tube can be manufactured in a standardized way.
  • a standardized number of anchor holes can also be set on the anchor tube.
  • the nail holes are temporarily blocked with removable plugs. Before installation and use, the temporary plugs will be removed and used according to the needs of the site. The unused anchor nail hole plugs are used to prevent leakage during grouting.
  • the operator drives the nail grouting machine to extend the telescopic oil cylinder rod 411 into the installed anchor cylinder 1, adjusts the rotation angle of the multi-axis drive device, aligns the nail assembly with the anchor nail hole to be installed, and turns on the engine 404 and the air pump 408 of the nail grouting machine.
  • the air pressure formed is injected into the air tank 901 through the nail inlet pipe 903. After reaching the set pressure, the safety valve 907 automatically overflows and exhausts, and the air pump 408 stops working.
  • the air pump 408 automatically starts in time according to the air pressure detection situation in the air tank 901 and the control program setting, ensuring that the pressure in the air tank 901 meets the minimum pressure value requirement.
  • the pressure control valve 906 is controlled to quickly release the pressure, and the air pressure quickly pushes the piston plunger 902 out, and the corresponding grouting nail 3 is quickly pushed into the grouting nail hole of the anchor cylinder 1.
  • the sealing ring 309 is fixedly arranged at the tail of the grouting nail 3, when the grouting nail 3 is squeezed into the gap of the grouting nail hole, a part of the sealing ring 309 is also squeezed into the gap between the grouting nail 3 and the anchor nail hole, so that the grouting nail 3 is fixed on the one hand, and the gap is filled on the other hand to avoid leakage during the subsequent grouting process.
  • the system can automatically identify the grouting nail hole on the barrel wall, and then automatically align the new grouting nail hole.
  • the grouting nail disk (the second turntable 11) automatically rotates one grid, aligns the next grouting nail 3 with the piston plunger 902, and after shifting to the new grouting nail hole, the next cycle operation can be carried out.
  • Step 4 inject grout into the grouting nail 3 through the grouting mechanism to connect the anchoring tube 1 and the inner wall of the anchoring tube mounting hole 2;
  • the grouting operation can begin, starting with the grouting nail grouting operation.
  • This step is to fix the grouting nail 3 by injecting a small amount of grouting, so as to anchor the grouting nail 3 and the rock wall (i.e., the inner wall of the anchor tube installation hole 2) firmly.
  • the operator operates the three-stage rotary motor and the reducer 8 to accurately press the grouting sleeve 1202 against the grouting nail 3 on the inner wall of the anchor tube 1 according to the image capture of the camera 13 and the automatic recognition and precise alignment of the background program, and at the same time, insert the exposed part of the grouting nail 3 into the grouting sleeve 1202.
  • the high-pressure gas stored in the small gas tank 1205 on the second turntable 11 will automatically fill the sealing airbag of the grouting sleeve 1202.
  • the sealing airbag 1203 is quickly inflated to tightly wrap the gap between the grouting sleeve 1202 and the grouting nail 3 to avoid leakage during high-pressure grouting.
  • the high-pressure slurry passes through the grouting channel 302, and under the action of high pressure, the check valve stem 303 supported by the grouting nail elastic element 304 against the grouting channel 302 is opened.
  • the slurry passes through the grouting channel 302 and is ejected from the grouting outlet 307, bonding the grouting nail 3 to the surrounding rock surface and gaps, thereby forming a larger overall joint force with the anchor tube 1.
  • the check valve stem 303 returns to its original position under the action of the grouting nail elastic element 304, closing the grouting channel 302. Because the open side of the check valve (i.e., the control end) is a sloped pressure surface, and the other side is a cylindrical surface, the sloped pressure surface will decompose the pressure into The lateral pressure pushes the check valve stem 303 and the grouting nail elastic element 304 to shrink toward the cover 305, thereby opening the check valve and forming a grouting channel.
  • the back surface is a cylindrical surface, it is impossible to form a lateral force under the action of the slurry pressure and push the check valve open.
  • the cover 305 is screwed together to facilitate installation and removal. After removing the cover, the grouting nail elastic element 304 and the check valve stem 303 can be installed, removed or repaired.
  • Step 5 Grouting is performed on the gap between the outer wall of the anchor tube 1 and the inner wall of the anchor tube installation hole 2.
  • grouting is performed outside the cylinder to integrally anchor the anchor cylinder 1 to the rock wall.
  • Grouting is performed outside the cylinder and between the hole walls through the grouting holes and exhaust holes on the anchor cylinder cover.
  • the grouting material preferably has strong permeability, strong fluidity, and strong late bonding strength. This can achieve rapid grouting between the cylinder walls, thereby greatly increasing the pull-out resistance and the pull-out resistance of the anchor point.
  • Grouting is completed when the grouting exhaust hole begins to overflow with grouting.
  • ballast such as concrete, water, stone, etc. can be selectively filled into the cylinder to further increase the pull-out resistance by gravity.
  • a step of connecting the anchor point is also included.
