WO2024256053A1 - Construction machine with dc voltage on-board power supply system - Google Patents
Construction machine with dc voltage on-board power supply system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024256053A1 WO2024256053A1 PCT/EP2024/059340 EP2024059340W WO2024256053A1 WO 2024256053 A1 WO2024256053 A1 WO 2024256053A1 EP 2024059340 W EP2024059340 W EP 2024059340W WO 2024256053 A1 WO2024256053 A1 WO 2024256053A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- undercarriage
- circuit
- electrical
- construction machine
- direct current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/12—Arrangements of means for transmitting pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric power to movable parts of devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/40—Working vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
- B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/71—Arrangement of fuel cells within vehicles specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
- E02F9/0858—Arrangement of component parts installed on superstructures not otherwise provided for, e.g. electric components, fenders, air-conditioning units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
- E02F9/207—Control of propulsion units of the type electric propulsion units, e.g. electric motors or generators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a construction machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the typical structure of a known battery-electric or hybrid construction machine 1 is shown schematically in Figure 1.
- the construction machine 1 has an electrical energy source in the form of an electrical energy storage device 40, which is connected to any number of electrical consumers 30 via a DC voltage on-board network 20.
- the construction machine 1 can have several electrical drive trains, each with at least one electric motor 32, as electrical consumers 30, which drive, for example, a pump distributor gear to supply hydraulic actuators and/or motors.
- a further electrical consumer 30 can be a low-voltage on-board network 34, if present.
- the construction machine 1 can have further power electronics, for example a DC/DC converter 38, which converts the DC intermediate circuit voltage into a low-voltage voltage (e.g. 24V) for the low-voltage on-board network 34, or inverters which convert the DC intermediate circuit voltage into an AC voltage for operating one or more electric motors 32.
- a DC/DC converter 38 which converts the DC intermediate circuit voltage into a low-voltage voltage (e.g. 24V)
- the construction machine 1 can have a charging interface for connecting an external energy source.
- Figure 1 shows an example of an alternating current or AC charging interface 52 for connecting an external three-phase electrical network 60, wherein the alternating voltage is converted into a suitable direct voltage for the DC intermediate circuit 20 via an AC/DC converter 54 (for example a charger or on-board charger (OBC)).
- AC/DC converter 54 for example a charger or on-board charger (OBC)
- the electrical on-board network is typically limited to an electric drive train, the main electric drive. This drives one or more hydraulic pumps via a transfer case. If, as shown in Figure 1, the respective load is driven directly by an electric machine, the DC voltage on-board network 20 extends over the entire construction machine 1.
- the construction machine 1 can have a primary energy source 42 in parallel with the energy storage device 40 (hybrid drive).
- the primary energy source 42 can comprise an internal combustion engine 43 (e.g. a diesel engine) that drives an electric generator 44, the output alternating voltage of which is converted by an AC/DC converter 45 into a suitable direct voltage for the DC intermediate circuit 20.
- the DC voltage on-board network 20 connects the various electrical energy sources to the various electrical consumers and thus forms a DC intermediate circuit 20.
- the DC intermediate circuit 20 forms a high-voltage on-board network, which is designed for direct voltages of 60V to 1500V, for example.
- a number of construction machines have an undercarriage and a rotating upper carriage mounted on the undercarriage.
- the undercarriage can be stationary or be mobile. Examples of the latter case include crawler cranes, mobile cranes, hydraulic excavators, cable excavators, truck-mounted concrete pumps (here the upper carriage typically includes a concrete distribution boom) or civil engineering machines such as rotary drilling rigs, diaphragm wall cutters or grabs or vibrating rams.
- construction machines with crawler undercarriages usually have hydraulic travel drives.
- a diesel engine is typically provided in the upper carriage, which drives a pump distributor gear that supplies the hydraulic travel drives in the undercarriage.
- the present invention is based on the object of enabling further electrification of construction machines with a rotating superstructure.
- a construction machine which comprises an undercarriage, an upper carriage rotatably mounted on the undercarriage and an on-board electrical system.
- the on-board electrical system can be understood in particular to mean all of the electrical components of the construction machine.
- the on-board electrical system comprises a direct voltage circuit, at least one electrical consumer and at least one electrical energy source and/or at least one electrical interface for connecting an external energy source.
- the at least one electrical consumer is connected to the at least one electrical energy source and/or the at least one electrical interface via the direct voltage circuit.
- the on-board electrical system can also comprise, for example, a low-voltage on-board electrical system, at least one sensor for detecting a parameter of the construction machine or a work process parameter, at least one control device for controlling one or more components, at least one display element and/or at least one input unit.
- the direct current circuit extends to both the upper carriage and the undercarriage and comprises an upper carriage circuit arranged in the upper carriage and an undercarriage circuit arranged in the undercarriage.
- the direct current circuit comprises a direct current transmission which extends between the upper carriage and the undercarriage and connects the upper carriage circuit to the undercarriage circuit, ie connects them electrically.
- the solution according to the invention therefore extends the DC on-board network, which is usually located in the upper carriage, to the undercarriage, with direct current being transmitted between the upper carriage and the undercarriage via the direct current transmission.
- This makes it possible, for example, to provide a purely electric drive in the undercarriage, which is supplied by one or more energy sources from the upper carriage.
- additional components such as combustion engines and generators in the undercarriage can be dispensed with.
- the extension of the DC circuit to the undercarriage and upper carriage enables the construction machine to be electrified with a smaller number of electronic components and greater flexibility in the arrangement of components and interfaces.
- the required cable lengths can be reduced and unnecessary interfaces can be avoided.
- the DC circuit extending to the entire construction machine, it is now possible to provide a DC charging interface on the undercarriage in order to charge an energy storage unit in the upper carriage.
- the energy fed in can be made available to energy storage units and/or consumers throughout the entire construction machine via the DC transmission.
- the superstructure comprises at least one electrical energy source, wherein the electrical energy source is an electrical energy storage device.
- the electrical energy source is an electrical energy storage device.
- This can be a single storage device or a combination of several energy storage devices.
- One or more electrical consumers of the construction machine can be supplied with energy via the electrical energy storage device.
- the at least one electrical energy storage device is preferably a battery-supported energy storage device.
- the superstructure comprises at least one electrical energy source, wherein the electrical energy source is a primary energy source.
- the primary energy source generates electrical energy itself and can, for example, comprise an internal combustion engine (e.g. a diesel engine or a gasoline engine). This can be connected to an electrical generator for generating electricity, the latter being coupled in particular to the direct voltage circuit via an AC/DC converter in order to provide the required direct voltage.
- the primary energy source can comprise a fuel cell, which can optionally be coupled to the direct voltage circuit via a DC/DC converter.
- Other primary energy sources are also conceivable, such as a solar system or a wind turbine.
- the superstructure can have several different primary energy sources, for example an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell.
- the superstructure can comprise several electrical energy sources, for example one or more electrical energy storage units and one or more of the aforementioned primary energy sources, in any combination and number.
- the superstructure comprises at least one electrical consumer, which is also supplied by a or on the superstructure can be supplied with energy via the superstructure circuit.
- the undercarriage can comprise at least one electrical consumer which can be supplied with energy from an electrical energy source arranged in or on the superstructure via the superstructure circuit, the direct current transmission and the undercarriage circuit.
- the direct current transmission between the upper and lower carriages means that any electrical consumers in the upper carriage and/or the lower carriage can be supplied by electrical energy sources in the upper carriage, for example an electrical drive train for a working function of the upper carriage and/or an electrical travel drive in the lower carriage.
- electrical energy sources in the upper carriage for example an electrical drive train for a working function of the upper carriage and/or an electrical travel drive in the lower carriage.
- energy can be transferred between electrical energy storage units in the upper carriage and electrical energy storage units in the lower carriage, for example to charge an empty energy storage unit via another, fuller energy storage unit.
- the undercarriage comprises at least one electrical energy source, wherein the electrical energy source is an electrical energy storage device.
- the undercarriage comprises at least one electrical energy source, wherein the electrical energy source is a primary energy source.
- the electrical energy source is a primary energy source.
- the undercarriage does not have its own primary energy source or generally does not have its own electrical energy source.
- All electrical consumers of the undercarriage (in particular one or more electric traction motors) are supplied via direct current transmission by one or more electrical energy sources of the superstructure.
- the undercarriage comprises at least one electrical consumer, which can be supplied with energy from an electrical energy source also arranged in or on the undercarriage via the undercarriage.
- the uppercarriage can comprise at least one electrical consumer, which can be supplied with energy from an electrical energy source arranged in or on the undercarriage via the undercarriage circuit, the direct current transmission and the uppercarriage circuit.
- any electrical consumers in the uppercarriage and/or in the undercarriage can be supplied by electrical energy sources in the undercarriage, for example an electrical drive train for a working function of the uppercarriage and/or an electrical travel drive in the undercarriage.
- electrical energy sources in the undercarriage for example an electrical drive train for a working function of the uppercarriage and/or an electrical travel drive in the undercarriage.
- energy can be transferred between electrical energy storage units in the uppercarriage and electrical energy storage units in the undercarriage.
- the undercarriage comprises an electric drive with at least one electric drive motor, which can be supplied with energy via the uppercarriage circuit, the direct current transmission and the undercarriage circuit from an electrical energy source arranged in the uppercarriage.
- the electric drive can also be supplied via the undercarriage circuit by an electrical energy source of the undercarriage.
- the supply from energy sources of the uppercarriage and the undercarriage can take place in parallel.
- a control unit can be present which, depending on the operating state and/or user input, supplies the electric drive either from the uppercarriage and/or the undercarriage.
- the undercarriage has at least one electrical consumer in the form of an electric drive motor wherein the electric drive motor preferably drives a wheel axle or a crawler carrier of the undercarriage.
