WO2024256547A1 - Contact device for a stator of an electric motor - Google Patents

Contact device for a stator of an electric motor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024256547A1
WO2024256547A1 PCT/EP2024/066379 EP2024066379W WO2024256547A1 WO 2024256547 A1 WO2024256547 A1 WO 2024256547A1 EP 2024066379 W EP2024066379 W EP 2024066379W WO 2024256547 A1 WO2024256547 A1 WO 2024256547A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
contact
crimp
coil end
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2024/066379
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kartik Sawarkar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG filed Critical Brose Fahrzeugteile SE and Co KG
Publication of WO2024256547A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024256547A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/46Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/52Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto
    • H02K3/521Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only
    • H02K3/522Fastening salient pole windings or connections thereto applicable to stators only for generally annular cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/10Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation
    • H01R4/18Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping
    • H01R4/183Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section
    • H01R4/184Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation effected solely by twisting, wrapping, bending, crimping, or other permanent deformation by crimping for cylindrical elongated bodies, e.g. cables having circular cross-section comprising a U-shaped wire-receiving portion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/30Manufacture of winding connections
    • H02K15/33Connecting winding sections; Forming leads; Connecting leads to terminals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/09Machines characterised by wiring elements other than wires, e.g. bus rings, for connecting the winding terminations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a contact device for a stator of an electric motor, having a connection ring that is placed or can be placed on the front of a stator package, and a number of busbars for connecting coil ends of a stator winding to a number of phase connections, wherein at least one busbar has an axially directed contact lug.
  • the invention further relates to a stator, a method for producing a stator, and an electric motor.
  • a brushless electric motor in particular as an electric three-phase machine usually has a stator with a number of stator teeth, for example arranged in a star shape, which carry an electric rotating field or stator winding in the form of individual coils, which in turn are wound from an insulating wire.
  • the coils are assigned to individual strands or phases with their coil ends (winding wire ends) and are connected to one another in a predetermined manner and led to phase connections for energizing the rotating field winding.
  • phase winding The phases of a three-phase current feeding the rotating field winding and the associated rotating field are referred to as (motor) phases.
  • this also includes the stator coils (phase winding) assigned to each such phase with the associated connecting cables (phase end).
  • the stator has three phases and thus at least three phase conductors or phase windings, each of which is supplied with electrical current in a phase-shifted manner in order to generate a magnetic rotating field in which a rotor or runner, usually provided with permanent magnets, rotates.
  • the phase ends of the phase windings are led to motor electronics to control the electric motor.
  • the coils of the rotating field winding are connected in a star connection or in a delta connection and electrically contacted with the three phase connections.
  • contact devices in the form of interconnection systems or switching units are common, which are placed on the front of the stator or a stator package. Such contact devices are used in particular to electrically connect the coil ends of the winding wire sections forming the coil windings, so that individual coil ends are electrically short-circuited with one another, and thus the coil or phase windings can be supplied with current in series.
  • Such contact devices often have a number of integrated or molded conductor tracks or busbars as connecting conductors for connecting or contacting the coil ends.
  • the coil ends When assembling the electric motor or stator, the coil ends are contacted with the busbars, so that coil windings assigned to a common phase are short-circuited with one another via the contact device.
  • the contacting of the coil ends with the busbars is usually carried out by means of a material connection, for example by means of soldering or welding.
  • Page 3 A "material bond” or a “material bond” between at least two interconnected parts is understood here and below in particular to mean that the interconnected parts are held together at their contact surfaces by material union or cross-linking (for example due to atomic or molecular bonding forces), possibly with the effect of an additive.
  • brazing is conventionally used, which is relatively insensitive to positional tolerances or wire misalignment of the coil ends, since an electrode presses a coil end to be soldered against a contact or welding lug of the busbar, thereby creating a brazed connection.
  • additional soldering materials such as Silfos
  • Silfos are cost-intensive and require an additional process in the manufacture of the stator.
  • Other joining techniques such as laser welding, are comparatively sensitive to positional and positioning tolerances.
  • Such connection methods therefore require a relatively high degree of positioning accuracy when positioning the coil end on the busbar.
  • a direct (point) contact of the insulated coil end on the busbar is necessary.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable contact device for a stator. In particular, simple and reliable contacting of the coil ends is to be achieved. The invention is also based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable stator and a particularly suitable method as well as a particularly suitable electric motor. Page 4
  • the contact device according to the invention is intended for a stator of an electric motor and is suitable and designed for this purpose.
  • the contact device has a connection ring that is placed or can be placed on the front of a stator package, by means of which the coil or winding ends of a wound stator package are connected to form a multi-phase stator winding.
  • the connection ring has a number of busbars for connecting coil ends of the stator winding to a number of phase connections.
  • the phase connections form the interface to a motor electronics or a motor control unit, via which a three-phase current is fed in during motor operation.
  • the busbars which are designed in particular as stamped and bent parts, are embedded or integrated in the connection ring, for example.
  • the busbars are preferably molded as an insert with the connection ring designed as an injection-molded part, with the busbars being exposed at least in sections in the contact area with the coil ends.
  • the contact areas of the busbars with the coil ends are each designed as an axially directed contact lug, according to the invention each having a crimp contour for non-adhesive electrical (crimp) contact with the respective associated coil end.
  • the coil ends are therefore not welded or soldered to the contact lugs in a material-locking manner, but are crimped in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner without a material-locking connection. This creates a particularly suitable contact device.
  • axial or an “axial direction” is understood here and in the following to mean a direction parallel (coaxial) to the axis of rotation of the electric motor, i.e. perpendicular to the front sides of the stator. Accordingly, here and in the Page 5
  • radial or a “radial direction” is understood to mean in particular a direction oriented perpendicular (transversely) to the axis of rotation of the electric motor along a radius of the stator or the electric motor.
  • Tangential or a “tangential direction” is understood here and in the following to mean in particular a direction along the circumference of the stator or the electric motor (circumferential direction, azimuthal direction), i.e. a direction perpendicular to the axial direction and the radial direction.
  • the conjunction “and/or” is to be understood here and in the following in such a way that the features linked by means of this conjunction can be designed both together and as alternatives to one another.
  • a “positive connection” or a “positive connection” between at least two interconnected parts is understood here and in the following in particular to mean that the interconnected parts are held together at least in one direction by a direct interlocking of contours of the parts themselves or by an indirect interlocking via an additional connecting part.
  • a “force connection” or a “force-locking connection” between at least two interconnected parts is understood here and below in particular to mean that the interconnected parts are prevented from sliding off one another due to a frictional force acting between them. If there is no “connecting force” causing this frictional force (this means the force that presses the parts against one another, for example a screw force or the weight itself), the force-locking connection cannot be maintained and can therefore be released.
  • the contact lug has an axial crimp slot, which divides the contact lug into two crimp legs in sections.
  • the crimp slot serves as a contact or clamping slot for the coil end to be contacted, which is used for the crimp contact with the Page 6 Crimp leg is crimped. This allows for a structurally simple crimp contact using the contact lug.
  • the crimp slot opens into a wire holder, which has a wider diameter than the crimp slot.
  • the wire holder is adapted to the outer circumference of the coil end to be contacted. With a coil end designed as a round wire, the wire holder is designed as a circular through-opening of the contact lug.
  • the stator according to the invention is intended for an electric motor and is suitable and designed for this purpose.
  • the stator has a stator package, designed for example as a punched laminated core, with a number of radial stator teeth, each of which is wound or equipped with a coil.
  • the coils each have two axially oriented coil ends.
  • a contact device described above for contacting and connecting the coils or coil ends to a multi-phase rotating field or stator winding is placed axially on the front side of the stator package.