  • Auxiliary devices such as flanges and ear plates are connected between the anchor tube mouth and the tube wall, which can be used as an anchor point.
  • the ground anchor construction equipment and construction method provided in this embodiment can be quickly constructed and put into use. It is simpler than the existing construction method, greatly improves efficiency, greatly reduces costs, and is convenient for rapid construction and rapid use.
  • the ground anchor construction equipment can achieve the effects of mechanization, rapidity, and high-standard construction.
  • the ground anchor construction equipment and construction method provided in this embodiment have the advantages of unification and standardization.
  • the ground anchor construction equipment provided in this embodiment can be designed and constructed in a unified and standardized manner, which simplifies the design and calculation of the anchor point, improves the reliability of the design and construction of the anchor point, and improves the safety of subsequent construction.
  • the ground anchor construction equipment and construction method provided in this embodiment are convenient and flexible to apply and arrange in batches.
  • the pull-out force of the anchor point needs to be increased, it is preferred to increase the number of grouting nails, which effectively reduces the land occupation and facilitates the clustered arrangement of the anchor point.
  • a large pull-out force anchor point is required, it is only necessary to increase the number of anchor points, and the anchor points are connected by a bracket for joint force, and the application scenario is very wide and flexible.

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Abstract

本发明涉及建筑工程相关技术领域，其目的是提供一种地锚施工设备及施工方法。该地锚施工设备包括：锚定筒、若干个注浆钉和打钉注浆机，锚定筒设置于锚定筒安装孔内；若干个注浆钉分布于锚定筒的筒壁和底板上；打钉注浆机包括机身和臂架装置，臂架装置的一端与机身铰接，另一端可伸入锚定筒且设置有射钉机构和注浆机构，注浆钉通过射钉机构置入锚定筒的侧壁，注浆机构向注浆钉注浆使锚定筒和锚定筒安装孔内壁连接。本发明的地锚施工设备及施工方法可实现地锚快速施工，使施工效率大幅度提高、成本大幅度降低，而且可实现统一化、标准化设计和施工，简化了锚定点的设计、计算，提高了锚定点设计和施工的可靠性，提高了后续施工的安全性。

Description

一种地锚施工设备及施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑工程相关技术领域，具体涉及一种地锚施工设备及施工方法。
背景技术
地锚是一种建筑工程领域常用的装置，可分为锚桩、锚点、锚锭、拖拉坑等，在起重作业中常用地锚来固定拖拉绳、缆风绳、卷扬机、导向滑轮等。
