WO2024256441A1 - Pack-batterie comportant un fluide caloporteur apte a contenir l'emballement thermique des accumulateurs electrochimiques du pack-batterie - Google Patents
Pack-batterie comportant un fluide caloporteur apte a contenir l'emballement thermique des accumulateurs electrochimiques du pack-batterie Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024256441A1 WO2024256441A1 PCT/EP2024/066181 EP2024066181W WO2024256441A1 WO 2024256441 A1 WO2024256441 A1 WO 2024256441A1 EP 2024066181 W EP2024066181 W EP 2024066181W WO 2024256441 A1 WO2024256441 A1 WO 2024256441A1
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- accumulator
- transfer fluid
- heat transfer
- housing
- overpressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
- H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
- H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
- H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
- H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
- H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Battery pack comprising a heat transfer fluid capable of containing the thermal runaway of the electrochemical accumulators of the battery pack
- the invention relates to the field of batteries comprising electrochemical accumulators, in particular accumulators with liquid and/or gel electrolyte. They are composed of two electrodes (cathode and anode) separated by an insulating membrane (or separator) and the whole immersed in a liquid or gel electrolyte.
- the chemical compounds used are multiple to obtain high capacity accumulators.
- the most commonly used compound currently is associated with the family of technology called Lithium-Ion, and subfamilies exist using other associations of chemical materials such as Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), Lithium-Cobalt-Oxide (LCO), Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) and Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC).
- LFP Lithium Iron Phosphate
- LCO Lithium-Cobalt-Oxide
- NCA Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum
- NMC Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt
- Another family is emerging to overcome the problem of lithium supply, this is Sodium-Ion technology.
- These accumulators have high energy capacities to meet the needs of the applications.
- a high energy capacity is particularly useful in the field of transport.
- These accumulators are assembled in battery packs to integrate into propulsion systems, which are called all-electric when the battery (or battery pack) is the sole source of energy or called hybridized when the battery pack shares the energy supply with another source of energy.
- These accumulators are also used to constitute high-capacity battery packs to meet a need for so-called stationary energy storage such as the storage of renewable energies on electrical networks.
- the fields of application are vast and are not limited to the field of land and aeronautical transport, and electrical networks. Also, the application of the present invention concerns all fields that can use high-capacity electrochemical accumulators subject to thermal runaway in the event of abusive use.
- thermal runaway may be linked to internal alterations of the accumulator (degradation of the accumulator materials generating a short- internal circuit, such as a perforation of a separator by the appearance of dendrites).
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates a perforation P of a separator S of an accumulator between an anode A and a cathode C.
- Thermal runaway can also be linked to abusive external environmental conditions (temperature, vibrations, shocks) and/or functional conditions during the charging or discharging of the accumulators.
- an electrochemical accumulator when hot, an electrochemical accumulator must operate within a defined temperature range, generally less than 70°C at its external surface. Beyond the defined temperature range, damage to the materials constituting the accumulator occurs and is the cause of thermal runaway in the accumulator. Thermal runaway continues in the accumulator when the energy released by the exothermic reactions occurring inside the accumulator exceeds the capacity to dissipate it to the outside and when the defective accumulator cannot be isolated to cool it.
- thermal runaway can start in one accumulator and spread to one or more neighboring accumulators, or even to the entire battery.
- the invention aims to improve this solution not only by cooling the accumulators but above all by limiting, in the event of thermal runaway starting in an accumulator, the thermal runaway to the accumulator concerned only.
- the invention proposes for this purpose a battery comprising: at least one electrochemical accumulator comprising an active part and an envelope enclosing said active part; a housing housing said at least one accumulator; and a heat transfer fluid contained in the housing, the envelope comprising a weakened zone configured to open under the effect of an overpressure in the accumulator and to evacuate gases produced by the active part of the accumulator causing the overpressure.
- the heat transfer fluid in contact with the gases produced by the accumulator changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state.
- the solution provided by the invention thus makes it possible to contain the start of a thermal runaway causing excess pressure in the defective accumulator by directly containing the gases produced by the accumulator. Opening the weakened zone of the casing of the defective accumulator allows the fluid to quickly access the gases produced by the accumulator, and thus to circumscribe the thermal runaway as close as possible to its origin and prevent its progression to the heart of the accumulator.
- the invention reduces the risk of thermal runaway spreading to adjacent cells by directly and rapidly cooling the defective accumulator.
- the heat transfer fluid enters through the open weakened zone so as to contain at least part of the gases produced by the accumulator.
