WO2024256513A1 - Plaque séparatrice pour système électrochimique - Google Patents

Plaque séparatrice pour système électrochimique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024256513A1
WO2024256513A1 PCT/EP2024/066311 EP2024066311W WO2024256513A1 WO 2024256513 A1 WO2024256513 A1 WO 2024256513A1 EP 2024066311 W EP2024066311 W EP 2024066311W WO 2024256513 A1 WO2024256513 A1 WO 2024256513A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
segment
plate
fluid distribution
region
separator plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2024/066311
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernadette GRÜNWALD
Rainer Glück
Thomas STÖHR
Arnold Gente
Stefan Schoenbauer
Stefan Schuerg
Udo Riegler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Reinz Dichtungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Reinz Dichtungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH, Reinz Dichtungs GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to CN202480039516.9A priority Critical patent/CN121359268A/zh
Priority to DE112024002522.6T priority patent/DE112024002522A5/de
Publication of WO2024256513A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024256513A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H01M8/0254—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a separator plate for an electrochemical system.
  • the electrochemical system can in particular be a fuel cell system, an electrochemical compressor, an electrolyzer or a redox flow battery.
  • An electrochemical system with a plurality of such separator plates is also disclosed.
  • Known electrochemical systems of the type mentioned normally comprise a stack of electrochemical cells, each of which is separated from one another by separator plates.
  • the separator plates are also referred to as bipolar plates.
  • the separator plates can serve, for example, to electrically contact the electrodes of the individual electrochemical cells (e.g. fuel cells) and/or to electrically connect adjacent cells (series connection of the cells).
  • the separator plates are typically formed from two individual plates, in particular joined together.
  • the individual plates can be joined together in a materially bonded manner, e.g. by one or more welded joints, in particular by one or more laser welded joints.
  • the separator plates or the individual plates can each have or form structures which are designed, for example, to supply the electrochemical cells arranged between adjacent separator plates with one or more media and/or to transport away reaction products.
  • these structures can be used to guide a cooling fluid through a gap between the individual plates of a separator plate.
  • the structures can, for example, comprise sequences of webs and channels.
  • the media can therefore be fuels (e.g. hydrogen or methanol), reaction gases (e.g. air or oxygen) or coolants.
  • the terms medium and fluid can be used synonymously.
  • the separator plates usually each have at least one through-opening through which the media can be fed to the electrochemical cells arranged between adjacent separator plates of the stack or to the Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) can be guided to or away from them.
  • MEAs Membrane electrode assemblies
  • a respective fluid is guided by means of the structures described above into a respective first distribution area and from there into a flow field opposite the active area of the cell or MEA. After flowing through the active area, the fluid is fed back to an outlet through-opening via a second distribution area, also called a collection area.
  • a second distribution area also called a collection area.
  • a first fluid e.g. a fuel
  • a second fluid e.g. a reaction gas
  • a cooling fluid is usually guided in an interior space delimited by the inner sides of the individual plates.
  • the fluid-conducting structures on the respective outer sides of the individual plates form complementary structures on their inner sides, which guide the cooling fluid.
  • the cooling fluid guidance is sometimes only possible under increased flow resistance. This reduces the cooling capacity of the separator plate accordingly and can consequently lead to limitations in the performance of the electrochemical system.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to improve the cooling capacity of a separator plate and thus a performance of an electrochemical system with a plurality of such separator plates.
  • separator plate for an electrochemical system, wherein the separator plate comprises:
  • first single plate and a second single plate defining an interior of the separator plate with a cooling fluid distribution structure
  • first overlap region in which a first portion of the cooling fluid distribution structure and a first portion of a first fluid distribution region overlap each other, wherein the first fluid distribution region is formed on an outer side of the first single plate
  • the cooling fluid distribution structure having a first web-channel structure which has a plurality of webs and channels formed between each two webs and which forms a complementarily shaped web-channel structure of the first fluid distribution region, the first web-channel structure having at least one change in direction in a transition region from the first to the second overlap region; the second individual plate being formed opposite this change in direction so as to deviate from the first web-channel structure.
  • the first single plate may form a cathode plate and/or may carry oxygen or air as the first fluid.
  • the second single plate can form an anode plate and/or can carry hydrogen as a second fluid.
  • first and third fluids are guided without mixing.
  • first to third fluids are guided in separate flow spaces.
  • the overlapping areas can also define overlaps that also exist in an orthogonal projection of the respective sections, structures and features into a plane of the separator plate.
  • An overlap can mean that the corresponding sections, structures and features are cut by a common axis that runs perpendicular to the plane of the separator plate.
  • a flow resistance during a transition of the cooling fluid from the first to the second overlap region in comparison to a variant without a change in direction.
  • the cooling fluid typically flows, and also according to embodiments of this disclosure, along a boundary line that extends in the transition region between the first and second overlap regions.
  • a transition over this boundary line into the second overlap region may require a deflection so that the cooling fluid flows at a larger angle to this boundary line, for example essentially orthogonal to it.
  • This angle and/or generally the flow guidance during this transition can be determined significantly by the first web-channel structure on the inside of the first individual plate. Without a change in direction of the first web-channel structure, the flow guidance during this transition would correspond to a sharp-edged bend, which means an increased flow resistance.
