WO2024256573A1 - Environmentally friendly packaging material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising: a carrier substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; at least one first coating colour layer arranged on the first side and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one first coating colour layer has at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymer binder, or wherein the at least one first coating colour layer has at least one polymer binder and no inorganic pigment; at least one second coating colour layer which is applied directly to the at least one first coating colour layer, wherein the at least one second coating colour layer has at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymer binder, or wherein the at least one second coating colour layer has at least one polymer binder and no inorganic pigment; at least one third coating colour layer which is applied indirectly or directly to the at least one second coating colour layer, wherein the at least one third coating colour layer is a barrier layer and/or a sealable layer.

Description

UNENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PACKAGING MATERIAL

TECHNICAL FIELD

According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising a carrier substrate which has a first side and a second side facing away from the first side, at least one first coating layer which is arranged on the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate, at least one second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one first coating layer, and at least one third coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one second coating layer, wherein the third coating layer is a barrier layer and/or a sealable layer.

According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing an environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to a third aspect, the present invention relates to an environmentally friendly packaging material producible by a method according to the second aspect.

According to a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a use of an environmentally friendly packaging material according to the first and/or third aspect as packaging, in particular for consumer goods, food, electronic articles and/or tobacco products.

According to a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a third coating color for the indirect or direct coating of a second coating color layer which is applied to a first coating color layer, wherein the first coating color layer is applied to a carrier substrate. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

A packaging material or packaging paper generally refers to a paper cover, in particular a partial or complete cover, of an object, in particular for its protection or for better handling. Consequently, a packaging material or packaging paper includes the paper material that forms such a packaging.

Conventional packaging material is used primarily as packaging for consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products.

A packaging material for packaging consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products protects the packaged goods from external influences such as moisture or dirt, on the one hand, and prevents components of the packaged goods from escaping to the outside, on the other. To achieve this, packaging materials for packaging consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products must meet various criteria. Suitable packaging materials should, among other things, meet mechanical and process-specific requirements and have effective barrier properties against, for example, water, fat, mineral oils, flavorings and/or oxygen.

A packaging material for packaging consumer goods, food, electronics and/or tobacco products should also have sufficient tear resistance, a friction coefficient adapted to further processing, e.g. in a printing and packaging machine, and sufficient flexibility to be able to package the goods to be packaged effectively. Depending on the application, a packaging material can be a simple wrapping paper or, if it is partially or fully coated with a heat and cold sealable coating, can be used to make bags, be printable from the outside and not lose its protective effect during the entire conversion and packaging process.

In addition, it is crucial for packaging materials used to package consumer goods, food, electronics and/or tobacco products, especially for packaging materials used to package fatty consumer goods, food, electronics and/or tobacco products, that fluorine-free chemicals are used in order to fluorine contamination of the packaged goods and/or to avoid the release of fluorine-containing chemicals into the environment.

WO 2022/003472 A1 discloses a barrier coating for paper and cardboard which comprises a polysaccharide and a polycationic polymer.

WO 2022/269198 A1 discloses a multilayer packaging material which has barrier properties, is biodegradable and recyclable.

JP 2003-013391 A discloses packaging material having a biodegradable resin coating.

US 3,932,192 discloses the use of pullulan in a paper coating.

WO 2008/068779 A2 discloses a packaging material with a water-soluble film.

Conventional packaging materials, if they optionally consist of plastic, especially fossil raw materials, are often not or only partially recyclable, and are also often not or only partially biodegradable.

Since conventional packaging consists largely of plastics, which only decompose in nature over a very long period of time, conventional packaging contributes significantly to global plastic waste pollution.

There is therefore a need to replace conventional plastic-based packaging with environmentally friendly packaging, which is based, for example, on natural raw materials.

In addition, the packaging must provide a high level of safety with regard to the goods to be packaged. A decisive criterion in assessing the safety of packaging material is that components, in particular water-soluble components of corresponding conventional packaging materials do not migrate, or only to an extremely small extent, from the packaging materials into the respective packaged consumer goods and/or foodstuffs, or into the respective packaged tobacco products, and contaminate them, so that when a user uses consumer goods, foodstuffs, electronic items and/or tobacco products packaged in packaging materials, possible health risks to the user can be excluded or minimized.

Conventional packaging materials, even if they are made from natural raw materials, often have only a limited barrier effect against oxygen, water vapor, mineral oils, flavorings and/or fat, so that in many cases they are not suitable or only suitable to a limited extent as packaging for consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products.

Another problem with conventionally used coating colors for producing coating layers of packaging materials, even if they contain natural raw materials, is that they are often not suitable for the industrial production of packaging materials on a large scale. Corresponding industrial coating machines for applying coating color to a carrier substrate often have production speeds of more than 1000 meters of material per minute. However, for a correspondingly successful large-scale industrial production of packaging material, it is necessary that the viscosity of the coating color applied by industrial coating machines lies within a narrowly limited viscosity range. Conventionally used coating colors, even if they consist of natural raw materials, often have very high viscosities, which are therefore not suitable for the large-scale industrial production of packaging material.

In addition, when conventionally used coating colours for the production of coating colour layers on packaging materials, it must be ensured that the corresponding coating colours, especially when they consist of natural raw materials, do not have too low a solids concentration, as they can then no longer be used economically. This is due to the increased need for drying energy in order to effectively dry correspondingly low-concentration coating colours, and to the fact that the low layer application results in correspondingly low-concentration coating colours. concentrated coating colors, a large number of repetitions of the coating process are necessary during the drying process, which limits the economic applicability of correspondingly low-concentration coating colors.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

definitions

The term "coating color" used in the context of the present invention refers, in accordance with the general understanding in the field of paper technology, to coating materials containing or consisting of binders, additives and/or pigments which are applied or "coated" onto a substrate surface, in particular a paper surface, using special coating devices for surface finishing or modification of a carrier substrate or carrier paper. Papers produced in this way are referred to as "coated papers".

In the context of the present invention, a "coated paper" is understood to mean a carrier substrate which comprises one or more layers applied by coating, i.e. coating color layers. Possible layers of such a coated carrier substrate are functional layers and structure-forming layers, such as leveling layers for smoothing the surface.

According to the invention, the term "coating color" is used as a generic term for all spreadable coating materials, preparations and/or solutions in the paper industry for treating, modifying or refining a paper surface. The term "coating color layer" refers to the coating color applied to the carrier substrate and dried and filmed.

A "paper" according to the present invention is a sheet material that consists essentially of fibers of plant origin and is formed by dewatering a fiber suspension on a sieve. The resulting fiber fleece is compacted and dried. Within the scope of the present invention, the papers produced in the same way The flat materials "cardboard" and "paperboard" are also subsumed under paper. A distinction is made between paper, cardboard and paperboard only on the basis of the basis weight, with cardboard having a basis weight of more than 600 g/m ² , cardboard having a basis weight of more than 150 g/m ² and less than or equal to 600 g/m ² and paper having a basis weight of less than or equal to 150 g/m ² .

The molar mass M of a compound describes the ratio of the mass m of the compound to the amount of substance n of the compound according to the formula M = m / n, where the unit is defined as g/mol.

The molar mass of a polymer is usually not constant, but is described by a molar mass distribution. Various average values for the molar mass distribution can be defined in order to statistically describe the molar mass of a polymer, including the viscosity average, the mass average, and the number average of the molar mass. The molar mass Mj of the polymer with a number i of monomers is weighted by the relative number proportion that this polymer has. The number average M _n of the molar mass describes the average of the molar masses of all polymers in a sample according to the formula shown below. Ni corresponds to the number of monomers in the sample with exactly i repeating units:

task

The object of the present invention is to provide a packaging material which is environmentally friendly, i.e. to provide a packaging material which is biodegradable and/or which is advantageously recyclable. In addition, the present invention aims at a corresponding environmentally friendly packaging material having a reduced migration of components of the packaging material into goods packaged by the packaging material, such as consumer goods, food, electronic articles and/or tobacco products.

At the same time, the packaging material of the present invention is intended to prevent or at least slow down the migration of components, in particular fats and oils, of the packaged goods, such as consumer goods, foodstuffs, electronic articles and/or tobacco products, to the outside.

In addition, the present invention aims at ensuring that a corresponding environmentally friendly packaging material has a high kink resistance and/or sealability in order to ensure a high degree of freedom in the design of the packaging made from the packaging material.

The present invention further aims to enable a corresponding environmentally friendly packaging material to be produced economically on a large industrial scale, so that this environmentally friendly packaging material can be produced, for example, by industrial coating machines with production speeds of more than 1000 meters per minute.

In addition, the present invention further aims to ensure that corresponding coating colors, which are used to produce the corresponding coating color layers of the environmentally friendly packaging material, have sufficiently high solids concentrations so that these coating colors can be dried with low drying energy during the production of the corresponding coating color layers and multiple layer applications are not necessary in order to apply a sufficiently thick coating color layer.

Environmentally friendly packaging material

The above-mentioned object is achieved according to the first aspect by an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising a carrier substrate, which has a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; at least one first coating layer which is arranged on the first side and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; at least one second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one first coating layer, wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; at least one third coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one second coating layer, wherein the at least one third coating layer is a barrier layer and/or a sealable layer.

The at least one third coating layer of the environmentally friendly packaging material, which is designed as a barrier layer, prevents the migration of oxygen, water vapor, fat, mineral oils and/or flavorings through the packaging material, so that the packaging material is suitable for packaging a large number of different goods, and so that substances from outside cannot penetrate through the at least one third coating layer to the packaged goods.

The at least one third coating layer of the environmentally friendly packaging material, which is designed as a sealable layer, ensures that the environmentally friendly packaging material can be used to produce bags.

The polymeric binder or inorganic pigment used for the first coating layer and for the second coating layer consists of natural raw materials, so that the packaging material according to the present invention is advantageously environmentally friendly. The environmentally friendly packaging material according to the present invention is particularly advantageously bio- biodegradable and/or recyclable, so that the environmentally friendly packaging material according to the present invention contributes significantly to reducing global plastic waste pollution.