- the heat transfer fluid comes into contact, outside the accumulator, with at least part of the evacuated gases.
- the heat transfer fluid has a liquid/gaseous state change temperature higher than a skin temperature during thermal runaway causing the opening of the weakened zone of said at least one electrochemical accumulator.
- the envelope includes a structural weakness forming the weakened zone, the weakened zone being configured to rupture open under the effect of overpressure in the accumulator.
- the heat transfer fluid is a non-flammable oil.
- the heat transfer fluid has a viscosity of between 0.3 mm 2 .s and 5 mm 2 .s, preferably between 1 mm 2 .s and 5 mm 2 .s.
- the battery further comprises a bladder assembled to the housing and configured to absorb pressure variations in the housing.
- the battery further comprises a pressure sensor configured to detect excess pressure in the housing.
- the housing comprises a valve configured to open during an overpressure in the housing and/or in said at least one accumulator.
- the battery comprises several accumulators and several envelopes, the accumulators being arranged in series or in parallel in the housing, each envelope enclosing one of the accumulators.
- Figure 1 schematically represents an accumulator comprising a perforated separator
- Figure 2 schematically represents a battery pack according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 represents an accumulator of the battery pack
- Figure 4 is a detailed view of Figure 3
- Figure 5 represents the battery pack according to another embodiment
- Figure 6 is a sectional view of the battery pack of Figure 5.
- Figure 2 shows a battery or battery pack 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- the battery pack 1 comprises a housing 2 and several electrochemical accumulators or cells 3.
- FIG. 2 An upper wall of the housing 2 is not shown in FIG. 2 but is visible in FIGS. 5 and 6 representing another embodiment.
- the housing 2 is preferably rigid.
- the housing 2 may be made of metallic material or composite material.
- the housing 2 here has a parallelepiped shape but can of course have a different shape.
- the accumulators 3 are arranged in series or in parallel in the housing 2.
- the accumulators 3 of the same housing 2 form a module. Fourteen accumulators 3 are shown in FIG. 2.
- the modules establish a first barrier to the propagation of a defect of an accumulator 3.
- the presence of modules is optional. In the absence of a module, all the accumulators are combined in a single housing.
- the integration of modules is dictated by reasons of manufacturability and maintenance of the battery pack.
- the battery pack may comprise a housing (not shown) housing all of the modules.
- said housing houses several housings 2.
- connection bars 4 usually called busbars.
- the busbars 4 are for example screwed or welded to the accumulators 3.
- the busbars 4 allow the electrical connection between the accumulators 3.
- the modules are also connected to each other, in particular by busbars 4.
- the busbars 4 are for example made of copper.
- Battery packs for high energy capacity applications comprise several electrochemical accumulators associated in series-parallel to meet the voltage, energy and power requirements of the intended application.
- the voltage level is obtained by placing the accumulators in series and the energy and power level is obtained by placing the accumulators in parallel.
- accumulators For safety reasons, achieving the voltage, energy and power levels requires accumulators to be grouped together to form a module. The modules are then positioned in parallel series to meet the specifications of the intended application.
- each module comprises up to sixteen accumulators 3 connected in series, each module having a voltage of 60 V.
- Nine modules can be connected together to obtain the desired voltage, for example 540 V in the case of a series connection of all the modules.
- Each electrochemical accumulator 3 comprises an active part and an envelope 300.
- the active part of the accumulator 3 comprises two electrodes, namely a cathode and an anode.
- the active part also comprises at least one separator for insulating the electrodes from each other.
- the assembly can be impregnated with a liquid or gelled electrolyte.
- the active part of the accumulator thus comprises the electrodes, at least one separator, and an electrolyte.
- these components or active part of the accumulator 3 are not shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 but are shown in FIG. 1 showing in a simplified manner the architecture of the accumulator 3.
- Each envelope 300 contains the active part of one of the accumulators 3.
- the envelope 300 is sealed or hermetic.
- the casing 300 is generally rigid (hard).
- the rigid casing 300 is made for example from a metallic material such as aluminum, nickel or steel.
- the casing 300 can be flexible.
- the flexible casing 300 is made with nylon-type materials.
- the envelope 300 has a cylindrical shape.
- the envelope 300 comprises a side wall 301 and transverse walls 302.
- a transverse plane is understood to mean a plane orthogonal to a median plane of the envelope passing through a height of the envelope.
- the envelope 300 may have a different shape, for example, prismatic (as is the case in FIG. 6), button (in English “button cell” whose shape is cylindrical and flat) or a so-called “pocket” format.