  • a change in direction within the web-channel structure is therefore proposed in the present case, specifically in the transition region.
  • This change in direction can in particular take place in such a way that a flow resistance of the cooling fluid is reduced at the transition from the first to the second overlap region compared to a variant without a change in direction.
  • a curve radius of the change in flow direction can be increased, which enables a more uniform and less resistance-prone flow.
  • the cooling fluid throughput through the cooling fluid distribution structure can take place with a lower flow resistance overall.
  • Another factor that reduces flow resistance is a local increase in the flow cross-section for the cooling fluid in the transition area, which is made possible according to the invention.
  • This increase is made possible by the change in direction.
  • this is preferably used to widen the channels of the first web-channel structure in the transition area.
  • the webs of the first web-channel structure could also be widened in the transition area.
  • the additional installation space could also be divided between webs and channels.
  • the change in direction of the web-channel structure does not significantly affect the fluid flow within the first fluid distribution region.
  • the fact that the second individual plate opposite the change in direction is designed differently from the first web-channel structure provides a further degree of freedom for improving the fluid transition from the first to the second overlap region.
  • the second individual plate can have a step, explained below, which is opposite the transition region.
  • the cooling fluid can be transferred to the second overlap region in a targeted manner and with an optional change in level, explained here.
  • the second individual plate has a step extending in the direction of the first individual plate opposite the change in direction, in particular wherein the step is formed along a longitudinal axis that runs at an angle (in particular orthogonally) to a respective longitudinal axis of the channels and webs of the first web-channel structure.
  • the longitudinal axes of the step and the webs and channels can run essentially transversely or at an angle of at least 60° to one another (based on a smallest intersection angle between the longitudinal axes).
  • the step can at least partially delimit the first section of the cooling fluid distribution structure.
  • the step preferably results in the second individual plate running immediately adjacent to the step in the second overlap region in the plane of the flat surface of the second individual plate, while it is spaced from this plane of the flat surface immediately adjacent to the step in the first overlap region.
  • the step may extend along a boundary line between the first and second overlapping regions and in particular along a predominant length portion or even along the entire length of this boundary line.
  • the channels and webs can be elongated and their main extension can run along a corresponding longitudinal axis.
  • this longitudinal axis is not necessarily straight, particularly due to the change in direction in the transition area disclosed here, but can, for example, be curved once or several times at least in sections.
  • a change in the level of the cooling fluid guide can occur.
  • a change in flow levels of the cooling fluid distribution structure can take place in such a way that in the first overlap region, a flow cross-section of the cooling fluid distribution structure extends significantly in a flow space for the cooling fluid spanned by the second individual plate.
  • a section of the first individual plate within the first overlap region can lie to a greater extent in the plane of the first individual plate and thus provide no significant and/or a smaller flow space for the cooling fluid in comparison.
  • the flow space can also be spanned by the first individual plate at least to a significant extent (e.g. approximately the same size).
  • the plane of the flat surface of a respective individual plate can be defined, for example, by an edge of the individual plate or by those flat areas of the individual plate that are not deformed as a result of an embossing or deep-drawing process to form the web-channel structures or beads described here.
  • the plane of the flat surface can run in the neutral fibers of the corresponding sections of the plates, on the other hand, it is also possible to consider the surfaces of the relevant sections of the plates as plane of the flat surface. With the latter approach, however, it must be ensured that when considering distances or the like, the material thickness of only one of the two plates considered is taken into account.
  • the webs and channels of the first web-channel structure each have a first segment that extends in the first overlap region and a second segment that extends in the transition region, the first and second segments being angled relative to one another. This angle can correspond to the change in direction in the transition region and/or result in this.
  • the first and second segments can merge directly into one another.
  • the first segment can extend from the edge of the transition region in the direction of and optionally up to a through-opening that is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to the first fluid distribution region and/or up to openings explained below that are connected in a fluid-conducting manner to this through-opening.
  • the webs and channels of the first web-channel structure can, in a further variant b), each have a third segment which extends in the second overlap region and a second segment which extends in the transition region, wherein the second and the third segment are angled relative to each other. This angle can also correspond to the change in direction in the transition area or result in this.
  • the third segment can extend from the edge of the transition area to a flow field of the first individual plate.
  • first and third segments (but preferably not the second segment) of a respective web and channel run parallel to one another.
  • the change in direction in the transition area can, for example, take place in such a way that an initial change in direction is canceled again in order to establish the parallelism between the first and third segments.
  • the first and third segments can run at an angle relative to one another that is smaller than a respective angle between the second segment and one of the first and third segments.
  • an angle between the first and second segment and an angle between the second and third segment can each be more than 90°, e.g. more than 120° or more than 140°.
  • An angle at which the first and third segments run relative to one another can, however, be smaller than these respective angles, e.g. less than half or less than a quarter as large and/or less than 45°.
  • the angle by which the first and the second segment are angled relative to each other is between 90° and 170° and/or the angle by which the second and the third segment are angled relative to each other is between 90° and 170°.
  • the largest possible cutting angle that can be entered can be considered in each case.
  • first segment and the second segment merge into one another, in particular directly into one another and/or without interruption by a fluid connection formed by these segments.
