WO2024256769A1 - Generateur a excitation hybride d'un systeme de propulsion hybride electrique - Google Patents
Generateur a excitation hybride d'un systeme de propulsion hybride electrique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024256769A1 WO2024256769A1 PCT/FR2024/050730 FR2024050730W WO2024256769A1 WO 2024256769 A1 WO2024256769 A1 WO 2024256769A1 FR 2024050730 W FR2024050730 W FR 2024050730W WO 2024256769 A1 WO2024256769 A1 WO 2024256769A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- synchronous machine
- generator
- voltage
- brushless synchronous
- converter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/33—Hybrid electric aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/35—Arrangements for on-board electric energy production, distribution, recovery or storage
- B64D27/357—Arrangements for on-board electric energy production, distribution, recovery or storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the general field of hybrid aircraft propulsion systems and more particularly to a hybrid excitation generator for the electrical power supply of the propulsion system.
- climate change is a major concern for many legislative and regulatory bodies around the world. Indeed, various restrictions on carbon emissions have been, are being or will be adopted by various states. In particular, an ambitious standard applies both to new types of aircraft as well as those in circulation requiring the implementation of technological solutions in order to make them compliant with current regulations. Civil aviation has been mobilizing for several years now to make a contribution to the fight against climate change.
- turbojets are equipped with a hybrid electric propulsion system comprising at least one bidirectional electrical source connected to the high-pressure shaft and another connected to the low-pressure shaft of the turbojet. This electrical system supplies the loads of the aircraft and/or the propulsion engine.
- the hybrid electric propulsion system 100 conventionally comprises, from upstream to downstream in the direction of gas flow, a fan 101, a low-pressure compressor BPI 10, a high-pressure compressor 120, a combustion chamber 130 which receives fuel 102, a high-pressure turbine 121, a low-pressure turbine 111 and a primary exhaust nozzle 103.
- the compressor 110 and the turbine 111 are connected by the low-pressure shaft 112 and form a low-pressure body.
- the compressor 120 and the turbine 121 are connected by the high-pressure shaft 122 and form, with the combustion chamber 130, a high-pressure body.
- the high-pressure generator GHP is driven directly or via a transmission shaft by the high-pressure shaft 122.
- the low-pressure generator GBP is driven by the low-pressure shaft 112.
- this electric propulsion system is powered by wound rotor synchronous machines which have the advantage of being able to control the output voltage by the excitation circuit as well as the short-circuit current in the event of a fault.
- these synchronous machines can be replaced by permanent magnet synchronous machines (151, 152) associated with power converters (161, 162). These converters make it possible to rectify and regulate the voltage to supply a DC continuous electrical network.
- This solution is particularly suitable for generators connected to the high-pressure shaft 122 whose shaft rotation speed range is not very wide (speed ratio between 1.5 and 2.5), because over a wide speed range (ratio greater than 5), there is a risk of voltage control instability at high speed when high defluxing is used to limit current, and an increase in harness and power converter mass due to high currents at low speed.
- the invention relates to a hybrid electric propulsion system for a turbojet engine comprising:
- a first permanent magnet synchronous machine connected to a direct voltage to alternating voltage converter, intended to be connected to a high pressure shaft of the turbojet, and configured to operate in motor mode or in generator mode;
- hybrid excitation generator comprising a brushless synchronous machine, a second permanent magnet synchronous machine connected in series to the brushless synchronous machine, and a rectifier bridge connected to the brushless synchronous machine
- the hybrid excitation generator being intended to be connected to a low pressure shaft of the turbojet and the brushless synchronous machine comprising a generator, an exciter, rotating diodes placed between the generator and the exciter and a DC to DC converter connected to the exciter
- the different operating modes make it possible to optimize the dimensioning and mass of the hybrid excitation generator system:
- the brushless synchronous machine can compensate for the reactive energy of the second permanent magnet machine
- the brushless synchronous machine operates in “boost” mode
- the brushless synchronous machine operates in “brake” mode.
- the operation of the constant current and voltage hybrid excitation generator is also independent of the speed of the low pressure shaft.
- the synchronous machine is brushless allows the stator to not be complicated, as is usually the case in three-stage machines conventionally used as generators. Furthermore, by being brushless, the synchronous machine present in the hybrid excitation generator has an extended service life, since there is no longer any need to change the brushes regularly. Since there is no rotating contact, the excitation current is unidirectional.
- the voltage of the DC power supply network can be controlled at constant power over a wide speed range with a unidirectional excitation current by current and voltage loops, unlike the prior art where this is controlled by the speed measurement.
- the short-circuit current of the DC power supply network can be controlled in order to ensure conventional protection by load selectivity.
- the hybrid excitation generator is protected against the risks of overheating thanks to the limitation of the short-circuit current.