  • the contact device or its connection ring has a number of axial through-openings corresponding to the number of coil ends, through which the coil ends to be connected are guided to a respective contact lug.
  • the coil ends are crimped or crimp-contacted using the crimp contours of the contact lugs. This creates a particularly suitable stator which can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.
  • the or each coil end to be contacted is bent radially for the crimp contact.
  • the Page 7 The coil end is pivoted during bending in such a way that the coil end is pressed into the wire receptacle through the axial crimp slot.
  • the coil end is suitably inserted axially in the wire receptacle of the contact lug with a positive fit.
  • two crimp legs of the contact lug are pressed radially and/or tangentially onto the coil end for the crimp contact.
  • the information radial and/or tangential refers in particular to a longitudinal direction of the approximately cylindrical coil end.
  • the crimp legs are pressed from the outside onto the outer circumference of the coil end. This ensures reliable and operationally safe contacting of the coil end.
  • the method according to the invention is intended for producing a stator as described above and is suitable and designed for this purpose.
  • a stator package, a number of coils or coil wires and a contact device as described above are provided here.
  • a number of radial stator teeth of the stator package are fitted or wound with coils, the coil ends of the coils being aligned in an axially oriented manner.
  • the contact device is then placed on the front of the stator package in such a way that at least one coil end is guided through a through-opening of the connection ring to a contact lug, and the coil end is crimp-contacted to the contact lug. This creates a particularly suitable method for producing a stator.
  • the coil ends of the stator to be contacted are axially oriented, the connection ring having axial through-openings for the coil ends, which are arranged adjacent to the contact lugs. When placed on, the coil ends are thus oriented essentially parallel to the contact lugs.
  • the coil ends are preferably bent approximately radially and pressed axially in a form-fitting manner into a wire holder through a crimping slot in the contact lug, two crimping legs of the contact lug being crimped from the outside to the Page 8 the respective coil end is pressed (on). This enables reliable and structurally simple contacting of the coil ends.
  • the electric motor according to the invention is intended for a motor vehicle and is suitable and designed for this purpose.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic and simplified representation of an electric motor of a motor vehicle
  • Fig. 2 shows a contact device of a stator in perspective
  • Fig. 3 shows the stator and the contact device in perspective exploded view
  • Fig. 4 shows a contact lug of the contact device in perspective
  • Fig. 5 shows the contact lug with a contacted coil end in perspective
  • Fig. 6 shows a crimp contact of the coil end in perspective.
  • Parts and sizes that correspond to one another are always provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic and highly simplified representation of an electric motor 2 of a motor vehicle.
  • the electric motor 2 has a stator 4 with a multi-phase rotating field or stator winding 6, which is connected to a motor electronics 12 for energization by means of phase connections (phase contacts) 8 of a contact device 10 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).
  • the rotating field winding 6 When energized, the rotating field winding 6 generates a magnetic rotating field, which drives a rotor of the electric motor 2 (not shown in detail).
  • the stator winding 6 is designed in particular as three-phase with three (motor) phases U, V, W.
  • Each phase U, V, W is Page 9 is formed from a phase winding which is essentially formed by connecting at least one coil of the stator winding.
  • phases U, V and W are connected to one another in a delta connection.
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the contact device (switching unit) 10 for the stator 4.
  • Fig. 3 shows the stator 4 and the contact device 10 in a partially disassembled state.
  • the contact device 10 is placed on the front side of the stator 4 or on a stator package 14 in the assembled state.
  • the stator package 14 of the stator 4 comprises, for example, twelve inwardly directed stator teeth onto which the stator or rotating field winding 6 of the electric motor 2 is applied.
  • the coil windings are wound in particular as (individual) coils 16, for example on insulating winding supports or coil supports 18, and are placed with these on the stator teeth of the stator package.
  • Each of the frame-like winding supports carries a coil 16 as part of the stator winding 6.
  • the coils 16 each have two approximately axially directed coil ends 20.
  • the coils 16, coil supports 18, and coil ends 20 are provided with reference numerals in the figures merely as examples.
  • the coil ends 20 of the (individual) coils 16 are connected to the stator winding 6, which is 3-phase in this embodiment, by means of the contact device 10 placed on the front of the stator 4.
  • the contact device 10 In electromotive operation, the energized windings of the stator winding 6 generate a stator-side magnetic field, which interacts with permanent magnets of a rotor of the brushless electric motor 2 rotating around the central stator or motor axis.
  • the contact device 10 has a circular ring-shaped connection ring 22.
  • the coil ends 20 of the coils 16 are guided through axial through-openings 24 and are provided on the top of the connection ring 22 with contact lugs 26.
  • the through-openings 24 and contact lugs 26 are provided with reference numerals in the figures merely as examples.
  • the contact device 10 has a number of busbars or conductor tracks 28 as connecting conductors for interconnecting the coil ends 20 or the contact lugs 26 with the phase connections 8.
  • the approximately axially directed contact lugs 26 are integrally formed on the busbars 28 as contact points for contacting or electrically conductive connection with the respectively assigned coil end 20, i.e. in one piece or monolithically.
  • the contact lugs 26 are designed as angled rail ends of the busbars 28.
  • the busbars 28 are preferably embedded in the interconnection ring 22 or overmolded with it, with essentially only the contact lugs 26 protruding.
  • the contact lugs 26 are designed in particular as crimp lugs for a material-free crimp connection with the stripped coil ends 20.
  • the busbars 28 and contact lugs 26 are designed, for example, as common stamped and bent parts made of a copper material.
  • Figures 4 to 6 show sections of a contact lug 26 and a through-opening 24. As can be seen in Figure 4, for example, the contact lug 26 has a crimp contour 29 with an axial crimp slot 30, which divides the contact lug 26 into two crimp legs 32 in a fork-like manner.
  • the crimp slot 30 is widened towards the free ends of the crimp legs 32, so that an insertion bevel 34 is formed to facilitate the insertion of the coil end 20.
  • a circular through-opening is made in the contact lug 26 as a wire receptacle 36.
  • the wire receptacle 36 has a wider diameter than the crimp slot 32.
  • the diameter of the wire receptacle 36 preferably corresponds to the diameter of the (stripped) coil end 20.
  • Page 11 As shown in Figures 5 and 6, for example, the axial coil end 20 is bent approximately radially and pressed axially through the crimp slot 32 into the wire receptacle 36 via the insertion bevel 34.
  • the coil end 20 is then seated axially in the wire receptacle 36 in a form-fitting manner (Fig. 5).
  • the crimp legs 32 are then pressed from the outside against the outer circumference of the coil end 20 seated in the wire receptacle 36 using a pressing tool 38 and are thus crimped or crimp-contacted using the crimp contour 29.
  • the claimed invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Rather, other variants of the invention can also be derived from this by the person skilled in the art within the scope of the disclosed claims without departing from the subject matter of the claimed invention. In particular, all individual features described in connection with the various embodiments can also be combined in other ways within the scope of the disclosed claims without departing from the subject matter of the claimed invention.
  • Page 12 List of reference symbols 2 Electric motor 4 Stator 6 Stator/rotating field winding 8 Phase connection 10 Contact device 12 Motor electronics 14 Stator package 16 Coil 18 Coil carrier 20 Coil end 22 Connection ring 24 Through opening 26 Contact lug 28 Busbar 29 Crimp contour 30 Crimp slot 32 Crimp leg 34 Lead-in chamfer 36 Through opening 38 Press tool

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a contact device (10) for a stator (4) of an electric motor (2), comprising an interconnection ring (22) placed or placeable on the end face of a stator core (14), and a plurality of bus bars (28) for interconnecting coil ends (20) of a stator winding (6) with a plurality of phase terminals (8), wherein at least one bus bar (28) has an axially directed contact lug (26), and wherein the contact lug (26) has a crimp contour (29) for contact with a respectively associated coil end (20).