  • separator plate is designed according to the above variant b) and the second segment and the third segment merge into one another, in particular directly into one another and/or without interruption of a fluid connection formed by these segments.
  • a further embodiment includes the first segment being at least twice as long as the second segment.
  • the separator plate is designed according to the above variant b) and the third segment is at least twice as long as the second segment.
  • the second segment is deliberately designed to be short in order to make the associated change in direction locally limited and/or restricted to the transition area. This enables the cooling fluid guided on the inside to be deflected with less sharp edges as mentioned above, as well as to increase the flow cross-sections locally or in sections in the transition area.
  • the lower limit of the above length ratios can be present, for example (and in particular only) in edge regions of the first fluid distribution region, in which the length of the webs and channels is significantly reduced compared to an average length of the webs and channels in the fluid distribution region. Accordingly, the above length ratios can be significantly different in a large part of the area of the first fluid distribution region and in particular in central regions thereof, in particular in such a way that the first and/or third segment is significantly longer than the second segment (for example at least six times as long). In summary, the first and/or third segment can be at least six times longer than the second segment, in particular at half the width of the first fluid distribution region. This width dimension can, for example, run orthogonally to a main flow axis of a flow field that is fluidly connected to the first fluid distribution region.
  • the flow field can be characterized, for example, by the fact that all of the webs and channels included in it are straight and run parallel to one another and parallel to the main flow direction.
  • the webs and channels of the flow field could also be wave-shaped and run next to one another with a similar wave shape and along a main flow direction of the flow field.
  • the wave shape can oscillate evenly around the main flow axis and/or the main flow axis can define a central axis of the wave shape around which it oscillates in a wave-like manner.
  • the flow field can be characterized in that it lies within an MEA reinforcement edge, at least in relation to a direction perpendicular to the flow field main flow axis, and in particular is surrounded and/or framed by it at least in sections.
  • the MEA reinforcement edge is not opposite the flow field itself, but rather the actually active area of the MEA, in particular in the form of its electrolyte membrane.
  • the situation can be different with regard to the less deeply formed area assigned to the flow field, in which the MEA reinforcement edge and the GDL overlap one another.
  • the second segment may have a length that corresponds to one to seven times, preferably one and a half times to five times, a channel width of the channels of the first web-channel structure.
  • the channel width can extend transversely to a longitudinal axis of the channel.
  • the channel width can extend between the highest points of the webs closest to one another, with respect to a plane surface of the separator plate (and/or the first individual plate), between which a respective channel is arranged and/or enclosed.
  • the first segment and the third segment have the same flow cross-section.
  • any deviations in the flow cross-sections of these segments can be no more than 20% or no more than 10%. Due to the small deviation or identity of the flow cross-sections, fluid can be guided evenly on both the inside and the outside of the first individual plate. This helps to reduce flow resistance in an advantageous manner.
  • the second segment on the other hand, can have a larger flow cross-section in the transition area and in particular limited to this area compared to the first and/or third segment. This increase can be, for example, at least 20% or at least 50%.
  • first and/or third segment is essentially or completely straight.
  • a substantially straight extension can be understood as an extension with a slight curvature and/or only a curvature in sections.
  • the first and/or third segment are each at least over a length that is length of the second segment, substantially or completely straight.
  • the first fluid distribution region is fluidly connected to a first flow field of the separator plate and the second fluid distribution region is fluidly connected to a second flow field of the separator plate.
  • the first flow field is fluidly connected to a first through-opening formed in the separator plate via the first fluid distribution region
  • the second flow field is fluidly connected to a second through-opening formed in the separator plate via the second fluid distribution region
  • the cooling fluid distribution structure is fluidly connected to a third through-opening formed in the separator plate.
  • a change of flow planes of the cooling fluid distribution structure takes place in the transition region in such a way that in the first overlap region a flow cross section of the cooling fluid distribution structure extends primarily in a flow space spanned by the second individual plate and in the second overlap region it extends primarily in a flow space spanned by the first individual plate.
  • cooling fluid is present between the individual plates, but this either does not flow or only flows to a much lesser extent than in the aforementioned flow spaces.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an electrochemical system with a plurality of stacked separator plates with membrane electrode units arranged between them.
  • FIG 2 shows a perspective view of two separator plates of a system similar to Figure 1 with a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) arranged between the separator plates.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematically highly simplified representation of a coolant guide within a separator plate, which is designed according to a first embodiment of this disclosure.
  • MEA membrane electrode assembly
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective partial view of the separator plate of the first embodiment in the region of a first fluid distribution region of a first individual plate, in particular cathode plate, of the separator plate.
  • Figure 5 shows an enlarged detail from Fig. 4.
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective partial view of a separator plate according to a further embodiment in the region of a second fluid distribution region of a second individual plate, in particular anode plate, of the separator plate.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic simplified view of the partial view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 shows another schematically simplified representation of a coolant guide within a separator plate.
  • Figure 9 shows a partial view analogous to Fig. 4 in transparent form with several cutting planes.
  • Figures 10-12 each show sectional views according to one of the cutting planes of Figure 9.