- Voltage control is compatible with conventional control electronics such as “Generator Control Unit” or GCU. It limits the short-circuit current in the event of an internal fault and controls the short-circuit current of the network in order to guarantee the selectivity of the protections.
- the energy storage system comprises a DC voltage to DC voltage converter and a battery, the battery being connected to the DC voltage to DC voltage converter which is connected to the DC power supply network.
- the DC voltage to DC voltage converter of the hybrid excitation generator of the brushless synchronous machine is connected to a DC voltage generator.
- This generator is used to supply the excitation current to the exciter of the brushless synchronous machine when starting the turbojet.
- the DC voltage to DC voltage converter of the hybrid excitation generator of the brushless synchronous machine is connected to an output of the rectifier bridge and to the DC power supply network.
- Another subject of the invention relates to an aircraft comprising at least one turbojet engine equipped with a hybrid electric propulsion system according to the invention, the hybrid electric propulsion system supplying loads of the aircraft.
- Yet another object of the invention is a method of controlling a hybrid electric propulsion system according to the invention comprising:
- FIG. 1 Figure 1 schematically and partially represents a hybrid electric propulsion system according to the prior art.
- FIG. 2 Figure 2 schematically and partially represents a hybrid electric propulsion system according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 Figure 3 schematically and partially represents the brushless synchronous machine included in the hybrid electric propulsion system of the invention.
- FIG. 4 Figure 4 schematically and partially represents a hybrid electric propulsion system according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 schematically and partially represents a hybrid electric propulsion system 200 of a turbojet according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- This system 200 makes it possible to supply electrical power to loads 270.
- the loads 270 represent loads of an aircraft, such as engine loads and aircraft loads.
- the engine loads can be pumps for fuel and/or oil, de-icing and/or different actuators.
- the aircraft loads can be loads of all electrical systems, such as those of the flight controls and/or landing gear controls and/or pumps and/or air conditioning and/or wing de-icing and/or taxiing and/or the cabin electrical network and/or the converter for the low-voltage network, etc.
- the system 200 comprises a first permanent magnet synchronous machine 230 connected to a direct voltage to alternating voltage converter 231.
- This first permanent magnet synchronous machine 230 is intended to be connected to the high pressure shaft 222 of the turbojet.
- the system 200 also comprises a hybrid excitation generator 240 intended to be connected to the low pressure shaft 212 of the turbojet engine.
- This generator 240 comprises a rectifier bridge 243 connected to a brushless synchronous machine 242 shown in more detail in FIG. 3.
- the brushless synchronous machine 242 is itself connected in series to a second permanent magnet synchronous machine 241.
- the brushless synchronous machine 242 comprises a generator 3421, an exciter 3422 and rotating diodes 3423 connected between the generator 3421 and the exciter 3422.
- This machine 242 does not comprise any rotating contacts, which makes it possible to extend the service life of the machine 242 because it is no longer necessary to change the brushes regularly.
- the excitation current coming from a direct current source via the direct voltage to direct voltage converter 244 is supplied to the exciter 3422, and more particularly to its stator.
- the rotor of the exciter 3422 is induced with an alternating voltage, the signal of which is rectified by the rotating diodes 3423. This makes it possible to supply the rotor of the generator 3421 with direct current which will thus generate a rotating magnetic field at the stator of generator 3421.
- the stator of generator 3421 thus generates a three-phase current which will be rectified by rectifier bridge 243.
- a direct voltage to direct voltage converter 244 is connected to the exciter 3422.
- the DC to DC converter 244 which supplies the excitation current to the exciter 3422 is connected to a DC voltage generator 245.
- This DC voltage generator 245 can be replaced by a permanent magnet generator connected to the low pressure shaft.
- the system 200 may comprise an energy storage system 250 which may be a battery connected to a DC voltage to DC voltage converter, itself connected to the DC power supply network.
- this energy storage system 250 makes it possible to consume the minimum energy necessary for controlling the voltage if the power consumed by the loads 270 of the turbojet engine is insufficient.
- Figure 4 schematically and partially represents a hybrid electric propulsion system 400 of a turbojet according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- the system 400 comprises a first permanent magnet synchronous machine 430 connected to a direct voltage to alternating voltage converter 431.
- This first permanent magnet synchronous machine 430 is intended to be connected to the high pressure shaft 422 of the turbojet.
- the system 400 also comprises a hybrid excitation generator 440 intended to be connected to the low-pressure shaft 412 of the turbojet engine.
- This generator 440 comprises a rectifier bridge 443 connected to a brushless synchronous machine 442, the operation of which has been described previously with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the brushless synchronous machine 442 is itself connected in series to a second permanent magnet synchronous machine 441.
- the DC to DC converter 444 which supplies the excitation current to the exciter 3422 is connected to the output of the rectifier bridge 443 and to the DC power supply network.