Description

Seite 1 2022432 WO Beschreibung Kontaktvorrichtung für einen Stator eines Elektromotors Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kontaktvorrichtung für einen Stator eines Elektromotors, aufweisend einen stirnseitig auf ein Statorpaket aufgesetzten oder aufsetzbaren Verschaltungsring, und eine Anzahl von Stromschienen zur Verschaltung von Spulenenden einer Statorwicklung mit einer Anzahl von Phasenanschlüssen wo- bei zumindest eine Stromschiene eine axial gerichtete Kontaktfahne aufweist. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin einen Stator, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sta- tors, und einen Elektromotor. Kraftfahrzeuge weisen heutzutage üblicherweise eine Anzahl von Verstellteilen, beispielsweise eine Sitzverstellung, ein betätigbares Schloss, ein Fensterheber und/oder ein verstellbares Schiebedach auf, welche mittels eines jeweils zugeord- neten elektromotorischen Verstellantriebs zwischen verschiedenen Stellpositionen verfahrbar sind. Ein insbesondere bürstenloser Elektromotor als elektrische Drehstrommaschine weist in der Regel einen Stator mit einer Anzahl von beispielsweise sternförmig angeordneten Statorzähnen auf, welche eine elektrische Drehfeld- oder Stator- wicklung in Form einzelner Spulen tragen, die ihrerseits aus einem Isolierdraht ge- wickelt sind. Die Spulen sind mit deren Spulenenden (Wickeldrahtenden) einzel- nen Strängen oder Phasen zugeordnet und untereinander in einer vorbestimmten Weise verschaltet und an Phasenanschlüsse zur Bestromung der Drehfeldwick- lung geführt. Die Phasen eines die Drehfeldwicklung speisenden Drehstroms und des zugehöri- gen Drehfeldes werden als (Motor-)Phasen bezeichnet. Im übertragenen Sinne Seite 2 werden hierunter auch die jeweils einer solchen Phase zugeordneten Statorspulen (Phasenwicklung) mit den zugehörigen Verbindungsleitungen (Phasenende) ver- standen. Im Falle eines bürstenlosen Elektromotors als dreiphasige Drehstrommaschine weist der Stator drei Phasen und damit zumindest drei Phasenleiter oder Phasen- wicklungen auf, die jeweils phasenversetzt mit elektrischem Strom beaufschlagt werden, um ein magnetisches Drehfeld zu erzeugen, in dem ein üblicherweise mit Permanentmagneten versehener Rotor oder Läufer rotiert. Die Phasenenden der Phasenwicklungen werden zur Ansteuerung des Elektromotors an eine Motorel- ektronik geführt. Die Spulen der Drehfeldwicklung werden hierbei in Sternschal- tung oder in Dreieckschaltung verschaltet und mit den drei Phasenanschlüssen elektrisch kontaktiert. Zur Führung und Verschaltung der Spulenenden sind Kontaktvorrichtung als Ver- schaltsysteme oder Schalteinheiten üblich, welche stirnseitig auf den Stator bezie- hungsweise auf ein Statorpaket aufgesetzt werden. Derartige Kontaktvorrichtun- gen dienen insbesondere dazu, die Spulenenden der die Spulenwicklungen bil- denden Wickeldrahtabschnitte elektrisch leitend zu verbinden, so dass einzelne Spulenenden elektrisch miteinander kurzgeschlossen sind, und somit die Spulen- oder Phasenwicklungen seriell bestrombar sind. Derartige Kontaktvorrichtungen weisen zur Verbindung oder Kontaktierung der Spulenenden häufig eine Anzahl von integrierten oder umspritzten Leiterbahnen oder Stromschienen als Verbindungsleiter auf. Bei der Montage des Elektromotors beziehungsweise Stators werden die Spulenenden mit den Stromschienen kontak- tiert, so dass einer gemeinsamen Phase zugeordnete Spulenwicklungen über die Kontaktvorrichtung miteinander kurzgeschlossen sind. Die Kontaktierung der Spulenenden mit den Stromschienen erfolgt in der Regel mittels einer Stoffschlussverbindung, beispielsweise mittels Lötens oder Schwei- ßens. Seite 3 Unter einem „Stoffschluss“ oder einer „stoffschlüssigen Verbindung“ zwischen we- nigstens zwei miteinander verbundenen Teilen wird hier und im Folgenden insbe- sondere verstanden, dass die miteinander verbundenen Teile an Ihren Kontaktflä- chen durch stoffliche Vereinigung oder Vernetzung (beispielsweise aufgrund von atomaren oder molekularen Bindungskräften) gegebenenfalls unter Wirkung eines Zusatzstoffs zusammengehalten werden. Herkömmlicherweise wird beispielsweise ein Hartlöten verwendet, welches ver- gleichsweise unempfindlich gegenüber Lagetoleranzen oder einen Drahtschief- stand der Spulenenden ist, da hierbei eine Elektrode ein zu lötendes Spulenende gegen eine Kontakt- oder Schweißfahne der Stromschiene presst und dadurch eine Hartlötverbindung hergestellt wird. Nachteiligerweise erfordert Hartlöten zu- sätzliche Lötmaterialien, wie beispielsweise Silfos, welche kostenintensiv sind, und einen zusätzlichen Verfahrensprozess bei der Herstellung des Stators erfordern. Bei anderen Verbindungstechniken, wie beispielsweise einem Laserschweißen, besteht eine vergleichsweise hohe Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Lage- und Positi- onstoleranzen. Daher erfordern solche Verbindungsverfahren eine vergleichs- weise hohe Positionsgenauigkeit bei der Positionierung des Spulenendes an der Stromschiene. Insbesondere ist hierbei eine unmittelbare (Punkt-)Anlage des ab- isolierten Spulenendes an der Stromschiene notwendig. Weiterhin dürfen beim La- serschweißen im Bereich der Kontaktstelle keine Kunststoffbauteile angeordnet sein, da diese schmelzen könnten, wodurch Positionierungsfreiheiten auf der Kon- taktvorrichtung eingeschränkt werden. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine besonders geeignete Kontaktvor- richtung für einen Stator anzugeben. Insbesondere soll eine einfache und zuver- lässige Kontaktierung der Spulenenden realisiert werden. Der Erfindung liegt wei- terhin die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen besonders geeigneten Stator und ein beson- ders geeignetes Verfahren sowie einen besonders geeigneten Elektromotor anzu- geben. Seite 4 Die erfindungsgemäße Kontaktvorrichtung ist für einen Stator eines Elektromotors vorgesehen sowie dafür geeignet und ausgeführt. Die Kontaktvorrichtung weist hierbei einen stirnseitig auf ein Statorpaket aufgesetzten oder aufsetzbaren Ver- schaltungsring auf, mittels welchem die Spulen- oder Wicklungsenden eines bewi- ckelten Statorpakets zu einer mehrphasigen Statorwicklung verschaltet werden. Hierzu weist der Verschaltungsring eine Anzahl von Stromschienen zur Verschal- tung von Spulenenden der Statorwicklung mit einer Anzahl von Phasenanschlüs- sen auf. Die Phasenanschlüsse bilden hierbei die Schnittstelle zu einer Motorel- ektronik oder einem Motorsteuergerät, über welche im Motorbetrieb ein Drehstrom eingespeist wird. Die insbesondere als Stanzbiegeteile ausgeführten Stromschie- nen sind beispielsweise in dem Verschaltungsring eingebettet oder integriert. Vor- zugsweise sind die Stromschienen als Einlegeteil mit dem als Spritzgussteil aus- geführten Verschaltungsring umspritzt, wobei die Stromschienen im Kontaktbe- reich zu den Spulenenden zumindest abschnittsweise freiliegend sind. Die Kontaktbereiche der Stromschienen zu den Spulenenden sind jeweils als eine axial gerichtete Kontaktfahne ausgeführt, erfindungsgemäß jeweils eine Crimpkon- tur zur stoffschlussfreien elektrischen (Crimp-)Kontaktierung mit dem jeweils zuge- ordneten Spulenende aufweist. Die Spulenenden werden also nicht mit den Kon- taktfahnen stoffschlüssig verschweißt oder gelötet, sondern ohne eine Stoff- schluss form- und/oder kraftschlüssig gecrimpt. Dadurch ist eine besonders geeig- nete Kontaktvorrichtung realisiert. Durch die Crimpkontaktierung ist eine kosten- und energieeffiziente Verschaltung und Kontaktierung der Spulenenden beziehungsweise der Statorwicklung zu den Phasen und mit den Phasenanschlüssen ermöglicht. Weiterhin entfallen somit kostenintensive Zusatz- und Lötmaterialien für den Verschaltungs- und Kontaktie- rungsprozess. Unter „axial“ oder einer „Axialrichtung“ wird hier und im Folgenden insbesondere eine Richtung parallel (koaxial) zur Drehachse des Elektromotors, also senkrecht zu den Stirnseiten des Stators verstanden. Entsprechend wird hier und im Seite 5 Folgenden unter „radial“ oder einer „Radialrichtung“ insbesondere eine senkrecht (quer) zur Drehachse des Elektromotors