  • FIG 1 shows an electrochemical system 1 of the type proposed here with a plurality of identical metallic separator plates 2 (or bipolar plates). These are arranged in a stack 6 and stacked along a z-direction 7. The separator plates 2 of the stack 6 are clamped between two end plates 3, 4. The z-direction 7 is also called the stack direction.
  • the system 1 is a fuel cell stack. Two adjacent separator plates 2 of the stack 6 enclose an electrochemical cell between them, which is used, for example, to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
  • a membrane electrode unit (MEA) 10 is arranged between adjacent separator plates 2 of the stack 6 (see Figure 2 below).
  • the MEAs typically each contain at least one membrane, e.g. B. an electrolyte membrane.
  • a gas diffusion layer (GDL) can be arranged on one or both surfaces of the MEA.
  • GDL gas diffusion layer
  • the system 1 can also be designed as an electrolyzer, compressor or redox flow battery.
  • Separator plates can also be used in these electrochemical systems.
  • the structure of these separator plates can correspond to the structure of the separator plates 2 explained in more detail here, even if the media guided on or through the separator plates in an electrolyzer, an electrochemical compressor or a redox flow battery can differ from the media used for a fuel cell system.
  • the separator plates 2 each define a plate plane, with the plate planes of the separator plates 2 each being aligned parallel to the x-y plane and thus perpendicular to the stacking direction (z-axis 7).
  • the end plate 4 has a plurality of media connections 5 through which media can be fed into the system 1 and through which media can be removed from the system 1.
  • These media that can be fed into the system 1 and removed from the system 1 can include, for example, fuels such as molecular hydrogen or methanol, reaction gases such as air or oxygen, reaction products such as water vapor or depleted fuels or a cooling fluid such as water and/or glycol.
  • fuels such as molecular hydrogen or methanol
  • reaction gases such as air or oxygen
  • reaction products such as water vapor or depleted fuels
  • a cooling fluid such as water and/or glycol.
  • Figure 2 shows in perspective two adjacent separator plates 2 or bipolar plates, which can be included in an electrochemical system of the type of system 1 from Figure 1.
  • the separator plates 2 correspond to an example from the prior art. However, the properties and features explained below in relation to this can also apply to the separator plates 2 according to the invention disclosed here or can be provided for them, unless otherwise mentioned or apparent.
  • Fig. 2 also shows a known membrane electrode unit (MEA) 10 arranged between these adjacent separator plates 2, wherein the MEA 10 in Figure 2 is largely covered by the separator plate 2 facing the viewer.
  • the separator plate 2 is formed from two materially joined individual plates 2a, 2b, of which only the individual plate 2a facing the viewer is visible in Figure 2, which covers the other individual plate 2b.
  • the individual plates 2a, 2b can each be made from a metal sheet, e.g. made of a stainless steel sheet.
  • the individual plates 2a, 2b can be welded together, e.g. by laser welding or only connected when the stack is stacked.
  • the design of fluid-conducting structures on the outside of the individual plate 2a facing the viewer can deviate from the structures according to the invention in the following further figures 3 to 12.
  • the individual plates 2a, 2b have through-openings which are aligned with one another and which form through-openings 11a-c of the separator plate 2.
  • the through-openings 11a-c form lines which extend through the stack 6 in the stacking direction 7 (see Figure 1).
  • each of the lines formed by the through-openings 11a-c is in fluid communication with one of the ports 5 in the end plate 4 of the system 1.
  • a cooling fluid can be introduced into the stack 6 or drained from the stack 6 via the lines formed by the through-openings 11a, for example.
  • the lines formed by the through-openings 11b, 11c can be designed to supply the electrochemical cells of the fuel cell stack of the system 1 with fuel and with reaction gas and to drain the reaction products from the stack 6.
  • the individual plate 2a facing the viewer has sealing arrangements in the form of sealing beads 12a-c. These are arranged around the through openings 11a-c and completely enclose the through openings 11a-c.
  • the second individual plate 2b also has corresponding sealing beads 12a-c on the rear side of the separator plate 2 facing away from the viewer in Figure 2 for sealing the through openings 11a-c (not shown).
  • Alternative sealing systems such as elastomer seals, can also be used.
  • the individual plate 2a facing the viewer Adjacent to the electrochemically active region 18 of the MEA, the individual plate 2a facing the viewer has a flow field 17a with structures for guiding a reaction medium along the outside of the individual plate 2a on its outside facing the viewer. These structures are designed in Figure 2 in the form of a plurality of webs and channels running between the webs and delimited by the webs. On the outside of the separator plate 2 facing the viewer, the individual plate 2a facing the viewer also has two distribution regions 20.
  • the distribution regions 20 each comprise structures which are set up to to distribute medium introduced into one of the distribution areas 20 through the first of the two through-openings 11b via the active area 18 by means of the flow field 17a or to collect or bundle a medium flowing from the active area 18 or from the flow field 17a to the second of the through-openings 11b.
  • the collecting distribution area 20 can also be referred to as a collecting area.
  • the fluid-conducting structures of the distribution areas 20 are also provided in Figure 2 by webs and channels running between the webs and delimited by the webs.
  • a cooling fluid distribution structure 19 formed and/or enclosed between the individual plates 2a, 2b also has distribution areas which overlap with the distribution areas 20 of the individual plates 2a, 2b.