- each crawler carrier can be driven by at least one of its own electric drive motors.
- the at least one electric traction motor is set up to generate energy in a recuperation mode (e.g. when the construction machine is braking), which energy can be fed into the direct current circuit.
- the at least one electric traction motor can be set up to supply at least one electrical consumer arranged in the undercarriage and/or at least one electrical energy storage device arranged in the undercarriage with energy via the undercarriage circuit in recuperation mode.
- the at least one electric traction motor can be set up to supply at least one electrical consumer arranged in the uppercarriage and/or at least one electrical energy storage device arranged in the uppercarriage with energy via the undercarriage circuit, direct current transmission and uppercarriage circuit in recuperation mode.
- the construction machine can preferably comprise a control unit which is designed to control the energy flows between the upper and lower carriages accordingly, for example to supply energy from an energy storage device and/or an energy source to a specific electrical consumer and/or to provide energy generated via an electric drive to an electrical energy storage device and/or an electrical energy source in the aforementioned recuperation mode.
- a control unit which is designed to control the energy flows between the upper and lower carriages accordingly, for example to supply energy from an energy storage device and/or an energy source to a specific electrical consumer and/or to provide energy generated via an electric drive to an electrical energy storage device and/or an electrical energy source in the aforementioned recuperation mode.
- the superstructure comprises at least one electrical consumer in the form of a low-voltage on-board network.
- a low-voltage on-board network can be, for example, a 12V on-board network or a 24V on-board network, although of course an on-board network with any other voltage can also be provided.
- the construction machine comprises several low-voltage on-board networks with different voltages, for example a 12V on-board network and a 24V on-board network.
- the upper carriage can comprise at least one electrical consumer in the form of an electric motor, which serves, for example, to drive a hydraulic pump or a pump distribution gear (e.g. for supplying luffing and telescoping cylinders on a mobile crane, one or more cable winches, one or more hydraulic cylinders on a hydraulic excavator, etc.), an actuator or a cooling device of the construction machine.
- the upper carriage can comprise several such electrical consumers or electrical drive trains, in any number and combination of the functions mentioned.
- the undercarriage includes an electrical interface for connecting an external energy source.
- the external energy source can be, for example, an external power grid (e.g. a three-phase network), a generator or an external energy storage device.
- an external power grid e.g. a three-phase network
- generator e.g. a generator
- external energy storage device e.g. any type of external energy supply that can provide energy in the form of AC or DC is possible.
- At least one electrical consumer or energy storage device arranged in the upper carriage can be supplied with energy via the electrical interface, the undercarriage circuit, the direct current transmission and the upper carriage circuit.
- at least one electrical consumer or energy storage device arranged in the undercarriage can be supplied with energy via the electrical interface and the undercarriage circuit.
- one or more electrical energy storage devices of the construction machine can be charged via the electrical interface. Direct operation or direct supply of electrical consumers of the construction machine is also possible.
- the electrical interface is a direct current charging interface or DC charging interface.
- the charging cable can now be advantageously arranged on the undercarriage, for example on a crawler carrier of the undercarriage.
- the movements of the undercarriage are generally smaller than those on the uppercarriage (e.g. when the uppercarriage rotates), so that the connection of the external energy supply is easier.
- a charging interface arranged on the uppercarriage a plugged-in charging cable would move with a rotation of the uppercarriage or drag on the ground and thus possibly be damaged.
- Energy fed in via the DC charging interface can be made available to the direct voltage circuit, which also has the advantage over AC charging interfaces that no machine-side charging devices such as on-board chargers (OBC) are required.
- OBC on-board chargers
- the uppercarriage can also have another electrical charging interface (a DC charging interface or an AC charging interface).
- a DC charging interface or an AC charging interface
- the undercarriage comprises several electrical charging interfaces, for example a DC charging interface and an AC charging interface.
- only the uppercarriage can have one or more electrical charging interfaces.
- an AC charging interface this is preferably connected to the direct current circuit (i.e., depending on the arrangement on the uppercarriage or undercarriage, to the uppercarriage or undercarriage circuit) via an AC/DC converter, in particular via an OBC.
- the direct current transmission comprises a slip ring connection with a first slip ring contact connected to the undercarriage circuit and a second slip ring contact connected to the uppercarriage circuit.
- the DC slip ring connection preferably comprises a first slip ring body connected to the undercarriage circuit and a second slip ring body connected to the uppercarriage circuit.
- the slip ring connection ensures the direct current or DC transmission between the uppercarriage and the undercarriage in any rotational position of the uppercarriage relative to the undercarriage. The DC transmission therefore remains intact even when the uppercarriage rotates and in any angular position.
- the DC slip ring connection is preferably arranged on or in a rotary joint between the upper carriage and the undercarriage of the construction machine.
- the rotary joint preferably comprises a rotary mechanism with at least one hydraulic or electric rotary drive.
- the latter preferably represents an electrical consumer (or, in the case of a hydraulic rotary drive, the electric motor that drives the associated hydraulic pump or the associated pump distribution gear) that is supplied via the DC circuit.
- the direct current transmission is set up for bidirectional direct current transmission between the undercarriage circuit and the uppercarriage circuit.
- the direct current transmission can therefore transmit direct current from the uppercarriage to the undercarriage and vice versa from the undercarriage to the uppercarriage.
- electrical energy sources and electrical energy sinks or consumers can be arranged flexibly on the construction machine and distributed as desired between the undercarriage and uppercarriage.
- the DC voltage circuit is a high-voltage circuit. This can mean in particular that the DC voltage in the DC voltage circuit can be between 60V and 1500V, although higher voltages are also conceivable in principle. Alternatively, the DC voltage circuit can be designed for DC voltages of less than 60V, for example in smaller construction machines.
- the DC voltage circuit can comprise at least one power electronics component, for example one or more frequency converters or AC/AC converters, inverters or DC-AC converters, rectifiers or AC/DC converters, switching regulators, DC/DC converters and/or power converters or switching power supplies.
- power electronics component for example one or more frequency converters or AC/AC converters, inverters or DC-AC converters, rectifiers or AC/DC converters, switching regulators, DC/DC converters and/or power converters or switching power supplies.
- the direct current circuit forms in particular a DC intermediate circuit.
- Figure 1 a schematic representation of the electrical system of a construction machine known from the prior art.
- Figure 2 a schematic representation of the electrical system of the construction machine according to the invention according to an embodiment.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the electrical system of an example of a known construction machine 1 and has already been described at the beginning.
- the electrical consumers 30 are all supplied with energy from the existing electrical energy sources via a DC voltage circuit 20, whereby in this example there is a primary energy source 42, an electrical energy storage device 40 and an external energy source 60, which is connected to the DC voltage circuit 20 via an electrical AC interface 52 and an AC/DC converter 54.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically the electrical system of a preferred embodiment of the construction machine 10 according to the invention.
- the construction machine 10 comprises an undercarriage 12 with an electric drive and an upper carriage 14 rotatably mounted on the undercarriage 12.
- the system boundaries of the undercarriage 12 and upper carriage 14 are indicated by dashed boxes.
- Components that have the same reference numerals as components in Figure 1 represent the same components or components with the same function.
- the components 30, 42 not specified in detail in Figure 2 can have the same subcomponents as those in Figure 1.
- the relevant statements at the beginning of the description therefore also apply to the components in Figure 2 (e.g. in relation to the embodiment of the primary energy source 42 with combustion engine 43, generator 44 and AC/DC converter 45, the Embodiment of the electrical consumer 30 with DC/DC converter 38 and low-voltage on-board network 34 and/or the embodiment of the electrical consumer 30 with DC/AC converter 36 and electric motor 32).
- the upper carriage 14 of the illustrated embodiment of the construction machine 10 comprises a plurality of electrical consumers 30.
- At least one of these electrical consumers 30 can comprise an electric motor 32 that drives a pump distribution gear to supply one or more hydraulic actuators (not shown).
- the corresponding work functions can be driven directly by electrical actuators (e.g. an electric rotary drive for a slewing gear of the upper carriage 14, an electric winch motor and/or an electric linear drive for adjusting a construction machine component).
- At least one electrical consumer 30 can comprise or represent a low-voltage on-board network 34 (e.g. a 24V on-board network).
- the superstructure 14 comprises two electrical energy sources: an electrical energy storage device 40 (for example a battery-supported energy storage system) and a primary energy source 42 (for example an arrangement according to Fig. 1 with an internal combustion engine 43 or an arrangement with one or more fuel cells).
- an electrical energy storage device 40 for example a battery-supported energy storage system
- a primary energy source 42 for example an arrangement according to Fig. 1 with an internal combustion engine 43 or an arrangement with one or more fuel cells.
- These electrical energy sources 40, 42 and consumers 30 are connected to one another via a direct voltage circuit 20, which in the embodiment discussed here represents a DC high-voltage direct current network that is designed for direct voltages in the range 60-1500 V, for example.
- the direct voltage circuit 20 preferably comprises corresponding power electronics components such as a DC/AC converter 36 for supplying an electric motor 32, a DC/DC converter 38 for supplying a low-voltage on-board network 34 and/or an AC/DC converter 45 for connecting a generator 44 to a primary energy source 42.
- a DC/AC converter 36 for supplying an electric motor 32
- a DC/DC converter 38 for supplying a low-voltage on-board network 34 and/or an AC/DC converter 45 for connecting a generator 44 to a primary energy source 42.
- the undercarriage 12 also has several electrical consumers 30 in the form of electric traction motors.
- the electrical The drive motors 30 can be used to drive crawler supports of a crawler chassis of the undercarriage 12.
- a direct current transmission 24 (this is shown schematically in Figure 2 as box 24 and could also be referred to as a direct current connection).
- This is designed in particular according to the design of the direct current circuit 20 for a direct voltage of 60-1500 V.