orientierte Richtung entlang eines Radius des Stators beziehungsweise des Elektromotors verstanden. Unter „tangential“ oder einer „Tangentialrichtung“ wird hier und im Folgenden insbesondere eine Richtung entlang des Umfangs des Stators oder des Elektromotors (Umfangsrich- tung, Azimutalrichtung), also eine Richtung senkrecht zur Axialrichtung und zur Radialrichtung, verstanden. Die Konjunktion „und/oder“ ist hier und im Folgenden derart zu verstehen, dass die mittels dieser Konjunktion verknüpften Merkmale sowohl gemeinsam als auch als Alternativen zueinander ausgebildet sein können. Unter einem „Formschluss“ oder einer „formschlüssigen Verbindung“ zwischen wenigstens zwei miteinander verbundenen Teilen wird hier und im Folgenden ins- besondere verstanden, dass der Zusammenhalt der miteinander verbundenen Teile zumindest in einer Richtung durch ein unmittelbares Ineinandergreifen von Konturen der Teile selbst oder durch ein mittelbares Ineinandergreifen über ein zu- sätzliches Verbindungsteil erfolgt. Das „Sperren“ einer gegenseitigen Bewegung in dieser Richtung erfolgt also formbedingt. Unter einem „Kraftschluss“ oder einer „kraftschlüssigen Verbindung“ zwischen we- nigstens zwei miteinander verbundenen Teilen wird hier und im Folgenden insbe- sondere verstanden, dass die miteinander verbundenen Teile aufgrund einer zwi- schen ihnen wirkenden Reibkraft gegen ein Abgleiten aneinander gehindert sind. Fehlt eine diese Reibkraft hervorrufende „Verbindungskraft“ (dies bedeutet dieje- nige Kraft, welche die Teile gegeneinander drückt, beispielsweise eine Schrauben- kraft oder die Gewichtskraft selbst), kann die kraftschlüssige Verbindung nicht auf- recht erhalten und somit gelöst werden. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführung weist die Kontaktfahne einen axialen Crimp- schlitz auf, welcher die Kontaktfahne abschnittsweise in zwei Crimpschenkel teilt. Der Crimpschlitz dient hierbei als ein Kontakt- oder Klemmschlitz für das zu kon- taktierende Spulenende, welches für die Crimpkontaktierung mit den Seite 6 Crimpschenkel gecrimpt wird. Dadurch ist eine konstruktiv einfache Crimpkontak- tierung mittels der Kontaktfahne realisiert. In einer geeigneten Weiterbildung mündet der Crimpschlitz in eine Drahtauf- nahme, welche gegenüber dem Crimpschlitz einen verbreiterten Durchmesser auf- weist. Die Drahtaufnahme ist hierbei an den Außenumfang des zu kontaktierenden Spulenendes angepasst. Bei einem als Runddraht ausgeführten Spulenende ist die Drahtaufnahme entsprechend als eine kreisrunde Durchführöffnung der Kon- taktfahne ausgebildet. Das Spulenende wird axial entlang des Crimpschlitzes in die Drahtaufnahme eingepresst, wobei aufgrund des reduzierten Durchmessers des Crimpschlitzes eine axial formschlüssige Halterung für das Spulenende inner- halb der Drahtaufnahme realisiert ist. Der erfindungsgemäße Stator ist für einen Elektromotor vorgesehen sowie dafür geeignet und eingerichtet. Der Stator weist ein beispielsweise als stanzpaketiertes Blechpaket ausgeführtes Statorpaket mit einer Anzahl von radialen Statorzähnen auf, welche jeweils mit einer Spule bewickelt oder bestückt sind. Die Spulen wei- sen jeweils zwei axial orientierte Spulenenden auf. Auf das Statorpaket ist eine vorstehend beschriebene Kontaktvorrichtung zur Kon- taktierung und Verschaltung der Spulen beziehungsweise Spulenenden zu einer mehrphasigen Drehfeld- oder Statorwicklung axial stirnseitig aufgesetzt. Die Kontaktvorrichtung beziehungsweise deren Verschaltungsring weist hierbei eine Anzahl der Spulenenden entsprechende Anzahl von axialen Durchführöffnun- gen auf, durch welche die zu verschaltenden Spulenenden zu einer jeweiligen Kontaktfahne geführt sind. Erfindungsgemäß sind die Spulenenden mittels der Crimpkonturen der Kontaktfahnen gecrimpt oder crimpkontaktiert. Dadurch ist ein besonders geeigneter Stator realisiert, welche besonders kostengünstig herstell- bar ist. In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist das oder jedes zu kontaktierende Spulen- ende für die Crimpkontaktierung radial umgebogen. Vorzugsweise wird das Seite 7 Spulenende beim Umbiegen derart verschwenkt, dass das Spulenende durch den axialen Crimpschlitz in die Drahtaufnahme eingepresst wird. Geeigneterweise ist das Spulenende hierbei axial formschlüssig in der Drahtaufnahme der Kontakt- fahne eingesetzt. In einer zweckmäßigen Ausbildung ist es vorgesehen, dass für die Crimpkontak- tierung zwei Crimpschenkel der Kontaktfahne radial und/oder tangential an das Spulenende gepresst sind. Die Angaben radial und/oder tangential beziehen sich hierbei insbesondere auf eine Längsrichtung des etwa zylindrischen Spulenendes. Mit anderen Worten werden die Crimpschenkel von außen an den Außenumfang des Spulenendes angepresst. Dadurch ist eine zuverlässige und betriebssichere Kontaktierung des Spulenendes gewährleistet. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist zur Herstellung eines vorstehend beschrie- benen Stators vorgesehen sowie dafür geeignet und ausgestaltet. Hier werden ein Statorpaket, eine Anzahl von Spulen oder Spulendrähten, und eine vorstehend be- schriebene Kontaktvorrichtung bereitgestellt. Verfahrensgemäß wird eine Anzahl von radialen Statorzähnen des Statorpakets mit Spulen bestückt oder bewickelt, wobei die Spulenenden der Spulen axial ori- entiert ausgerichtet werden. Anschließend wird die Kontaktvorrichtung derart stirn- seitig auf das Statorpaket aufgesetzt, dass zumindest ein Spulenende durch eine Durchführöffnung des Verschaltungsrings zu einer Kontaktfahne geführt ist, und wobei das Spulenende mit der Kontaktfahne crimpkontaktiert wird. Dadurch ist ein besonders geeignetes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stators realisiert. Die zu kontaktierenden Spulenenden des Stators sind axial orientiert, wobei der Verschaltungsring axiale Durchführöffnungen für die Spulenenden aufweist, wel- che benachbart zu den Kontaktfahnen angeordnet sind. Im aufgesetzten Zustand sind die Spulenenden somit im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Kontaktfahnen orien- tiert. Vorzugsweise werden die Spulenenden etwa radial umgebogen und durch ei- nen Crimpschlitz der Kontaktfahne axial formschlüssig in eine Drahtaufnahme ge- presst wird, wobei zwei Crimpschenkel der Kontaktfahne von außen an das Seite 8 jeweilige Spulenende (an-)gepresst werden. Dadurch ist eine zuverlässige und konstruktiv einfache Kontaktierung der Spulenenden ermöglicht. Der erfindungsgemäße Elektromotor ist für ein Kraftfahrzeug vorgesehen sowie dafür geeignet und eingerichtet. Der Elektromotor weist hierbei einen vorstehend beschriebenen Stator auf. Nachfolgend ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert: Fig.1 in schematischer und vereinfachter Darstellung einen Elektromotor eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Fig.2 in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Kontaktvorrichtung eines Stators, Fig.3 in perspektivischer Explosionsdarstellung den Stator und die Kontaktvor- richtung, Fig.4 in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Kontaktfahne der Kontaktvorrichtung, Fig.5 in perspektivischer Darstellung die Kontaktfahne mit einem kontaktierten Spulenende, und Fig.6 in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Crimpkontaktierung des Spulenendes. Einander entsprechende Teile und Größen sind in allen Figuren stets mit den glei- chen Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Fig.1 zeigt in schematischer und stark vereinfachter Darstellung einen Elekt- romotor 2 eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Der Elektromotor 2 weist einen Stator 4 mit einer mehrphasigen Drehfeld- oder Statorwicklung 6 auf, welche zur Bestromung mittels Phasenanschlüssen (Phasenkontakten) 8 einer Kontaktvorrichtung 10 (Fig.2, Fig. 3) mit einer Motorelektronik 12 verbunden ist. Im bestromten Zustand erzeugt die Drehfeldwicklung 6 ein magnetisches Drehfeld, welches einen nicht näher gezeig- ten Rotor des Elektromotors 2 antreibt. In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Statorwicklung 6 insbesondere dreiphasig mit drei (Motor-)Phasen U, V, W