现有的地锚施工方法一般包括：开挖-垫层混凝土和插筋-安装埋件-扎结构钢筋-浇筑主体混凝土-土料回填夯实等工序步骤。这种施工方法的工序较为繁琐、施工周期较长，制约了工程进度的快速推进，特别是在部分施工现场，地锚施工占据了施工的很大一部分工作量，导致施工效率低，影响工程进度。
发明内容
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中地锚施工的施工效率较低、影响工程进度的缺陷，从而提供一种能显著提升施工速度、提高施工效率、有利于施工进度快速推进的地锚施工设备及施工方法。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种地锚施工设备，包括：
锚定筒，设置于锚定筒安装孔内；
若干个注浆钉，分布于所述锚定筒的筒壁和底板上；
打钉注浆机，包括机身和臂架装置，所述臂架装置的一端与所述机身铰接，另一端可伸入所述锚定筒且设置有射钉机构和注浆机构，所述注浆钉通过所述射钉机构置入所述锚定筒的筒壁和底板，所述注浆机构向所述注浆钉注浆使所述锚定筒和所述锚定筒安装孔内壁连接。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述注浆钉包括本体，所述本体内设置有注浆道以及控制所述注浆道通断的通断控制组件。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述通断控制组件包括止回阀杆、注浆钉弹性元件和封盖，所述止回阀杆的控制端与所述注浆道可插拔连接，所述止回阀杆远离所述 控制端的一端与所述封盖之间设置所述注浆钉弹性元件，所述封盖与所述本体可拆装连接。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述止回阀杆的插拔方向与所述注浆道的轴向垂直。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述控制端具有斜坡受压面，所述斜坡受压面与所述注浆钉的出浆方向的夹角为钝角。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述注浆道具有多个出浆口。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述射钉机构和所述注浆机构设置于第一转盘上，所述臂架装置伸入所述锚定筒的端部依次通过一级回转机构、次级回转机构和三级回转机构连接所述第一转盘。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述一级回转机构包括一级回转电机及减速器、行星齿轮和回转齿轮，所述一级回转电机及减速器设置于所述臂架装置伸入所述锚定筒的端部，所述行星齿轮的转轴与所述一级回转电机及减速器的输出轴连接，所述回转齿轮与所述行星齿轮啮合；
所述次级回转机构包括次级回转电机及减速器和连接杆，所述次级回转电机及减速器设置于所述连接杆上，所述连接杆的一端与所述行星齿轮的转轴铰接，所述次级回转电机及减速器带动所述连接杆摆动；
所述三级回转机构包括三级回转电机及减速器，所述三级回转电机及减速器设置于所述连接杆的另一端，所述三级回转电机及减速器的输出轴与所述第一转盘的转轴连接。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述射钉机构包括置钉组件和射钉组件，所述置钉组件包括第二转盘，所述置钉组件通过四级回转机构设置于所述第一转盘上，所述四级回转机构包括四级回转电机及减速器，所述第二转盘的转轴与所述四级回转电机及减速器的输出轴连接，所述第二转盘上具有若干个注浆钉设置位，所述注浆钉卡接在所述注浆钉设置位。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述射钉组件包括储气罐、活塞冲杆、射钉进气管、射钉弹性元件、进气阀和压控气阀，所述储气罐设置于所述第一转盘的第一表面上，所述活塞冲杆可伸缩地设置于所述储气罐内，所述活塞冲杆的施力端可穿过所述第一转盘并撞击所述注浆钉使其脱离所述注浆钉设置位，所述射钉弹性元件的两端与所述活塞冲杆的承力端和所述储气罐的底部抵接，所述射钉进气管与所述储气罐的进气口连通，所述进气阀设置于所述进气口处，所述压控气阀用于开启所述储气罐向所述承力端 施力。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述储气罐上还设置有安全阀。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述活塞冲杆的轴向与所述第一转盘的轴向平行。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述注浆机构包括注浆管、注浆套、密封气囊、注浆进气管和小气罐，所述注浆套的一端设置于所述第一转盘的第二表面，所述注浆套的另一端设置有所述密封气囊，所述密封气囊具有适于所述注浆钉插入的安装孔，所述注浆管与所述注浆套内部连通，所述注浆进气管与所述小气罐连通，所述小气罐用于向所述密封气囊充气。
作为地锚施工设备的优选技术方案，所述第一转盘的第一表面上设置有视频监控机构，所述视频监控机构包括摄像头。