- the part of the direct current circuit 20 that is located in the upper carriage 14 is referred to herein as the upper carriage circuit 21 and is illustrated schematically in Figure 2 by a box 21.
- the part of the DC voltage circuit 20 which is located in the undercarriage 12 is referred to herein as the undercarriage circuit 22 and is illustrated schematically in Figure 2 by a box 22.
- the upper carriage circuit 21 is connected to the undercarriage circuit 22 via the DC transmission 24.
- the construction machine 10 can have an electrical charging interface 50 on the undercarriage 12 for connecting an external energy source 60.
- the interface 50 is preferably a DC charging interface for feeding DC energy into the direct voltage circuit 20. This means that additional components such as an OBC can be dispensed with.
- direct current can be transmitted from the upper carriage circuit 21 to the lower carriage circuit 22 or vice versa (bidirectional DC transmission).
- the corresponding energy flows can be controlled by a control unit (not shown).
- the direct current transmission 24 between the sections of the construction machine 10 that rotate relative to one another i.e. between the lower carriage 12 and the upper carriage 14
- DC slip ring bodies not shown.
- the machine configuration according to the invention with DC transmission 24 between the upper and lower carriages 12, 14 offers several advantages with regard to the electrification of construction machinery: • Power electronic components in the undercarriage 12 of the construction machine 10 can be supplied. This enables, for example,
- DC charging interfaces 50 are possible on the undercarriage 12 (e.g. on a crawler carrier). This means that the energy fed in can be made available to the direct current on-board network 20 in the undercarriage and uppercarriage 12, 14 via the DC transmission 24.
- - Charging interfaces are particularly suitable for the undercarriage 12 or a crawler carrier, since the range of motion on the undercarriage 12 is smaller than on the uppercarriage 14 during mains operation.
- - DC charging interfaces 50 also offer the advantage that no machine-side chargers 54 (e.g. on-board charger, OBC) are required.
- OBC on-board charger
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Abstract
Description
Baumaschine mit Gleichspannungsbordnetz construction machine with DC on-board power supply
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Baumaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 . The present invention relates to a construction machine according to the preamble of claim 1.
In den letzten Jahren hat sich der Trend verstärkt in Richtung Elektrifizierung von Baumaschinen entwickelt, um den CO2-Ausstoß zu senken und die Energiesicherheit zu erhöhen. Im Zuge dieser Elektrifizierung kommen vermehrt Baumaschinen mit batterieelektrischen oder hybriden Antriebssystemen zum Einsatz. In recent years, the trend has increasingly developed towards the electrification of construction machinery in order to reduce CO2 emissions and increase energy security. As a result of this electrification, construction machinery with battery-electric or hybrid drive systems is increasingly being used.
Der typische Aufbau einer bekannten batterieelektrischen bzw. hybriden Baumaschine 1 ist schematisch in der Figur 1 dargestellt. Die Baumaschine 1 weist eine elektrische Energiequelle in Form eines elektrischen Energiespeichers 40 auf, welcher über ein Gleichspannungsbordnetz 20 mit einer beliebigen Anzahl von elektrischen Verbrauchern 30 verbunden ist. Als elektrische Verbraucher 30 kann die Baumaschine 1 mehrere elektrische Antriebsstränge mit jeweils mindestens einem Elektromotor 32 aufweisen, welche z.B. ein Pumpenverteilergetriebe zur Versorgung hydraulischer Aktuatoren und/oder Motoren antreiben. Als weiterer elektrischer Verbraucher 30 ist ein ggf. vorhandenes Niederspannungsbordnetz 34 zu nennen. Die Baumaschine 1 kann über weitere Leistungselektronik verfügen, beispielsweise einen DC/DC-Wandler 38, welcher die DC-Zwischenkreisspannung in eine Niederspan- nung (z.B. 24V) für das Niederspannungsbordnetz 34 umwandelt, oder Wechselrichter, welche die DC-Zwischenkreisspannung in eine Wechselspannung zum Betrieb eines oder mehrerer Elektromotoren 32 umwandeln. The typical structure of a known battery-electric or hybrid construction machine 1 is shown schematically in Figure 1. The construction machine 1 has an electrical energy source in the form of an electrical energy storage device 40, which is connected to any number of electrical consumers 30 via a DC voltage on-board network 20. The construction machine 1 can have several electrical drive trains, each with at least one electric motor 32, as electrical consumers 30, which drive, for example, a pump distributor gear to supply hydraulic actuators and/or motors. A further electrical consumer 30 can be a low-voltage on-board network 34, if present. The construction machine 1 can have further power electronics, for example a DC/DC converter 38, which converts the DC intermediate circuit voltage into a low-voltage voltage (e.g. 24V) for the low-voltage on-board network 34, or inverters which convert the DC intermediate circuit voltage into an AC voltage for operating one or more electric motors 32.
Die Baumaschine 1 kann eine Ladeschnittstelle zum Anschließen einer externen Energiequelle aufweisen. In der Figur 1 ist als Beispiel eine Wechselstrom- bzw. AC- Ladeschnittstelle 52 zum Anschluss eines externen elektrischen Dreiphasennetzes 60 gezeigt, wobei die Wechselspannung über einen AC/DC-Wandler 54 (beispielsweise ein Ladegerät bzw. On-Bord-Charger (OBC)) in eine passende Gleichspannung für den DC-Zwischenkreis 20 umgewandelt wird. The construction machine 1 can have a charging interface for connecting an external energy source. Figure 1 shows an example of an alternating current or AC charging interface 52 for connecting an external three-phase electrical network 60, wherein the alternating voltage is converted into a suitable direct voltage for the DC intermediate circuit 20 via an AC/DC converter 54 (for example a charger or on-board charger (OBC)).
Bei elektro-hydraulischen Antriebsarchitekturen beschränkt sich das elektrische Bordnetz typischerweise auf einen elektrischen Antriebsstrang, den elektrischen Hauptantrieb. Dieser treibt über ein Verteilergetriebe eine oder mehrere Hydraulikpumpen an. Wird, wie in der Figur 1 gezeigt, die jeweilige Last direkt durch eine elektrische Maschine angetrieben, so weitet sich das Gleichspannungsbordnetz 20 über die gesamte Baumaschine 1 aus. In electro-hydraulic drive architectures, the electrical on-board network is typically limited to an electric drive train, the main electric drive. This drives one or more hydraulic pumps via a transfer case. If, as shown in Figure 1, the respective load is driven directly by an electric machine, the DC voltage on-board network 20 extends over the entire construction machine 1.
Bei dem in der Figur 1 gezeigten Beispiel kann die Baumaschine 1 parallel zum Energiespeicher 40 über eine Primärenergiequelle 42 verfügen (hybrider Antrieb). Die Pri- märenergiequelle 42 kann einen Verbrennungsmotor 43 (z.B. einen Dieselmotor) umfassen, der einen elektrischen Generator 44 antreibt, dessen Ausgangwechselspannung mittels eines AC/DC-Wandlers 45 in eine passende Gleichspannung für den DC-Zwischenkreis 20 umgewandelt wird. Das Gleichspannungsbordnetz 20 verbindet die verschiedenen elektrischen Energiequellen mit den verschiedenen elektrischen Verbrauchern und bildet somit einen DC-Zwischenkreis 20. Bei vielen Baumaschinen bildet der DC-Zwischenkreis 20 ein Hochvoltbordnetz, welches beispielsweise für Gleichspannungen von 60V bis 1500V ausgelegt ist. In the example shown in Figure 1, the construction machine 1 can have a primary energy source 42 in parallel with the energy storage device 40 (hybrid drive). The primary energy source 42 can comprise an internal combustion engine 43 (e.g. a diesel engine) that drives an electric generator 44, the output alternating voltage of which is converted by an AC/DC converter 45 into a suitable direct voltage for the DC intermediate circuit 20. The DC voltage on-board network 20 connects the various electrical energy sources to the various electrical consumers and thus forms a DC intermediate circuit 20. In many construction machines, the DC intermediate circuit 20 forms a high-voltage on-board network, which is designed for direct voltages of 60V to 1500V, for example.
Eine Reihe von Baumaschinen verfügen über einen Unterwagen und einen drehbar auf dem Unterwagen gelagerten Oberwagen. Der Unterwagen kann stationär oder fahrbar sein. Für letzteren Fall sind als Beispiele Raupenkrane, Mobilkrane, Hydraulikbagger, Seilbagger, Autobetonpumpen (hier umfasst der Oberwagen typischerweise einen Betonverteilermast) oder Tiefbaumaschinen wie Drehbohranlagen, Schlitzwandfräsen oder -greifer oder Vibrationsrammen zu nennen. Insbesondere Baumaschinen mit Raupenfahrwerk verfügen dabei meist über hydraulische Fahrantriebe. Hierzu ist typischerweise im Oberwagen ein Dieselmotor vorgesehen, welcher ein Pumpenverteilergetriebe antreibt, das die hydraulische Fahrantriebe im Unterwagen versorgt. Alternativ ist es bekannt, über einen mit dem Dieselmotor verbundenen Generator einen Elektromotor zu versorgen, welcher wiederum ein Pumpenverteilergetriebe für die Versorgung der hydraulischen Fahrantriebe antreibt. A number of construction machines have an undercarriage and a rotating upper carriage mounted on the undercarriage. The undercarriage can be stationary or be mobile. Examples of the latter case include crawler cranes, mobile cranes, hydraulic excavators, cable excavators, truck-mounted concrete pumps (here the upper carriage typically includes a concrete distribution boom) or civil engineering machines such as rotary drilling rigs, diaphragm wall cutters or grabs or vibrating rams. In particular, construction machines with crawler undercarriages usually have hydraulic travel drives. For this purpose, a diesel engine is typically provided in the upper carriage, which drives a pump distributor gear that supplies the hydraulic travel drives in the undercarriage. Alternatively, it is known to supply an electric motor via a generator connected to the diesel engine, which in turn drives a pump distributor gear to supply the hydraulic travel drives.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine weitere Elektrifizierung von Baumaschinen mit drehbarem Oberwagen zu ermöglichen. The present invention is based on the object of enabling further electrification of construction machines with a rotating superstructure.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Baumaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a construction machine having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description.