  • This cooling fluid distribution structure 19 is fluidically connected to a flow field or comprises this, wherein this flow field overlaps with the flow fields 17a, b of the outer sides of the individual plates 2a, 2b or is enclosed between them.
  • the web-channel structures on the outer sides of the individual plates 2a, 2b form complementarily shaped web-channel structures on the corresponding inner sides and thus complementarily shaped web-channel structures of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 (see also Figures 10-12 discussed below).
  • the two through-openings 11b or the lines formed by the through-openings 11b through the plate stack of the system 1 are each in fluid communication with one another via passages 13b in sealing beads 12b, via the distribution structures of the distribution areas 20 and via the flow field 17a of the individual plate 2a facing the viewer of Figure 2.
  • This individual plate 2a is a second individual plate 2a in the sense of this disclosure.
  • a fluid guided along the outside of this individual plate 2a is preferably hydrogen, so that the through-openings 11b are preferably hydrogen through-openings 11b. This results in particular from the smallest cross-section of the hydrogen through-openings 11b compared to the other through-openings 11a, 11c.
  • the two through-openings 11c or the lines formed by the through-openings 11c through the plate stack of the system 1 are in fluid communication with one another via corresponding bead passages 13c, via corresponding distribution structures and via a corresponding flow field on an outer side of the individual plate 2b facing away from the viewer of Figure 2.
  • This individual plate 2b is a first individual plate 2b in the The fluid guided along the outside of this individual plate 2b is preferably air or oxygen, so that the through-openings 11c are preferably air or oxygen through-openings 11c. This is particularly evident from the largest cross-section of the air or oxygen through-openings 11c compared to the other through-openings 11a, 11b.
  • the through-openings 11a are each in fluid communication with one another via a cavity enclosed or surrounded by the individual plates 2a, 2b, which forms the cooling fluid distribution structure 19. This is again done, for example, by means of feedthroughs 13a.
  • This cavity or this cooling fluid distribution structure 19 serves to guide a cooling fluid through the separator plate 2, in particular to cool the electrochemically active region 18 of the MEA.
  • the through-openings 11a are therefore cooling fluid through-openings, which is particularly obvious from their average cross-sectional size in comparison to the other through-openings 11b, 11c.
  • FIG. 2 fluid guides in a separator plate 2 according to an embodiment of the invention are explained using Figures 3 to 12.
  • the separator plate 2 is basically designed analogously to Figures 1 and 2 and additionally has the features and special features explained below with regard to the fluid guides.
  • Figures 3 and 4 as well as 6 to 9 an area of a separator plate 2 outlined in dashed lines in Fig. 2 is considered, although reference is also made in part to the outside of the first individual plate 2b facing away from the viewer or to the internal cooling fluid structure.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematically highly simplified representation of a coolant guide within a separator plate 2 according to the invention. More precisely, an extension of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 is shown schematically in an area analogous to the dashed area in Fig. 2. The area shown corresponds to a distribution area of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19, i.e. an electrochemically non-active area. It is understood that the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 cannot be seen from the outside when the separator plate 2 is joined together due to its position between the individual plates 2a, 2b.
  • Figure 3 The perspective of Figure 3 is rotated compared to Figure 2, as can be seen from the schematically shown positions of the through openings 11a-c.
  • the arrangement of these through openings 11a-c corresponds to a viewing angle on the outside of the first individual plate 2b from Figure 2.
  • the through openings 11a-c again have the size ratios explained above.
  • the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 is delimited by the inner sides of the individual plates 2a, 2b facing each other. More precisely, opposing regions of these inner sides are spaced apart from each other in sections to varying degrees, so that fluid-absorbing free spaces (i.e. flow spaces) are formed in the cooling fluid distribution structure 19.
  • the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 also has web-channel structures (not shown) which form complementary shaped web-channel structures on the outer sides of the individual plates 2a, 2b, as explained above with reference to Figure 2.
  • webs or channels on the outer side of the first individual plate 2b are referred to as 27b or 29b
  • webs or channels on the outer side of the second individual plate as 27a or 29a
  • webs or channels on the inner sides of the individual plates as 27c or 29c.
  • 27 and 29 generally refer to bridges and channels, respectively.
  • the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 has three sections A, B, C.
  • the first section A and the third section C which is only optional, are each connected to the cooling fluid passage opening 11a in a fluid-conducting manner. If a section C is present, the cooling fluid distribution structures there preferably run at an obtuse angle to the cooling fluid distribution structures of section A.
  • the fluid-connecting openings explained above through sealing beads near the cooling fluid passage opening 11a are not shown separately in Figure 3, but are nevertheless present.
  • Two arrows 1A, 1C each show a fluid inflow from the cooling fluid passage opening 11a into the first and third sections A, C. The size of the arrows illustrates the size ratios of these flows.
  • the fluid inflow 1A into the first section A is significantly larger (for example at least three times, at least five times or at least ten times as large) than the fluid inflow 1C into the optional third section C. It is understood that a reversal of the flow directions is also possible.
  • the first section A of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 runs in a first overlap region 15 of the separator plate 2.