一种采用上述地锚施工设备的施工方法，包括：
成型锚定筒安装孔；
将锚定筒安装到所述锚定筒安装孔内；
通过射钉机构在所述锚定筒的筒壁和底板设置若干个注浆钉；
通过注浆机构向所述注浆钉内注浆，使所述锚定筒和所述锚定筒安装孔内壁连接；
对所述锚定筒外壁与所述锚定筒安装孔内壁之间的间隙进行注浆。
作为上述施工方法的优选技术方案，在所述对所述锚定筒外壁与所述锚定筒安装孔之间的间隙进行注浆之后，还包括向所述锚定筒内填充压载物。
作为上述施工方法的优选技术方案，在所述对所述锚定筒外壁与所述锚定筒安装孔之间的间隙进行注浆之后，还包括连接锚点的步骤。
本发明技术方案，具有如下优点：
(1)本发明提供的地锚施工设备，包括锚定筒、若干个注浆钉和打钉注浆机，其中打钉注浆机包括机身和臂架装置，臂架装置的一端与机身铰接，另一端可伸入锚定筒且设置有射钉机构和注浆机构，注浆钉通过射钉机构置入锚定筒的侧壁和底板，注浆机构向注浆钉注浆使锚定筒和锚定筒安装孔内壁连接。这种地锚施工设备可实现地锚快速施工，使施工效率大幅度提高、成本大幅度降低，而且这种地锚施工设备可统一化、标准化设计和施工，简化了锚定点的设计、计算，提高了锚定点设计和施工的可靠性，提高了后续施工的安全性。
(2)本发明提供的地锚施工设备，其中注浆钉包括本体，本体内设置有注浆道以 及控制注浆道通断的通断控制组件，通断控制组件包括止回阀杆、注浆钉弹性元件和封盖，止回阀杆的控制端与注浆道可插拔连接，止回阀杆远离控制端的一端与封盖之间设置注浆钉弹性元件，封盖与本体可拆装连接，这种注浆钉所含零部件较少，结构简单，坚固耐用，可靠性好。
(3)本发明提供的地锚施工设备，止回阀杆的控制端具有斜坡受压面，斜坡受压面与注浆钉的出浆方向的夹角为钝角。当高压浆液通过注浆道，在高压作用下浆液对斜坡受压面施力，使止回阀杆向拔出注浆道的方向移动，使注浆道打开，浆液将穿过注浆道从出浆口喷出，当停止注浆后，浆液不再对斜坡受压面施力，在注浆钉弹性元件的作用下止回阀杆复位，将注浆道封闭。这种注浆钉结构通过设置斜坡受压面，能实现注浆道通断的自动控制，结构可靠性好，而且操作方便。
其中注浆钉的注浆钉具有多个出浆口，能实现从多个角度进行注浆，将注浆钉与周围的岩面和缝隙粘合住，从而与锚定筒一起形成更大的整体联合受力。
(5)本发明提供的地锚施工设备，其中射钉机构和注浆机构设置于第一转盘上，臂架装置伸入锚定筒的端部依次通过一级回转机构、次级回转机构和三级回转机构连接第一转盘。通过设置三个级别的回转机构，能实现射钉过程和注浆过程的多角度、多位置的位置调节，可增强设备操作的灵活性。
(6)本发明提供的施工方法，包括成型锚定筒安装孔；将锚定筒安装到锚定筒安装孔内；通过射钉机构在锚定筒的侧壁和底板设置若干个注浆钉；通过注浆机构向注浆钉内注浆，使锚定筒和锚定筒安装孔内壁连接；对锚定筒外壁与锚定筒安装孔内壁之间的间隙进行注浆。这种施工方法工序简单，效率大幅度提高、成本大幅度降低，方便地锚的快速施工和快速投入使用，可实现机械化、快速性、高标准施工的效果，而且这种施工方法，方便灵活应用以及批量化布置，应用场景非常广泛和灵活。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明地锚施工设备的整体示意图；
图2为本发明中注浆钉的示意图；
图3为本发明中打钉注浆机的臂架装置端部结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1、锚定筒；
2、锚定筒安装孔；
3、注浆钉；301、本体；302、注浆道；303、止回阀杆；304、注浆钉弹性元件；305、封盖；306、斜坡受压面；307、出浆口；308、顶帽；309、密封圈；
401、机身；402、司机室；403、电控柜；404、发动机；405、液压泵；406、液压箱；407、制浆机；408、打气泵；409、大臂；410、油缸伸缩臂；411、油缸杆；
5、第一转盘；501、第一表面；502、第二表面；
601、一级回转电机及减速器；602、行星齿轮；603、回转齿轮；
701、次级回转电机及减速器；702、连接杆；
8、三级回转电机及减速器；
901、储气罐；902、活塞冲杆；903、射钉进气管；904、射钉弹性元件；905、进气阀；906、压控气阀；907、安全阀；
10、四级回转电机及减速器；
11、第二转盘；
1201、注浆管；1202、注浆套；1203、密封气囊；1204、注浆进气管；1205、小气罐；
13、摄像头；
14、简易吊钩。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，是本发明地锚施工设备的优选实施例。这种地锚施工设备用于地锚施工，能实现地锚的快速施工，施工效率高、成本低，而且这种地锚施工设备可统一化、标准化设计和施工，简化了锚定点的设计、计算，提高了锚定点设计和施工的可靠性，提高了后续施工的安全性。
该地锚施工设备包括锚定筒1、若干个注浆钉3和打钉注浆机，其中锚定筒1设置于锚定筒安装孔2；若干个注浆钉3分布于锚定筒1的筒壁和底板上；打钉注浆机包括机身401和臂架装置，臂架装置的一端与机身401铰接，另一端可伸入锚定筒1且设置有射钉机构和注浆机构，注浆钉3通过射钉机构置入锚定筒1的筒壁和底板，注浆机构向注浆钉3注浆使锚定筒1和锚定筒安装孔2内壁连接。