Demnach wird eine Baumaschine vorgeschlagen, welche einen Unterwagen, einen drehbar auf dem Unterwagen gelagerten Oberwagen und ein elektrisches Bordnetz umfasst. Unter dem elektrischen Bordnetz kann insbesondere die Gesamtheit der elektrischen Komponenten der Baumaschine verstanden werden. Das elektrische Bordnetz umfasst einen Gleichspannungskreis, mindestens einen elektrischen Verbraucher sowie mindestens eine elektrische Energiequelle und/oder mindestens eine elektrische Schnittstelle zum Anschluss einer externen Energiequelle. Der mindestens eine elektrische Verbraucher ist mit der mindestens einen elektrischen Energiequelle und/oder der mindestens einen elektrischen Schnittstelle über den Gleichspannungskreis verbunden. Das elektrische Bordnetz kann daneben beispielsweise ein Niederspannungsbordnetz, mindestens einen Sensor zur Erfassung eines Parameters der Baumaschine oder eines Arbeitsprozessparameters, mindestens ein Steuergerät zur Steuerung einer oder mehrerer Komponenten, mindestens ein Anzeigeelement und/oder mindestens eine Eingabeeinheit umfassen. Erfindungsgemäß erstreckt sich der Gleichspannungskreis sowohl auf den Oberwagen als auch auf den Unterwagen und umfasst einen im Oberwagen angeordneten Oberwagenkreis sowie einen im Unterwagen angeordneten Unterwagenkreis. Hierzu umfasst der Gleichspannungskreis eine Gleichstromübertragung, welche sich zwischen Oberwagen und Unterwagen erstreckt und den Oberwagenkreis mit dem Unterwagenkreis verbindet, d.h. elektrisch verbindet. Accordingly, a construction machine is proposed which comprises an undercarriage, an upper carriage rotatably mounted on the undercarriage and an on-board electrical system. The on-board electrical system can be understood in particular to mean all of the electrical components of the construction machine. The on-board electrical system comprises a direct voltage circuit, at least one electrical consumer and at least one electrical energy source and/or at least one electrical interface for connecting an external energy source. The at least one electrical consumer is connected to the at least one electrical energy source and/or the at least one electrical interface via the direct voltage circuit. The on-board electrical system can also comprise, for example, a low-voltage on-board electrical system, at least one sensor for detecting a parameter of the construction machine or a work process parameter, at least one control device for controlling one or more components, at least one display element and/or at least one input unit. According to the invention, the direct current circuit extends to both the upper carriage and the undercarriage and comprises an upper carriage circuit arranged in the upper carriage and an undercarriage circuit arranged in the undercarriage. For this purpose, the direct current circuit comprises a direct current transmission which extends between the upper carriage and the undercarriage and connects the upper carriage circuit to the undercarriage circuit, ie connects them electrically.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird also insbesondere das Gleichspannungsbordnetz, das sich üblicherweise im Oberwagen befindet, auf den Unterwagen ausgedehnt, wobei über die Gleichstromübertragung Gleichstrom zwischen Ober- und Unterwagen übertragen wird. Dies ermöglicht es beispielsweise, einen rein elektrischen Fahrantrieb im Unterwagen vorzusehen, welcher über eine oder mehrere Energiequellen aus dem Oberwagen versorgt wird. Dadurch kann auf zusätzliche Komponenten wie Verbrennungsmotoren und Generatoren im Unterwagen verzichtet werden. The solution according to the invention therefore extends the DC on-board network, which is usually located in the upper carriage, to the undercarriage, with direct current being transmitted between the upper carriage and the undercarriage via the direct current transmission. This makes it possible, for example, to provide a purely electric drive in the undercarriage, which is supplied by one or more energy sources from the upper carriage. This means that additional components such as combustion engines and generators in the undercarriage can be dispensed with.
Die Ausdehnung des Gleichspannungskreises auf Unter- und Oberwagen ermöglicht eine Elektrifizierung der Baumaschine mit einer geringeren Anzahl elektronischer Komponenten und einer höheren Flexibilität bei der Anordnung von Komponenten und Schnittstellen. Darüber hinaus können die benötigten Kabellängen reduziert und unnötige Schnittstellen vermieden werden. So ist es aufgrund des sich auf die gesamte Baumaschine erstreckenden Gleichstromkreises nun beispielsweise möglich, eine Gleichstrom ladeschnittstelle am Unterwagen vorzusehen, um einen Energiespeicher im Oberwagen zu laden. Die eingespeiste Energie kann über die Gleichstromübertragung Energiespeichern und/oder Verbrauchern in der gesamten Baumaschine zur Verfügung gestellt werden. The extension of the DC circuit to the undercarriage and upper carriage enables the construction machine to be electrified with a smaller number of electronic components and greater flexibility in the arrangement of components and interfaces. In addition, the required cable lengths can be reduced and unnecessary interfaces can be avoided. For example, thanks to the DC circuit extending to the entire construction machine, it is now possible to provide a DC charging interface on the undercarriage in order to charge an energy storage unit in the upper carriage. The energy fed in can be made available to energy storage units and/or consumers throughout the entire construction machine via the DC transmission.
Im Folgenden werden die Begriffe „Gleichstrom-“ und „Wechselstrom-“ bzw. „Gleichspannungs-“ und „Wechselspannungs-“ auch durch „DC-“ und „AC-“ abgekürzt (beispielsweise „DC-Kreis“ anstatt „Gleichspannungskreis“ oder „DC-Übertragung“ anstatt „Gleichstromübertragung“). In einer möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Oberwagen mindestens eine elektrische Energiequelle umfasst, wobei es sich bei der elektrischen Energiequelle um einen elektrischen Energiespeicher handelt. Dieser kann einen Einzelspeicher oder eine Kombination mehrerer Energiespeicher darstellen. Über den elektrischen Energiespeicher können ein oder mehrere elektrische Verbraucher der Baumaschine mit Energie versorgt werden. Bei dem mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher handelt es sich vorzugsweise um einen batteriegestütztes Energiespeicher. In the following, the terms “direct current” and “alternating current” or “direct voltage” and “alternating voltage” are also abbreviated to “DC” and “AC” (for example, “DC circuit” instead of “direct voltage circuit” or “DC transmission” instead of “direct current transmission”). In one possible embodiment, the superstructure comprises at least one electrical energy source, wherein the electrical energy source is an electrical energy storage device. This can be a single storage device or a combination of several energy storage devices. One or more electrical consumers of the construction machine can be supplied with energy via the electrical energy storage device. The at least one electrical energy storage device is preferably a battery-supported energy storage device.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Oberwagen mindestens eine elektrische Energiequelle umfasst, wobei es sich bei der elektrischen Energiequelle um eine Primärenergiequelle handelt. Die Primärenergiequelle erzeugt im Gegensatz zu einem elektrischen Energiespeicher selbst elektrische Energie und kann beispielsweise einen Verbrennungsmotor (z.B. einen Dieselmotor oder einen Ottomotor) umfassen. Dieser kann mit einem elektrischen Generator zur Erzeugung von Strom verbunden sein, wobei letzterer insbesondere über einen AC/DC-Wandler mit dem Gleichspannungskreis gekoppelt ist, um die benötigte Gleichspannung bereitzustellen. Alternativ kann die Primärenergiequelle eine Brennstoffzelle umfassen, welche ggf. über einen DC/DC-Wandler mit dem Gleichspannungskreis gekoppelt sein kann. Denkbar sind auch andere Primärenergiequellen wie beispielsweise eine Solaranlage oder eine Windkraftanlage. Der Oberwagen kann mehrere unterschiedliche Primärenergiequellen aufweisen, beispielsweise einen Verbrennungsmotor und eine Brennstoffzelle. In a further possible embodiment, it is provided that the superstructure comprises at least one electrical energy source, wherein the electrical energy source is a primary energy source. In contrast to an electrical energy storage device, the primary energy source generates electrical energy itself and can, for example, comprise an internal combustion engine (e.g. a diesel engine or a gasoline engine). This can be connected to an electrical generator for generating electricity, the latter being coupled in particular to the direct voltage circuit via an AC/DC converter in order to provide the required direct voltage. Alternatively, the primary energy source can comprise a fuel cell, which can optionally be coupled to the direct voltage circuit via a DC/DC converter. Other primary energy sources are also conceivable, such as a solar system or a wind turbine. The superstructure can have several different primary energy sources, for example an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell.
Selbstverständlich kann der Oberwagen mehrere elektrische Energiequellen umfassen, beispielsweise einen oder mehrere elektrische Energiespeicher und eine oder mehrere der genannten Primärenergiequellen, in beliebiger Kombination und Anzahl. Of course, the superstructure can comprise several electrical energy sources, for example one or more electrical energy storage units and one or more of the aforementioned primary energy sources, in any combination and number.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Oberwagen mindestens einen elektrischen Verbraucher umfasst, welcher von einer ebenfalls im bzw. am Oberwagen angeordneten elektrischen Energiequelle über den Oberwagenkreis mit Energie versorgbar ist. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Unterwagen mindestens einen elektrischen Verbraucher umfassen, welcher von einer im bzw. am Oberwagen angeordneten elektrischen Energiequelle über den Oberwagenkreis, die Gleichstromübertragung und den Unterwagenkreis mit Energie versorgbar ist. In a further possible embodiment, it is provided that the superstructure comprises at least one electrical consumer, which is also supplied by a or on the superstructure can be supplied with energy via the superstructure circuit. Alternatively or additionally, the undercarriage can comprise at least one electrical consumer which can be supplied with energy from an electrical energy source arranged in or on the superstructure via the superstructure circuit, the direct current transmission and the undercarriage circuit.