In addition, the combination of the at least one first coating color layer, the at least one second coating color layer and the at least one third coating color layer, which are applied to the carrier substrate in the order mentioned, ensures an effective barrier effect of the environmentally friendly packaging material in that migration of components of the packaging material into goods packaged by the packaging material, such as consumer goods, food, electronic items and/or tobacco products, is effectively reduced, so that the risk of a health hazard to users of the packaging material due to correspondingly contaminated goods can be advantageously reduced.

In particular, the packaging material according to the present invention prevents migration of oxygen, water vapor, fat, mineral oils and/or flavorings through the packaging material, so that the packaging material is suitable for packaging a variety of different goods.

The use of a total of at least three coating layers on the carrier substrate according to the present invention significantly increases the barrier effect compared to known packaging materials with two coating layers or with only one coating layer on the carrier substrate.

Thus, the environmentally friendly packaging material according to the present invention serves as at least an equivalent replacement for conventional plastic-based packaging materials, such as unprinted, printed or coated plastic.

At least one first, or at least one second, or at least one third coating layer requires an effective application of the respective minimum at least one first, or at least one second, or at least one third coating color onto the carrier substrate. In particular, the at least one first and/or the at least one second and/or the at least one third coating color layer is a first and/or second and/or third coating color layer applied by means of an aqueous dispersion or an aqueous solution.

In this case, the at least one first coating layer applied directly to the carrier substrate in particular ensures that the second coating layer subsequently applied directly to the first coating layer ensures an advantageously homogeneous coating, or the second coating layer directly applied directly to the first coating layer ensures that the third coating layer subsequently applied directly or indirectly ensures an advantageously homogeneous coating.

In addition, by applying the at least one first coating layer to the carrier substrate, or by applying the at least one second coating layer to the first coating layer, the application weight of the at least one third coating layer can be advantageously reduced without adverse properties of the packaging material being observed.

In particular, the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one front-side first coating color layer which is arranged on the first side of the carrier substrate, or the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one rear-side first coating color layer which is arranged on the second side of the carrier substrate, or the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one front-side first coating color layer which is arranged on the first side of the carrier substrate and at least one rear-side first coating color layer which is arranged on the second side of the carrier substrate.

In particular, the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one front-side second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one front-side first coating layer, or comprises the at least at least one second coating layer comprises at least one rear second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one rear first coating layer, or the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one front second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one front first coating layer, and at least one rear second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one rear first coating layer.

In particular, the at least one third coating layer comprises at least one front-side third coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one front-side second coating layer, or the at least one third coating layer comprises at least one rear-side third coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one rear-side second coating layer, or the at least one third coating layer comprises at least one front-side third coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one front-side second coating layer, and at least one rear-side third coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one rear-side second coating layer.

Thus, depending on the arrangement of the first, second and third coating layers on a single side or on both sides of the carrier substrate, either at least three layers or at least six layers can be present in the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material satisfies at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, even more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least six, even more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least eight of the following defined conditions: a) a roughness of the environmentally friendly packaging material of 1 to 10 .m, preferably 1 to 8 .m, more preferably 2 to 6 .m and most preferably 3 to 5 .m; b) an oxygen permeability at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and an air humidity of 0% according to the standard DIN ISO 15105-2 of less than 10 cm ³ per m ² per day, preferably less than 8 cm ³ per m ² per day, and more preferably less than 5 cm ³ per m ² per day, and most preferably less than 1 cm ³ per m ² per day; c) a water vapor permeability (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) according to the standard ISO 15106-2 of less than 30 g/m ² , preferably 25 g/m ² ; d) a resistance to external creasing of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a load of 330 g/cm and/or a resistance to internal creasing of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a load of 330 g/cm; e) a grease resistance according to the DIN 53116 standard; f) an aroma resistance according to a hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) of less than 10 g per m ² per day; g) a KIT value determined according to the Tappi T 559 standard of more than 6, preferably more than 8, more preferably more than 10, and most preferably 12 or more; h) a sealability according to the DIN 55529 (2012) standard;

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a roughness of 1 to 10 .m, preferably from 1 to 8 .m, more preferably from 2 to 6 .m and most preferably from 3 to 5 .m. This achieves the technical advantage that the average roughness depth of the base paper is reduced by an appropriate pre-coat and an advantageous "holdout" is achieved, which is characterized by a comprehensive application and a defined surface energy, so that a coated barrier layer can form optimally. In addition, the pre-coat provides the layer adhesion between the base paper and the barrier layer, which can be important for later sealing applications.

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material has an oxygen permeability at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and a humidity of 0% according to the standard DIN ISO 15105-2 of less than 10 cm ³ per m ² per day, preferably less than 8 cm ³ per m ² per day, and more preferably less than 5 cm ³ per m ² per day, and most preferably less than 1 cm ³ per m ² per day.

This achieves the technical advantage that, due to the advantageous oxygen barrier properties, perishable goods such as food can be stored for a longer period of time using the environmentally friendly packaging material.

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a water vapor transmission rate of less than 30 g/m ² , preferably less than 25 g/m ² . In particular, the water vapor transmission rate is determined according to the ISO 15106-2 standard.

This achieves the technical advantage that the environmentally friendly packaging material has a beneficial barrier effect against water.

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a bending resistance of an external bend of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a load of 330 g/cm, and/or the environmentally friendly packaging material has a bending resistance of an internal bend of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a load of 330 g/cm. This achieves the technical advantage that a corresponding resistance to creasing enables the packaging material to be used in wrapping packaging. In particular, the resistance to creasing of the outer crease and/or the inner crease after folding is determined by visual analysis and evaluation of the crease under a scanning electron microscope, if necessary with a subsequent grease test in accordance with the DIN 53116 standard.

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material is grease-proof in accordance with the DIN 53116 standard.

This provides the technical advantage that the environmentally friendly packaging material is ideal for packaging fatty foods. The grease-tightness test carried out in accordance with DIN 53116 is also known as the palm kernel oil fat test (PKÖFT).

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material has an aroma resistance according to a hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) of less than 10 g per m ² per day.

This provides the technical advantage that effective aroma resistance of the environmentally friendly packaging material can be achieved.

In particular, the hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) is carried out gravimetrically, using cups in accordance with the DIN 53122-1 standard, which are filled with n-hexane and the sample is clamped in the cup with the coated side facing the n-hexane. The hexane loss is determined by weighing the cup several times over a period of 24 hours over a defined area.

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a KIT value according to the Tappi T 559 standard of more than 6, preferably more than 8, more preferably more than 10, and most preferably 12 or more. The KIT value determined according to the Tappi T 559 standard of more than 6, preferably more than 8, more preferably more than 10, and most preferably 12 or more characterizes particularly advantageous barrier properties of the environmentally friendly packaging material and thus ensures, especially in the case of packaged fatty foods, that no fatty components of the food penetrate through the packaging material.

This makes the packaging material particularly suitable for packaging food, especially fatty foods, and complies with existing legal standards regarding food packaging in Europe and/or in individual European countries.

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a sealability according to the standard DIN 55529 (2012).

In particular, the coated paper was sealed at 3.3 bar for 0.3 seconds in the temperature range from 100 °C to 200 °C across the paper grain and the seal seam strength was measured.

This provides the technical advantage that the packaging material is not only suitable as wrapping paper or wrapper, but can also be used to produce closed packaging (e.g. bags).

In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a heat-sealable or a cold-sealable packaging material. A heat-sealable packaging material is understood here in particular to mean the connection of two layers of the packaging material by means of local heat and/or pressure. A cold-sealable packaging material here in particular comprises the application of a cold-seal adhesive by means of a printing process to the section of the packaging material to be sealed. In particular, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a packaging material that can be sealed by ultrasound. According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a biodegradable environmentally friendly packaging material.

This provides the technical advantage that the packaging material can be removed from the ever-growing amount of packaging waste, since the corresponding biodegradable packaging material can be biologically broken down by organisms over a longer period of time after disposal and is thus decomposed.

In particular, rapid biodegradability of packaging materials under aerobic conditions is demonstrated by tests in the OECD test series 301 (A-F). In the context of the present invention, “biodegradable” refers to packaging materials that have a biodegradability of at least 40% measured according to OECD 301 F or of at least 20% measured according to OECD 302 C (M ITI-I I test) and thus have inherent or fundamental degradability. This corresponds to the limit value for OECD 302 C according to “Revised Introduction to the OECD Guidelines for testing of Chemicals, section 3, Part 1, dated 23 March 2006”. From a limit value of at least 60% measured according to OECD 301 F, packaging materials are also referred to as rapidly biodegradable.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a recyclable environmentally friendly packaging material, wherein the recyclable environmentally friendly packaging material in particular complies with the standard PTS-RH 021:2012- Category II and/or the standard Aticelca UNI 11743:2019 (certification body Aticelca) and/or the standard 501:2019 (Aticelca).

When recycling packaging materials, the removal of printing ink from the packaging material is also relevant. The evaluation of recyclability can be carried out, for example, using the INGEDE method 11, whereby the packaging material according to the invention preferably achieves a value of over 50 using the INGEDE method 11, most preferably over 70. This achieves the technical advantage that a suitably recyclable, environmentally friendly packaging material can be advantageously reused after use, thereby improving the sustainability of the packaging material. In particular, the recyclable packaging material can be integrated into a packaging cycle.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating color layer comprises a single first coating color layer which is arranged on the first or second side of the carrier substrate.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of only a single first coating layer reduces the manufacturing effort of the packaging material.