在本实施例中，锚定筒1采用钻机掏孔方式形成，锚定筒1的形状优选为圆柱形，按照比预先设计的锚定筒安装孔2的孔径略小的尺寸，制造该锚定筒。锚定筒1的直径略小于锚定筒安装孔2直径的目的，一方面是方便安装，另一方面可以为筒外接触灌浆预留出一定的间隙空间，但间隙也不能过大，过大也会增加灌浆的浆液使用量和减弱锚定基础的抗拔承载力。锚定筒1包括锚定筒盖，锚定筒盖下部对应锚定筒1筒壁外与锚定筒安装孔2孔壁内的部位上分别开设了灌浆用的灌浆孔和灌浆排气孔，以便灌浆和灌浆内部的压力排出。灌浆孔朝外可通过灌浆管连接打钉注浆机，内部连接灌浆引导管。锚定筒盖和与其对应的筒顶部位均设置了匹配的螺纹，以便通过旋合的方式确保锚定筒盖和锚定筒紧密结合，确保锚钉气囊的工作效果。在锚定筒筒壁圆周和底板位置设置若干数量和与射钉直径匹配孔径的注浆钉孔，以便注浆钉安装。
在其他实施例中，锚定筒的形状还可是下粗上细的类保龄球形，类保龄球形的锚定筒在筒径较大、注浆钉长度充分时可以起到增加抗拔力的效果。
如图2所示，注浆钉3包括本体301，本体301内设置有注浆道302以及控制注浆道302通断的通断控制组件。注浆钉3整体为尖头圆柱形结构，尾部设置有顶帽308和密封圈309，密封圈309套设在本体301的尾部，顶帽308能对密封圈309进行限位，以防止密封圈309从本体301上脱落。本体301内沿其轴向设置有注浆道302，注浆道302是浆液流通的通道，具有进浆口和出浆口307，浆液从进浆口进入，从出浆口307流出，在本实施例中，出浆口307设置有多个，优选为多个出浆口307呈角度设置，能实现从多个角度进行注浆，将注浆钉与周围的岩面和缝隙粘合住，从而与锚定筒一起形成更大的整体联合受力。通断控制组件即为止回阀，在注浆道302的中部位置设置有止回阀腔，通断控制组件设置于该止回阀腔内，用于打开注浆道302使浆液流通，或者关闭注浆道302使浆液不流通。
具体的，通断控制组件包括止回阀杆303、注浆钉弹性元件304和封盖305，止回阀杆303的控制端与注浆道302可插拔连接，止回阀杆303远离控制端的一端与封盖305之间设置注浆钉弹性元件304，封盖305与本体301可拆装连接。注浆钉弹性元件304 优选为弹簧，封盖305外壁具有螺纹，止回阀腔内通过可拆卸、带螺纹的封盖305将弹簧和止回阀杆303封闭在腔内，在非注浆状态由弹簧将止回阀杆303顶在注浆道302内，封闭注浆道302，止回阀杆303的控制端设置为斜坡受压面形式，并且斜坡受压面306与注浆钉3的出浆方向(如图2中箭头所示)的夹角为钝角，在本实施例中，该角度为135°。
进一步的，止回阀杆303的插拔方向与注浆道302的轴向垂直，以可靠地实现对注浆道的通断控制。
如图3所示，打钉注浆机包括控制和动力装置、臂架装置、臂头作业装置等。
控制和动力装置，由司机室402、电控柜403、发动机404、液压泵405、液压箱406、制浆机407、打气泵408等组成。司机室402用于控制打钉及注浆的过程，电控柜403用于为设备供电和提供控制信号，发动机404用于为设备提供动力，液压箱406和液压泵405用于为设备提供液压动力，制浆机407用于为设备提供注浆用的浆液。打气泵408用于为设备提供压缩空气。
臂架装置，由后端的大臂409、前端的油缸伸缩臂410等组成，根据需要还可增加中间臂等臂架结构，前端采用油缸伸缩式的臂架形式主要考虑便于井槽施工。大臂409为普通的钢结构臂架形式；油缸伸缩臂410尾部与大臂409铰接，通过在大臂409上附着的变幅油缸，为油缸伸缩臂410调整角度；油缸伸缩臂410为内部为油缸伸缩杆(即油缸杆411)结构，外部采用臂架形式的钢结构，以实现油缸伸缩臂外部承担结构受力，前部通过伸缩油缸杆411实现伸缩动作的目的。
臂头作业装置，即设置于臂架装置伸入锚定筒1的端部的射钉机构和注浆机构，为满足井槽内多维度施工的要求。
具体的，射钉机构和注浆机构设置于第一转盘5上，臂架装置伸入锚定筒1的端部依次通过一级回转机构、次级回转机构和三级回转机构连接第一转盘5。臂架装置伸入锚定筒1的端部即为油缸杆411进入锚定筒1的端部。
一级回转机构包括一级回转电机及减速器601、行星齿轮602和回转齿轮603，一级回转电机及减速器601设置于臂架装置伸入锚定筒1的端部，行星齿轮602的转轴与一级回转电机及减速器601的输出轴连接，回转齿轮603与行星齿轮602啮合。一级回转电机及减速器601输出轴的轴向与油缸杆411的轴向平行，回转齿轮603的转轴与油缸杆411的轴向平行或重合，一级回转电机及减速器601带动行星齿轮602转动，行星齿轮602与回转齿轮603啮合，进而回转齿轮603转动。
次级回转机构包括次级回转电机及减速器701和连接杆702，次级回转电机及减速器701设置于连接杆702上，连接杆702的一端与行星齿轮602的转轴铰接，次级回转电机及减速器701带动连接杆702摆动。次级回转电机及减速器701的输出轴与油缸杆411的轴向垂直设置，连接杆702的一端与行星齿轮602的转轴铰接，次级回转电机及减速器701能够带动连接杆702在竖直平面内摆动，实现铰接角度的变化。
三级回转机构包括三级回转电机及减速器8，三级回转电机及减速器8设置于连接杆702的另一端，三级回转电机及减速器8的输出轴与第一转盘5的转轴连接。三级回转电机及减速器8输出轴的轴向与连接杆702的轴向重合，三级回转电机及减速器8能带动第一转盘5绕其转轴进行转动。