Durch die Gleichstromübertragung zwischen Ober- und Unterwagen können beliebige elektrische Verbraucher im Oberwagen und/oder im Unterwagen durch elektrische Energiequellen des Oberwagens versorgt werden, beispielsweise ein elektrischer Antriebsstrang für eine Arbeitsfunktion des Oberwagens und/oder ein elektrischer Fahrantrieb im Unterwagen. Darüber hinaus ist eine Energieübertragung zwischen elektrischen Energiespeichern im Oberwagen und elektrischen Energiespei- chern im Unterwagen möglich, beispielsweise um einen leeren Energiespeicher über einen anderen, volleren Energiespeicher aufzuladen. The direct current transmission between the upper and lower carriages means that any electrical consumers in the upper carriage and/or the lower carriage can be supplied by electrical energy sources in the upper carriage, for example an electrical drive train for a working function of the upper carriage and/or an electrical travel drive in the lower carriage. In addition, energy can be transferred between electrical energy storage units in the upper carriage and electrical energy storage units in the lower carriage, for example to charge an empty energy storage unit via another, fuller energy storage unit.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Unterwagen mindestens eine elektrische Energiequelle umfasst, wobei es sich bei der elektrischen Energiequelle um einen elektrischen Energiespeicher handelt. Die vorherigen Ausführungen zu den möglichen Ausgestaltungen des elektrischen Energiespeichers des Oberwagens gelten analog. In a further possible embodiment, it is provided that the undercarriage comprises at least one electrical energy source, wherein the electrical energy source is an electrical energy storage device. The previous statements on the possible designs of the electrical energy storage device of the upper carriage apply analogously.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Unterwagen mindestens eine elektrische Energiequelle umfasst, wobei es sich bei der elektrischen Energiequelle um eine Primärenergiequelle handelt. Die vorherigen Ausführungen zu einer Primärenergiequelle des Oberwagens gelten auch für den Fall, dass der Unterwagen eine Primärenergiequelle aufweist. Die vorherigen Ausführungen zu den möglichen Ausgestaltungen der Primärquelle (sowie zu den möglichen Kombinationen von Energiespeicher(n) und Primärenergiequelle(n)) des Oberwagens gelten analog. In a further possible embodiment, it is provided that the undercarriage comprises at least one electrical energy source, wherein the electrical energy source is a primary energy source. The previous statements on a primary energy source of the uppercarriage also apply in the event that the undercarriage has a primary energy source. The previous statements on the possible designs of the primary source (as well as the possible combinations of energy storage device(s) and primary energy source(s)) of the uppercarriage apply analogously.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besitzt der Unterwagen keine eigene Primärenergiequelle oder generell keine eigene elektrische Energiequelle. In diesem Fall werden sämtliche elektrischen Verbraucher des Unterwagens (insbesondere ein o- der mehrere elektrische Fahrmotoren) über die Gleichstromübertragung durch eine oder mehrere elektrische Energiequellen des Oberwagens versorgt. In a preferred embodiment, the undercarriage does not have its own primary energy source or generally does not have its own electrical energy source. In this case All electrical consumers of the undercarriage (in particular one or more electric traction motors) are supplied via direct current transmission by one or more electrical energy sources of the superstructure.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Unterwagen mindestens einen elektrischen Verbraucher umfasst, welcher von einer ebenfalls im bzw. am Unterwagen angeordneten elektrischen Energiequelle über den Unterwagen mit Energie versorgbar ist. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Oberwagen mindestens einen elektrischen Verbraucher umfassen, welcher von einer im bzw. am Unterwagen angeordneten elektrischen Energiequelle über den Unterwagenkreis, die Gleichstromübertragung und den Oberwagenkreis mit Energie versorgbar ist. Durch die Gleichstromübertragung zwischen Ober- und Unterwagen können beliebige elektrische Verbraucher im Oberwagen und/oder im Unterwagen durch elektrische Energiequellen des Unterwagens versorgt werden, beispielsweise ein elektrischer Antriebsstrang für eine Arbeitsfunktion des Oberwagens und/oder ein elektrischer Fahrantrieb im Unterwagen. Darüber hinaus ist eine Energieübertragung zwischen elektrischen Energiespeichern im Oberwagen und elektrischen Energiespeichern im Unterwagen möglich. In a further possible embodiment, it is provided that the undercarriage comprises at least one electrical consumer, which can be supplied with energy from an electrical energy source also arranged in or on the undercarriage via the undercarriage. Alternatively or additionally, the uppercarriage can comprise at least one electrical consumer, which can be supplied with energy from an electrical energy source arranged in or on the undercarriage via the undercarriage circuit, the direct current transmission and the uppercarriage circuit. Due to the direct current transmission between the uppercarriage and the undercarriage, any electrical consumers in the uppercarriage and/or in the undercarriage can be supplied by electrical energy sources in the undercarriage, for example an electrical drive train for a working function of the uppercarriage and/or an electrical travel drive in the undercarriage. In addition, energy can be transferred between electrical energy storage units in the uppercarriage and electrical energy storage units in the undercarriage.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Unterwagen einen elektrischen Fahrantrieb mit mindestens einem elektrischen Fahrmotor umfasst, welcher über den Oberwagenkreis, die Gleichstromübertragung und den Unterwagenkreis von einer im Oberwagen angeordneten elektrischen Energiequelle mit Energie versorgbar ist. Optional kann der elektrische Fahrantrieb zusätzlich über den Unterwagenkreis durch eine elektrische Energiequelle des Unterwagens versorgbar sein. Die Versorgung durch Energiequellen des Oberwagens und des Unterwagens kann parallel erfolgen. Alternativ kann eine Steuereinheit vorhanden sein, die je nach Betriebszustand und/oder Benutzereingabe den elektrischen Fahrantrieb entweder vom Oberwagen und/oder vom Unterwagen aus versorgt. In a further possible embodiment, it is provided that the undercarriage comprises an electric drive with at least one electric drive motor, which can be supplied with energy via the uppercarriage circuit, the direct current transmission and the undercarriage circuit from an electrical energy source arranged in the uppercarriage. Optionally, the electric drive can also be supplied via the undercarriage circuit by an electrical energy source of the undercarriage. The supply from energy sources of the uppercarriage and the undercarriage can take place in parallel. Alternatively, a control unit can be present which, depending on the operating state and/or user input, supplies the electric drive either from the uppercarriage and/or the undercarriage.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Unterwagen mindestens einen elektrischen Verbraucher in Form eines elektrischen Fahrmotors umfasst, wobei der elektrische Fahrmotor vorzugsweise eine Radachse oder einen Raupenträger des Unterwagens antreibt. Im Falle eines Unterwagens mit Raupenfahrwerk kann jeder Raupenträger über je mindestens einen eigenen elektrischen Fahrmotor antreibbar sein. In a further possible embodiment, the undercarriage has at least one electrical consumer in the form of an electric drive motor wherein the electric drive motor preferably drives a wheel axle or a crawler carrier of the undercarriage. In the case of an undercarriage with crawler tracks, each crawler carrier can be driven by at least one of its own electric drive motors.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der mindestens eine elektrische Fahrmotor eingerichtet ist, in einem Rekuperationsbetrieb (z.B. bei einem Bremsvorgang der Baumaschine), Energie zu erzeugen, die in den Gleichspannungskreis eingespeist werden kann. Beispielsweise kann der mindestens eine elektrische Fahrmotor eingerichtet sein, im Rekuperationsbetrieb mindestens einen im Unterwagen angeordneten elektrischen Verbraucher und/oder mindestens einen im Unterwagen angeordneten elektrischen Energiespeicher über den Unterwagenkreis mit Energie zu versorgen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der mindestens eine elektrische Fahrmotor eingerichtet sein, im Rekuperationsbetrieb mindestens einen im Oberwagen angeordneten elektrischen Verbraucher und/oder mindestens einen im Oberwagen angeordneten elektrischen Energiespeicher über Unterwagenkreis, Gleichstromübertragung und Oberwagenkreis mit Energie zu versorgen. In a further possible embodiment, it is provided that the at least one electric traction motor is set up to generate energy in a recuperation mode (e.g. when the construction machine is braking), which energy can be fed into the direct current circuit. For example, the at least one electric traction motor can be set up to supply at least one electrical consumer arranged in the undercarriage and/or at least one electrical energy storage device arranged in the undercarriage with energy via the undercarriage circuit in recuperation mode. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one electric traction motor can be set up to supply at least one electrical consumer arranged in the uppercarriage and/or at least one electrical energy storage device arranged in the uppercarriage with energy via the undercarriage circuit, direct current transmission and uppercarriage circuit in recuperation mode.