According to an alternative embodiment, the at least one first coating layer comprises a first coating layer which is arranged on the first side or second side of the carrier substrate, and the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one further first coating layer which is applied to the first coating layer, wherein the first coating layer and the at least one further first coating layer comprise at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the first coating layer and the at least one further first coating layer comprise at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of several first coating layers between the carrier substrate and the at least one second coating layer increases the barrier effect of the packaging material depending on the application and, if appropriate, leads to the application weight of the second or third coating layer applied to the plurality of first coating layers being able to be reduced. According to one embodiment, the at least one second coating color layer comprises a single second coating color layer which is applied directly to the at least one first coating color layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of only a single second coating layer reduces the manufacturing effort of the packaging material.

According to an alternative embodiment, the at least one second coating layer comprises a second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one first coating layer, and the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one further second coating layer which is applied to the second coating layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of several second coating layers increases the barrier effect of the packaging material, depending on the application, and may lead to the application weight of the applied first or third coating layer being able to be reduced.

According to one embodiment, the at least one third coating color layer comprises a single third coating color layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one second coating color layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of only a single third coating layer reduces the manufacturing effort of the packaging material.

According to an alternative embodiment, the at least one third coating layer comprises a third coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one second coating layer, and the at least one third coating layer comprises at least one further third coating layer which is applied to the third coating layer. This achieves the technical advantage that the use of several third coating layers increases the barrier effect of the packaging material, depending on the application, and may lead to the application weight of the applied first or second coating layer being able to be reduced.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate comprises cellulose, wherein the carrier substrate in particular comprises cellulose fibers.

This achieves the technical advantage that, on the one hand, the pulp or cellulose fibers consist of natural and environmentally friendly materials, and, on the other hand, the pulp or cellulose fibers ensure sufficient structural stability of the environmentally friendly packaging material so that it can be used effectively as packaging.

In particular, pulp, especially cellulose fibres, is the exclusive component of the carrier substrate of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the at least one pulp, in particular the cellulose fibers, comprises a weight proportion of at least 70 wt.%, preferably at least 75 wt.%, more preferably at least 80 wt.% and most preferably at least 85 wt.% based on the total weight of the components of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate comprises a long fiber pulp and/or a short fiber pulp.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of a long-fibre pulp and/or a short-fibre pulp ensures particularly advantageous structural properties of the packaging material. A long-fibre pulp is understood here to mean in particular a pulp made from softwoods or in particular a pulp comprising fibres with a fibre length of 0.5 mm to 4.4 mm or 0.7 mm to 3.5 mm or 2.6 mm to 4.4 mm. A short-fibre pulp is understood here to mean in particular a pulp from hardwoods or in particular pulp comprising fibers with a fiber length of 0.5 to 2.2 mm or 0.7 mm to 2.2 mm or particularly preferably 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

According to one embodiment, the long-fiber pulp has a weight proportion of 10 wt.% to 80 wt.%, preferably 20 wt.% to 50 wt.%, based on the fiber mixture of long-fiber pulp and short-fiber pulp.

According to one embodiment, the short fiber pulp has a weight proportion of 20 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably 50 wt.% to 80 wt.%, based on the fiber mixture of long fiber pulp and short fiber pulp.

This achieves the technical advantage that the corresponding weight proportions of the long-fibre pulp or the short-fibre pulp ensure advantageous properties of the packaging material.

Preferably, cellulose fibers from a) wood, e.g. from deciduous or coniferous trees, b) annual plants and grasses, e.g. silphium, hemp, straw, etc., c) processed paper waste or d) processed waste paper or mixtures thereof are used to produce the carrier substrate. The properties of the carrier substrate can be adjusted in a known manner, in particular by the type of cellulose fibers, the processing of the cellulose fibers, e.g. digestion processes, extraction, and the grinding and mixing of the cellulose fibers.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate comprises fresh fibers, primary fibers, secondary fibers and/or recycled fibers.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of recycled fibers ensures a favorable environmental balance of the carrier substrate, since no new plants have to be processed for this purpose, but already used carrier substrates can be processed in a circular process. Fresh fibres, which are made from new plants, can in particular have a lower proportion than the recycled fibres in the carrier substrate.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate has a basis weight of 20 g/m ² to 120 g/m ² , preferably from 40 g/m ² to 100 g/m ² .

This achieves the technical advantage that the mentioned basis weights of the carrier substrate ensure advantageous properties of the packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate is selected from the group comprising uncoated papers, single-sided coated papers, and double-sided coated papers.

This provides the technical advantage that the carrier substrate can be advantageously selected depending on the application of the desired environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polymeric binder of the at least one first coating color layer and/or the at least one second coating color layer is selected from the group comprising natural binders, modified natural binders, synthetic binders, other binders and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably a) the natural binders are selected from the group comprising natural polymers, more preferably natural cellulose-based polymers, even more preferably cellulose, natural lignin-based polymers, and/or natural starch-based polymers, more preferably starch, proteins, more preferably casein, polysaccharides, more preferably pullulan, chitosan, and/or alginate, and mixtures thereof; b) the modified natural binders are selected from the group comprising modified starch, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and mixtures thereof; c) the synthetic binders are selected from the group comprising butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, butadiene-acrylonitrile, butadiene-methyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof, more preferably styrene-acrylate; and d) the other binders are selected from the group comprising acrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and mixtures thereof, more preferably polyvinyl alcohol.

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous production of the at least one first and/or second coating color layer is achieved by the corresponding polymeric binders, and in addition advantageous barrier properties of the at least one first and/or second coating color layer are ensured by the corresponding polymeric binders.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating layer comprises from 1 wt. % to 70 wt. % of the at least one polymeric binder based on the respective dry mass of the at least one first coating layer, preferably from 5 wt. % to 50 wt. %, and/or the at least one second coating layer comprises from 1 wt. % to 70 wt. % of the at least one polymeric binder based on the respective dry mass of the at least one second coating layer, preferably from 5 wt. % to 50 wt. %.

This achieves the technical advantage that at least one advantageous first coating layer or at least one advantageous second coating layer can be obtained by means of the corresponding weight proportions of the polymeric binder.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one first coating layer and/or the at least one second Coating color layer selected from the group comprising calcined kaolin, kaolin, kaolinite, magnesium silicate hydrate, silicon oxide, bentonite, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, boehmite, aluminum sulfate, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, talc, and mixtures thereof, preferably calcined kaolin, kaolin, kaolinite, talc and/or calcium carbonate, in particular ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and/or precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), and most preferably ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and/or precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and/or kaolin.

This achieves the technical advantage that advantageous properties of the first coating layer and/or second coating layer can be achieved by means of the corresponding inorganic pigments.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating layer comprises from 50% by weight to 95% by weight of the at least one inorganic pigment based on the respective dry mass of the at least one first coating layer, preferably from 80% by weight to 90% by weight and/or the at least one second coating layer comprises from 50% by weight to 95% by weight of the at least one inorganic pigment based on the respective dry mass of the at least one second coating layer, preferably from 80% by weight to 90% by weight.

This achieves the technical advantage that advantageous properties of the first coating layer and/or the second coating layer can be ensured by the corresponding weight proportions of the inorganic pigments.

According to one embodiment, the ratio of the polymeric binder to the inorganic pigment in the at least one first coating color layer is from 1 to 5 to 5 to 1, preferably from 1 to 4 to 4 to 1, more preferably from 1 to 3 to 3 to 1, even more preferably from 1 to 2 to 2 to 1, and most preferably about 1 to 1, and/or the ratio of the polymeric binder to the inorganic pigment in the at least one second coating color layer is from 1 to 4 to 4 to 1, preferably from 1 to 4 to 1 to 2, and most preferably from 1 to 4 to 1 to 3. This achieves the technical advantage that the corresponding ratio of the polymeric binder to the inorganic pigment enables advantageous properties of the first coating layer and/or the second coating layer.

Preferably, the inorganic pigment of the at least one first coating color layer and/or second coating color layer is platelet-shaped.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one first coating color layer and/or the at least one second coating color layer has an aspect ratio of 5 to 100, preferably of 15 to 100, more preferably of 20 to 80.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one first coating color layer and/or the at least one second coating color layer has a particle size distribution of 0.5 .m to 3.0 .m.

According to one embodiment, the third coating layer comprises at least one polysaccharide, at least one rheology aid, at least one Sealcoat MB46HE, and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably a) the at least one polysaccharide is selected from the group comprising hemicellulose, cellulose, starch, alginate, chitosan, pullulan, dextran, agarose and mixtures thereof, more preferably pullulan, chitosan and/or alginate, and most preferably exclusively pullulan; b) the at least one rheology aid is selected from the group comprising: b-1) sugar alcohols selected from the group comprising: diglycerol, triglycerol, fructose, ribose, xylose, D-mannitol, triacetin, and mixtures thereof; b-2) polyols selected from the group comprising: pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol, xylitol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof, more preferably xylitol and/or sorbitol, and most preferably xylitol; b-3) diols selected from the group comprising: methylpentanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol and mixtures thereof; b-4) glycols selected from the group comprising: polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400, alkoxylated polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof; b-5) caprolactam, cyclic trimethylolpropane, resin esters, erucamide and mixtures thereof, wherein mixtures of subgroups b-1) to b-5) are included.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of the at least one polysaccharide in the third coating layer ensures an advantageous compromise between an optimal viscosity of the third coating layer for producing the third coating layer and the drying properties of the correspondingly applied third coating layer, and that the rheology aids mentioned are environmentally friendly additives which also ensure an advantageous adjustment of the viscosity of the third coating layer so that it can be applied on an industrial scale.

In particular, the third coating layer is a sealing layer comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer. Such a sealing layer is particularly useful when the at least one hydrophobic polymer in the third coating layer does not comprise a thermoplastic polymer, i.e. is not heat-sealable.