- the envelope 300 may be formed in one piece or comprise several parts.
- the envelope 300 comprises several parts.
- the envelope 300 comprises a main body 303 and a closing disk 304.
- the main body 303 is here substantially cylindrical.
- the main body 303 is in particular cylindrical, the accumulator 3 having a generally cylindrical shape.
- the main body 303 may have other shapes, for example oblong, oval, or having straight edges and rounded ends.
- the main body 303 has on one end a transverse opening 305.
- the closing disk 304 is assembled to the main body 303.
- the closing disk 304 closes the transverse opening 305 of the main body 303.
- the closing disk 304 thus forms one of the transverse walls 302 of the casing 300.
- the casing 300 also comprises a seal 306.
- the seal 306 is disposed between the main body 303 and the sealing disk 304.
- the casing 303 comprises a weakened zone 307 configured to open under the effect of an overpressure in the accumulator 3.
- the weakened zone 307 is a zone in which the casing 300 is weakened so that said zone is the first to open in the event of an overpressure in the accumulator 3.
- the casing 300 may comprise a structural weakness forming the weakened zone 307.
- the weakened zone 307 is calibrated and rated to open at a certain pressure level or threshold. Overpressure can occur in an accumulator 3 during thermal runaway thereof. This phenomenon is detailed later.
- the structural weakness forms a mechanical fuse.
- the structural weakness may typically be a reduction in the thickness of the envelope 300 over an area of the envelope 300.
- the structural weakness may also be a local weakening, for example by marking or punching, on one of the walls of the envelope 300.
- the weakened zone 307 is here formed in the transverse wall, here the closure disk 304.
- the weakened zone 307 is formed by a boss made on the closure disk 304.
- the boss is for example made by punching in order to locally weaken the closure disk 304.
- the boss has a thickness less than the rest of the closure disk.
- the weakened zone 307 can be provided elsewhere in the envelope 300, for example in the side wall 301.
- the weakened zone 307 may be formed and/or have a shape other than a boss.
- the weakened zone 307 is configured to open by rupture under the effect of the overpressure in the accumulator 3. When there is overpressure, the weakened zone 307 deforms to the point of opening the casing 300 at the level of said weakened zone 307. The size of the opening becomes increasingly larger depending on the pressure of the gases released by the accumulator 3.
- the battery pack 1 further comprises a heat transfer fluid 5.
- the heat transfer fluid is contained in the housing. The casing of each accumulator 3 is thus in contact with the heat transfer fluid.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 exceeds the height of the accumulators 3. In other words, the heat transfer fluid 5 covers the accumulators 3.
- a vacuum filling of the housing 2 with the heat transfer fluid 5 can be carried out. This makes it possible to guarantee a good distribution of the heat transfer fluid 5 over all of the accumulators 3 and to avoid trapping air bubbles in the housing 2 which could prevent contact of the heat transfer fluid 5 with the accumulators 3.
- the battery pack 1 has an oil presence sensor to detect a possible leak in the pack housing.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 has a viscosity such that, during an overpressure in one of the accumulators 3, the heat transfer fluid 5 penetrates through the open weakened zone 307 so as to cool the accumulator 3.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 has a viscosity of between 0.3 mm 2 .s and 5 mm 2 .s, preferably between 1 mm 2 .s and 5 mm 2 .s.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 is preferably non-flammable to avoid causing a fire within the battery pack 1.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 is advantageously an oil.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 is a synthetic oil.
- the oil does not have a flash point and auto-ignition temperature.
- the oil has the characteristic of being non-flammable, for example a non-flammable fluorinated type oil.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 may be water, in particular demineralized water.
- the temperature at the core of the accumulator 3 rises until it is no longer controllable. In particular, the temperature at the core of the accumulator 3 rises until it reaches a thermal runaway temperature Te. Due to the sealing of the accumulator 3 permitted by the casing 300, the pressure rises in the accumulator 3. When the accumulator 3 is under overpressure, the weakened zone 307 opens. The weakened zone 307 releases the electrolyte of the accumulator 3 in the form of flammable gases.
- the accumulator 3 is overpressurized when it exceeds a threshold pressure Ps. This is the consequence of the temperature rise in the accumulator 3.
- the threshold pressure Ps is for example between 13 and 15 bars.
- the threshold pressure Ps is in particular between 13 and 15 bars for cylindrical 18650 accumulator formats.