Unabhängig von der konkreten Ausführungsform kann die Baumaschine vorzugsweise eine Steuereinheit umfassen, welche eingerichtet ist, die Energieströme zwischen Ober- und Unterwagen entsprechend zu steuern, beispielsweise um Energie aus einem Energiespeicher und/oder einer Energiequelle einem bestimmten elektrischen Verbraucher zuzuführen und/oder im genannten Rekuperationsbetrieb einem elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder einer elektrischen Energiequelle über einen elektrischen Fahrantrieb erzeugte Energie bereitzustellen. Irrespective of the specific embodiment, the construction machine can preferably comprise a control unit which is designed to control the energy flows between the upper and lower carriages accordingly, for example to supply energy from an energy storage device and/or an energy source to a specific electrical consumer and/or to provide energy generated via an electric drive to an electrical energy storage device and/or an electrical energy source in the aforementioned recuperation mode.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Oberwagen mindestens einen elektrischen Verbraucher in Form eines Niederspannungsbordnetzes umfasst. Bei letzterem kann es sich beispielsweise um ein 12V-Bordnetz oder ein 24V-Bordnetz handeln, wobei selbstverständlich auch ein Bordnetz mit einer beliebigen anderen Spannung vorgesehen sein kann. Ebenfalls ist es denkbar, dass die Baumaschine mehrere Niederspannungsbordnetze mit unterschiedlichen Spannungen, beispielsweise ein 12V-Bordnetz und ein 24V-Bordnetz, umfasst. In a further possible embodiment, the superstructure comprises at least one electrical consumer in the form of a low-voltage on-board network. The latter can be, for example, a 12V on-board network or a 24V on-board network, although of course an on-board network with any other voltage can also be provided. It is also conceivable that the construction machine comprises several low-voltage on-board networks with different voltages, for example a 12V on-board network and a 24V on-board network.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Oberwagen mindestens einen elektrischen Verbraucher in Form eines Elektromotors umfassen, welcher beispielsweise zum Antrieb einer Hydraulikpumpe oder eines Pumpenverteilergetriebes (z.B. für die Versorgung von Wipp- und Teleskopierzylindern bei einem Mobilkran, von einer oder mehreren Seilwinden, von einem oder mehreren Hydraulikzylindern bei einem Hydraulikbagger usw.), eines Aktuators oder einer Kühlvorrichtung der Baumaschine dient. Der Oberwagen kann mehrere derartige elektrische Verbraucher bzw. elektrische Antriebsstränge umfassen, in beliebiger Anzahl und Kombination der genannten Funktionen. Alternatively or additionally, the upper carriage can comprise at least one electrical consumer in the form of an electric motor, which serves, for example, to drive a hydraulic pump or a pump distribution gear (e.g. for supplying luffing and telescoping cylinders on a mobile crane, one or more cable winches, one or more hydraulic cylinders on a hydraulic excavator, etc.), an actuator or a cooling device of the construction machine. The upper carriage can comprise several such electrical consumers or electrical drive trains, in any number and combination of the functions mentioned.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Unterwagen eine elektrische Schnittstelle zum Anschluss einer externen Energiequelle umfasst. Bei der externen Energiequelle kann es sich beispielsweise um ein externes Stromnetz (z.B. ein Dreiphasennetz), einen Generator oder einen externen Energiespeicher handeln. Prinzipiell kommt jede Art von externer Energieversorgung in Frage, welche Energie in Form von AC oder DC bereitstellen kann. In another possible embodiment, the undercarriage includes an electrical interface for connecting an external energy source. The external energy source can be, for example, an external power grid (e.g. a three-phase network), a generator or an external energy storage device. In principle, any type of external energy supply that can provide energy in the form of AC or DC is possible.
Mindestens ein im Oberwagen angeordneter elektrischer Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher ist über die elektrische Schnittstelle, den Unterwagenkreis, die Gleichstromübertragung und den Oberwagenkreis mit Energie versorgbar. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann mindestens ein im Unterwagen angeordneter elektrischer Verbraucher oder Energiespeicher über die elektrische Schnittstelle und den Unterwagenkreis mit Energie versorgbar sein. Über die elektrische Schnittstelle können insbesondere ein oder mehrere elektrische Energiespeicher der Baumaschine aufgeladen werden. Auch ein direkter Betrieb bzw. eine direkte Versorgung von elektrischen Verbrauchern der Baumaschine ist möglich. At least one electrical consumer or energy storage device arranged in the upper carriage can be supplied with energy via the electrical interface, the undercarriage circuit, the direct current transmission and the upper carriage circuit. Alternatively or additionally, at least one electrical consumer or energy storage device arranged in the undercarriage can be supplied with energy via the electrical interface and the undercarriage circuit. In particular, one or more electrical energy storage devices of the construction machine can be charged via the electrical interface. Direct operation or direct supply of electrical consumers of the construction machine is also possible.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei der elektrischen Schnittstelle um eine Gleichstromladeschnittstelle bzw. DC-Ladeschnittstelle. Diese kann aufgrund der erfindungsge- mäßen Lösung nun vorteilhaft am Unterwagen, beispielsweise an einem Raupenträger des Unterwagens, angeordnet werden. Während des Netzbetriebs fallen die Bewegungen des Unterwagens in der Regel geringer aus als am Oberwagen (z.B. bei einer Oberwagendrehung), sodass die Anbindung der externen Energieversorgung einfacher ist. Insbesondere würde sich bei einer am Oberwagen angeordneten Ladeschnittstelle ein eingestecktes Ladekabel bei einer Drehbewegung des Oberwagens mitbewegen bzw. auf dem Boden schleifen und somit ggf. beschädigt werden. Über die DC-Ladeschnittstelle kann eingespeiste Energie dem Gleichspannungskreis bereitgestellt werden, wobei sich gegenüber AC-Ladeschnittstelen zudem der Vorteil ergibt, dass keine maschinenseitigen Ladegeräte wie z.B. Onbord-Charger (OBC) erforderlich sind. Preferably, the electrical interface is a direct current charging interface or DC charging interface. Due to the inventive According to the solution, the charging cable can now be advantageously arranged on the undercarriage, for example on a crawler carrier of the undercarriage. During mains operation, the movements of the undercarriage are generally smaller than those on the uppercarriage (e.g. when the uppercarriage rotates), so that the connection of the external energy supply is easier. In particular, with a charging interface arranged on the uppercarriage, a plugged-in charging cable would move with a rotation of the uppercarriage or drag on the ground and thus possibly be damaged. Energy fed in via the DC charging interface can be made available to the direct voltage circuit, which also has the advantage over AC charging interfaces that no machine-side charging devices such as on-board chargers (OBC) are required.
Zusätzlich zur elektrischen Ladeschnittstelle am Unterwagen kann aber auch der Oberwagen eine weitere elektrische Ladeschnittstelle (eine DC-Ladeschnittstelle o- der eine AC-Ladeschnittstelle) aufweisen. Ebenfalls ist denkbar, dass der Unterwagen mehrere elektrische Ladeschnittstellen, beispielsweise eine DC- Ladeschnittstelle und eine AC-Ladeschnittstelle, umfasst. Alternativ kann nur der Oberwagen eine oder mehrere elektrische Ladeschnittstellen aufweisen. Im Falle einer AC-Ladeschnittstelle ist diese vorzugsweise über einen AC/DC-Wandler, insbesondere über einen OBC, mit dem Gleichstromkreis (also je nach Anordnung am Ober- oder Unterwagen mit dem Ober- oder Unterwagenkreis) verbunden. In addition to the electrical charging interface on the undercarriage, the uppercarriage can also have another electrical charging interface (a DC charging interface or an AC charging interface). It is also conceivable that the undercarriage comprises several electrical charging interfaces, for example a DC charging interface and an AC charging interface. Alternatively, only the uppercarriage can have one or more electrical charging interfaces. In the case of an AC charging interface, this is preferably connected to the direct current circuit (i.e., depending on the arrangement on the uppercarriage or undercarriage, to the uppercarriage or undercarriage circuit) via an AC/DC converter, in particular via an OBC.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Gleichstromübertragung eine Schleifringverbindung mit einem mit dem Unterwagenkreis verbundenen ersten Schleifringkontakt und einem mit dem Oberwagenkreis verbundenen zweiten Schleifringkontakt umfasst. Vorzugsweise umfasst die DC- Schleifringverbindung einen mit dem Unterwagenkreis verbundenen ersten Schleifringkörper und einen mit dem Oberwagenkreis verbundenen zweiten Schleifringkörper. Die Schleifringverbindung stellt die Gleichstrom- bzw. DC-Übertragung zwischen Ober- und Unterwagen bei einer beliebigen Drehstellung des Oberwagens gegenüber dem Unterwagen sicher. Die DC-Übertragung bleibt also auch bei einer Drehung des Oberwagens und bei einer beliebigen Winkelstellung bestehen. Die DC-Schleifringverbindung ist vorzugsweise an oder in einer Drehverbindung zwischen dem Oberwagen und dem Unterwagen der Baumaschine angeordnet. Die Drehverbindung umfasst vorzugsweise ein Drehwerk mit mindestens einem hydraulischen oder elektrischen Drehantrieb. Letzterer stellt vorzugsweise einen elektrischen Verbraucher (bzw. bei einem hydraulischen Drehantrieb der Elektromotor, der die zugehörige Hydraulikpumpe oder das zugehörige Pumpenverteilergetriebe antreibt) dar, der über den Gleichstromkreis versorgt wird. In a further possible embodiment, the direct current transmission comprises a slip ring connection with a first slip ring contact connected to the undercarriage circuit and a second slip ring contact connected to the uppercarriage circuit. The DC slip ring connection preferably comprises a first slip ring body connected to the undercarriage circuit and a second slip ring body connected to the uppercarriage circuit. The slip ring connection ensures the direct current or DC transmission between the uppercarriage and the undercarriage in any rotational position of the uppercarriage relative to the undercarriage. The DC transmission therefore remains intact even when the uppercarriage rotates and in any angular position. The DC slip ring connection is preferably arranged on or in a rotary joint between the upper carriage and the undercarriage of the construction machine. The rotary joint preferably comprises a rotary mechanism with at least one hydraulic or electric rotary drive. The latter preferably represents an electrical consumer (or, in the case of a hydraulic rotary drive, the electric motor that drives the associated hydraulic pump or the associated pump distribution gear) that is supplied via the DC circuit.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Gleichstromübertragung zur bidirektionalen Gleichstromübertragung zwischen Unterwagenkreis und Oberwagenkreis eingerichtet ist. Durch die Gleichstromübertragung kann also sowohl Gleichstrom vom Ober- zum Unterwagen als auch umgekehrt vom Unter- zum Oberwagen übertragen werden. Dadurch können elektrische Energiequellen und elektrische Energiesenken bzw. Verbraucher flexibel an der Baumaschine angeordnet und beliebig auf Unterwagen und Oberwagen aufgeteilt werden. In another possible embodiment, the direct current transmission is set up for bidirectional direct current transmission between the undercarriage circuit and the uppercarriage circuit. The direct current transmission can therefore transmit direct current from the uppercarriage to the undercarriage and vice versa from the undercarriage to the uppercarriage. This means that electrical energy sources and electrical energy sinks or consumers can be arranged flexibly on the construction machine and distributed as desired between the undercarriage and uppercarriage.