The sealing layer preferably comprises a thermoplastic polymer based on a polyacrylate, a styrene-2-butadiene copolymer and/or a polyolefin. Suitable polymers also include, in particular, acrylates, polymethacrylates, polymethylacrylates, polymethylmethacrylates, polyethylarylates, polyethylmethacrylates, poly(n-, iso-, tert-)butylacrylates, poly(n-, iso-, tert-)butylmethacrylates, polycyclohexylmethacrylates, polyethylhexylacrylates and their copolymers, graft polymers, and copolymers with styrene, acrylonitrile, methylstyrene and/or vinyltoluene. Suitable polymers are available in particular under the trade names Vapor Coat 1300, BimBA 8888, Cartaseal SWF, Rhobarr 320, B-Coat WB 100, B-Coat 50/3, Chemipearl S300, Ultraseal W-952, Wükoseal 630, EurikaCoat 3624, Epotal SP 106, Hypod 2000, Extomine BS-OF 40%, Aquaseal X2200, Cartaseal SCR, CHT Coat 8080, Sealcoat MB46HE and Extomine BG-EM 48%.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the third coating color layer has a number average degree of polymerization X _n of at least 150, wherein the number average degree of polymerization X _n is determined according to the following formula: X _n = M _n / M _m , wherein M _n corresponds to the number average molar mass of the at least one polysaccharide, and wherein M _m corresponds to the molar mass of a monomer unit of the at least one polysaccharide.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the third coating layer has a number average degree of polymerization X _n of at least 175, preferably of at least 200, more preferably of at least 250, even more preferably of at least 300, even more preferably of at least 400, even more preferably of at least 500, even more preferably of at least 600, even more preferably of at least 700 and most preferably of at least 800.

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous number average degree of polymerization X _n of the at least one polysaccharide ensures advantageous producibility of the third coating layer, since the corresponding third coating color from which the third coating layer is produced has an advantageous viscosity. In addition, an advantageous effect results in relation to the gas barrier properties of the third coating layer.

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the third coating layer has different number average degrees of polymerization X _n .

According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the at least one third coating color layer has a number average molar mass M _n between 1 x 10 ⁵ g/mol and 8 x 10 ⁵ g/mol, preferably between 2 x 10 ⁵ g/mol and 6 x 10 ⁵ g/mol, and most preferably between 3 x 10 ⁵ g/mol and 4 x 10 ⁵ g/mol. According to one embodiment, the third coating layer comprises from 10 wt.% to 95 wt.%, preferably from 2 wt.% to 35 wt.% of the at least one rheology aid, in particular the polyol, based on the total dry mass of the third coating layer, more preferably from 5 wt.% to 25 wt.%, and most preferably from 10 wt.% to 20 wt.%.

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous viscosity can be set by means of the stated weight proportions of the at least one rheology aid, in particular the polyol, in the third coating color for producing the third coating color layer. In addition, the rheology aid, in particular the polyol, serves as a plasticizer.

According to one embodiment, the third coating layer comprises from 10 wt.% to 95 wt.%, preferably from 10 wt.% to 40 wt.% of the at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the third coating layer, more preferably 10 wt.% to 25 wt.%, even more preferably 10 wt.% to 19.9 wt.%, even more preferably 12 wt.% to 18 wt.% and most preferably 15 wt.% to 18 wt.%.

This achieves the technical advantage that the corresponding weight ranges of the at least one polysaccharide ensure an advantageous compromise between an optimal viscosity of the third coating color for producing the third coating color layer and the drying properties of the correspondingly applied third coating color.

According to one embodiment, the polysaccharide, preferably pullulan, in the third coating layer is present in crystalline or semi-crystalline form in order to provide a barrier layer which provides a particularly high barrier effect against fat, oxygen and flavourings.

This achieves the technical advantage that the crystalline or semi-crystalline structure of the polysaccharide or pullulan can provide an advantageous barrier within the third coating layer. According to one embodiment, the third coating layer comprises polyvinyl alcohol as a rheology aid, wherein the third coating layer preferably comprises exclusively polyvinyl alcohol.

This provides the technical advantage of obtaining an advantageous third coating layer.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material contains a maximum of 5 wt.%, more preferably a maximum of 2.5 wt.%, even more preferably a maximum of 1 wt.%, additionally even more preferably a maximum of 0.1 wt.% and most preferably a maximum of 0.01 wt.% of plastic, wherein the plastic is defined as a polymer to which additives and other substances may have been added and which can function as the main structural component of end products, excluding natural polymers that have not been chemically modified.

This provides the technical advantage that the environmentally friendly packaging material can be advantageously recycled due to the very low plastic content.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material comprises a maximum of 50 wt.%, preferably a maximum of 40 wt.%, more preferably a maximum of 30 wt.% and most preferably a maximum of 15 wt.% of the first, second and third coating color layers based on the total weight of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

This achieves the technical advantage that the use of first, second and third coating layers with low weight proportions advantageously reduces the production costs of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the first and/or second and/or third coating color layer comprises at least one excipient, wherein the at least one excipient preferably comprises a natural surfactant, most preferably saponins and/or phospholipids. In particular, the surfactant comprises a water-soluble nonionic ethoxylated alcohol, in particular with a solids content between 4 and 15%, wherein the surfactant preferably has the formula RO(CH2CH2O) _XH , wherein the substituent R is selected as iso-Ci3H27 and the substituent x is 8 or more; or wherein the substituent R is selected as iso-Cw and the substituent x is selected from the group comprising 5, 6, 7, 8 or 11.

According to one embodiment, the natural surfactant is present in a range from 0.05 wt.% to 3 wt.%, preferably from 0.1 wt.% to 1.0 wt.%, based on the total dry mass of the respective coating color layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageously homogeneous first, second, or third coating color is obtained for producing the first, second, or third coating color layer.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first coating layer and/or the at least one second coating layer and/or the at least one third coating layer comprises at least one additive which is selected from the group comprising viscosity-controlling agents, preferably dicyandiamides, polyethylene glycol and/or urea as viscosity-reducing agents, or preferably alginate, carboxymethylcellulose and/or acrylic acid esters as viscosity-increasing agents, dispersants, preferably polyphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, and/or salts of polycarboxylic acids, defoamers, agents for increasing wet strength, preferably melamine-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, formalin and/or glyoxal, preservatives, preferably antibacterial additives and/or antifungal additives, lubricants, preferably polyglycol, agents for pH control, preferably sodium hydroxide and/or ammonia, dyes, optical brighteners, conductivity agents and mixtures thereof.

According to one embodiment, the at least one additive in the first, second and/or third coating layer is in a range of 0.01 wt.% to 5 wt.%, preferably from 0.1 wt.% to 2 wt.%, based on the respective dry mass of the respective coating color layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous optimization of the applicability and/or the properties of the at least one first and/or second and/or third coating color layer can be achieved.

According to one embodiment, the at least one third coating color layer comprises an inorganic pigment, which is preferably selected from the group comprising natural calcium carbonates (GCC, ground calcium carbonate), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC, precipitated calcium carbonate), aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides, silicas, in particular precipitated and pyrogenic silicas, diatomaceous earths, magnesium carbonates, titanium oxide, bentonite and clay, preferably clay, talc or kaolin.

Preferably, the inorganic pigment of the at least one third coating color layer is platelet-shaped.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one third coating color layer has an aspect ratio of 5 to 100, preferably of 15 to 100, more preferably of 20 to 80.

According to one embodiment, the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one third coating color layer has a particle size distribution of 0.5 μm to 3.0 μm.

According to one embodiment, the at least one third coating color layer has a pigment volume concentration (PVC) which is less than a critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) in order to obtain a continuous three-dimensional film.

Preferably, the pigment volume concentration (PVC) is from 5 vol.% to 55 vol.%, in particular from 15 vol.% to 30 vol.%. Preferably, the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC) is from 50 vol.% to 70 vol.%, in particular from 55 vol.% to 65 vol.%.

This achieves the technical advantage that the third coating layer has a relatively low pigment volume concentration (PVC) below the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC), so that the binder can effectively embed the pigments within the third coating layer, and thus a continuous third coating layer can be obtained without any noticeable voids, which nevertheless has advantageous properties. For further details, reference is made to WO 2022/103458 A1.

According to one embodiment, the inorganic pigment of the at least one third coating color layer is present in a range from 1 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably 2 to 30 wt.%, based on the total dry mass of the third coating color layer.

This achieves the technical advantage that a particularly advantageous viscosity of the third coating color can be adjusted by the addition of inorganic pigment, which improves the processability of the third coating color when producing the third coating color layer.

According to one embodiment, the at least one third coating color layer does not comprise any polymer, in particular no casein.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as a food-safe environmentally friendly packaging material, wherein the food-safe environmentally friendly packaging material in particular meets the standard EN 1186 and/or the standard EN 13130.

The European standard EN 1186 and/or the European standard EN 13130 lays down clear rules regarding the permissible migration of components of packaging. packaging material in food. Since the food-safe packaging material according to the present invention meets the corresponding standard, sufficient food safety is guaranteed.

According to one embodiment, the packaging material is designed as a foldable packaging material.

This achieves the technical advantage that a foldable packaging material can be easily and advantageously folded around the goods to be packaged during a packaging process and that the correspondingly folded packaging material retains the folded shape after the packaging process in order to ensure effective packaging of the goods to be packaged.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has a basis weight of less than 150 g/m ² , preferably less than 120 g/m ² , even more preferably less than 100 g/m ² , wherein most preferably the basis weight of the environmentally friendly packaging material is between 70 and 80 g/m ² .

This achieves the technical advantage that an advantageous packaging material designed as packaging paper can be obtained.

According to one embodiment, the first and/or second and/or third coating color layer each has a basis weight of less than 20 g/m ² , preferably less than 15 g/m ² , and wherein the first and/or second coating color layer most preferably each has a basis weight of 3 g/m ² to 15 g/m ² .

This achieves the technical advantage that an effective first and/or second and/or third coating layer can be provided. A correspondingly low basis weight of the first and/or second and/or third coating layer ensures in particular that fewer soluble components are available in relation to the entire packaging material. In particular, the at least one first coating layer and/or the at least one second coating layer has a basis weight of less than 10 g/m ² , preferably less than 8 g/m ² , and most preferably 4 g/m ² .