ausgeführt. Jede Phase U, V, W ist Seite 9 aus einer Phasenwicklung gebildet, welche im Wesentlichen durch eine Verschal- tung jeweils mindestens einer Spule der Statorwicklung gebildet ist. Die Phasen U, V, W sind in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel in einer Dreieckschaltung miteinander verschaltet. Die Fig.2 zeigt in perspektivischer Ansicht die Kontaktvorrichtung (Schalteinheit) 10 für den Stator 4. In der Fig.3 ist der Stator 4 und die Kontaktvorrichtung 10 in einem teilweise auseinandergenommenen Zustand gezeigt. Wie insbesondere in der Fig.3 ersichtlich ist, ist die Kontaktvorrichtung 10 im Montagezustand stirnsei- tig auf den Stator 4 beziehungsweise auf ein Statorpaket 14 aufgesetzt. Das Statorpaket 14 des Stators 4 umfasst beispielsweise zwölf nach innen gerich- teten Statorzähne, auf welche die Stator- beziehungsweise Drehfeldwicklung 6 des Elektromotors 2 aufgebracht ist. Die Spulenwicklungen sind insbesondere als (Einzel-)Spulen 16 beispielsweise auf isolierende Wicklungsträger oder Spulenträger 18 gewickelt, und mit diesen auf die Statorzähne des Statorpakets aufgesetzt. Jeder der rahmenartigen Wick- lungsträger trägt hierbei eine Spule 16 als Teil der Statorwicklung 6. Die Spulen 16 weisen jeweils zwei etwa axial gerichtete Spulenenden 20 auf. Die Spulen 16, Spulenträger 18, und Spulenenden 20 sind in den Figuren lediglich beispielhaft mit Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Spulenenden 20 der (Einzel-)Spulen 16 werden mittels der stirnseitig auf den Stator 4 aufgesetzten Kontaktvorrichtung 10 zu der in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel 3-phasigen Statorwicklung 6 verschaltet. Im elektromotorischen Betrieb erzeugen die bestromten Wicklungen der Statorwicklung 6 ein statorseitiges Magnetfeld, welches in Wechselwirkung mit Permanentmagneten eines um die zentrale Stator- oder Motorachse rotierenden Rotors des bürstenlosen Elektromotors 2 tritt. Die Kontaktvorrichtung 10 weist einen kreisringförmigen Verschaltungsring 22 auf. Die Spulenenden 20 der Spulen 16 werden durch axiale Durchführöffnungen 24 geführt, und auf der Oberseite des Verschaltungsrings 22 mit Kontaktfahnen 26 Seite 10 zur Verschaltung kontaktiert. Die Durchführöffnungen 24 und Kontaktfahnen 26 sind in den Figuren lediglich beispielhaft mit Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Kontaktvorrichtung 10 weist eine Anzahl von Stromschienen oder Leiterbah- nen 28 als Verbindungsleiter zur Verschaltung der Spulenenden 20 beziehungs- weise der Kontaktfahnen 26 mit den Phasenanschlüssen 8 auf. Die etwa axial gerichteten Kontaktfahnen 26 sind als Kontaktstellen zur Kontaktie- rung oder elektrisch leitenden Verbindung mit dem jeweils zugeordneten Spulen- ende 20 einstückig, also einteilig oder monolithisch, an den Stromschienen 28 an- geformt. Insbesondere sind die Kontaktfahnen 26 als abgewinkelte Schienenen- den der Stromschienen 28 ausgeführt. Die Stromschienen 28 sind vorzugsweise in dem Verschaltungsring 22 eingebettet beziehungsweise mit diesem umspritzt, wobei im Wesentlichen lediglich die Kontaktfahnen 26 herausragen. Die Kontaktfahnen 26 sind hierbei insbesondere als Crimpfahnen für eine stoff- schlussfreie Crimpverbindung mit den insbesondere abisolierten Spulenenden 20 ausgeführt. Die Stromschienen 28 und Kontaktfahnen 26 sind hierbei beispiels- weise als gemeinsame Stanzbiegeteile aus einem Kupfermaterial ausgeführt. Die Figuren 4 bis 6 zeigen ausschnittsweise jeweils eine Kontaktfahne 26 und eine Durchführöffnung 24. Wie beispielsweise in der Fig.4 ersichtlich ist, weist die Kontaktfahne 26 eine Crimpkontur 29 mit einem axialen Crimpschlitz 30 auf, welcher die Kontaktfahne 26 gabelartig in zwei Crimpschenkel 32 teilt. Der Crimpschlitz 30 ist zu den Freien- den der Crimpschenkel 32 aufgeweitet, so dass eine Einführfase 34 zum erleich- terten Einsetzen des Spulenendes 20 gebildet ist. Gegenüberliegend zu der Ein- führfase 34 ist eine kreisrunde Durchführöffnung als Drahtaufnahme 36 in die Kon- taktfahne 26 eingebracht. Die Drahtaufnahme 36 weist hierbei im Vergleich zum Crimpschlitz 32 einen verbreiterten Durchmesser auf. Vorzugsweise entspricht der Durchmesser der Drahtaufnahme 36 dem Durchmesser des (abisolierten) Spulen- endes 20. Seite 11 Wie beispielsweise in den Figuren 5 und 6 gezeigt ist, wird das axiale Spulenende 20 etwa radial umgebogen und dabei über die Einführfase 34 axial durch den Crimpschlitz 32 in die Drahtaufnahme 36 eingepresst. Hierbei sitzt das Spulen- ende 20 axial formschlüssig in der Drahtaufnahme 36 ein (Fig.5). Anschließend werden die Crimpschenkel 32 mittels eines Presswerkzeugs 38 von außen gegen den Außenumfang des in der Drahtaufnahme 36 einsitzenden Spulenendes 20 ge- presst und somit mittels der Crimpkontur 29 gecrimpt beziehungsweise crimpkon- taktiert. Die beanspruchte Erfindung ist nicht auf die vorstehend beschriebenen Ausfüh- rungsbeispiele beschränkt. Vielmehr können auch andere Varianten der Erfindung von dem Fachmann hieraus im Rahmen der offenbarten Ansprüche abgeleitet werden, ohne den Gegenstand der beanspruchten Erfindung zu verlassen. Insbe- sondere sind ferner alle im Zusammenhang mit den verschiedenen Ausführungs- beispielen beschriebenen Einzelmerkmale im Rahmen der offenbarten Ansprüche auch auf andere Weise kombinierbar, ohne den Gegenstand der beanspruchten Erfindung zu verlassen. Page 1 2022432 WO Description Contact device for a stator of an electric motor The invention relates to a contact device for a stator of an electric motor, having a connection ring that is placed or can be placed on the front of a stator package, and a number of busbars for connecting coil ends of a stator winding to a number of phase connections, wherein at least one busbar has an axially directed contact lug. The invention further relates to a stator, a method for producing a stator, and an electric motor. Motor vehicles nowadays usually have a number of adjustment parts, for example a seat adjustment, an actuatable lock, a window lifter and/or an adjustable sunroof, which can be moved between different adjustment positions by means of a respectively assigned electromotive adjustment drive. A brushless electric motor in particular as an electric three-phase machine usually has a stator with a number of stator teeth, for example arranged in a star shape, which carry an electric rotating field or stator winding in the form of individual coils, which in turn are wound from an insulating wire. The coils are assigned to individual strands or phases with their coil ends (winding wire ends) and are connected to one another in a predetermined manner and led to phase connections for energizing the rotating field winding. The phases of a three-phase current feeding the rotating field winding and the associated rotating field are referred to as (motor) phases. In a figurative sense Page 2, this also includes the stator coils (phase winding) assigned to each such phase with the associated connecting cables (phase end). In the case of a brushless electric motor as a three-phase machine, the stator has three phases and thus at least three phase conductors or phase windings, each of which is supplied with electrical current in a phase-shifted manner in order to generate a magnetic rotating field in which a rotor or runner, usually provided with permanent magnets, rotates. The phase ends of the phase windings are led to motor electronics to control the electric motor. The coils of the rotating field winding are connected in a star connection or in a delta connection and electrically contacted with the three phase connections. To guide and connect the coil ends, contact devices in the form of interconnection systems or switching units are common, which are placed on the front of the stator or a stator package. Such contact devices are used in particular to electrically connect the coil ends of the winding wire sections forming the coil windings, so that individual coil ends are electrically short-circuited with one another, and thus the coil or phase windings can be supplied with current in series. Such contact devices