In einer weiteren möglichen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass der Gleichspannungskreis ein Hochvoltkreis ist. Dies kann insbesondere bedeuten, dass die Gleichspannung im Gleichspannungskreis zwischen 60V und 1500V liegen kann, wobei prinzipiell höhere Spannungen ebenfalls denkbar sind. Alternativ kann der Gleichspannungskreis für Gleichspannungen von weniger als 60V ausgelegt sein, beispielsweise bei kleineren Baumaschinen. In another possible embodiment, the DC voltage circuit is a high-voltage circuit. This can mean in particular that the DC voltage in the DC voltage circuit can be between 60V and 1500V, although higher voltages are also conceivable in principle. Alternatively, the DC voltage circuit can be designed for DC voltages of less than 60V, for example in smaller construction machines.
Generell kann der Gleichspannungskreis mindestens eine Leistungselektronikkomponente umfassen, beispielsweise einen oder mehrere Frequenzumrichter bzw. AC/AC-Wandler, Wechselrichter bzw. DC-AC-Wandler, Gleichrichter bzw. AC/DC- Wandler, Schaltregler, DC/DC-Wandler und/oder Stromrichter bzw. Schaltnetzteile. In general, the DC voltage circuit can comprise at least one power electronics component, for example one or more frequency converters or AC/AC converters, inverters or DC-AC converters, rectifiers or AC/DC converters, switching regulators, DC/DC converters and/or power converters or switching power supplies.
Der Gleichstromkreis bildet insbesondere einen DC-Zwischenkreis. Weitere Merkmale, Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nachfolgend anhand der Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigen: The direct current circuit forms in particular a DC intermediate circuit. Further features, details and advantages of the invention emerge from the embodiments explained below with reference to the figures. They show:
Figur 1 : eine schematische Darstellung des elektrischen Bordnetzes einer aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Baumaschine; und Figure 1: a schematic representation of the electrical system of a construction machine known from the prior art; and
Figur 2: eine schematische Darstellung des elektrischen Bordnetzes der erfindungsgemäßen Baumaschine gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel. Figure 2: a schematic representation of the electrical system of the construction machine according to the invention according to an embodiment.
Die Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Darstellung das elektrische Bordnetz eines Beispiels einer bekannten Baumaschine 1 und wurde bereits eingangs beschrieben. Bei diesem Beispiel ist kein Oberwagen vorhanden und die elektrischen Verbraucher 30 werden allesamt über einen Gleichspannungskreis 20 mit Energie der vorhandenen elektrischen Energiequellen versorgt, wobei in diesem Beispiel eine Primärenergiequelle 42, ein elektrischer Energiespeicher 40 und eine externe Energiequelle 60, welche über eine elektrische AC-Schnittstelle 52 und einen AC/DC-Wandler 54 an den Gleichspannungskreis 20 angebunden ist, vorhanden sind. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the electrical system of an example of a known construction machine 1 and has already been described at the beginning. In this example, there is no superstructure and the electrical consumers 30 are all supplied with energy from the existing electrical energy sources via a DC voltage circuit 20, whereby in this example there is a primary energy source 42, an electrical energy storage device 40 and an external energy source 60, which is connected to the DC voltage circuit 20 via an electrical AC interface 52 and an AC/DC converter 54.
Die Figur 2 zeigt schematisch das elektrische Bordnetz eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Baumaschine 10. Bei dem hier betrachteten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst die Baumaschine 10 einen Unterwagen 12 mit einem elektrischen Fahrantrieb und einen drehbar auf dem Unterwagen 12 gelagerten Oberwagen 14. Die Systemgrenzen von Unterwagen 12 und Oberwagen 14 sind durch gestrichelte Kästen angedeutet. Figure 2 shows schematically the electrical system of a preferred embodiment of the construction machine 10 according to the invention. In the embodiment considered here, the construction machine 10 comprises an undercarriage 12 with an electric drive and an upper carriage 14 rotatably mounted on the undercarriage 12. The system boundaries of the undercarriage 12 and upper carriage 14 are indicated by dashed boxes.
Komponenten, die dieselben Bezugszeichen aufweisen, wie Komponenten der Figur 1 , stellen gleiche Komponenten oder Komponenten mit derselben Funktion dar. Insbesondere können die in der Figur 2 nicht näher spezifizierten Komponenten 30, 42 gleiche Unterkomponenten aufweisen wie diejenigen der Figur 1. Die diesbezüglichen Ausführungen zu Beginn der Beschreibung gelten daher auch für die Komponenten der Figur 2 (z.B. in Bezug auf das Ausführungsbeispiel der Primärenergiequelle 42 mit Verbrennungsmotor 43, Generator 44 und AC/DC-Wandler 45, das Ausführungsbeispiel des elektrischen Verbrauchers 30 mit DC/DC-Wandler 38 und Niederspannungsbordnetz 34 und/oder das Ausführungsbeispiel des elektrischen Verbrauchers 30 mit DC/AC-Wandler 36 und Elektromotor 32). Components that have the same reference numerals as components in Figure 1 represent the same components or components with the same function. In particular, the components 30, 42 not specified in detail in Figure 2 can have the same subcomponents as those in Figure 1. The relevant statements at the beginning of the description therefore also apply to the components in Figure 2 (e.g. in relation to the embodiment of the primary energy source 42 with combustion engine 43, generator 44 and AC/DC converter 45, the Embodiment of the electrical consumer 30 with DC/DC converter 38 and low-voltage on-board network 34 and/or the embodiment of the electrical consumer 30 with DC/AC converter 36 and electric motor 32).
Der Oberwagen 14 des gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Baumaschine 10 umfasst mehrere elektrische Verbraucher 30. Mindestens einer dieser elektrischen Verbraucher 30 kann einen Elektromotor 32 umfassen, der ein Pumpenverteilergetriebe antreibt, um einen oder mehrere hydraulische Aktuatoren (nicht gezeigt) zu versorgen. Alternativ können die entsprechenden Arbeitsfunktionen direkt durch elektrische Aktuatoren antreibbar sein (z.B. ein elektrischer Drehantrieb für ein Drehwerk des Oberwagens 14, ein elektrischer Windenmotor und/oder ein elektrischer Linearantrieb zur Verstellung einer Baumaschinenkomponente). Mindestens ein elektrischer Verbraucher 30 kann ein Niederspannungsbordnetz 34 (z.B. ein 24V-Bordnetz) umfassen bzw. darstellen. The upper carriage 14 of the illustrated embodiment of the construction machine 10 according to the invention comprises a plurality of electrical consumers 30. At least one of these electrical consumers 30 can comprise an electric motor 32 that drives a pump distribution gear to supply one or more hydraulic actuators (not shown). Alternatively, the corresponding work functions can be driven directly by electrical actuators (e.g. an electric rotary drive for a slewing gear of the upper carriage 14, an electric winch motor and/or an electric linear drive for adjusting a construction machine component). At least one electrical consumer 30 can comprise or represent a low-voltage on-board network 34 (e.g. a 24V on-board network).
Der Oberwagen 14 umfasst in dem hier schematisch illustrierten Ausführungsbeispiel zwei elektrische Energiequellen: einen elektrischen Energiespeicher 40 (beispielsweise ein batteriegestütztes Energiespeichersystem) und eine Primärenergiequelle 42 (beispielsweise eine Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1 mit einem Verbrennungsmotor 43 oder eine Anordnung mit einer oder mehreren Brennstoffzellen). Diese elektrischen Energiequellen 40, 42 und Verbraucher 30 sind über einen Gleichspannungskreis 20 miteinander verbunden, welcher in dem hier diskutierten Ausführungsbeispiel ein DC-Hochvolt-Gleichstromnetz darstellt, das beispielsweise für Gleichspannungen im Bereich 60-1500 V ausgelegt ist. Der Gleichspannungskreis 20 umfasst vorzugsweise entsprechende Leistungselektronikkomponenten wie einen DC/AC-Wandler 36 für die Versorgung eines Elektromotors 32, einen DC/DC-Wandler 38 für die Versorgung eines Niederspannungsbordnetzes 34 und/oder einen AC/DC-Wandler 45 für die Anbindung eines Generators 44 einer Primärenergiequelle 42. In the embodiment illustrated schematically here, the superstructure 14 comprises two electrical energy sources: an electrical energy storage device 40 (for example a battery-supported energy storage system) and a primary energy source 42 (for example an arrangement according to Fig. 1 with an internal combustion engine 43 or an arrangement with one or more fuel cells). These electrical energy sources 40, 42 and consumers 30 are connected to one another via a direct voltage circuit 20, which in the embodiment discussed here represents a DC high-voltage direct current network that is designed for direct voltages in the range 60-1500 V, for example. The direct voltage circuit 20 preferably comprises corresponding power electronics components such as a DC/AC converter 36 for supplying an electric motor 32, a DC/DC converter 38 for supplying a low-voltage on-board network 34 and/or an AC/DC converter 45 for connecting a generator 44 to a primary energy source 42.