In particular, the basis weight of the at least one first coating color layer is from 1 g/m ² to 10 g/m ² , preferably from 2 g/m ² to 6 g/m ² .

In particular, the basis weight of the at least one second coating layer is from 5 g/m ² to 20 g/m ² , preferably from 8 g/m ² to 12 g/m ² .

In particular, the at least one third coating layer has a basis weight of less than 20 g/m ² , preferably less than 15 g/m ² , and the at least one third coating layer most preferably has a basis weight of 3 g/m ² to 15 g/m ² .

According to one embodiment, the at least one third coating color layer comprises at least one preservative, and wherein the preservative preferably comprises a diol, most preferably bronopol.

This provides the technical advantage of achieving a longer durability of at least a third coating layer.

Preferably, the at least one third coating layer does not comprise any dodine and/or any guanidine salts as a preservative, wherein in particular unavoidable traces of dodine and/or guanidine salts may be present in the at least one third coating layer.

This makes it possible to meet particularly strict environmental standards, such as Demeter-compliant packaging.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has at least one intermediate layer which is arranged between the at least one second coating color layer and at least one third coating color layer.

In particular, the at least one intermediate layer comprises at least one binder and at least one pigment, in particular at least one inorganic pigment.

This provides the technical advantage that, depending on the choice of material, the intermediate layer can advantageously improve the structural stability and the barrier effect of the packaging material.

The same preferred choices apply to the inorganic pigment and binder of the intermediate layer as to the inorganic pigment and binder of the first and second coating layers.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material has at least one cover layer which is arranged outside the at least one third coating color layer.

According to one embodiment, the cover layer contains at least one of the following components selected from a coating color, an ink, a sealing medium and an adhesive.

The packaging material according to the invention can also be metallized in the nanometer range, for example with Al2O3 or Al. The packaging material according to the invention is further preferably characterized in that the at least one cover layer comprises metals, in particular aluminum, and/or metal oxides, in particular aluminum oxide and/or silicon oxide.

Additional layers can in particular reduce the permeability of the packaging material according to the invention for other gases and/or form barriers for liquids or viscous substances such as fats, oils, hydrocarbons.

The at least one covering layer can in particular: a) comprise at least one hydrophobic polymer, e.g. based on a polyacrylate, a styrene/butadiene copolymer and/or a polyolefin; b) comprise at least one hydrophilic polymer, e.g. based on a polyvinyl alcohol; c) comprise at least one inorganic pigment and a binder; d) comprise amorphous and crystalline regions; e) contain or consist of substances selected from the group comprising lipophilic substances, paraffins, in particular hard paraffins, waxes, in particular microcrystalline waxes, waxes based on vegetable oils or fats, vegetable waxes, animal waxes, low molecular weight polyolefins, polyterpenes, and mixtures thereof; f) reduce or prevent the transfer of substances, in particular hydrophobic substances, e.g. substances according to point e) above, for example to prevent or reduce the transfer of substances from underlying layers to a food, in particular a fatty food; g) be at least heat- or cold-sealable; h) comprise at least one adhesive; i) comprise or consist of at least one thermoplastic material, in particular a heat-sealable material.

This provides the technical advantage that the top layer ensures effective protection of the third coating layer against external influences.

According to one embodiment, the at least one first, second and third coating color layer is arranged on the first side of the carrier substrate of the environmentally friendly packaging material, wherein in particular a backside coating color layer is arranged on the second side of the carrier substrate.

In particular, the at least one backside coating layer comprises a starch layer. This provides the technical advantage that the backside coating layer provides the possibility of labelling or printing on the backside or second side of the carrier substrate of the environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the environmentally friendly packaging material is designed as an unsized environmentally friendly packaging material, as an environmentally friendly packaging material glued on one side and/or as an environmentally friendly packaging material glued on both sides, wherein the gluing in particular comprises a starch gluing.

According to one embodiment, the carrier substrate is in particular designed as a satin-finished carrier substrate.

Process for producing an environmentally friendly packaging material

According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for producing an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising the following method steps:

Providing a carrier substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side;

Arranging at least one first coating color layer on the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment;

drying the at least one first coating color layer to obtain at least one dried first coating color layer arranged on the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate;

Directly applying at least one second coating layer to the at least one dried first coating layer, wherein the at least one second coating layer contains at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one second coating color layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment;

drying the at least one second coating layer to obtain at least one dried second coating layer arranged on the at least one dried first coating layer;

Indirect or direct application of at least one third coating colour to the at least one dried second coating colour layer; and

Drying the at least one third coating color to obtain at least one third coating color layer arranged on the at least one dried second coating color layer, wherein the third coating color layer is a barrier layer and/or a sealable layer.

This achieves the technical advantage of providing an advantageous production of an environmentally friendly packaging material.

According to one embodiment, the application of the at least one first coating color and/or the application of the at least one second coating color and/or the application of the at least one third coating color is carried out by a large-scale industrial coating machine, wherein the large-scale industrial coating machine in particular has a production speed of more than 1000 meters per minute.

This provides the technical advantage that large quantities of packaging material can be provided within a short period of time.

According to one embodiment, the application of the first and/or second and/or third coating color is carried out by means of a curtain coating process or by means of a doctor blade coating process.

It is preferred that the application of the first and/or second and/or third coating color is carried out by means of a double-curtain coating process at an operating speed of the coating system of at least 200 m/min. This process is particularly advantageous from an economic point of view and due to the uniform application across the paper web.

In the curtain coating process, a freely falling curtain of a coating dispersion is formed. The coating dispersion, which is in the form of a thin film (curtain), is "poured" onto a substrate by free fall in order to apply the coating dispersion to the substrate. DE 10 196 052 TI discloses the use of the curtain coating process in the production of information recording materials, whereby multilayer recording layers are realized by applying the curtain, consisting of several coating dispersion films, to substrates.

According to one embodiment, the drying of the first and/or second and/or third coating color is carried out at a temperature between 20°C and 300°C, preferably between 90°C and 140°C, and most preferably at 105°C.

According to one embodiment, the drying of the first and/or second and/or third coating color is carried out for a period of 10 seconds to 15 minutes, preferably for a period of 1 minute to 5 minutes, most preferably for 2 minutes and 30 seconds or for 3 minutes.

According to one embodiment, the drying of the first and/or second and/or third coating color is carried out at a curing pressure of 0.2 bar to 3 bar, preferably at a curing pressure of 0.9 bar to 1.1 bar.

According to one embodiment, the first and/or second and/or third coating color is degassed with stirring for a period of 2 minutes to 10 minutes, preferably for a period of 4 minutes, before application.

According to one embodiment, the application of the first and/or second and/or third coating color is carried out at a temperature between 15 °C and 30 °C. According to one embodiment, after application of the first and/or second and/or third coating color, an application weight of at least 6 g/m ² of the respective first and/or second and/or third coating color is achieved.

The embodiments given for the packaging material according to the first aspect are also embodiments for the method for producing the packaging material according to the second aspect and vice versa.

Environmentally friendly packaging material can be produced by a process

According to a third aspect, the invention is solved by an environmentally friendly packaging material producible by a method according to the second aspect.

The embodiments given for the packaging material according to the first aspect and for the method for producing the packaging material according to the second aspect are also embodiments for the packaging material according to the third aspect.

use of environmentally friendly packaging material

According to a fourth aspect, the invention is solved by using an environmentally friendly packaging material according to the first and/or third aspect as packaging, in particular for consumer goods, food, electronic articles and/or tobacco products.

The packaging includes in particular wrap-around packaging, tubular bags, lids on a cup or a bowl.

In particular, the packaging is designed as an inner packaging, which is used, for example, as a replacement for a metallized inner packaging. The packaging is suitable for various applications in the tobacco industry for particularly demanding tobacco products. The packaging is suitable for various applications as secondary packaging and primary packaging for tobacco products such as tobacco volume bags, tobacco pouches and coated tobacco inner liners with barrier.

The embodiments given for the packaging material according to the first aspect and for the method for producing the packaging material according to the second aspect are also embodiments for the use of the packaging material according to the fourth aspect.

third coating color

According to a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a third coating color for the indirect or direct coating of a second coating color layer which is applied to a first coating color layer, wherein the first coating color layer is applied to a carrier substrate, the third coating color comprising 10% by weight to 95% by weight of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the third coating color; 10% by weight to 90% by weight of at least one rheology aid, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the third coating color; and at least one liquid, in particular water; wherein the third coating color has a viscosity between 150 mPas and 1300 mPas, and wherein the viscosity of the third coating color is adjusted by the weight ratio of the at least one polysaccharide to the at least one rheology aid, in particular the polyol.

This achieves the technical advantage that a corresponding third coating color is suitable for the production of a particularly environmentally friendly packaging material which has advantageous barrier properties.

By adjusting the viscosity between 150 mPas and 1300 mPas of the third coating colour based on the weight ratio of the at least one polysaccharide to the at least one rheology aid, in particular polyol, depending on the type of application used, a very high production throughput of the packaging materials produced can be ensured by using large-scale industrial coating machines.

In addition, due to its advantageous viscosity properties, the third coating color can be used in a curtain coating process (“coating curtain process”), which can only be used when the applied coating color has a very low viscosity.

According to one embodiment, the viscosity of the third coating color is determined by the weight ratio of the at least one polysaccharide to the at least one rheology aid, in particular polyol, and the viscosity of the coating color is adjusted in that the at least one polysaccharide has different number average degrees of polymerization X _n .

This achieves the technical advantage that the viscosity of the third coating color is adjusted not only by adding different weight proportions of at least one polysaccharide and at least one rheology aid, in particular polyol, but also by varying the ratio of the degrees of polymerization of the at least one polysaccharide, which also allows an adjustment of the viscosity of the third coating color.