often have a number of integrated or molded conductor tracks or busbars as connecting conductors for connecting or contacting the coil ends. When assembling the electric motor or stator, the coil ends are contacted with the busbars, so that coil windings assigned to a common phase are short-circuited with one another via the contact device. The contacting of the coil ends with the busbars is usually carried out by means of a material connection, for example by means of soldering or welding. Page 3 A "material bond" or a "material bond" between at least two interconnected parts is understood here and below in particular to mean that the interconnected parts are held together at their contact surfaces by material union or cross-linking (for example due to atomic or molecular bonding forces), possibly with the effect of an additive. For example, brazing is conventionally used, which is relatively insensitive to positional tolerances or wire misalignment of the coil ends, since an electrode presses a coil end to be soldered against a contact or welding lug of the busbar, thereby creating a brazed connection. The disadvantage of brazing is that additional soldering materials, such as Silfos, are cost-intensive and require an additional process in the manufacture of the stator. Other joining techniques, such as laser welding, are comparatively sensitive to positional and positioning tolerances. Such connection methods therefore require a relatively high degree of positioning accuracy when positioning the coil end on the busbar. In particular, a direct (point) contact of the insulated coil end on the busbar is necessary. Furthermore, no plastic components may be arranged in the area of the contact point during laser welding, as these could melt, thereby limiting positioning freedom on the contact device. The invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable contact device for a stator. In particular, simple and reliable contacting of the coil ends is to be achieved. The invention is also based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable stator and a particularly suitable method as well as a particularly suitable electric motor. Page 4 The contact device according to the invention is intended for a stator of an electric motor and is suitable and designed for this purpose. The contact device has a connection ring that is placed or can be placed on the front of a stator package, by means of which the coil or winding ends of a wound stator package are connected to form a multi-phase stator winding. For this purpose, the connection ring has a number of busbars for connecting coil ends of the stator winding to a number of phase connections. The phase connections form the interface to a motor electronics or a motor control unit, via which a three-phase current is fed in during motor operation. The busbars, which are designed in particular as stamped and bent parts, are embedded or integrated in the connection ring, for example. The busbars are preferably molded as an insert with the connection ring designed as an injection-molded part, with the busbars being exposed at least in sections in the contact area with the coil ends. The contact areas of the busbars with the coil ends are each designed as an axially directed contact lug, according to the invention each having a crimp contour for non-adhesive electrical (crimp) contact with the respective associated coil end. The coil ends are therefore not welded or soldered to the contact lugs in a material-locking manner, but are crimped in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner without a material-locking connection. This creates a particularly suitable contact device. The crimp contact enables cost- and energy-efficient connection and contacting of the coil ends or the stator winding to the phases and with the phase connections. This also eliminates the need for cost-intensive additional and soldering materials for the connection and contacting process. The term “axial” or an “axial direction” is understood here and in the following to mean a direction parallel (coaxial) to the axis of rotation of the electric motor, i.e. perpendicular to the front sides of the stator. Accordingly, here and in the Page 5 In the following, “radial” or a “radial direction” is understood to mean in particular a direction oriented perpendicular (transversely) to the axis of rotation of the electric motor along a radius of the stator or the electric motor. “Tangential” or a “tangential direction” is understood here and in the following to mean in particular a direction along the circumference of the stator or the electric motor (circumferential direction, azimuthal direction), i.e. a direction perpendicular to the axial direction and the radial direction. The conjunction “and/or” is to be understood here and in the following in such a way that the features linked by means of this conjunction can be designed both together and as alternatives to one another. A “positive connection” or a “positive connection” between at least two interconnected parts is understood here and in the following in particular to mean that the interconnected parts are held together at least in one direction by a direct interlocking of contours of the parts themselves or by an indirect interlocking via an additional connecting part. The "blocking" of a mutual movement in this direction is therefore due to the shape. A "force connection" or a "force-locking connection" between at least two interconnected parts is understood here and below in particular to mean that the interconnected parts are prevented from sliding off one another due to a frictional force acting between them. If there is no "connecting force" causing this frictional force (this means the force that presses the parts against one another, for example a screw force or the weight itself), the force-locking connection cannot be maintained and can therefore be released. In an advantageous embodiment, the contact lug has an axial crimp slot, which divides the contact lug into two crimp legs in sections. The crimp slot serves as a contact or clamping slot for the coil end to be contacted, which is used for the crimp contact with the Page 6 Crimp leg is crimped. This allows for a structurally simple crimp contact using the contact lug. In a suitable development, the crimp slot opens into a wire holder, which has a wider diameter than the crimp slot. The wire holder is adapted to the outer circumference of the coil end to be contacted. With a coil end designed as a round wire, the wire holder is designed as a circular through-opening of the contact lug. The coil end is pressed axially along the crimp slot into the wire holder, whereby due to the reduced diameter of the crimp slot, an axially positive holder for the coil end is realized within the wire holder. The stator according to the invention is intended for an electric motor and is suitable and designed for this purpose. The stator has a stator package, designed for example as a punched laminated core, with a number of radial stator teeth, each of which is wound or equipped with a coil. The coils each have two axially oriented coil ends. A contact device described above for contacting and connecting the coils or coil ends to a multi-phase rotating field or stator winding is placed axially on the front side of the stator package. The contact device or its connection ring has a number of axial through-openings corresponding to the number of coil ends, through which the coil ends to be connected are guided to a respective contact lug. According to the invention, the coil ends are crimped or crimp-contacted using the crimp contours of the contact lugs. This creates a particularly suitable stator which can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively. In a preferred embodiment, the or each coil end to be contacted is bent radially for the crimp contact. The Page 7 The coil end is pivoted during bending in such a way that the coil end is pressed into the wire receptacle through the axial crimp slot. The coil end is suitably inserted