Der Unterwagen 12 weist im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls mehrere elektrische Verbraucher 30 in Form von elektrischen Fahrmotoren auf. Die elektri- sehen Fahrmotoren 30 können dem Antrieb von Raupenträgern eines Raupenfahrwerks des Unterwagens 12 dienen. Um die elektrischen Fahrmotoren 30 im Unterwagen 12 mit DC-Strom aus dem Gleichspannungskreis 20 versorgen zu können, erstreckt sich dieser vom Oberwagen 14 bis in den Unterwagen 12 über eine Gleichstromübertragung 24 (diese ist in der Figur 2 schematisch als Kasten 24 dargestellt und könnte auch als Gleichspannungsverbindung bezeichnet werden). Diese ist insbesondere entsprechend der Auslegung des Gleichspannungskreises 20 für eine Gleichspannung von 60-1500 V ausgelegt. Der Teil des Gleichspannungskreises 20, der sich im Oberwagen 14 befindet, wird hierin als Oberwagenkreis 21 bezeichnet und ist in der Figur 2 schematisch durch einen Kasten 21 illustriert. Der Teil des Gleichspannungskreises 20, der sich im Unterwagen 12 befindet, wird hierin als Unterwagenkreis 22 bezeichnet und ist in der Figur 2 schematisch durch einen Kasten 22 illustriert. Der Oberwagenkreis 21 ist mit dem Unterwagenkreis 22 über die Gleichstromübertragung 24 verbunden. In the embodiment shown here, the undercarriage 12 also has several electrical consumers 30 in the form of electric traction motors. The electrical The drive motors 30 can be used to drive crawler supports of a crawler chassis of the undercarriage 12. In order to be able to supply the electric drive motors 30 in the undercarriage 12 with DC current from the direct current circuit 20, this extends from the upper carriage 14 into the undercarriage 12 via a direct current transmission 24 (this is shown schematically in Figure 2 as box 24 and could also be referred to as a direct current connection). This is designed in particular according to the design of the direct current circuit 20 for a direct voltage of 60-1500 V. The part of the direct current circuit 20 that is located in the upper carriage 14 is referred to herein as the upper carriage circuit 21 and is illustrated schematically in Figure 2 by a box 21. The part of the DC voltage circuit 20 which is located in the undercarriage 12 is referred to herein as the undercarriage circuit 22 and is illustrated schematically in Figure 2 by a box 22. The upper carriage circuit 21 is connected to the undercarriage circuit 22 via the DC transmission 24.
Ferner kann die Baumaschine 10, wie in der Figur 2 angedeutet ist, am Unterwagen 12 eine elektrische Ladeschnittstelle 50 zum Anschluss einer externen Energiequelle 60 aufweisen. Bei der Schnittstelle 50 handelt es sich vorzugsweise um eine DC- Ladeschnittstelle zum Einspeisen von DC-Energie in den Gleichspannungskreis 20. Dadurch kann auf Zusatzkomponenten wie z.B. einen OBC verzichtet werden. Furthermore, as indicated in Figure 2, the construction machine 10 can have an electrical charging interface 50 on the undercarriage 12 for connecting an external energy source 60. The interface 50 is preferably a DC charging interface for feeding DC energy into the direct voltage circuit 20. This means that additional components such as an OBC can be dispensed with.
Über die Gleichstromübertragung 24 kann Gleichstrom vom Oberwagenkreis 21 zum Unterwagenkreis 22 oder umgekehrt übertragen werden (bidirektionale DC- Übertragung). Die Steuerung der entsprechenden Energieströme kann durch eine nicht dargestellte Steuereinheit vorgenommen werden. Die Gleichstromübertragung 24 zwischen den sich relativ zueinander drehenden Abschnitten der Baumaschine 10 (d.h. zwischen Unterwagen 12 und Oberwagen 14) kann mittels DC- Schleifringkörpern (nicht dargestellt) erfolgen. Via the direct current transmission 24, direct current can be transmitted from the upper carriage circuit 21 to the lower carriage circuit 22 or vice versa (bidirectional DC transmission). The corresponding energy flows can be controlled by a control unit (not shown). The direct current transmission 24 between the sections of the construction machine 10 that rotate relative to one another (i.e. between the lower carriage 12 and the upper carriage 14) can be carried out by means of DC slip ring bodies (not shown).
Die erfindungsgemäße Maschinenkonfiguration mit DC-Übertragung 24 zwischen Ober- und Unterwagen 12, 14 bietet hinsichtlich der Elektrifizierung von Baumaschinen einige Vorteile: • Es können leistungselektronische Komponenten im Unterwagen 12 der Baumaschine 10 versorgt werden. Dies ermöglicht beispielsweise The machine configuration according to the invention with DC transmission 24 between the upper and lower carriages 12, 14 offers several advantages with regard to the electrification of construction machinery: • Power electronic components in the undercarriage 12 of the construction machine 10 can be supplied. This enables, for example,
- eine Elektrifizierung von Fahrantrieben; - electrification of traction drives;
- eine Verringerung der Kabellängen und zusätzlicher AC- Schleifringüberträger durch den Aufbau eines lokalen DC-Zwischenkreises im Unterwagen 12 (Vermeidung unnötiger Schnittstellen). - a reduction in cable lengths and additional AC slip ring transmitters by setting up a local DC intermediate circuit in the undercarriage 12 (avoiding unnecessary interfaces).
• Es sind DC-Ladeschnittstellen 50 am Unterwagen 12 (z.B. an einem Raupenträger) möglich. Dadurch kann die eingespeiste Energie über die DC-Übertragung 24 dem Gleichspannungsbordnetz 20 im Unter- und Oberwagen 12, 14 zur Verfügung gestellt werden. • DC charging interfaces 50 are possible on the undercarriage 12 (e.g. on a crawler carrier). This means that the energy fed in can be made available to the direct current on-board network 20 in the undercarriage and uppercarriage 12, 14 via the DC transmission 24.
- Ladeschnittstellen bieten sich insbesondere am Unterwagen 12 bzw. einem Raupenträger an, da während des Netzbetriebs die Bewegungsumfänge am Unterwagen 12 geringer ausfallen als am Oberwagen 14. - Charging interfaces are particularly suitable for the undercarriage 12 or a crawler carrier, since the range of motion on the undercarriage 12 is smaller than on the uppercarriage 14 during mains operation.
- DC-Ladeschnittstellen 50 bieten zudem den Vorteil, dass keine maschinenseitigen Ladegeräte 54 (z.B. Onbord charger, OBC) erforderlich sind. - DC charging interfaces 50 also offer the advantage that no machine-side chargers 54 (e.g. on-board charger, OBC) are required.
Bezugszeichenliste: List of reference symbols:
1 Baumaschine (Stand der Technik) 1 construction machine (state of the art)
10 Baumaschine 10 construction machines
12 Unterwagen 12 undercarriages
14 Oberwagen 14 superstructures
20 Gleichspannungskreis 20 DC circuit
21 Oberwagenkreis 21 upper carriage circle
22 Unterwagenkreis 22 undercarriage circle
24 Gleichstromübertragung 24 direct current transmission
30 Elektrischer Verbraucher 30 Electrical Consumers
32 Elektromotor 32 electric motor
34 Niederspannungsbordnetz 34 low-voltage on-board network
36 DC/AC-Wandler 36 DC/AC converters
38 DC/DC-Wandler Elektrischer Energiespeicher Primärenergiequelle Verbrennungsmotor Elektrischer Generator AC/DC-Wandler DC-Ladeschnittstelle AC-Ladeschnittstelle AC/DC-Wandler / OBC Externe Energiequelle 38 DC/DC converters Electrical energy storage Primary energy source Combustion engine Electric generator AC/DC converter DC charging interface AC charging interface AC/DC converter / OBC External energy source
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24718139.9A EP4683816A1 (en) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-04-05 | Construction machine with dc voltage on-board power supply system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023115441.9 | 2023-06-14 | ||
| DE102023115441.9A DE102023115441A1 (en) | 2023-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | construction machine with DC on-board power supply |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024256053A1 true WO2024256053A1 (en) | 2024-12-19 |
Family
ID=90720442
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/059340 Ceased WO2024256053A1 (en) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-04-05 | Construction machine with dc voltage on-board power supply system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4683816A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102023115441A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024256053A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010063911A1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Terex Demag Gmbh | Crane i.e. large mobile electrically operated crane, has energy storage unit arranged locally on crane, and drive motor connected to power consumer system for operating crane component in response to energy fed into power consumer system |
| US20170121937A1 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2017-05-04 | Volvo Construction Equipment Ab | A power connection device |
| DE102020108856A1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-09-30 | Liebherr-Hydraulikbagger Gmbh | Mobile work machine |
| DE102021119538A1 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Power supply system and method for a working machine |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011108893C5 (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2022-05-12 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Driving device for a crane |
| DE102015116506A1 (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-03-30 | Olko-Maschinentechnik Gmbh | Mobile shaft winch |
-
2023
- 2023-06-14 DE DE102023115441.9A patent/DE102023115441A1/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-05 WO PCT/EP2024/059340 patent/WO2024256053A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2024-04-05 EP EP24718139.9A patent/EP4683816A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010063911A1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Terex Demag Gmbh | Crane i.e. large mobile electrically operated crane, has energy storage unit arranged locally on crane, and drive motor connected to power consumer system for operating crane component in response to energy fed into power consumer system |
| US20170121937A1 (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2017-05-04 | Volvo Construction Equipment Ab | A power connection device |
| DE102020108856A1 (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-09-30 | Liebherr-Hydraulikbagger Gmbh | Mobile work machine |
| DE102021119538A1 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Power supply system and method for a working machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4683816A1 (en) | 2026-01-28 |
| DE102023115441A1 (en) | 2024-12-19 |
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