- Thermal runaway temperature Te is understood to mean a temperature threshold beyond which the temperature inside the accumulator rises in an uncontrolled manner. This threshold is reached when the exothermic reaction that occurs following a defect or abusive use of the accumulator cannot be cooled. In this case, the temperature continues to rise, self-feeding itself by this rise in temperature, and the defective accumulator enters a positive feedback process.
- the thermal runaway temperature Te depends in particular on the components of the accumulator 3 and also on its state of charge (SoC for “State of Charge”) of the accumulator 3.
- SoC state of charge
- the thermal runaway temperature Te is revealed by measuring the temperature of the skin of the accumulator 3.
- the accumulator 3 is considered to have gone into thermal runaway when the skin temperature Tp of the accumulator 3, i.e. the temperature taken on an external surface of the walls 301, 302 of the casing, reaches a temperature range of between 70°C and 120°C.
- the temperatures of the gases generated by the thermal runaway at the core of the accumulator can exceed 800°C or even 1000°C.
- the gases generated within the accumulator 3 by the exothermic reaction are released by the opening of the weakened zone 307, the pressure threshold Ps being reached.
- the opening of the envelope can also be carried out at other locations on the envelope 300; producing an opening of the envelope through which the gases escape.
- the gases evacuated at least in part from the accumulator by the weakened zone 307 are at least at the thermal runaway temperature or even at a higher temperature.
- the gases come into contact with the heat transfer fluid 5 which changes phase, thus absorbing the calories evacuated by these hot gases.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 thus locally contains the temperature.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 comes into contact with the gases produced by the accumulator 3 outside and/or inside the accumulator.
- the heat transfer fluid can come into contact with the gases evacuated by the weakened zone.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 can also come into contact with the gases inside the accumulator 3.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 enters through the weakened zone 307 of the casing 300 of the accumulator 3 and diffuses inside, mixing with the electrolyte and approaching the origin of the start of the thermal runaway.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 comes into contact with the core of the accumulator 3.
- the returning heat transfer fluid 5 migrates towards the core of the accumulator 3 and therefore near the central heating point to smother it. This prevents the thermal runaway from continuing to progress both inside the accumulator 3 and outside the accumulator 3. This also prevents the thermal runaway from spreading to neighboring accumulators 3. It is thus possible to circumscribe the source of the fault.
- the present invention takes advantage of the property of the latent heat of vaporization of the heat transfer fluid 5 to contain the thermal runaway of the defective accumulator within the accumulator when the latter opens during a thermal runaway.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 enters the accumulator 3 and dilutes in the liquid of the electrolyte of the accumulator 3 gradually reaching the contact of the zone where thermal heating has occurred.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 enters the accumulator 3 contributing to reaching as close as possible to the heating that has been created in the accumulator 3. This makes it possible to act as close as possible to the defect and thus to stifle the heating.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 has a liquid/gaseous state change temperature Te.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 has a liquid/gaseous state change temperature Te higher than the skin temperature Tp of the envelope.
- Te liquid/gaseous state change temperature
- the liquid/gas state change temperature Te is higher than the skin temperature Tp of the casing when the weakened zone 307 is open. For example, thermal runaway generates a rise in the internal temperature such that the skin temperature Tp of the accumulator reaches a temperature between 70°C and 120°C and such that this rise in temperature also causes the weakened zone 307 to open, releasing hot gases.
- the liquid/gas state change temperature Te is chosen so as to change phase when the heat transfer fluid is in contact with the hot gases. This change of phase can operate between 80°C and 250°C depending on the choice of the heat transfer fluid.
- the liquid/gaseous state change temperature or threshold Te of the heat transfer fluid 5 is thus defined in relation to the skin temperature threshold Tp when the thermal runaway generates the opening of the weakened zone 307. This makes it possible to have the phase change of the heat transfer fluid at the moment when the hot gases leave the accumulator.
- the temperatures of the hot gases leaving the accumulator being linked to the chemical components constituting the accumulator and also to the energy stored in the accumulator at the time of the thermal runaway, they extend from 70°C at the start of the runaway and rise very quickly towards 400°C to reach 1000°C if no measures are taken to contain the reaction.
- the casing 300 necessarily opens at the weakened zone 307, the latter being calibrated for such an opening during an overpressure. It is possible that the casing 300 also opens at other locations, depending in particular on the intensity of the reaction within the accumulator 3, allowing at these locations also the contact of the heat transfer fluid 5 with the evacuated gases.