axially in the wire receptacle of the contact lug with a positive fit. In a practical embodiment, it is provided that two crimp legs of the contact lug are pressed radially and/or tangentially onto the coil end for the crimp contact. The information radial and/or tangential refers in particular to a longitudinal direction of the approximately cylindrical coil end. In other words, the crimp legs are pressed from the outside onto the outer circumference of the coil end. This ensures reliable and operationally safe contacting of the coil end. The method according to the invention is intended for producing a stator as described above and is suitable and designed for this purpose. A stator package, a number of coils or coil wires and a contact device as described above are provided here. According to the method, a number of radial stator teeth of the stator package are fitted or wound with coils, the coil ends of the coils being aligned in an axially oriented manner. The contact device is then placed on the front of the stator package in such a way that at least one coil end is guided through a through-opening of the connection ring to a contact lug, and the coil end is crimp-contacted to the contact lug. This creates a particularly suitable method for producing a stator. The coil ends of the stator to be contacted are axially oriented, the connection ring having axial through-openings for the coil ends, which are arranged adjacent to the contact lugs. When placed on, the coil ends are thus oriented essentially parallel to the contact lugs. The coil ends are preferably bent approximately radially and pressed axially in a form-fitting manner into a wire holder through a crimping slot in the contact lug, two crimping legs of the contact lug being crimped from the outside to the Page 8 the respective coil end is pressed (on). This enables reliable and structurally simple contacting of the coil ends. The electric motor according to the invention is intended for a motor vehicle and is suitable and designed for this purpose. The electric motor has a stator as described above. An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing: Fig. 1 shows a schematic and simplified representation of an electric motor of a motor vehicle, Fig. 2 shows a contact device of a stator in perspective, Fig. 3 shows the stator and the contact device in perspective exploded view, Fig. 4 shows a contact lug of the contact device in perspective, Fig. 5 shows the contact lug with a contacted coil end in perspective, and Fig. 6 shows a crimp contact of the coil end in perspective. Parts and sizes that correspond to one another are always provided with the same reference numerals in all figures. Fig. 1 shows a schematic and highly simplified representation of an electric motor 2 of a motor vehicle. The electric motor 2 has a stator 4 with a multi-phase rotating field or stator winding 6, which is connected to a motor electronics 12 for energization by means of phase connections (phase contacts) 8 of a contact device 10 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). When energized, the rotating field winding 6 generates a magnetic rotating field, which drives a rotor of the electric motor 2 (not shown in detail). In the illustrated embodiment, the stator winding 6 is designed in particular as three-phase with three (motor) phases U, V, W. Each phase U, V, W is Page 9 is formed from a phase winding which is essentially formed by connecting at least one coil of the stator winding. In this exemplary embodiment, phases U, V and W are connected to one another in a delta connection. Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the contact device (switching unit) 10 for the stator 4. Fig. 3 shows the stator 4 and the contact device 10 in a partially disassembled state. As can be seen in particular in Fig. 3, the contact device 10 is placed on the front side of the stator 4 or on a stator package 14 in the assembled state. The stator package 14 of the stator 4 comprises, for example, twelve inwardly directed stator teeth onto which the stator or rotating field winding 6 of the electric motor 2 is applied. The coil windings are wound in particular as (individual) coils 16, for example on insulating winding supports or coil supports 18, and are placed with these on the stator teeth of the stator package. Each of the frame-like winding supports carries a coil 16 as part of the stator winding 6. The coils 16 each have two approximately axially directed coil ends 20. The coils 16, coil supports 18, and coil ends 20 are provided with reference numerals in the figures merely as examples. The coil ends 20 of the (individual) coils 16 are connected to the stator winding 6, which is 3-phase in this embodiment, by means of the contact device 10 placed on the front of the stator 4. In electromotive operation, the energized windings of the stator winding 6 generate a stator-side magnetic field, which interacts with permanent magnets of a rotor of the brushless electric motor 2 rotating around the central stator or motor axis. The contact device 10 has a circular ring-shaped connection ring 22. The coil ends 20 of the coils 16 are guided through axial through-openings 24 and are provided on the top of the connection ring 22 with contact lugs 26. Page 10 for interconnection. The through-openings 24 and contact lugs 26 are provided with reference numerals in the figures merely as examples. The contact device 10 has a number of busbars or conductor tracks 28 as connecting conductors for interconnecting the coil ends 20 or the contact lugs 26 with the phase connections 8. The approximately axially directed contact lugs 26 are integrally formed on the busbars 28 as contact points for contacting or electrically conductive connection with the respectively assigned coil end 20, i.e. in one piece or monolithically. In particular, the contact lugs 26 are designed as angled rail ends of the busbars 28. The busbars 28 are preferably embedded in the interconnection ring 22 or overmolded with it, with essentially only the contact lugs 26 protruding. The contact lugs 26 are designed in particular as crimp lugs for a material-free crimp connection with the stripped coil ends 20. The busbars 28 and contact lugs 26 are designed, for example, as common stamped and bent parts made of a copper material. Figures 4 to 6 show sections of a contact lug 26 and a through-opening 24. As can be seen in Figure 4, for example, the contact lug 26 has a crimp contour 29 with an axial crimp slot 30, which divides the contact lug 26 into two crimp legs 32 in a fork-like manner. The crimp slot 30 is widened towards the free ends of the crimp legs 32, so that an insertion bevel 34 is formed to facilitate the insertion of the coil end 20. Opposite the insertion bevel 34, a circular through-opening is made in the contact lug 26 as a wire receptacle 36. The wire receptacle 36 has a wider diameter than the crimp slot 32. The diameter of the wire receptacle 36 preferably corresponds to the diameter of the (stripped) coil end 20. Page 11 As shown in Figures 5 and 6, for example, the axial coil end 20 is bent approximately radially and pressed axially through the crimp slot 32 into the wire receptacle 36 via the insertion bevel 34. The coil end 20 is then seated axially in the wire receptacle 36 in a form-fitting manner (Fig. 5). The crimp legs 32 are then pressed from the outside against the outer circumference of the coil end 20 seated in the wire receptacle 36 using a pressing tool 38 and are thus crimped or crimp-contacted using the crimp contour 29. The claimed invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Rather, other variants of the invention can also be derived from this by the person skilled in the art within the scope of the disclosed claims without departing from the subject matter of the claimed invention. In particular, all individual features described in connection with the various embodiments can also be combined in other ways within the scope of the disclosed claims without departing from the subject matter of the claimed invention.