进一步的，射钉机构用于将注浆钉3置入锚定筒1的筒壁和底板，射钉机构包括置钉组件和射钉组件，置钉组件用于事先放置若干待使用的注浆钉3，而射钉组件用于将位于置钉组件上的注浆钉3射入锚定筒1的筒壁和底板。
置钉组件包括第二转盘11，第二转盘11上具有多个注浆钉设置位，每个注浆钉设置位上均能布置一个注浆钉3，在注浆钉设置位上的注浆钉3的轴向与第一转盘5的轴向平行，在注浆钉设置位上的注浆钉3，尾部可卡入注浆钉设置位，当注浆钉的尾部受到外力作用时，注浆钉3能脱离注浆钉设置位。
置钉组件通过四级回转机构设置于第一转盘5上，四级回转机构包括四级回转电机及减速器10，第二转盘11的转轴与四级回转电机及减速器10的输出轴连接。四级回转电机及减速器10的轴向与第一转盘5的轴向平行设置，四级回转电机及减速器10能带动第二转盘11转动，以实现注浆钉设置位的更替。
也就是说，本实施例中，臂头作业装置采用四轴结构形式，当然也可根据需要选择其它多轴结构形式。一轴为连接在油缸伸缩臂410的油缸杆411前端部的一级回转电机及减速器601、行星齿轮602、回转齿轮603等结构，以便实现下部结构围绕油缸杆水平转动的动作。二轴为与回转齿轮603下部连接的次级回转电机及减速器701，用于实现下部结构在垂直面上的摆角转动。三轴包括三级回转电机及减速器8、第一转盘5，以及在第一转盘5不同端安装的射钉机构和注浆机构。三轴用于驱动第一转盘5围绕转盘轴进行转动。四轴用于驱动注浆钉盘(第二转盘11)回转，以实现不断送钉的连续注钉作业，注浆钉盘上可提前安装储备一定数量的注浆钉3。
射钉组件包括储气罐901、活塞冲杆902、射钉进气管903、射钉弹性元件904、进气阀905和压控气阀906，储气罐901设置于第一转盘5的第一表面501上，活塞冲杆 902可伸缩地设置于储气罐901内，活塞冲杆902的施力端可穿过第一转盘5并撞击注浆钉3使其脱离注浆钉设置位，射钉弹性元件904优选为弹簧，射钉弹性元件904的两端与活塞冲杆902的承力端和储气罐901的底部抵接，射钉进气管903与储气罐901的进气口连通，进气阀905设置于进气口处，压控气阀906用于开启储气罐901向承力端施力。
进一步的，储气罐901上还设置有安全阀907，活塞冲杆902的轴向与第一转盘5的轴向平行。
注浆机构包括注浆管1201、注浆套1202、密封气囊1203、注浆进气管1204和小气罐1205，注浆套1202的一端设置于第一转盘5的第二表面502，注浆套1202的另一端设置有密封气囊1203，密封气囊1203具有适于注浆钉3插入的安装孔，注浆管1201与注浆套1202内部连通，注浆进气管1204与小气罐1205连通，小气罐1205用于向密封气囊1203充气。
另外，在第一转盘5上还设置有其他附属结构，包括简易吊钩14、视频监控机构，视频监控机构包括摄像头13和补光灯等装置。简易吊钩14设置在第一转盘5中心位置的下方，用于辅助进行吊装作业。摄像头13和补光灯设置在第一转盘5或其上部结构的合适位置，以便设备操作人员通过设置在司机室内的摄像头显示器，进行井槽内作业面的观察和操作。
本实施例还提供一种采用上述地锚施工设备的施工方法，包括：
步骤一、成型锚定筒安装孔2；
此步骤为快速成孔，按照预先确定的孔径、孔深和数量，采用地质钻机等掏孔式钻机，快速形成锚定筒安装孔。以前地锚施工因为地锚形式各异，一般采用人工或机械开挖锚定筒安装孔的方式。显然，本实施例的方式更高效，特别在批量需求的情况下，优势更为明显。
步骤二、将锚定筒1安装到锚定筒安装孔2内；
此步骤为锚定筒安装，在钻机成孔后将锚定筒安装到孔中，安装时应注意将锚定筒1外壁和锚定筒安装孔2孔壁周边的间隙保持均匀，以确保后续的灌浆质量。
步骤三、通过射钉机构在锚定筒1的侧壁和底板设置若干个注浆钉3；
此步骤为射钉作业，在制作锚定筒1的过程中根据需要达到的锚固力，在锚定筒1筒壁圆周和底板位置设置若干数量的注浆钉孔，注浆钉孔与注浆钉3直径匹配，注浆钉孔的孔径应较注浆钉3的直径略大，以便注浆钉3能顺利穿孔到位。可以采用标准化方式制造锚定筒，除标准化锚定筒高度和直径外，还可在锚定筒上设置标准化数量的锚定 钉孔，均采用可拆卸的堵头进行临时封堵，在安装使用前，根据现场的需要将临时堵头拆卸后使用，不用的锚定钉孔堵头用于防止灌浆时漏浆。
锚定筒1安装到位后，作业人员驱动打钉注浆机将伸缩油缸杆411伸到安装到位的锚定筒1内，调整多轴驱动装置的旋转角度，将射钉组件对准要安装的锚定钉孔，开启打钉注浆机的发动机404和打气泵408，形成的气压通过射钉进气管903注入储气罐901，达到设定压力后安全阀907自动溢流排气，打气泵408停止作业，一旦储气罐901需要补气，打气泵408根据储气罐901内气压检测情况和控制程序设定，及时自动开启，保证储气罐901内的压力满足最低的压力值要求。当要射钉时，控制压控气阀906快速释放压力，气压快速推动活塞冲杆902推出，将对应的一根注浆钉3快速推入锚定筒1的注浆钉孔内。因为在注浆钉3的尾部固定布置了密封圈309，在注浆钉3挤入注浆钉孔的间隙时，密封圈309一部分也挤入注浆钉3和锚定钉孔的间隙，这样一方面固定了注浆钉3，另一方面填充了间隙，避免后续注浆过程中发生漏浆。在完成一颗注浆钉3的安装后，根据程序控制，系统可自动识别筒壁上的注浆钉孔，然后自动对位新的注浆钉孔，射钉前，在四级回转电机及减速器10的驱动下，注浆钉盘(第二转盘11)自动转动一格，将下一个注浆钉3对准活塞冲杆902，移位到新的注浆钉孔后，即可进行下一循环作业。