- the returned heat transfer fluid 5 reaches the hot point and evaporates on contact with the hot parts and limits the temperature rise.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 acts as a heat extractor.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 prevents the remainder of the defective material of the accumulator 3 from contributing to the thermal runaway.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 stabilizes and then stops the thermal runaway within the accumulator 3. Thus, by containing the thermal runaway at the source, this solution prevents the propagation of this thermal runaway to the adjacent accumulators 3.
- the properties of the heat transfer fluid 5 are adapted to the needs of the accumulators 3 to contain their thermal runaway for the liquid/gaseous state change temperature Te. Depending on the chemistries of the accumulators and the energy stored at the time of thermal runaway, the thermal runaway threshold Te is different. Consequently, the formulation of the heat transfer fluid 5 must be adapted to have a liquid/gaseous phase change threshold Te compatible with the thermal runaway threshold Te.
- the viscosity of the heat transfer fluid 5 can be chosen so as to allow the heat transfer fluid 5 to integrate the accumulator 3 when the weakened zone 307 of the casing 300 opens. In the event of opening also at other locations of the envelope 300 other than the weakened zone 307, the viscosity of the heat transfer fluid 5 also of course facilitates the penetration of the heat transfer fluid into the accumulator 3. It should be noted that the heat transfer fluid 5 passing into the gaseous state on contact with the gases produced by the accumulator 3, gains in viscosity when the temperature increases. This further facilitates the penetration of the heat transfer fluid 5 into the accumulator 3.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 is a synthetic oil
- the oil with its intrinsic dielectric strength properties also makes it possible to facilitate the integration of high-voltage batteries by reducing the insulation distances of the parts carried at high voltages and avoiding the risks of breakdown between the parts carried at high voltage and the walls of the housing 2 of the battery pack in which the elementary accumulators 3 are integrated and or of a housing of the module in the case of integration into the battery pack with modules.
- the thermal runaway temperature Te begins between 70°C and 120°C and increases to reach temperatures of the order of 400 to 800°C or even 1000°C.
- the external temperature Tp of the casing 300 is between 70°C and 120°C depending on the composition of the accumulators and the state of charge of the accumulator at the time of thermal runaway.
- the heat transfer fluid 5 is chosen so as to have a liquid/gaseous state change temperature Te higher than the external temperature Tp of the casing 300, for example of the order of 130°C.
- the accumulators 3 are separated from each other by a distance at least equal to 1 mm. This allows the heat transfer fluid 5 to effectively cool the accumulators 3.
- the battery pack 1 may further comprise a bladder 6 assembled to the housing 2 (visible in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6).
- the bladder 6 is configured to absorb pressure variations in the housing.
- the bladder 6 may be elastic and inflatable.
- the bladder 6 initially compensates for the excess pressure produced during the failure of an accumulator 3 and prevents the walls of the housing 2 of the battery pack 1 from being subjected to this excess pressure.
- the bladder can also compensate for pressure variations linked to the expansion of the heat transfer fluid depending on environmental conditions (temperature, altitude).
- the bladder can be made of aluminum.
- One or more bladders may be arranged as needed.
- bladders may be positioned at the modules or at the battery pack.
- the battery pack 1 may further comprise a pressure sensor (not shown).
- the pressure sensor is configured to measure a pressure in the housing 2 and/or to detect an overpressure in the housing.
- the pressure sensor can be integrated into the bladder 6.
- the pressure sensor may be mounted on an internal wall of the housing 2.
- the pressure sensor is configured to generate, via a contactor, an electrical signal corresponding to information representative of said pressure.
- the pressure sensor can be configured to send a warning signal in the event of overpressure in the housing.
- the pressure sensor can also be configured to give an order to isolate the battery pack by opening a contactor at the output of the battery pack 1.
- the heat transfer fluid presence sensor is present in the battery pack 1 (not shown). It is configured to detect a leak of the heat transfer fluid.
- the housing may further comprise a valve 7 (visible in FIGS. 5 and 6) configured to open in the event of excess pressure in the battery pack 1 and/or in the housing 2 of one of the modules.
- a valve 7 visible in FIGS. 5 and 6) configured to open in the event of excess pressure in the battery pack 1 and/or in the housing 2 of one of the modules.
- the valve 7 comprises, for example, conduits allowing fumes to escape to the outside of the housing 2 in the event of a malfunction of the battery pack 1.
- the valve 7 also makes it possible to evacuate fumes from the heat transfer fluid in the event of gas being released from an accumulator 3 or from several accumulators 3 which could go into thermal runaway simultaneously.