  • the first section A overlaps with a first section of a distribution region 20 of the first individual plate 2b, which is also referred to below as the first fluid distribution region 21 (not shown in Fig. 3). Consequently, the section A is delimited by a section of the inside of the first individual plate 2b, which faces away from this fluid distribution region 21 or forms its opposite side, as well as by an opposite inside of the second individual plate 2a.
  • the crests of the Webs of the first individual plate 2b run essentially on a flat surface plane of this individual plate 2b, specifically transversely to the fluid inflow direction 1A of the cooling fluid.
  • the correspondingly delimiting section 30 of the second individual plate 2a (see Figure 6 discussed below), on the other hand, is predominantly formed opposite the flat surface plane of this individual plate 2a and in a direction pointing away from the first individual plate 2b.
  • the webs take up a smaller area share on the cooling fluid side than the channels.
  • the delimiting section 30 of the second individual plate 2a essentially forms a flow space of the first section A of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19.
  • the fluid inflow from the through-opening 11b advantageously only takes place through section B and possibly through section C.
  • the second section B of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 runs in a second overlap region 22 in which the first fluid distribution region 21 and a second fluid distribution region 23 (not shown in Fig. 3) overlap, which is a distribution region 20 of the second individual plate 2a.
  • the fluid distribution regions 21, 23 are formed on the outer sides of the respective individual plates 2a, 2b (see Figs. 4 and 6).
  • sections of the inner sides of the individual plates 2a, 2b are therefore opposite one another, which have first web-channel structures that are complementary to the web-channel structures of the respective fluid distribution regions 21, 23.
  • the first web-channel structures of these opposing inner sides run in intersecting directions, which means an increased flow resistance for the cooling fluid.
  • An example of such an inner first web-channel structure 47 can be seen in Fig. 11 discussed below.
  • a transition region 58 between the first and second overlap regions comprises a step 33 explained below.
  • the optional third section C of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 runs in a likewise optional third overlap region 24, in which a section of the second fluid distribution region 23 and a section of an inner side of the first individual plate 2b overlap one another.
  • the structural configurations of the sections AC or the overlapping areas 15, 22, 24 are explained in more detail below with reference to Figures 4-12. The following assumes a case in which the optional third section C of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 and the optional third overlapping area 24 are omitted.
  • Figure 4 shows a section of the outside of the bipolar plate 2 with a view of the first individual plate 2b, in particular a cathode plate, in the dashed area of Figure 2 according to one embodiment.
  • the viewing angle is rotated in particular compared to Figure 3, as can be seen from the displayed position of the through-opening 11c in Figure 4. Only a cut-off part of the flow field 17b is shown.
  • a fluid is guided from the through-opening 11c via the first fluid distribution area 21 and guided through a web-channel structure 46 on the outside of the first individual plate 2b.
  • the web-channel structure 46 has several outwardly projecting webs 27b and channels 29b enclosed between them, selected ones of which are each provided with a corresponding reference symbol.
  • the first fluid distribution area 21 runs in the plane of the first individual plate 2b with the exception of the webs 27b.
  • the webs 27c each have a continuous sequence of a first segment 60, a second segment 62 and a third segment 64.
  • areas that include these segments 60, 62, 64 are marked with a corresponding reference symbol.
  • the first segment 60 of each web 27c extends from an edge of the first fluid distribution area 21 near the through-opening 11c to the transition area 58.
  • the second segment 62 of each web 27c extends in the transition area 58.
  • the third segment 64 of each web 27c extends from the transition area 58 to the flow field 17b.
  • the channels 29c are also divided into similarly extending first to third segments 60, 62, 64 and all properties of the segments 60, 62, 64 of the webs 27c also apply to the segments of the channels 29c, without this always being mentioned separately below.
  • the first and third segments 60, 64 each run straight and parallel to each other.
  • the second segment 62 runs at an angle to both the first and third segments 64.
  • Figure 5 shows the angular relationships of the segments 60, 62 and 64 of one of the webs 27c.
  • Longitudinal axes LI, L3 are entered for the first and third segments 60, 64 of this web and a longitudinal axis L2 is also shown for the second segment 62.
  • the angles W12 and W23 between the longitudinal axis L2 of the second segment 62 and a respective longitudinal axis LI, L3 of the first and third segments are identical and amount to approximately 120°.
  • the largest possible enterable intersection angle W12 or W23 of the longitudinal axes LI, L2 or L2, L3 is considered.
  • Figure 5 also shows a longitudinal axis A of the transition region 58, which extends across the fluid distribution region 21 and along the transition region 58.
  • This longitudinal axis A also corresponds to a longitudinal axis of the step 33 explained below (see Fig. 3). It is shown that the longitudinal axis A of the transition region 58 and step 33 runs at an angle to all the longitudinal axes LI, L2, L3 of the webs 27, in particular to the longitudinal axes LI, L3 outside the second segment 62.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show that the webs 27 (and analogously the channels 29) each run completely straight outside the transition region 58, but in the transition region 58 they experience a change in direction, which is reflected in the angle W12 or W23 shown and different from 0°.
  • the change in direction occurs in such a way that at the boundary from the first segment 60 to the transition region 58 there is initially a curvature or bend in a first direction (on the right in Figure 5) and at the boundary from the third segment 64 to the transition region 58 there is a curvature or bend in a second direction (on the left in Figure 5).