步骤四、通过注浆机构向注浆钉3内注浆，使锚定筒1和锚定筒安装孔2内壁连接；
在完成全部注浆钉的射钉后，即可开始注浆作业，首先进行注浆钉注浆作业。
此步骤为将注浆钉3固定而进行小剂量注浆，以将注浆钉3和岩壁(即锚定筒安装孔2的内壁)锚固牢靠。作业人员操作转动三级回转电机及减速器8，根据摄像头13的影像捕捉和后台程序的自动识别和精确对位，将注浆套1202精确抵住锚定筒1内壁上的注浆钉3，同时将注浆钉3的外露部分套入注浆套1202内，注浆套1202内有接触感应传感器，感应到注浆钉3后，第二转盘11上的小气罐1205内提前储存的高压气体就会自动填充至注浆套1202的密封气囊1203中，迅速向密封气囊1203内充气，从而严密包裹住注浆套1202与注浆钉3间的缝隙，避免在高压注浆中发生漏浆，高压浆液通过注浆道302，在高压的作用下冲开由注浆钉弹性元件304抵住注浆道302的止回阀杆303，浆液穿过注浆道302从出浆口307喷出，将注浆钉3与周围的岩面和缝隙粘合住，从而与锚定筒1一起形成更大的整体联合受力。当停止注浆后，在注浆钉弹性元件304的作用下止回阀杆303回位，将注浆道302封闭。因为止回阀开阀的一面(即控制端)为斜坡受压面，另外一面为圆柱面，斜坡受压面在浆液压力作用下会将压力分解为 横向压力，推动止回阀杆303和注浆钉弹性元件304向封盖305的方向收缩，从而打开止回阀，形成注浆通道，但是背面为圆柱面，就无法在浆液压力的作用下形成横向力，无法推开止回阀。封盖305采用旋合方式，以方便安拆，取出封盖后可以安装、拆除或检修注浆钉弹性元件304和止回阀杆303。
步骤五、对锚定筒1外壁与锚定筒安装孔2内壁之间的间隙进行注浆。
之后进行筒外注浆，将锚定筒1与岩壁进行整体性锚固。通过锚定筒盖板上的灌浆孔和排气孔对筒外和孔壁间注浆，浆液优先选择渗透性强、流动性强、后期粘结力强的材料，这样能实现筒壁间的快速注浆，从而大幅度增加抗拔力，提高锚定点的抗拔力。当灌浆排气孔开始溢出浆液时即灌浆结束。
进一步的，在对锚定筒1外壁与锚定筒安装孔2之间的间隙进行注浆之后，还包括向锚定筒1内填充压载物的步骤。根据所需的抗拔力和筒内容积，可选择性在筒内填充混凝土、水、石头等压载物，以通过重力进一步增加抗拔力。
进一步的，在对锚定筒1外壁与锚定筒安装孔2之间的间隙进行注浆之后，还包括连接锚点的步骤。在锚定筒口与筒壁连接法兰、耳板等辅助装置，即可作为锚定点使用，在多个锚定筒集群布置，联合形成锚点受力的工况下，更有突出优势。
本实施例所提供的地锚施工设备及施工方法，可快速施工、快速投入使用，较现有施工方法简单，效率大幅度提高、成本大幅度降低，方便快速施工、快速投入使用。通过地锚施工设备可实现机械化、快速性、高标准施工的效果。而且，本实施例所提供的地锚施工设备及施工方法具有统一化、标准化的优点，本实施例所提供的地锚施工设备均可统一化、标准化设计和施工，简化了锚定点的设计、计算，提高了锚定点设计和施工的可靠性，提高了后续施工的安全性。另外，本实施例所提供的地锚施工设备及施工方法，方便灵活应用、批量化布置，如需增加锚定点抗拔力，优先选择增加注浆钉数量，这样有效减少占地，方便锚定点集群化布置，在需要大抗拔力锚定点时，仅需增加锚定点数量，采用支架将锚定点连接后进行联合受力，应用场景非常广泛和灵活。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种地锚施工设备，其特征在于，包括：
    锚定筒(1)，设置于锚定筒安装孔(2)内；
    若干个注浆钉(3)，分布于所述锚定筒(1)的筒壁和底板上；
    打钉注浆机，包括机身(401)和臂架装置，所述臂架装置的一端与所述机身(401)铰接，另一端可伸入所述锚定筒(1)且设置有射钉机构和注浆机构，所述注浆钉(3)通过所述射钉机构置入所述锚定筒(1)的筒壁和底板，所述注浆机构向所述注浆钉(3)注浆使所述锚定筒(1)和所述锚定筒安装孔(2)内壁连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述注浆钉(3)包括本体(301)，所述本体(301)内设置有注浆道(302)以及控制所述注浆道(302)通断的通断控制组件。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述通断控制组件包括止回阀杆(303)、注浆钉弹性元件(304)和封盖(305)，所述止回阀杆(303)的控制端与所述注浆道(302)可插拔连接，所述止回阀杆(303)远离所述控制端的一端与所述封盖(305)之间设置所述注浆钉弹性元件(304)，所述封盖(305)与所述本体(301)可拆装连接；所述注浆道(302)具有多个出浆口(307)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述止回阀杆(303)的插拔方向与所述注浆道(302)的轴向垂直；