Seite 12 Bezugszeichenliste 2 Elektromotor 4 Stator 6 Stator-/Drehfeldwicklung 8 Phasenanschluss 10 Kontaktvorrichtung 12 Motorelektronik 14 Statorpaket 16 Spule 18 Spulenträger 20 Spulenende 22 Verschaltungsring 24 Durchführöffnung 26 Kontaktfahne 28 Stromschiene 29 Crimpkontur 30 Crimpschlitz 32 Crimpschenkel 34 Einführfase 36 Durchführöffnung 38 Presswerkzeug Page 12 List of reference symbols 2 Electric motor 4 Stator 6 Stator/rotating field winding 8 Phase connection 10 Contact device 12 Motor electronics 14 Stator package 16 Coil 18 Coil carrier 20 Coil end 22 Connection ring 24 Through opening 26 Contact lug 28 Busbar 29 Crimp contour 30 Crimp slot 32 Crimp leg 34 Lead-in chamfer 36 Through opening 38 Press tool

Claims

Seite 13 Ansprüche 1. Kontaktvorrichtung (10) für einen Stator (4) eines Elektromotors (2), aufwei- send - einen stirnseitig auf ein Statorpaket (14) aufgesetzten oder aufsetzbaren Verschaltungsring (22), und - eine Anzahl von Stromschienen (28) zur Verschaltung von Spulenenden (20) einer Statorwicklung (6) mit einer Anzahl von Phasenanschlüssen (8), - wobei zumindest eine Stromschiene (28) eine axial gerichtete Kontakt- fahne (26) aufweist, und - wobei die Kontaktfahne (26) eine Crimpkontur (29) zur Kontaktierung mit einem jeweils zugeordneten Spulenende (20) aufweist. 2. Kontaktvorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktfahne (26) einen axialen Crimpschlitz (30) aufweist, welcher die Kontaktfahne (26) abschnittsweise in zwei Crimpschenkel (32) teilt. 3. Kontaktvorrichtung (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Crimpschlitz (32) in eine Drahtaufnahme (36) mündet, welche einen gegenüber dem Crimpschlitz (32) verbreiterten Durchmesser aufweist. 4. Stator (4) für einen Elektromotor (2), aufweisend ein Statorpaket (14) mit ei- ner Anzahl von radialen Statorzähnen, welche jeweils mit einer Spule (16) bestückt sind, und eine Kontaktvorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 zur Verschaltung der Spulen (16) zu einer Statorwicklung (6), - wobei die Spulen (16) zwei axial orientierte Spulenenden (20) aufweisen, - wobei zumindest ein Spulenende (20) durch eine Durchführöffnung (24) des Verschaltungsrings (22) zu einer Kontaktfahne (26) geführt ist, und - wobei das Spulenende (20) mittels einer Crimpkontur (29) der Kontakt- fahne (26) crimpkontaktiert ist. Seite 14 5. Stator (4) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spulenende (20) für die Crimpkontaktierung radial umgebogen ist. 6. Stator (4) nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spulenende (20) in eine Drahtaufnahme (34) der Kontaktfahne (26) axial formschlüssig eingesetzt ist. 7. Stator (4) nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Crimpkontaktierung zwei Crimpschenkel (32) der Kontaktfahne (26) an das Spulenende (20) gepresst sind. 8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stators (4) nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, - wobei eine Anzahl von radialen Statorzähnen eines Statorpakets (14) mit Spulen (16) bestückt werden, deren Spulenenden (20) axial orientiert sind, - wobei eine Kontaktvorrichtung (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 auf das Statorpaket (14) derart aufgesetzt wird, dass zumindest ein Spulen- ende (20) durch eine Durchführöffnung (24) des Verschaltungsrings (22) zu einer Kontaktfahne (26) geführt ist, und - wobei das Spulenende (20) mit der Kontaktfahne (26) crimpkontaktiert wird. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, - dass das Spulenende (20) radial umgebogen und durch einen Crimp- schlitz (30) der Kontaktfahne (26) axial formschlüssig in eine Drahtauf- nahme (36) gepresst wird, und - dass zwei Crimpschenkel (32) der Kontaktfahne (26) an das Spulenende (20) gepresst werden. Seite 15 10. Elektromotor (2) für ein Kraftfahrzeug, aufweisend einen Stator (4) nach ei- nem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7. Page 13 Claims 1. Contact device (10) for a stator (4) of an electric motor (2), having - an interconnection ring (22) placed or attachable to the front of a stator package (14), and - a number of busbars (28) for interconnecting coil ends (20) of a stator winding (6) with a number of phase connections (8), - wherein at least one busbar (28) has an axially directed contact lug (26), and - wherein the contact lug (26) has a crimp contour (29) for contacting a respectively assigned coil end (20). 2. Contact device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact lug (26) has an axial crimp slot (30) which divides the contact lug (26) in sections into two crimp legs (32). 3. Contact device (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the crimp slot (32) opens into a wire receptacle (36) which has a wider diameter than the crimp slot (32). 4. Stator (4) for an electric motor (2), comprising a stator package (14) with a number of radial stator teeth, each of which is equipped with a coil (16), and a contact device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3 for connecting the coils (16) to form a stator winding (6), - wherein the coils (16) have two axially oriented coil ends (20), - wherein at least one coil end (20) is guided through a through-opening (24) of the connection ring (22) to a contact lug (26), and - wherein the coil end (20) is crimp-contacted by means of a crimp contour (29) of the contact lug (26). Page 14 5. Stator (4) according to claim 4, characterized in that the coil end (20) is bent radially for the crimp contact. 6. Stator (4) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the coil end (20) is inserted axially in a wire receptacle (34) of the contact lug (26) in a form-fitting manner. 7. Stator (4) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that two crimp legs (32) of the contact lug (26) are pressed onto the coil end (20) for the crimp contact. 8. Method for producing a stator (4) according to one of claims 4 to 7, - wherein a number of radial stator teeth of a stator packet (14) are equipped with coils (16) whose coil ends (20) are axially oriented, - wherein a contact device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3 is placed on the stator packet (14) in such a way that at least one coil end (20) is guided through a through-opening (24) of the interconnection ring (22) to a contact lug (26), and - wherein the coil end (20) is crimp-contacted to the contact lug (26). 9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that - the coil end (20) is bent radially and pressed axially in a form-fitting manner into a wire receptacle (36) through a crimping slot (30) of the contact lug (26), and - that two crimping legs (32) of the contact lug (26) are pressed onto the coil end (20). Page 15 10. Electric motor (2) for a motor vehicle, comprising a stator (4) according to one of claims 4 to 7.
PCT/EP2024/066379 2023-06-13 2024-06-13 Contact device for a stator of an electric motor Ceased WO2024256547A1 (en)

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JP2623438B2 (en) * 1993-10-12 1997-06-25 株式会社ミツバ Connection structure between coil wire and lead wire
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DE102008054529A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric motor, in particular actuating or drive motor in motor vehicles
US20170331342A1 (en) * 2015-02-03 2017-11-16 Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Wuerzburg Electric motor and switching unit therefor
DE102016206657A1 (en) * 2016-04-20 2017-10-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Interconnecting ring and method for interconnecting winding wires of a stator
DE102020212198A1 (en) * 2020-09-28 2022-03-31 Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Würzburg Contact device of a stator

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