- the heat transfer fluid can also be contained in said housing.
- the invention a reduction in the risk or even an absence of fire is obtained when the accumulator goes into thermal runaway.
- the properties of the heat transfer fluid facilitate the heat exchanges of the accumulator with the outside by boiling as close as possible to the threshold for triggering the accumulator in thermal runaway.
- This boiling and the infiltration of the heat transfer fluid through the weakened zone of the casing of the accumulator that is going into runaway help to contain the runaway and reduce the projections of flame and hot smoke that can be extracted from the accumulator during such defects.
- the heat transfer fluid absorbs the excess pressure generated during the explosion of the accumulator, thus reducing the mechanical stresses in the casing and the housing of the battery pack.
- the invention makes it possible to cool the accumulators in the nominal operating mode and to indirectly improve the reliability of the accumulators.
- the invention benefits any type of battery subject to thermal runaway, particularly in cases of extreme use such as the cases listed below but not limited to shocks, internal and external short circuits and abusive temperature conditions.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24732906.3A EP4728584A1 (fr) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-12 | Pack-batterie comportant un fluide caloporteur apte a contenir l'emballement thermique des accumulateurs electrochimiques du pack-batterie |
| CN202480039425.5A CN121548892A (zh) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-12 | 在电池组中包括能够限制电池组的电化学蓄电池热失控的热传递流体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2306054 | 2023-06-14 | ||
| FR2306054A FR3150046A1 (fr) | 2023-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Pack-batterie comportant un fluide caloporteur apte à contenir l’emballement thermique des accumulateurs électrochimiques du pack-batterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024256441A1 true WO2024256441A1 (fr) | 2024-12-19 |
Family
ID=88207243
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/066181 Ceased WO2024256441A1 (fr) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-12 | Pack-batterie comportant un fluide caloporteur apte a contenir l'emballement thermique des accumulateurs electrochimiques du pack-batterie |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4728584A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121548892A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3150046A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024256441A1 (fr) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013017396A1 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Daimler Ag | Batterievorrichtung mit verdampfender Kühlflüssigkeit |
| DE102019100889A1 (de) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Hochvoltspeicher sowie Fahrzeug mit einem Hochvoltspeicher |
| DE102019111787A1 (de) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Batterie mit Brandschutzmatte sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
| EP3783732A1 (fr) * | 2019-02-11 | 2021-02-24 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Système de stockage d'énergie ayant une structure dans laquelle un agent de refroidissement peut être introduit dans un module de batterie |
| DE102019007737A1 (de) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-12 | Daimler Ag | Speichereinrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie für ein Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere für einen Kraftwagen, sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
| EP3975317A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-30 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Extinction de l'emballement thermique d'une batterie |
-
2023
- 2023-06-14 FR FR2306054A patent/FR3150046A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-06-12 WO PCT/EP2024/066181 patent/WO2024256441A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-12 CN CN202480039425.5A patent/CN121548892A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-12 EP EP24732906.3A patent/EP4728584A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013017396A1 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Daimler Ag | Batterievorrichtung mit verdampfender Kühlflüssigkeit |
| DE102019100889A1 (de) * | 2019-01-15 | 2020-07-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Hochvoltspeicher sowie Fahrzeug mit einem Hochvoltspeicher |
| EP3783732A1 (fr) * | 2019-02-11 | 2021-02-24 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Système de stockage d'énergie ayant une structure dans laquelle un agent de refroidissement peut être introduit dans un module de batterie |
| DE102019111787A1 (de) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Batterie mit Brandschutzmatte sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102019007737A1 (de) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-12 | Daimler Ag | Speichereinrichtung zum Speichern von elektrischer Energie für ein Kraftfahrzeug, insbesondere für einen Kraftwagen, sowie Kraftfahrzeug |
| EP3975317A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-03-30 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Extinction de l'emballement thermique d'une batterie |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "White Paper 291 Version 1", October 2020, SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC, article BUNGER ROBERT ET AL: "Comparison of Dielectric Fluids for Immersive Liquid Cooling of IT Equipment", pages: 1 - 13, XP093206239 * |
| 3M: "3M (TM) Novec (TM) 7000 Engineered Fluid", SAFETY DATA SHEET, September 2021 (2021-09-01), St. Paul, MN, USA, pages 1 - 6, XP093206492, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.3M.com/novec> * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121548892A (zh) | 2026-02-17 |
| EP4728584A1 (fr) | 2026-04-22 |
| FR3150046A1 (fr) | 2024-12-20 |
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