  • This two-fold change in direction cancels itself out in the example shown, which results in the parallelism of the first and third segments 60, 64.
  • only one of the changes in direction shown could occur.
  • the web-channel structure 46 forms a complementarily shaped first web-channel structure 47 (see Figures 10-12) on the inside of the first individual plate 2b, which guides the cooling fluid and, more precisely, directs a flow thereof through the cooling fluid distribution structure 19. Consequently, the cooling fluid in the transition region 58 and thus when crossing into the second overlap region 22 undergoes analogous changes in direction, as explained above.
  • Fig. 5 also shows that in the transition region 58 the distances between adjacent webs 27 and channels 29 change compared to outside the transition region 58 and, more precisely, the channels 29c on the inside, i.e. the webs 27b on the outside, increase.
  • Fig. 5 shows a distance D, D1, D2 between the highest points of two adjacent webs 27c. The distance runs perpendicular to a web longitudinal axis and/or to a tangent to a local circle of curvature (not shown) of a web 27c. It can be seen that the webs 27c outside the transition region 58 run at a comparatively small distance D from one another. This distance D is preferably essentially identical between all webs 27c.
  • the distance increases to, for example, at least 1.25 times, see distance D1, or at least twice, see distance D2, compared to the distance D outside the transition region 58.
  • the change in the web spacing shown only affects the width of the channels on the inside, i.e. the coolant channels 29c and the webs 27b between the channels on the outside, but the division could also be designed differently.
  • the increased web spacings Dl, D2 in the transition region 58 result in a corresponding channel widening of the first channel-web structure 47 on the inside of the first individual plate 2b.
  • the cooling fluid which is guided in these inner channels, has an increased flow cross-section available in the transition region 58, whereby pressure losses can be limited.
  • Figure 6 shows a section of the bipolar plate 2 with a view of the outside of the second individual plate 2a, preferably an anode plate, in the dashed area in Figure 2.
  • the viewing angle is rotated compared to Figure 3, as can be seen from the indicated position of the through-opening 11b in Figure 6. Only a cut-off part of the flow field 17a is shown.
  • a fluid is guided from the through-opening 11b via the second fluid distribution area 23 and guided through a web-channel structure 40 on the outside of the second individual plate 2a.
  • the web-channel structure 40 has several outwardly projecting webs 27a and between enclosed channels 29a, selected ones of which are provided with a corresponding reference symbol.
  • the webs 27a are, as shown, optionally interrupted in sections along their longitudinal extent, but can also extend continuously in the direction of the flow field 17a.
  • the second fluid distribution region 23 runs, with the exception of the webs 27a, in the plane of the second individual plate 2a.
  • the second fluid distribution area 23 is delimited by an elongated step 32, which is directed away from the opposite first individual plate 2b and extends in the direction of a side of the flow field 17a remote from the through-opening 11b.
  • the step 32 is followed by a section 42 of the second individual plate 2a which is raised relative to the plane of the second individual plate 2a and which significantly delimits or, in other words, spans a flow space of the first section A of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19.
  • the raised section 42 forms the above-mentioned section 30 of the second individual plate 2a, which partially delimits the first section A of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19.
  • An optionally shown plurality of stiffening beads 44 in this section 42 can also be omitted.
  • the step 32 forms a complementarily shaped inner step 33 within the first section A of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19, which extends in the direction of the first individual plate 2b.
  • This inner step 33 consequently promotes the above-described change of level when the cooling fluid passes from the first to the second overlap region 15, 22.
  • the inner step 33 also overlaps with the transition region 58 and runs along it.
  • Figure 7 is a schematically greatly simplified partial view of the first fluid distribution area 21, wherein the viewing angle, as can be seen from the position of the through-opening 11c, is rotated compared to Figure 4 and essentially corresponds to that of Figure 3.
  • a plurality of flow arrows show the course of the fluid flow through the first fluid distribution area 21 in the direction of the flow field. 17b on the outside of the first single plate 2b. The flow arrows are curved according to the two-fold change of direction explained above.
  • Fig. 8 is a representation of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 that is essentially analogous to Fig. 3, omitting the optional third overlap region 24.
  • Fig. 8 is a greatly simplified schematic. A slightly different position of the transition region 58 compared to Fig. 3 and Fig. 7 is due to this schematic simplification and is of no particular importance.
  • Fig. 8 shows a fluid inflow from the through-opening 11a into the first section A of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19.
  • the cooling fluid flows along the first section A (see main flow arrow 66) and enters the transition region 58 successively and at several positions and via this into the second overlap region 22 (see curved arrows 67). In doing so, it undergoes the level change described above and flows primarily along the first web-channel structure 47 on the inside of the first individual plate 2b (see Figures 10-12).
  • the cooling fluid flow changes direction from the main flow arrow 66 to the arrows 68 of the second overlap region 22 running in the direction of the flow field 17.
  • the cooling fluid follows the change in direction of the web-channel structure 46 of the first fluid distribution region 21, which is reflected analogously in the first web-channel structure 47 on the inside of the first individual plate 2b.