    所述控制端具有斜坡受压面(306)，所述斜坡受压面(306)与所述注浆钉(3)的出浆方向的夹角为钝角。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述射钉机构和所述注浆机构设置于第一转盘(5)上，所述臂架装置伸入所述锚定筒(1)的端部依次通过一级回转机构、次级回转机构和三级回转机构连接所述第一转盘(5)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述一级回转机构包括一级回转电机及减速器(601)、行星齿轮(602)和回转齿轮(603)，所述一级回转电机及减速器(601)设置于所述臂架装置伸入所述锚定筒(1)的端部，所述行星齿轮(602)的转轴与所述一级回转电机及减速器(601)的输出轴连接，所述回转齿轮(603)与所述行星齿轮(602)啮合；
    所述次级回转机构包括次级回转电机及减速器(701)和连接杆(702)，所述次级 回转电机及减速器(701)设置于所述连接杆(702)上，所述连接杆(702)的一端与所述行星齿轮(602)的转轴铰接，所述次级回转电机及减速器(701)带动所述连接杆(702)摆动；
    所述三级回转机构包括三级回转电机及减速器(8)，所述三级回转电机及减速器(8)设置于所述连接杆(702)的另一端，所述三级回转电机及减速器(8)的输出轴与所述第一转盘(5)的转轴连接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述射钉机构包括置钉组件和射钉组件，所述置钉组件包括第二转盘(11)，所述置钉组件通过四级回转机构设置于所述第一转盘(5)上，所述四级回转机构包括四级回转电机及减速器(10)，所述第二转盘(11)的转轴与所述四级回转电机及减速器(10)的输出轴连接，所述第二转盘(11)上具有若干个注浆钉设置位，所述注浆钉(3)卡接在所述注浆钉设置位。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述射钉组件包括储气罐(901)、活塞冲杆(902)、射钉进气管(903)、射钉弹性元件(904)、进气阀(905)和压控气阀(906)，所述储气罐(901)设置于所述第一转盘(5)的第一表面(501)上，所述活塞冲杆(902)可伸缩地设置于所述储气罐(901)内，所述活塞冲杆(902)的施力端可穿过所述第一转盘(5)并撞击所述注浆钉(3)使其脱离所述注浆钉设置位，所述射钉弹性元件(904)的两端与所述活塞冲杆(902)的承力端和所述储气罐(901)的底部抵接，所述射钉进气管(903)与所述储气罐(901)的进气口连通，所述进气阀(905)设置于所述进气口处，所述压控气阀(906)用于开启所述储气罐(901)向所述承力端施力。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述储气罐(901)上还设置有安全阀(907)。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述活塞冲杆(902)的轴向与所述第一转盘(5)的轴向平行。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述注浆机构包括注浆管(1201)、注浆套(1202)、密封气囊(1203)、注浆进气管(1204)和小气罐(1205)，所述注浆套(1202)的一端设置于所述第一转盘(5)的第二表面(502)，所述注浆套(1202)的另一端设置有所述密封气囊(1203)，所述密封气囊(1203)具有适于所述注浆钉(3)插入的安装孔，所述注浆管(1201)与所述注浆套(1202)内部连通，所述注浆进气管(1204)与所述小气罐(1205)连通，所述小气罐(1205)用于向所述密 封气囊(1203)充气。
  12. 根据权利要求5所述的地锚施工设备，其特征在于，所述第一转盘(5)的第一表面(501)上设置有视频监控机构，所述视频监控机构包括摄像头(13)。
  13. 一种采用权利要求1-12任一项所述地锚施工设备的施工方法，其特征在于，包括：
    成型锚定筒安装孔(2)；
    将锚定筒(1)安装到所述锚定筒安装孔(2)内；
    通过射钉机构在所述锚定筒(1)的筒壁和底板设置若干个注浆钉(3)；
    通过注浆机构向所述注浆钉(3)内注浆，使所述锚定筒(1)和所述锚定筒安装孔(2)内壁连接；
    对所述锚定筒(1)外壁与所述锚定筒安装孔(2)内壁之间的间隙进行注浆。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的施工方法，其特征在于，在所述对所述锚定筒(1)外壁与所述锚定筒安装孔(2)之间的间隙进行注浆之后，还包括向所述锚定筒(1)内填充压载物。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的施工方法，其特征在于，在所述对所述锚定筒(1)外壁与所述锚定筒安装孔(2)之间的间隙进行注浆之后，还包括连接锚点的步骤。
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