According to one embodiment, the viscosity of the third coating color is between 200 mPas and 400 mPas or between 800 mPas and 1300 mPas.

This achieves the technical advantage that a viscosity of the third coating color between 200 mPas and 400 mPas enables the use of the third coating color in a curtain coating application process, and that a viscosity of the third coating color between 800 mPas and 1300 mPas enables the use of the third coating color in a doctor blade coating process. According to one embodiment, the at least one polysaccharide of the third coating color has a number average degree of polymerization X _n of at least 150, wherein the number average degree of polymerization X _n is determined using the following formula: X _n = M _n / M _m , wherein M _n corresponds to the number average molar mass of the at least one polysaccharide, and wherein M _m corresponds to the molar mass of a monomer unit of the at least one polysaccharide.

According to one embodiment, the third coating color is present as an aqueous solution, as an aqueous dispersion or as an aqueous emulsion.

According to one embodiment, the weight proportion of the at least one polysaccharide of the third coating color is set such that a paper coated with the third coating color, after drying the third coating color to obtain a third coating color layer, satisfies at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, even more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least six, even more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least eight of the conditions defined below: a) a roughness of the environmentally friendly packaging material of 1 to 10 .m, preferably of 1 to 8 .m, more preferably of 2 to 6 .m and most preferably of 3 to 5 .m; b) an oxygen permeability at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and an air humidity of 0% according to the standard DIN ISO 15105-2 of less than 10 cm ³ per m ² per day, preferably less than 8 cm ³ per m ² per day, and more preferably less than 5 cm ³ per m ² per day, and most preferably less than 1 cm ³ per m ² per day; c) a water vapor permeability (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) according to the standard ISO 535 of less than 30 g/m ² , preferably 25 g/m ² ; d) a resistance to external creasing of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a load of 330 g/cm, and/or a resistance to internal creasing of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a load of 330 g/cm; e) a grease resistance according to the DIN 53116 standard; f) an aroma resistance according to a hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) of less than 10 g per m ² per day; g) a KIT value determined according to the Tappi T 559 standard of more than 6, preferably more than 8, more preferably more than 10, and most preferably 12 or more; h) a sealability according to the DIN 55529 (2012) standard.

The embodiments given for the packaging material according to the first aspect and the embodiments given for the method for producing the packaging material according to the second aspect and the embodiments given for the use of the packaging material according to the fourth aspect are also embodiments for the third coating color according to the fifth aspect and vice versa.

FIGURES 1 and 2

Reference is made to the accompanying Figure 1, which shows a schematic representation of an environmentally friendly packaging material according to the present invention.

As defined according to the first aspect of the present invention and as shown in Figure 1, the environmentally friendly packaging material comprises a carrier substrate having a first side (also referred to as front side) and a second side facing away from the first side (also referred to as back side). Also included is at least one first coating layer, which is arranged on the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein Figure 1 only shows the variant of an arrangement of the at least one first coating layer on the first side (front side) of the carrier substrate. The invention also alternatively or additionally includes an arrangement of the at least one first coating layer on the second side (back side) of the carrier substrate. Even if Figure 1 only shows the variant of a single first coating layer, the invention naturally also includes the variant of several first coating layers arranged on top of one another.

Also included is at least one second coating layer, which is applied directly, i.e. without an intermediate layer in between, to the at least one first coating layer, wherein Figure 1 only shows the variant of an arrangement of the at least one second coating layer on the first side (front side) of the carrier substrate. The invention also alternatively or additionally includes an arrangement of the at least one second coating layer directly on a corresponding first coating layer on the second side (back side) of the carrier substrate. Even if Figure 1 only shows the variant of a single second coating layer, the invention naturally also includes the variant of several second coating layers arranged on top of one another.

Also included is at least one third coating layer, which is applied directly, i.e. without an intermediate layer in between, or indirectly, i.e. with an intermediate layer in between, to the at least one second coating layer, wherein Figure 1 only shows the variant of an arrangement of the at least one third coating layer on the first side (front side) of the carrier substrate. The invention also alternatively or additionally includes an arrangement of the at least one third coating layer directly or indirectly on a corresponding second coating layer on the second side (back side) of the carrier substrate. Even if Figure 1 only shows the variant of a single third coating layer, the invention naturally also includes the variant of several third coating layers arranged on top of one another. As shown in Figure 1, the environmentally friendly packaging material according to the present invention optionally comprises a backing layer which is arranged on the second side (back side) of the carrier substrate, in which case the at least one first, second and third coating color layer are arranged on the first side (front side) of the carrier substrate.

The accompanying Figures 2A to 2L show visual representations of surfaces of a first coating layer applied and dried on the carrier substrate, whereby the surfaces were pretreated by means of a burnout test and subsequently subjected to image analysis using the Image J software.

EXAMPLES

In the comparative examples and exemplary embodiments described in detail below, different packaging materials were produced by applying aqueous solutions of the respective coating colors to a carrier substrate to form a composite structure with corresponding coating color layers, whereby a corresponding packaging material or composite structure is also referred to below as a "coated paper". In addition, parameters of the corresponding packaging materials were also examined and evaluated in the comparative examples and exemplary embodiments described in detail below.

measurement methods

The following measurement methods were used in the experiments described in detail below.

The basis weight, or the application weight of a layer, was determined by differential weighing between an uncoated carrier substrate and the carrier substrate coated with the layer.

The viscosity was determined using a Brookfield viscometer at 23°C and a speed of 100 rpm, at a dry content of 4%. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the respective packaging materials was determined according to DIN ISO 15105-2 at room temperature (23°C ± 2°C).

The kink resistance of an external kink or an internal kink of the respective packaging materials was determined after folding with a load of 330 g/cm by visual analysis of the external kink or the internal kink using a scanning electron microscope.

The grease-tightness of the respective packaging materials was tested according to standard 513116 using a palm kernel oil grease test.

The aroma tightness of the respective packaging materials was determined by gravimetric determination of the hexane vapor transmission rate (HVTR) based on permeability tests of hexane over a period of 24 hours. The hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) is carried out gravimetrically, using cups in accordance with the DIN 53122-1 standard, which are filled with n-hexane and the sample is clamped in the cup with the coated side facing the n-hexane. The hexane loss is determined by weighing the cup several times over a period of 24 hours over a defined area.

The water vapor transmission rate (WVRT) of the respective packaging materials was determined according to ISO 15106-2.

The KIT value of the respective packaging materials was determined according to the Tappi T 559 standard.

bzw. „sehr gut (++)“. The sealability of the respective packaging materials was determined according to the standard DIN 55529 (2012), whereby the coated paper was sealed at 3.3 bar for 0.3 seconds in the temperature range from 100 °C to 200 °C across the paper grain direction and the seal seam strength was measured. If a qualitative assessment of parameters determined within the framework of the corresponding measurement methods is carried out, an assessment is carried out based on the categories

or “very good (++)”.

manufacturing process

To produce the respective packaging materials, a corresponding coating color was applied to a first side of a carrier substrate made of cellulose, size DIN A3, in an amount of 5 to 10 ml using a film applicator with doctor bars from Erichsen (RK K303 Multicoater) at room temperature. The doctor bars used and thus the wet film application to the dry mass of the coating color used were adjusted so that the desired application weight of the respective coating color layer was achieved.

After application of the respective coating color, the respective packaging materials were attached to cardboard with a magnet to prevent the paper from rolling up and dried for a period of 3 minutes in a Memmert convection oven (setting: 50% flap; 50% fan) at a temperature of 105 °C in order to obtain the corresponding coating color layer.

If several coating layers were applied to the carrier substrate, the corresponding application and drying process was repeated in order to apply the individual coating layers one after the other to the carrier substrate or to the previously applied dried coating layer.

The at least one first coating color applied directly to the carrier substrate comprises either at least one polymeric binder, such as styrene acrylate, and at least one inorganic pigment, such as ground calcium carbonate, or at least one polymeric binder, such as styrene acrylate, and no inorganic pigment. The at least one first coating color applied directly to the carrier substrate forms the at least one first coating color layer after drying. The at least one second coating color is applied directly to the dried at least one first coating color layer according to the experiments described below and then dried to obtain the at least one second coating color layer.

The at least one third coating color is applied directly or indirectly to the dried at least one second coating color layer according to the experiments described below, and then dried to obtain the at least one third coating color layer.

The polysaccharide used in the examples for the third coating color comprises exclusively “food-grade” pullulan, which was purchased from Hayashibara Co. Ltd. and used without pretreatment.

The polyvinyl alcohol called Baumeister HS 25 used in the examples for the third coating color was purchased and used without pretreatment. The substance called MB46HE used in the examples for the third coating color was purchased and used without pretreatment.

To produce the third coating color, the pullulan was dissolved in distilled water while stirring and, depending on the specific experiment, at least one polyol, in particular xylitol and/or sorbitol, was also added. The third coating color was then degassed while stirring with a Hausschild SpeedMixer at a stirring speed of 2000 revolutions per minute for 4 minutes.

The substances polyvinyl alcohol with the designation Baumeister HS 25 and the substance with the designation MB46HE were applied directly to the second coating layer.

Evaluation of at least one first coating layer using burnout test and image analysis Before the at least one second coating layer is applied to the at least one first coating layer, a sample pretreatment by means of a burnout test and a subsequent image analysis using the freeware software Image J are carried out in order to be able to assess the surface quality of the at least one first coating layer.

Sample pretreatment using burnout test:

First, the reagent ammonium chloride (10%) is applied to the dried at least one first coating layer of an A4-sized paper sample using a smooth doctor blade. In order to be able to evaluate the pigment application, the reagent is applied to the side with at least one first coating layer. After the reagent has been absorbed into the paper, the paper fibers are carbonized in a drying cabinet at approx. 200 °C for 2 to 5 minutes. The paper fibers darken in the process. While the fibers that are covered by white pigments are not visible as dark spots, the paper fibers appear dark without any covering. The heat is applied evenly across the surface of the sample paper, so that uneven darkening is avoided.