  • the curved ends of the arrows 68 represent at least part of this change in direction.
  • Figure 9 shows a partial view of a view through the bipolar plate 2, analogous to Figure 4, with several cutting planes AA (along the transition region), BB (through the second overlap region 22) and CC (through the first overlap region 15). It is clear from the sectional views that the various regions are simultaneously optimized for all media and that the inner and outer sides of the two individual plates 2a, 2b formed from a sheet with a sheet thickness of less than 100 pm are in a positive-negative relationship to one another.
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view along the section plane A-A from Figure 9.
  • the inside of the second individual plate 2a is guided by the step 33 into a section-wise contact with the inside of the first individual plate 2b. Consequently, the cooling fluid passes through the illustrated first web-channel structure 47 on the inside of the first individual plate 2b, which in the transition region 58 largely defines a flow space 72 of the cooling fluid structure 19, into the second overlap region 22 outside the drawing plane. In doing so, it undergoes the change of plane discussed above. Furthermore, it is redirected by the inside first web-channel structure 47 as a result of the explained less sharp-edged change in direction and the increase in flow cross-section in the transition region 58 with reduced flow resistance into the second overlap region 22.
  • Fig. 10 as well as Figures 11 and 12 also show the connection between the web-channel structure 46 on the outside of the first individual plate 2b and the complementarily shaped first web-channel structure 47 on the inside thereof.
  • the webs 27b of the web-channel structure 46 form channels 29c of the first web-channel structure 47 on the inside, and vice versa.
  • the channels 29b of the web-channel structure 46 form webs 27c of the first web-channel structure 47 on the inside, and vice versa.
  • Figure 10 also shows a distance D2 between two webs 27c analogous to the distance D2 shown in Figure 5. This makes it clear that the distance between two webs 27 always spans an intermediate channel 29.
  • Figure 11 is a sectional view according to the section plane BB from Figure 9.
  • first web-channel structures lie opposite one another on the respective inner sides of the individual plates 2a, 2b. This leads to non-uniform and multiply crossing flow paths within the overlap region 22.
  • Figure 12 is a sectional view according to the section plane CC from Figure 9.
  • a flow space 72 of the cooling fluid distribution structure 19 is largely limited by the raised section 42 of the second individual plate 2a, which overlaps with a section of the first fluid distribution region 21.
  • structure 47 on the inside of the first individual plate 2b runs essentially transversely to a main flow direction of the cooling fluid (cf. Figures 3 and 4) and therefore does not provide any significant flow space for the cooling fluid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque séparatrice pour système électrochimique. Le système électrochimique peut en particulier être un système de pile à combustible, un compresseur électrochimique, un électrolyseur ou une batterie à flux redox. L'invention concerne également un système électrochimique comprenant de multiples plaques séparatrices de ce type.
PCT/EP2024/066311 2023-06-13 2024-06-13 Plaque séparatrice pour système électrochimique Ceased WO2024256513A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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CN202480039516.9A CN121359268A (zh) 2023-06-13 2024-06-13 用于电化学系统的分隔器板
DE112024002522.6T DE112024002522A5 (de) 2023-06-13 2024-06-13 Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System

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DE202023103253.2U DE202023103253U1 (de) 2023-06-13 2023-06-13 Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System

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Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6607858B2 (en) * 1997-07-16 2003-08-19 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Electrochemical fuel cell stack with improved reactant manifolding and sealing
DE102014206335A1 (de) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Volkswagen Ag Bipolarplatte und Brennstoffzelle mit einer solchen
DE102015225228A1 (de) * 2015-11-24 2017-05-24 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle sowie Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer solchen
DE202016107302U1 (de) 2016-12-22 2018-03-27 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System
DE202020106459U1 (de) 2020-11-11 2022-02-16 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Anordnung für ein elektrochemisches System, Stapel sowie elektrochemisches System
EP3985766A1 (fr) * 2020-10-19 2022-04-20 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Plaque bipolaire de cellule électrochimique à pertes de charge réduites

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018200673B4 (de) * 2018-01-17 2021-05-12 Audi Ag Bipolarplatte, Brennstoffzelle und ein Kraftfahrzeug
CN109994752B (zh) * 2019-04-26 2024-07-12 新源动力股份有限公司 一种燃料电池双极板
DE102020213214A1 (de) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-21 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle, Brennstoffzelle sowie Fahrzeug mit einem Brennstoffzellenstapel

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6607858B2 (en) * 1997-07-16 2003-08-19 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Electrochemical fuel cell stack with improved reactant manifolding and sealing
DE102014206335A1 (de) * 2014-04-02 2015-10-08 Volkswagen Ag Bipolarplatte und Brennstoffzelle mit einer solchen
DE102015225228A1 (de) * 2015-11-24 2017-05-24 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle sowie Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer solchen
DE202016107302U1 (de) 2016-12-22 2018-03-27 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System
EP3985766A1 (fr) * 2020-10-19 2022-04-20 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Plaque bipolaire de cellule électrochimique à pertes de charge réduites
DE202020106459U1 (de) 2020-11-11 2022-02-16 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Anordnung für ein elektrochemisches System, Stapel sowie elektrochemisches System

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CN121359268A (zh) 2026-01-16

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