- the converter 444 is powered directly by the output of the rectifier bridge 443, this makes it possible to have a completely autonomous control of the generator 4421, and to do without the permanent magnet generator which is conventionally connected to the same motor shaft, that is to say to the low pressure shaft 412, to start the generator 4421 when the engine starts.
- the permanent magnet machine 441 generates a voltage sufficient to power the converter 444 to control the DC voltage and the excitation current of the exciter 4422.
- the hybrid electric propulsion system 400 may comprise an energy storage system 450 which may be a battery connected to a DC voltage to DC voltage converter itself connected to the DC power supply network.
- this energy storage system 450 makes it possible to consume the minimum energy necessary for controlling the voltage if the power consumed by the loads 470 of the turbojet is insufficient, and if it is not possible to adjust the control of the voltage of the DC power supply network by the DC voltage to AC voltage converter 431, for example in the case of a torque or power limitation imposed by the turbomachine.
- the control of the voltage of the hybrid-excited generator can be achieved from current and voltage regulation loops as is already the case for three-stage generators.
- a first PI (Proportional Integral) corrector generates a DC current setpoint from a measurement error of the DC voltage at the output of the rectifier bridge. This setpoint is limited by the short-circuit current setpoint of the network. This setpoint is in turn compared to the measurement of the network current, passes through a corrector, for example of the PI type, to generate the excitation current setpoint which is naturally limited to 0 by the rotating diodes.
- the hybrid excitation generator can be designed to prioritize certain factors to optimize its sizing according to the application. We can use: - the hybridization ratio which compares the flux of the permanent magnet machine to the total flux of the hybrid excitation generator; or
- the brushless synchronous machine and the second permanent magnet synchronous machine of the hybrid excitation generator are integrated together in the rotor and share the same stator. That is, they are placed in series on the rotor of the hybrid excitation generator and they share the same stator which forms the stator of the hybrid excitation generator.
- the invention also relates to an aircraft comprising a hybrid electric propulsion system as described above.
- This hybrid electric propulsion system makes it possible to provide electrical power to the aircraft loads by controlling the voltage of the DC electrical network.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480049770.7A CN121753248A (zh) | 2023-06-16 | 2024-06-06 | 用于混合动力电推进系统的混合励磁发电机 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2306184A FR3149870B1 (fr) | 2023-06-16 | 2023-06-16 | Générateur à excitation hybride d’un système de propulsion hybride électrique |
| FRFR2306184 | 2023-06-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024256769A1 true WO2024256769A1 (fr) | 2024-12-19 |
Family
ID=88068910
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2024/050730 Pending WO2024256769A1 (fr) | 2023-06-16 | 2024-06-06 | Generateur a excitation hybride d'un systeme de propulsion hybride electrique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN121753248A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3149870B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024256769A1 (fr) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5397975A (en) | 1993-06-14 | 1995-03-14 | Ecoair Corp. | Hybrid alternator |
| CN107896038A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种双绕组混合励磁无刷直流集成发电系统及其控制方法 |
| EP3627689A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-25 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Système et procédé d'entraînement électrique d'un moteur à turbine à gaz par l'intermédiaire d'une machine synchrone à champ bobiné assisté par un générateur à aimant permanent |
| US20220411082A1 (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-12-29 | Safran | Electric architecture for a hybrid thermal/electric propulsion aircraft and twin-engined aircraft comprising such an architecture |
| FR3129375A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-05-26 | Safran | Système de conversion et de transport d'énergie électrique pour l'hybridation interne d'une turbomachine d'aéronef |
-
2023
- 2023-06-16 FR FR2306184A patent/FR3149870B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-06-06 WO PCT/FR2024/050730 patent/WO2024256769A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-06-06 CN CN202480049770.7A patent/CN121753248A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5397975A (en) | 1993-06-14 | 1995-03-14 | Ecoair Corp. | Hybrid alternator |
| CN107896038A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种双绕组混合励磁无刷直流集成发电系统及其控制方法 |
| EP3627689A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-03-25 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Système et procédé d'entraînement électrique d'un moteur à turbine à gaz par l'intermédiaire d'une machine synchrone à champ bobiné assisté par un générateur à aimant permanent |
| US20220411082A1 (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-12-29 | Safran | Electric architecture for a hybrid thermal/electric propulsion aircraft and twin-engined aircraft comprising such an architecture |
| FR3129375A1 (fr) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-05-26 | Safran | Système de conversion et de transport d'énergie électrique pour l'hybridation interne d'une turbomachine d'aéronef |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Y. AMARAA. H. BEN AHMEDE. HOANGL. VIDOM. GABSI: "Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Alternator Connected to a Diode Rectifier with a Resistive Load", M. LÉCRIVAIN PUBLIÉ DANS EPE JOURNAL, April 2006 (2006-04-01) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3149870A1 (fr) | 2024-12-20 |
| CN121753248A (zh) | 2026-03-27 |
| FR3149870B1 (fr) | 2025-10-24 |
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