Image analysis using ImaqeJ (freeware software):

The pretreated A4-sized test sheet is scanned at a resolution of 600 dpi. It is then cut in the middle to an image size of, for example, 3400 x 4000 pixels, which corresponds to a sample size of approximately 14 cm x 17 cm (see Figures 2A and 2G), whereby an enlarged section of, for example, 100 x 100 pixels, which corresponds to a sample size of 0.4 x 0.4 cm, is also shown (see Figures 2B and 2H). After the image has been converted to a black and white image (8-bit representation), it is converted to a binary image (see Figures 2C and 2D, as well as 2I and 2J). This enables particle detection, i.e. image-analytical identification of particles and their counting in pixels using the freeware software ImageJ (see Figures 2E, 2F, as well as 2K and 2L). Since there are production-related variations in the line application, such as air inclusions, wetting difficulties, variations in the pigment-binder ratio, which can result in line defects that look very different in shape and size, len, there is no restriction or sorting in the particle detection. Using the software settings (Size: 0 - Infinity and Circularity 0.00 - 1.00), particles of any shape and size are detected. This determines the degree of coverage, which also includes production-related fluctuations.

Comparative Example 1a and Comparative Example 1b

In comparative example 1a, a second coating color was applied directly to a paper carrier substrate coated with 1 g/m ² thickness to form a second coating color layer after drying with a basis weight of 4 to 6 g/m ^2. The second coating color comprises 75.7 wt. % platelet-shaped kaolin (Capim NP) as an inorganic pigment, 22.7 wt. % styrene acrylate (Aronal S 305) as a polymeric binder, and 0.2 wt. % sodium hydroxide, 0.17 wt. % synthetic thickener (Acroflex VX 559), 1.14 wt. % ammonium zirconium carbonate (Allicross AZC), and 0.1 wt. % defoamer (BYK LP 6009).

In the context of comparative example 1b, a first coating color was applied directly to an uncoated paper carrier substrate to form the first coating color layer after drying with a basis weight of 4 g/m ² and a second coating color was applied directly to the dried first coating color layer to form a second coating color layer after drying with a basis weight of 4 to 6 g/m ^2. The composition of the second coating color of comparative example 1b corresponds to the composition of the second coating color of comparative example 1a.

However, according to Comparative Example 1b, a different first coating color was used than in Comparative Example 1a, comprising 49.09 wt.% ground calcium carbonate (Hydrocarb 60) as inorganic pigment, 49.11 wt.% styrene acrylate (Aronal S 305) as polymeric binder, and 0.09 wt.% sodium hydroxide, 0.29 wt.% synthetic thickener (Acroflex VX 559), and 1.48 wt.% ammonium zirconium carbonate. Thus, Comparative Example 1b differs from Comparative Example 1a by the presence of a first coating color layer.

As shown in Table 1 below, the composite structure according to Comparative Example 1a and Comparative Example 1b was investigated with respect to oxygen permeability, roughness, water vapor transmission rate, and Cobb oil value, with reference to the previous method descriptions.

As can be seen from Table 1, the corresponding ratings for roughness, air permeability, water vapor transmission rate and Cobb oil value with respect to Comparative Examples 1 a and 1 b are comparable and average.

Comparative Example 2 and Example 2

In the context of comparative example 2, the composite structure of comparative example 1a was used and in the context of embodiment 2, the composite structure of comparative example 1b was used, wherein a third coating color was applied to the respective composite structure to form a third coating color layer after drying with a basis weight of 8 g/m ² , wherein the third coating color exclusively comprises polyvinyl alcohol (Baumeister HS25). Thus, the embodiment 2 differs from the comparative example 2 only by the presence of a first coating color layer.

As shown in Table 2 below, the composite structure according to Comparative Example 2 and Working Example 2 was examined with respect to oxygen permeability, deviations in oxygen permeability, hexane vapor permeability (HVTR), grease impermeability (PKÖFT), KIT value, and sealability, whereby reference is made to the previous method descriptions.

Table 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the hexane vapor permeability (HVTR), grease tightness (PKÖFT), KIT value, and oxygen permeability are very good in the composite structure according to Comparative Example 2 as well as in the composite structure according to Example 2, or average sealing capabilities are achieved.

However, a difference arises in the deviations in the oxygen permeability of the respective composite structures, whereby the low value of 12% according to embodiment 2 is advantageous compared to the higher value of 31% according to comparative example 2. Thus, the oxygen barrier effect of the composite structure according to embodiment 2 (which has a first coating color layer) is greater than that of the composite structure according to comparative example 2 (which does not have a first coating color layer).

Comparative Example 3 and Example 3

In Comparative Example 3, the composite structure of Comparative Example 1a was used and in the context of Embodiment 3, the composite structure of Comparative Example 1b was used, wherein a third coating color was applied to the respective composite structure to form a third coating color layer after drying with a basis weight of 8 g/m ² , wherein the third coating color exclusively comprises MB46E.

Thus, the embodiment 3 differs from the comparative example 3 only by the presence of a first coating color layer.

As shown in Table 3 below, the composite structure according to Comparative Example 3 and Working Example 3 was investigated with respect to hexane vapor permeability (HVTR), deviations in hexane vapor permeability (HVTR), MW-HVTR, KIT value, and sealability, whereby reference is made to the previous method descriptions.

Table 3 As can be seen from Table 3, the hexane vapor permeability (HVTR), the KIT value, and the sealability of the composite structure according to Comparative Example 3 as well as the composite structure according to Embodiment 3 are comparable to average, or even very good.

However, a difference arises in the deviations in the hexane vapor permeability of the respective composite structures, whereby the low value of 11% according to embodiment 3 is advantageous compared to the higher value of 37% according to comparative example 3. The corresponding lower H VTR-MW value of 13 g/m ² per day according to embodiment 3 is also advantageous compared to the HVTR-MW value of 25 g/m ² per day according to comparative example 3.

Thus, the flavor barrier effect or mineral oil barrier effect of the composite structure according to embodiment 3 (which has a first coating color layer) is greater than the composite structure according to comparative example 3 (which does not have a first coating color layer).

Comparative Example 4 and Example 4

In the context of embodiment 4, a first coating color was applied directly to an uncoated paper carrier substrate to form the first coating color layer after drying with a basis weight of 4 g/m ² and a second coating color was applied directly to the dried first coating color layer to form a second coating color layer after drying with a basis weight of 4 g/m ^2. The composition of the first and second coating colors of embodiment 4 is identical and comprises clay as an inorganic pigment and comprises a polymeric binder.

A third coating color was immediately applied to the dried second coating color layer to form a third coating color layer after drying with a basis weight of 9 g/m ² . The third coating color comprises an aqueous mixture of 11.2 wt.% pullulan and 4.8 wt.% xylitol (30% solids content of xylitol) based on the dry mass of the third coating color layer. Comparative Example 4 differs from Embodiment 4 only in that the composite structure of Comparative Example 4 does not have a first coating color layer.

As shown in Table 4 below, the composite structure according to Comparative Example 4 and Working Example 4 was tested with respect to kink resistance of inner and outer kink, grease tightness (PKÖFT), sealing force, and oxygen permeability (OTR), whereby reference is made to the previous method descriptions.

Table 4

Comparative Example 5 and Example 5

The embodiment 5 is identical to the embodiment 4 and the comparison example 5 is identical to the comparison example 4 except that the third coating color comprises sorbitol as a rheology aid instead of xylitol.

Comparative Example 5 differs from Embodiment 5 only in that the composite structure of Comparative Example 5 does not have a first coating color layer.

As shown in Table 5 below, the composite structure according to Comparative Example 5 and Embodiment 5 was evaluated in terms of kink resistance. The ability of an internal and external kink, grease tightness (PKÖFT), sealing strength, and oxygen permeability (OTR) were investigated, whereby reference is made to the previous method descriptions.

Table 5

In conclusion, it can be stated that by using two coating layers between the carrier substrate and the third coating layer for a variety of different materials of the third coating layer, a variety of parameters of the environmentally friendly packaging material can be improved, for example the barrier effect against oxygen, water, fat and/or flavorings.

In addition, the use of two coating layers between the carrier substrate and the third coating layer enables the application weights of the respective first, second and/or third coating layers to be advantageously reduced without any loss of the barrier effect of the environmentally friendly packaging material, thereby reducing the manufacturing costs of the environmentally friendly packaging materials.

In addition, a corresponding environmentally friendly packaging material can also be advantageously folded and sealed with three different coating layers, which allows a variety of different packaging to be formed.

Assessment of the surface quality of at least one coating layer The accompanying Figures 2A to 2L show visual representations of surfaces of a first coating layer applied and dried on the carrier substrate, whereby the surfaces were pretreated using the burnout test described above, and which were subsequently subjected to an image analysis using the ImageJ software as described above.

The first coating color used here comprises 75.7 wt.% platelet-shaped kaolin (Capim NP) as inorganic pigment, 22.7 wt.% styrene acrylate (Aronal S 305) as polymeric binder, as well as 0.2 wt.% sodium hydroxide, 0.17 wt.% synthetic thickener (Acroflex VX 559), 1.14 wt.% ammonium zirconium carbonate (Al- licross AZO), as well as 0.1 wt.% defoamer (BYK LP 6009).

In a further test, a first coating color (S1*) with the following composition was used: 75.9% pigment (layered silicate), 22.8% latex (styrene-butadiene latex) and 1.3% rheology modifiers (0.2% acrylate-based thickener, 1.1% zirconium-based crosslinker).

Figures 2A to 2F show the surface of a single layer of the first coating color. Figures 2G to 2L show a paper on which a double application of the first coating color has been carried out, with Figures 2G to 2L showing the surface of the outermost layer of the two layers of the first coating color.

Before the at least one second coating layer, in particular with the same composition as the first coating layer or as the first coating layer S1*, is applied to the at least one first coating layer or to the first coating layer S1*, a sample pretreatment by means of a burnout test and a subsequent image analysis by means of the ImageJ software is carried out in order to be able to assess the surface quality of the at least one first coating layer. The sections shown in Figures 2A, 2C, 2E, 2G, 2I and 2K show the complete sample with a size of approximately 14 cm x 17 cm, or a number of 3400 x 4000 pixels.

The sections shown in Figures 2B, 2D, 2F, 2H, 2J and 2L show an enlargement of a respective section of the complete sample with a size of approximately 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm, or a number of 100 x 100 pixels.

The sections shown in Figures 2A, 2B, 2G, and 2H each show a black and white image in an 8-bit representation after the burnout test.

The sections shown in Figures 20, 2D, 2I, and 2J each show a binary image after conversion from the respective 8-bit representation.

The sections shown in Figures 2E, 2F, 2K, and 2L each show the results of a detection of dark areas without pigment application using the ImageJ software based on the respective binary image.

The ImageJ software enables the output of the percentage area of particles in the sample section.

As can be seen from Figure 2F, with a corresponding simple application of the first coating layer, the percentage area of particles in the sample section is approximately 36% of uncovered base paper.

According to Figure 2L, with a corresponding double application of the first coating layer, the percentage area of particles in the sample section is only about 4% of uncovered base paper and is thus significantly better than with only a single application of the first coating layer to the base paper.

Thus, the base paper coverage of approx. 64% with a single application of the first coating layer can be converted to a base paper coverage of approx. 96% with a double application of the first coating layer, which leads to an advantageous quality of the packaging material.

Claims

1. Environmentally friendly packaging material, comprising: a carrier substrate which has a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; at least one first coating layer which is arranged on the first side and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; at least one second coating layer which is applied directly to the at least one first coating layer, wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; at least one third coating layer which is applied directly or indirectly to the at least one second coating layer, wherein the at least one third coating layer is a barrier layer and/or a sealable layer. 2. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to claim 1, wherein the environmentally friendly packaging material satisfies at least one, preferably at least two, more preferably at least three, even more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, even more preferably at least six, even more preferably at least seven, even more preferably at least eight of the following defined conditions: a) a roughness of the environmentally friendly packaging material of 1 to 10 .m, preferably 1 to 8 .m, more preferably 2 to 6 .m and most preferably 3 to 5 .m; b) an oxygen permeability at a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and an air humidity of 0% according to the standard DIN ISO 15105-2 of less than 10 cm ³ per m ² per day, preferably less than 8 cm ³ per m ² per day, and more preferably less than 5 cm ³ per m ² per day, and most preferably less than 1 cm ³ per m ² per day; c) a water vapor permeability (Water Vapor Transmission Rate) according to the standard ISO 535 of less than 30 g/m ² , preferably less than 25 g/m ² ; d) a resistance to external creasing of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a load of 330 g/cm, and/or a resistance to internal creasing of the environmentally friendly packaging material after folding with a load of 330 g/cm; e) a grease resistance according to the DIN 53116 standard; f) an aroma resistance according to a hexane vapor transmission test (HVTR) of less than 10 g per m ² per day; g) a KIT value determined according to the Tappi T 559 standard of more than 6, preferably more than 8, more preferably more than 10, and most preferably 12 or more; h) a sealability according to the DIN 55529 (2012) standard; 3. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one polymeric binder of the at least one first coating layer and/or the at least one second coating layer is selected from the group comprising natural binders, modified natural binders, synthetic binders, other binders and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably a) the natural binders are selected from the group comprising natural polymers, more preferably natural cellulose-based polymers, even more preferably cellulose, natural lignin-based polymers, and/or natural starch-based polymers, more preferably starch, proteins, more preferably casein, polysaccharides, more preferably pullulan, chitosan, and/or alginate, and mixtures thereof; b) the modified natural binders are selected from the group comprising modified starch, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and mixtures thereof; c) the synthetic binders are selected from the group comprising butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, butadiene-acrylonitrile, butadiene-methyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof, more preferably styrene-acrylate; d) wherein the other binders are selected from the group comprising acrylic acid esters, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate and mixtures thereof, more preferably polyvinyl alcohol. 4. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding Claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises from 1 wt. % to 70 wt. % of the at least one polymeric binder based on the respective dry mass of the at least one first coating layer, preferably from 5 wt. % to 50 wt. %, and/or wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises from 1 wt. % to 70 wt. % of the at least one polymeric binder based on the respective dry mass of the at least one second coating layer, preferably from 5 wt. % to 50 wt. %. 5. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one inorganic pigment of the at least one first coating color layer and/or the at least one second coating color layer is selected from the group comprising calcined kaolin, kaolin, kaolinite, magnesium silicate hydrate, silicon oxide, bentonite, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, boehmite, aluminum sulfate, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, talc, and mixtures thereof, preferably calcined kaolin, kaolin, kaolinite, talc and/or calcium carbonate, in particular ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and/or precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), and most preferably ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and/or precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and/or kaolin. 6. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one first coating layer comprises from 50% by weight to 95% by weight of the at least one inorganic pigment based on the respective dry mass of the at least one first coating layer, preferably from 80% by weight to 90% by weight, and/or wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises from 50% by weight to 95% by weight of the at least one inorganic pigment based on the respective dry mass of the at least one second coating layer, preferably from 80% by weight to 90% by weight. 7. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ratio of the polymeric binder to the inorganic pigment in the at least one first coating color layer is from 1 to 5 to 5 to 1, preferably from 1 to 4 to 4 to 1, more preferably from 1 to 3 to 3 to 1, even more preferably from 1 to 2 to 2 to 1, and most preferably about 1 to 1, and/or wherein the ratio of the polymeric binder to the inorganic pigment in the at least one second coating color layer is from 1 to 4 to 4 to 1, preferably from 1 to 4 to 1 to 2, and most preferably from 1 to 4 to 1 to 3. 8. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein the third coating color layer comprises at least one polysaccharide, at least one rheology aid, at least one Sealcoat MB46HE, and mixtures thereof, wherein preferably a) the at least one polysaccharide is selected from the group comprising hemicellulose, cellulose, starch, alginate, chitosan, pullulan, dextran, agarose and mixtures thereof, more preferably pullulan, chitosan and/or alginate, and most preferably exclusively pullulan; b) the at least one rheology aid is selected from the group comprising: b-1) sugar alcohols selected from the group comprising: diglycerol, triglycerol, fructose, ribose, xylose, D-mannitol, triacetin, and mixtures thereof; b-2) polyols selected from the group comprising: pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, polyvinyl alcohol, xylitol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof, more preferably xylitol and/or sorbitol, and most preferably xylitol; b-3) diols selected from the group comprising: methylpentanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol and mixtures thereof; b-4) glycols selected from the group comprising: polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400, alkoxylated polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof; b-5) caprolactam, cyclic trimethylolpropane, resin esters, euricamide and mixtures thereof, wherein mixtures of subgroups b-1) to b-5) are included. 9. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to claim 8, wherein the third coating layer comprises from 10 wt.% to 95 wt.%, preferably from 2 wt.% to 35 wt.% of the at least one rheology aid, in particular the polyol, based on the total dry mass of the third coating layer, more preferably from 5 wt.% to 25 wt.%, and most preferably from 10 wt.% to 20 wt.%. 10. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the third coating layer comprises from 10 wt.% to 95 wt.%, preferably from 10 wt.% to 40 wt.% of the at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the third coating layer, more preferably 10 wt.% to 25 wt.%, even more preferably 10 wt.% to 19.9 wt.%, furthermore even more preferably 12 wt.% to 18 wt.% and most preferably 15 wt.% to 18 wt.%. 11. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein the third coating layer comprises polyvinyl alcohol as a rheology aid, wherein the third coating layer preferably comprises exclusively polyvinyl alcohol. 12. Environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one third coating color layer comprises an inorganic pigment, which is preferably selected from the group comprising natural calcium carbonates (GCC, ground calcium carbonate), precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC, precipitated calcium carbonate), aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides, silicas, in particular precipitated and pyrogenic silicas, diatomaceous earths, magnesium carbonates, titanium oxide, bentonite and clay, preferably clay, talc or kaolin. 13. A process for producing an environmentally friendly packaging material comprising the following process steps: Providing a carrier substrate having a first side and a second side facing away from the first side; Arranging at least one first coating color layer on the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate, wherein the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one first coating color layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; drying the at least one first coating color layer to obtain at least one dried first coating color layer arranged on the first and/or second side of the carrier substrate; Directly applying at least one second coating layer to the at least one dried first coating layer, wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one inorganic pigment and at least one polymeric binder, or wherein the at least one second coating layer comprises at least one polymeric binder and no inorganic pigment; drying the at least one second coating layer to obtain at least one dried second coating layer arranged on the at least one dried first coating layer; Indirect or direct application of at least one third coating colour to the at least one dried second coating colour layer; and Drying the at least one third coating color to obtain at least one third coating color layer arranged on the at least one dried second coating color layer, wherein the third coating color layer is a barrier layer and/or a sealable layer. 14. Use of an environmentally friendly packaging material according to one of claims 1 to 12 as packaging, in particular for consumer goods, foodstuffs, electronic articles and/or tobacco products. 15. Third coating colour for the indirect or direct coating of a second coating colour layer which is applied to a first coating colour layer, wherein the first coating colour layer is applied to a carrier substrate, the third coating colour comprising: 10% to 95% by weight of at least one polysaccharide based on the total dry mass of the third coating color; 10% by weight to 90% by weight of at least one rheology aid, in particular a polyol, based on the total dry mass of the third coating color; and at least one liquid, in particular water; wherein the third coating color has a viscosity between 150 mPas and 1300 mPas, and wherein the viscosity of the third coating color is adjusted by the weight ratio of the at least one polysaccharide to the at least one rheology aid, in particular the polyol.